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@ -30,16 +30,6 @@ Here you will find the **typical flow** that **you should follow when pentesting
**Click on the title to start!** **Click on the title to start!**
## Support HackTricks
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
LinPEAS, WinPEAS and MacPEAS arent enough for you? **Welcome** [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), a limited collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) of our favourite PEASS in disguise, designed by my team. **Go get your favourite and make it yours!** (access to the latest PEASS-ng is also granted buying NFTs)\
And if you are a PEASS & HackTricks enthusiast, you can get your hands now on our [**custom swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) **and show how much you like our projects!**
You can also, - **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) **to learn about latest news in cybersecurity and meet other cybersecurity enthusiasts**, or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**\
If you want to **share some tricks with the community** you can also submit **pull requests** to [**https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) that will be reflected in this book and don't forget to **give ⭐** on **github** to **motivate** **me** to continue developing this book.
## Corporate Sponsors ## Corporate Sponsors
### [STM Cyber](https://www.stmcyber.com) ### [STM Cyber](https://www.stmcyber.com)
@ -52,13 +42,13 @@ You can check their **blog** in [**https://blog.stmcyber.com**](https://blog.stm
**STM Cyber** also support cybersecurity open source projects like HackTricks :) **STM Cyber** also support cybersecurity open source projects like HackTricks :)
### [Security Hubs](https://securityhubs.io/) ### [SYN CUBES](https://www.syncubes.com/)
![](<.gitbook/assets/image (307).png>) <figure><img src=".gitbook/assets/image.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to **defend against the Dark Hacking Arts**. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering **high-quality penetration testing results.** [**Security Hubs**](https://securityhubs.io/) \*\*\*\* bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a **complete assessment of any risks**. **Security Skills as a Service** platform bridges the current skill set gap by combining **global offensive security talent with smart automation**, providing real-time data you need to make informed decisions.
{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %} {% embed url="https://www.syncubes.com/" %}
### [Intigriti](https://www.intigriti.com) ### [Intigriti](https://www.intigriti.com)

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@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary> <summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details> </details>
@ -30,7 +26,7 @@ You can **select the architecture** inside Visual Studio in the **left "Build" T
Then, build both projects (Build -> Build Solution) (Inside the logs will appear the path of the executable): Then, build both projects (Build -> Build Solution) (Inside the logs will appear the path of the executable):
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2) (1) (1).png>) ![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2) (1) (1) (1).png>)
## Prepare the Backdoor ## Prepare the Backdoor
@ -193,14 +189,10 @@ rundll32.exe SalseoLoader.dll,main
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary> <summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details> </details>

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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ OMI is an [open-source](https://github.com/microsoft/omi) remote configuration m
When these services are configured, the omiengine process will listen on all interfaces and being running as the root user. When these services are configured, the omiengine process will listen on all interfaces and being running as the root user.
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
**Default port:** 5985(http), 5986(https) **Default port:** 5985(http), 5986(https)

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@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ESC4 is when a user has write privileges over a certificate template. This can f
As we can see in the path above, only `JOHNPC` has these privileges, but our user `JOHN` has the new `AddKeyCredentialLink` edge to `JOHNPC`. Since this technique is related to certificates, I have implemented this attack as well, which is known as [Shadow Credentials](https://posts.specterops.io/shadow-credentials-abusing-key-trust-account-mapping-for-takeover-8ee1a53566ab). Heres a little sneak peak of Certipys `shadow auto` command to retrieve the NT hash of the victim. As we can see in the path above, only `JOHNPC` has these privileges, but our user `JOHN` has the new `AddKeyCredentialLink` edge to `JOHNPC`. Since this technique is related to certificates, I have implemented this attack as well, which is known as [Shadow Credentials](https://posts.specterops.io/shadow-credentials-abusing-key-trust-account-mapping-for-takeover-8ee1a53566ab). Heres a little sneak peak of Certipys `shadow auto` command to retrieve the NT hash of the victim.
<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
**Certipy** can overwrite the configuration of a certificate template with a single command. By **default**, Certipy will **overwrite** the configuration to make it **vulnerable to ESC1**. We can also specify the **`-save-old` parameter to save the old configuration**, which will be useful for **restoring** the configuration after our attack. **Certipy** can overwrite the configuration of a certificate template with a single command. By **default**, Certipy will **overwrite** the configuration to make it **vulnerable to ESC1**. We can also specify the **`-save-old` parameter to save the old configuration**, which will be useful for **restoring** the configuration after our attack.
@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ The two main rights here are the **`ManageCA`** right and the **`ManageCertifica
If you have a principal with **`ManageCA`** rights on a **certificate authority**, we can use **PSPKI** to remotely flip the **`EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2`** bit to **allow SAN** specification in any template ([ECS6](domain-escalation.md#editf\_attributesubjectaltname2-esc6)): If you have a principal with **`ManageCA`** rights on a **certificate authority**, we can use **PSPKI** to remotely flip the **`EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2`** bit to **allow SAN** specification in any template ([ECS6](domain-escalation.md#editf\_attributesubjectaltname2-esc6)):
<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (70).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (70).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ Then, we change back the `userPrincipalName` of `Jane` to be something else, lik
Now, if we try to authenticate with the certificate, we will receive the NT hash of the `Administrator@corp.local` user. You will need to add `-domain <domain>` to your command line since there is no domain specified in the certificate. Now, if we try to authenticate with the certificate, we will receive the NT hash of the `Administrator@corp.local` user. You will need to add `-domain <domain>` to your command line since there is no domain specified in the certificate.
<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
## Weak Certificate Mappings - ESC10 ## Weak Certificate Mappings - ESC10