GITBOOK-4059: change request with no subject merged in GitBook
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14
README.md
14
README.md
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@ -59,6 +59,20 @@ Get Access Today:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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### [Intruder](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks)
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<figure><img src=".gitbook/assets/image.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Stay a step ahead in the cybersecurity game.
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[**Intruder**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) makes vulnerability management easy. Keep track of your attack surface, see where your company is vulnerable, and prioritize issues that leave your systems most exposed so you can focus on what matters most.
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Run thousands of checks with a single platform that covers your entire tech stack from internal infrastructure to web apps, APIs and cloud systems. Integrate seamlessly with [AWS, GCP, Azure](https://www.intruder.io/cloud-vulnerability-scanning-for-aws-google-cloud-and-azure) and streamline DevOps so your team can implement fixes faster.
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||||
Intruder never rests. Round-the-clock protection monitors your systems 24/7. Want to learn more? Visit their site and take it for a spin with [**a free trial**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks).
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{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
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### [HACKENPROOF](https://bit.ly/3xrrDrL)
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<figure><img src=".gitbook/assets/image (1) (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
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</details>
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
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@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ C:\Users\test\Desktop\test>pyinstaller --onefile hello.py
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* [https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/](https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/)
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ It creates a 2 of names pipes per .Net process in [dbgtransportsession.cpp#L127]
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So, if you go to the users **`$TMPDIR`** you will be able to find **debugging fifos** you could use to debug .Net applications:
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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The function [**DbgTransportSession::TransportWorker**](https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/0633ecfb79a3b2f1e4c098d1dd0166bc1ae41739/src/coreclr/debug/shared/dbgtransportsession.cpp#L1259) will handle the communication from a debugger.
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@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
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# Android Task Hijacking
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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# Task, Back Stack and Foreground Activities
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## Task, Back Stack and Foreground Activities
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A task is a collection of activities that users interact with when performing a certain job. The activities are arranged in a stack—the _**back stack**_)—in the order in which each activity is opened.
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@ -32,25 +27,25 @@ This is some simple activity flow:
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.png>)
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## Android Multi-tasking - One Task
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### Android Multi-tasking - One Task
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One task is composed by several activities
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.png>)
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## Android Multi-tasking - Several Tasks
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### Android Multi-tasking - Several Tasks
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Android usually manages several tasks
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.png>)
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# Task Control Knobs
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## Task Control Knobs
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.png>)
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# Task affinity attack
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## Task affinity attack
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## Task affinity and Launch Modes
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### Task affinity and Launch Modes
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**Task affinity** is an attribute that is defined in each `<activity>` tag in the `AndroidManifest.xml` file. It describes which Task an Activity prefers to join.\
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By default, every activity has the same affinity as the **package** name.
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@ -78,36 +73,29 @@ When the launchMode is set to `singleTask`, the Android system evaluates three p
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* **Without finding a “matching” task**:\
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The AMS creates a new task and makes the new activity instance the root activity of the newly created task.
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## Attack
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### Attack
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The victim needs to have the **malicious** **app** **installed** in his device. Then, he needs to **open** **it** **before** opening the **vulnerable** **application**. Then, when the **vulnerable** application is **opened**, the **malicious** **application** will be **opened** **instead**. If this malicious application presents the **same** **login** as the vulnerable application the **user won't have any means to know that he is putting his credentials in a malicious application**.
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**You can find an attack implemented here:** [**https://github.com/az0mb13/Task\_Hijacking\_Strandhogg**](https://github.com/az0mb13/Task\_Hijacking\_Strandhogg)
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# Preventing task hijacking
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## Preventing task hijacking
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Setting `taskAffinity=""` can be a quick fix for this issue. The launch mode can also be set to **singleInstance** if the app does not want other activities to join tasks belonging to it. A custom **onBackPressed()** function can also be added, to override the default behaviour.
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Setting **`taskAffinity=""`** can be a quick fix for this issue. The launch mode can also be set to **singleInstance** if the app does not want other activities to join tasks belonging to it. A custom **onBackPressed()** function can also be added, to override the default behaviour.
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# **References**
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## **References**
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* [**https://blog.dixitaditya.com/android-task-hijacking/**](https://blog.dixitaditya.com/android-task-hijacking/)
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* [**https://blog.takemyhand.xyz/2021/02/android-task-hijacking-with.html**](https://blog.takemyhand.xyz/2021/02/android-task-hijacking-with.html)
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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@ -270,11 +270,11 @@ Explained in [**this video**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQicUW0svB8) you n
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1. **Install a CA certificate**: Just **drag\&drop** the DER Burp certificate **changing the extension** to `.crt` in the mobile so it's stored in the Downloads folder and go to `Install a certificate` -> `CA certificate`
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image.png" alt="" width="164"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt="" width="164"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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* Check that the certificate was correctly stored going to `Trusted credentials` -> `USER`
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt="" width="334"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1).png" alt="" width="334"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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2. **Make it System trusted**: Download the Magisc module [MagiskTrustUserCerts](https://github.com/NVISOsecurity/MagiskTrustUserCerts) (a .zip file), **drag\&drop it** in the phone, go to the **Magics app** in the phone to the **`Modules`** section, click on **`Install from storage`**, select the `.zip` module and once installed **reboot** the phone:
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
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</details>
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
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@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ You can see that in [the next tutorial](frida-tutorial-2.md).
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ It runs along with the Objective-C Runtime. The runtime environments run on top
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The below-given diagram depicts this architecture:
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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### What is .Net Runtime and Mono Framework?
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
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</details>
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Content-Length: 267
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* `port:15672 http`
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
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@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
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# 500/udp - Pentesting IPsec/IKE VPN
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (674).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
# Basic Information
|
||||
Find vulnerabilities that matter most so you can fix them faster. Intruder tracks your attack surface, runs proactive threat scans, finds issues across your whole tech stack, from APIs to web apps and cloud systems. [**Try it for free**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) today.
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
## Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
IPsec is the most commonly used technology for both gateway-to-gateway (LAN-to-LAN) and host to gateway (remote access) enterprise VPN solutions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ IPsec is the most commonly used technology for both gateway-to-gateway (LAN-to-L
|
|||
|
||||
**Default port:** 500/udp
|
||||
|
||||
# **Discover** the service using nmap
|
||||
## **Discover** the service using nmap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@bt:~# nmap -sU -p 500 172.16.21.200
|
||||
|
|
@ -41,9 +44,9 @@ PORT STATE SERVICE
|
|||
MAC Address: 00:1B:D5:54:4D:E4 (Cisco Systems)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# **Finding a valid transformation**
|
||||
## **Finding a valid transformation**
|
||||
|
||||
The IPSec configuration can be prepared only to accept one or a few transformations. A transformation is a combination of values. **Each transform** contains a number of attributes like DES or 3DES as the **encryption algorithm**, SHA or MD5 as the **integrity algorithm**, a pre-shared key as the **authentication type**, Diffie-Hellman 1 or 2 as the key **distribution algorithm** and 28800 seconds as the **lifetime**.
|
||||
The IPSec configuration can be prepared only to accept one or a few transformations. A transformation is a combination of values. **Each transform** contains a number of attributes like DES or 3DES as the **encryption algorithm**, SHA or MD5 as the **integrity algorithm**, a pre-shared key as the **authentication type**, Diffie-Hellman 1 or 2 as the key **distribution algorithm** and 28800 seconds as the **lifetime**.
|
||||
|
||||
Then, the first thing that you have to do is to **find a valid transformation**, so the server will talk to you. To do so, you can use the tool **ike-scan**. By default, Ike-scan works in main mode, and sends a packet to the gateway with an ISAKMP header and a single proposal with **eight transforms inside it**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ Ending ike-scan 1.9: 1 hosts scanned in 0.015 seconds (65.58 hosts/sec). 1 retur
|
|||
As you can see in the previous response, there is a field called **AUTH** with the value **PSK**. This means that the vpn is configured using a preshared key (and this is really good for a pentester).\
|
||||
**The value of the last line is also very important:**
|
||||
|
||||
* _0 returned handshake; 0 returned notify:_ This means the target is **not an IPsec gateway**.
|
||||
* _0 returned handshake; 0 returned notify:_ This means the target is **not an IPsec gateway**.
|
||||
* _**1 returned handshake; 0 returned notify:**_ This means the **target is configured for IPsec and is willing to perform IKE negotiation, and either one or more of the transforms you proposed are acceptable** (a valid transform will be shown in the output).
|
||||
* _0 returned handshake; 1 returned notify:_ VPN gateways respond with a notify message when **none of the transforms are acceptable** (though some gateways do not, in which case further analysis and a revised proposal should be tried).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ In **DH Group: 14 = 2048-bit MODP** and **15 = 3072-bit**\
|
|||
|
||||
Cisco recommends avoidance of DH groups 1 and 2 in particular. The paper’s authors describe how it is likely that **nation states can decrypt IPsec sessions negotiated using weak groups via discrete log precomputation**. The hundreds of millions of dollars spent performing precomputation are amortised through the real-time decryption of any session using a weak group (1,024-bit or smaller).
|
||||
|
||||
## Server fingerprinting
|
||||
### Server fingerprinting
|
||||
|
||||
Then, you can use ike-scan to try to **discover the vendor** of the device. The tool send an initial proposal and stops replaying. Then, it will **analyze** the **time** difference **between** the received **messages** from the server and the matching response pattern, the pentester can successfully fingerprint the VPN gateway vendor. More over, some VPN servers will use the optional **Vendor ID (VID) payload** with IKE.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -132,12 +135,12 @@ Ending ike-scan 1.9: 1 hosts scanned in 84.080 seconds (0.01 hosts/sec). 1 retur
|
|||
|
||||
This can be also achieve with nmap script _**ike-version**_
|
||||
|
||||
# Finding the correct ID (group name)
|
||||
## Finding the correct ID (group name)
|
||||
|
||||
For being allowed to capture the hash you need a valid transformation supporting Aggressive mode and the correct ID (group name). You probably won't know the valid group name, so you will have to brute-force it.\
|
||||
To do so, I would recommend you 2 methods:
|
||||
|
||||
## Bruteforcing ID with ike-scan
|
||||
### Bruteforcing ID with ike-scan
|
||||
|
||||
First of all try to make a request with a fake ID trying to gather the hash ("-P"):
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -165,22 +168,19 @@ Or use this dict (is a combination of the other 2 dicts without repetitions):
|
|||
|
||||
{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/vpnIDs.txt" %}
|
||||
|
||||
## Bruteforcing ID with Iker
|
||||
### Bruteforcing ID with Iker
|
||||
|
||||
[**iker.py**](https://github.com/isaudits/scripts/blob/master/iker.py) also uses **ike-scan** to bruteforce possible group names. It follows it's own method to **find a valid ID based on the output of ike-scan**.
|
||||
|
||||
## Bruteforcing ID with ikeforce
|
||||
### Bruteforcing ID with ikeforce
|
||||
|
||||
[**ikeforce.py**](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ikeforce) is a tool that can be used to **brute force IDs also**. This tool will **try to exploit different vulnerabilities** that could be used to **distinguish between a valid and a non-valid ID** (could have false positives and false negatives, that is why I prefer to use the ike-scan method if possible).
|
||||
|
||||
By default **ikeforce** will send at the beginning some random ids to check the behaviour of the server and determinate the tactic to use.
|
||||
|
||||
* The **first method** is to brute-force the group names by **searching** for the information **Dead Peer Detection DPD** of Cisco systems (this info is only replayed by the server if the group name is correct).
|
||||
|
||||
* The **second method** available is to **checks the number of responses sent to each try** because sometimes more packets are sent when the correct id is used.
|
||||
|
||||
* The **third method** consist on **searching for "INVALID-ID-INFORMATION" in response to incorrect ID**.
|
||||
|
||||
* Finally, if the server does not replay anything to the checks, **ikeforce** will try to brute force the server and check if when the correct id is sent the server replay with some packet.\
|
||||
Obviously, the goal of brute forcing the id is to get the **PSK** when you have a valid id. Then, with the **id** and **PSK** you will have to bruteforce the XAUTH (if it is enabled).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -195,15 +195,15 @@ pip install 'pyopenssl==17.2.0' #It is old and need this version of the library
|
|||
./ikeforce.py <IP> -e -w ./wordlists/groupnames.dic
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Sniffing ID
|
||||
### Sniffing ID
|
||||
|
||||
It is also possible to obtain valid usernames by sniffing the connection between the VPN client and server, as the first aggressive mode packet containing the client ID is sent in the clear (from the book **Network Security Assessment: Know Your Network**)
|
||||
|
||||
.png>)
|
||||
|
||||
# Capturing & cracking the hash
|
||||
## Capturing & cracking the hash
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, If you have found a **valid transformation** and the **group name** and if the **aggressive mode is allowed**, then you can very easily grab the crackable hash:
|
||||
Finally, If you have found a **valid transformation** and the **group name** and if the **aggressive mode is allowed**, then you can very easily grab the crackable hash:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ike-scan -M -A -n <ID> --pskcrack=hash.txt <IP> #If aggressive mode is supported and you know the id, you can get the hash of the passwor
|
||||
|
|
@ -217,11 +217,11 @@ You can use **psk-crack**, **john** (using [**ikescan2john.py**](https://github.
|
|||
psk-crack -d <Wordlist_path> psk.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# **XAuth**
|
||||
## **XAuth**
|
||||
|
||||
Most implementations use **aggressive mode IKE with a PSK to perform group authentication**, and **XAUTH to provide additional user authentication** (via Microsoft Active Directory, RADIUS, or similar). Within **IKEv2**, **EAP replaces XAUTH** to authenticate users.
|
||||
|
||||
## Local network MitM to capture credentials
|
||||
### Local network MitM to capture credentials
|
||||
|
||||
So you can capture the data of the login using _fiked_ and see if there is any default username (You need to redirect IKE traffic to `fiked` for sniffing, which can be done with the help of ARP spoofing, [more info](https://opensourceforu.com/2012/01/ipsec-vpn-penetration-testing-backtrack-tools/)). Fiked will act as a VPN endpoint and will capture the XAuth credentials:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ fiked -g <IP> -k testgroup:secretkey -l output.txt -d
|
|||
|
||||
Also, using IPSec try to make a MitM attack and block all traffic to port 500, if the IPSec tunnel cannot be established maybe the traffic will be sent in clear.
|
||||
|
||||
## Brute-forcing XAUTH username ad password with ikeforce
|
||||
### Brute-forcing XAUTH username ad password with ikeforce
|
||||
|
||||
To brute force the **XAUTH** (when you know a valid group name **id** and the **psk**) you can use a username or list of usernames and a list o passwords:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ This way, ikeforce will try to connect using each combination of username:passwo
|
|||
|
||||
If you found one or several valid transforms just use them like in the previous steps.
|
||||
|
||||
# Authentication with an IPSEC VPN
|
||||
## Authentication with an IPSEC VPN
|
||||
|
||||
In Kali **VPNC** is used to establish IPsec tunnels. **Profiles** have to be located in **_/etc/vpnc/_** and you can use the tool _**vpnc**_ to call them.\
|
||||
In Kali **VPNC** is used to establish IPsec tunnels. **Profiles** have to be located in _**/etc/vpnc/**_ and you can use the tool _**vpnc**_ to call them.\
|
||||
Example taken from the book **Network Security Assessment 3rd Edition**:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -262,31 +262,30 @@ VPNC started in background (pid: 6980)...
|
|||
root@kali:~# ifconfig tun0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Reference Material
|
||||
## Reference Material
|
||||
|
||||
* [PSK cracking paper](http://www.ernw.de/download/pskattack.pdf)
|
||||
* [SecurityFocus Infocus](http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1821)
|
||||
* [Scanning a VPN Implementation](http://www.radarhack.com/dir/papers/Scanning_ike_with_ikescan.pdf)
|
||||
* [Scanning a VPN Implementation](http://www.radarhack.com/dir/papers/Scanning\_ike\_with\_ikescan.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
# Shodan
|
||||
## Shodan
|
||||
|
||||
* `port:500 IKE`
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="broken-reference" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
Find vulnerabilities that matter most so you can fix them faster. Intruder tracks your attack surface, runs proactive threat scans, finds issues across your whole tech stack, from APIs to web apps and cloud systems. [**Try it for free**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) today.
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ id_rsa
|
|||
* You can find interesting guides on how to harden SSH in [https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html](https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html)
|
||||
* [https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide](https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide)
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -510,10 +510,11 @@ query isValidDiscount($code: Int) {
|
|||
|
||||
### Vulnerability scanners
|
||||
|
||||
* [https://github.com/gsmith257-cyber/GraphCrawler](https://github.com/gsmith257-cyber/GraphCrawler): Toolkit that can be used to grab schemas and search for sensative data, test authorization, brute force schemas, and find paths to a given type.
|
||||
* [https://github.com/gsmith257-cyber/GraphCrawler](https://github.com/gsmith257-cyber/GraphCrawler): Toolkit that can be used to grab schemas and search for sensitive data, test authorization, brute force schemas, and find paths to a given type.
|
||||
* [https://blog.doyensec.com/2020/03/26/graphql-scanner.html](https://blog.doyensec.com/2020/03/26/graphql-scanner.html): Can be used as standalone or [Burp extension](https://github.com/doyensec/inql).
|
||||
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/GraphQLmap](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/GraphQLmap): Can be used as a CLI client also to automate attacks
|
||||
* [https://gitlab.com/dee-see/graphql-path-enum](https://gitlab.com/dee-see/graphql-path-enum): Tool that lists the different ways of reaching a given type in a GraphQL schema.
|
||||
* [https://github.com/doyensec/inql](https://github.com/doyensec/inql): Burp extension for advanced GraphQL testing. The _**Scanner**_ is the core of InQL v5.0, where you can analyze a GraphQL endpoint or a local introspection schema file. It auto-generates all possible queries and mutations, organizing them into a structured view for your analysis. The _**Attacker**_ component lets you run batch GraphQL attacks, which can be useful for circumventing poorly implemented rate limits.
|
||||
|
||||
### Clients
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ You can expose **management servlets** via the following paths within JBoss (dep
|
|||
inurl:status EJInvokerServlet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ find / -name "config.php" 2>/dev/null | grep "moodle/config.php"
|
|||
/usr/local/bin/mysql -u <username> --password=<password> -e "use moodle; select email,username,password from mdl_user; exit"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ The best prevention technique is to not use users input directly inside response
|
|||
* [**https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/**](https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/)
|
||||
* [**https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning**](https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning)
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
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@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ out of band request with the current username
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* [**https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/**](https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/)
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* [**https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets**](https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets)
|
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||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ php vuln.php
|
|||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://blog.ripstech.com/2018/new-php-exploitation-technique/" %}
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Note that It **doesn't work for static files** on certain servers but as static
|
|||
|
||||
Using this technique, you can make 20-30 requests arrive at the server simultaneously - regardless of network jitter:
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
**Adapting to the target architecture**
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Content-Length: 0
|
|||
* For **delaying** the process **between** processing **one request and another** in a 2 substates steps, you could **add extra requests between** both requests.
|
||||
* For a **multi-endpoint** RC you could start sending the **request** that **goes to the hidden state** and then **50 requests** just after it that **exploits the hidden state**.
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
### Raw BF
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.loc
|
|||
[dcsync.md](dcsync.md)
|
||||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ BOOL APIENTRY DllMain (HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReser
|
|||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Find more Autoruns like registries in [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/artic
|
|||
* [https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001/](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001/)
|
||||
* [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2](https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2)
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue