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@ -1276,6 +1276,8 @@ In this situation, you could consider:
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- Refactoring your project to reduce the number of dependencies (for
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example, by breaking up a monolithic code base into smaller pieces)
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.. _`Getting help`:
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Getting help
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------------
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@ -1338,7 +1340,7 @@ How does backtracking work?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When doing a pip install, it needs to start by making assumptions about the
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packages it needs to install. During the install process it needs check this
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packages it needs to install. During the install process it needs to check these
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assumptions as it goes along.
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When it finds that an assumption is incorrect, it has to try another approach
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@ -1357,7 +1359,7 @@ onto the next package. If not it will continue to backtrack until it finds a
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compatible version.
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This backtrack behaviour can end in 2 ways - either 1) it will
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successfully find a set packages it can install (good news!), or 2) it will
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successfully find a set of packages it can install (good news!), or 2) it will
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eventually display `resolution impossible <https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#id35>`__ error
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message (not so good).
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@ -1369,7 +1371,7 @@ Why does backtracking occur?
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----------------------------
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With the release of the new resolver (:ref:`Resolver changes 2020`), pip is now
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more strict in the package versions it installs when a users runs a
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more strict in the package versions it installs when a user runs a
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``pip install`` command.
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Pip needs to backtrack because initially, it doesn't have all the information it
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@ -1380,7 +1382,7 @@ the package.
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This new resolver behaviour means that pip works harder to find out which
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version of a package is a good candidate to install. It reduces the risk that
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installing a new package will accidentally break an existing installed package,
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and so reducing the risk of your environment gets messed up.
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and so reducing the risk that your environment gets messed up.
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What does this behaviour look like?
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-----------------------------------
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@ -1391,55 +1393,55 @@ Right now backtracking behaviour looks like this:
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$ pip install tea==1.9.8
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Collecting tea==1.9.8
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Downloading tea-1.9.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (346 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 346 kB 10.4 MB/s
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Downloading tea-1.9.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (346 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 346 kB 10.4 MB/s
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Collecting spoon==2.27.0
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Downloading spoon-2.27.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 312 kB 19.2 MB/s
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Downloading spoon-2.27.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 312 kB 19.2 MB/s
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Collecting hot-water>=0.1.9
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Downloading hot-water-0.1.13-py3-none-any.whl (9.3 kB)
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Collecting cup>=1.6.0
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Downloading cup-3.22.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (397 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 397 kB 28.2 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.22.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (397 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 397 kB 28.2 MB/s
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of this package to determine
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which version is compatible with other requirements.
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This could take a while.
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Downloading cup-3.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (395 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 395 kB 27.0 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.20.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 24.4 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 21.3 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.19.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 26.2 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (393 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 393 kB 22.1 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.17.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (382 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 382 kB 23.8 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (376 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 376 kB 27.5 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.15.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (385 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 385 kB 30.4 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (395 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 395 kB 27.0 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.20.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 24.4 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 21.3 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.19.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (394 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 394 kB 26.2 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (393 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 393 kB 22.1 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.17.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (382 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 382 kB 23.8 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (376 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 376 kB 27.5 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.15.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (385 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 385 kB 30.4 MB/s
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of this package to determine
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which version is compatible with other requirements.
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This could take a while.
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Downloading cup-3.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (378 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 378 kB 21.4 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (372 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 372 kB 21.1 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (381 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 381 kB 21.8 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (378 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 378 kB 21.4 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (372 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 372 kB 21.1 MB/s
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Downloading cup-3.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (381 kB)
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|████████████████████████████████| 381 kB 21.8 MB/s
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This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the
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dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime.
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If you want to abort this run, you can press Ctrl + C to do so.
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Downloading cup-3.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (374 kB)
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Downloading cup-3.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (374 kB)
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In the above sample output, pip had to download multiple versions of
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package cup - cup-3.22.0 to cup-3.13.0 - to find a version that will be
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compatible with the other packages - ``spoon``, ``hot-water``, ``cup``
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etc.
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These multiple ``Downloading cup-version`` lines shows pip backtracking.
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These multiple ``Downloading cup-version`` lines show pip backtracking.
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Possible ways to reduce backtracking occurring
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---------------------------------------------
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@ -1525,7 +1527,7 @@ Getting help
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If none of the suggestions above work for you, we recommend that you ask
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for help and you've got `a number of
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options <https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#getting-help>`__.
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options :ref:`Getting help`.
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.. _`Using pip from your program`:
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