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***
# Generic
## Networking
| Raw Sockets | WinAPI Sockets |
| ------------- | -------------- |
| socket() | WSAStratup() |
| bind() | bind() |
| listen() | listen() |
| accept() | accept() |
| connect() | connect() |
| read()/recv() | recv() |
| write() | send() |
| shutdown() | WSACleanup() |
## Persistence
| Registry | File | Service |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------- |
| RegCreateKeyEx() | GetTempPath() | OpenSCManager |
| RegOpenKeyEx() | CopyFile() | CreateService() |
| RegSetValueEx() | CreateFile() | StartServiceCtrlDispatcher() |
| RegDeleteKeyEx() | WriteFile() | |
| RegGetValue() | ReadFile() | |
## Encryption
| Name |
| --------------------- |
| WinCrypt |
| CryptAcquireContext() |
| CryptGenKey() |
| CryptDeriveKey() |
| CryptDecrypt() |
| CryptReleaseContext() |
## Anti-Analysis/VM
| Function Name | Assembly Instructions |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| IsDebuggerPresent() | CPUID() |
| GetSystemInfo() | IN() |
| GlobalMemoryStatusEx() | |
| GetVersion() | |
| CreateToolhelp32Snapshot \[Check if a process is running] | |
| CreateFileW/A \[Check if a file exist] | |
## Stealth
| Name | |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| VirtualAlloc | Alloc memory (packers) |
| VirtualProtect | Change memory permission (packer giving execution permission to a section) |
| ReadProcessMemory | Injection into external processes |
| WriteProcessMemoryA/W | Injection into external processes |
| NtWriteVirtualMemory | |
| CreateRemoteThread | DLL/Process injection... |
| NtUnmapViewOfSection | |
| QueueUserAPC | |
| CreateProcessInternalA/W | |
## Execution
| Function Name |
| ---------------- |
| CreateProcessA/W |
| ShellExecute |
| WinExec |
| ResumeThread |
| NtResumeThread |
## Miscellaneous
* GetAsyncKeyState() -- Key logging
* SetWindowsHookEx -- Key logging
* GetForeGroundWindow -- Get running window name (or the website from a browser)
* LoadLibrary() -- Import library
* GetProcAddress() -- Import library
* CreateToolhelp32Snapshot() -- List running processes
* GetDC() -- Screenshot
* BitBlt() -- Screenshot
* InternetOpen(), InternetOpenUrl(), InternetReadFile(), InternetWriteFile() -- Access the Internet
* FindResource(), LoadResource(), LockResource() -- Access resources of the executable
# Malware Techniques
## DLL Injection
Execute an arbitrary DLL inside another process
1. Locate the process to inject the malicious DLL: CreateToolhelp32Snapshot, Process32First, Process32Next
2. Open the process: GetModuleHandle, GetProcAddress, OpenProcess
3. Write the path to the DLL inside the process: VirtualAllocEx, WriteProcessMemory
4. Create a thread in the process that will load the malicious DLL: CreateRemoteThread, LoadLibrary
Other functions to use: NTCreateThreadEx, RtlCreateUserThread
## Reflective DLL Injection
Load a malicious DLL without calling normal Windows API calls.\
The DLL is mapped inside a process, it will resolve the import addresses, fix the relocations and call the DllMain function.
## Thread Hijacking
Find a thread from a process and make it load a malicious DLL
1. Find a target thread: CreateToolhelp32Snapshot, Thread32First, Thread32Next
2. Open the thread: OpenThread
3. Suspend the thread: SuspendThread
4. Write the path to the malicious DLL inside the victim process: VirtualAllocEx, WriteProcessMemory
5. Resume the thread loading the library: ResumeThread
## PE Injection
Portable Execution Injection: The executable will be written in the memory of the victim process and it will be executed from there.
## Process Hollowing
The malware will unmap the legitimate code from memory of the process and load a malicious binary
1. Create a new process: CreateProcess
2. Unmap the memory: ZwUnmapViewOfSection, NtUnmapViewOfSection
3. Write the malicious binary in the process memory: VirtualAllocEc, WriteProcessMemory
4. Set the entrypoint and execute: SetThreadContext, ResumeThread
# Hooking
* The **SSDT** (**System Service Descriptor Table**) points to kernel functions (ntoskrnl.exe) or GUI driver (win32k.sys) so user processes can call these functions.
* A rootkit may modify these pointer to addresses that he controls
* **IRP** (**I/O Request Packets**) transmit pieces of data from one component to another. Almost everything in the kernel uses IRPs and each device object has its own function table that can be hooked: DKOM (Direct Kernel Object Manipulation)
* The **IAT** (**Import Address Table**) is useful to resolve dependencies. It's possible to hook this table in order to hijack the code that will be called.
* **EAT** (**Export Address Table**) Hooks. This hooks can be done from **userland**. The goal is to hook exported functions by DLLs.
* **Inline Hooks**: This type are difficult to achieve. This involve modifying the code of the functions itself. Maybe by putting a jump at the beginning of this.
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☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️ -🐦 Twitter 🐦 - 🎙️ Twitch 🎙️ - 🎥 Youtube 🎥
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
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