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doc: Add Guix Home documentation.

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* doc/guix.texi: Add Guix Home documentation.
* doc/he-config-bare-bones.scm: New file.

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@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Domagoj Stolfa@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Hui Lu@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2021 pukkamustard@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Alice Brenon@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Andrew Tropin@*
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix}).
* Programming Interface:: Using Guix in Scheme.
* Utilities:: Package management commands.
* System Configuration:: Configuring the operating system.
* Home Configuration:: Configuring the home environment.
* Documentation:: Browsing software user manuals.
* Installing Debugging Files:: Feeding the debugger.
* Security Updates:: Deploying security fixes quickly.
@ -328,6 +330,10 @@ System Configuration
* Running Guix in a VM:: How to run Guix System in a virtual machine.
* Defining Services:: Adding new service definitions.
Home Environment Configuration
* Invoking guix home:: Instantiating a home environment configuration.
Services
* Base Services:: Essential system services.
@ -35241,6 +35247,665 @@ system:
This service represents PID@tie{}1.
@end defvr
@node Home Configuration
@chapter Home Configuration
@cindex home configuration
Guix supports declarative configuration of @dfn{home environments} by
utilizing the configuration mechanism described in the previous chapter
(@pxref{Defining Services}), but for user's dotfiles and packages. It
works both on Guix System and foreign distros and allows users to
declare all the packages and services that should be installed and
configured for the user. Once a user has written a file containing
@code{home-environment} record, such a configuration can be
@dfn{instantiated} by an unprivileged user with the @command{guix home}
command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}).
@c Maybe later, it will be possible to make home configuration a part of
@c system configuration to make everything managed by guix system.
The user's home environment usually consists of three basic parts:
software, configuration, and state. Software in mainstream distros are
usually installed system-wide, but with GNU Guix most software packages
can be installed on a per-user basis without needing root privileges,
and are thus considered part of the user’s @dfn{home environment}.
Packages on their own not very useful in many cases, because often they
require some additional configuration, usually config files that reside
in @env{XDG_CONFIG_HOME} (@file{~/.config} by default) or other
directories. Everything else can be considered state, like media files,
application databases, and logs.
Using Guix for managing home environments provides a number of
advantages:
@itemize
@item All software can be configured in one language (Guile Scheme),
this gives users the ability to share values between configurations of
different programs.
@item A well-defined home environment is self-contained and can be
created in a declarative and reproducible way---there is no need to grab
external binaries or manually edit some configuration file.
@item After every @command{guix home reconfigure} invocation, a new home
environment generation will be created. This means that users can
rollback to a previous home environment generation so they don’t have to
worry about breaking their configuration.
@item It is possible to manage stateful data with Guix Home, this
includes the ability to automatically clone Git repositories on the
initial setup of the machine, and periodically running commands like
@command{rsync} to sync data with another host. This functionality is
still in an experimental stage, though.
@end itemize
@menu
* Declaring the Home Environment:: Customizing your Home.
* Configuring the Shell:: Enabling home environment.
* Home Services:: Specifying home services.
* Invoking guix home:: Instantiating a home configuration.
@end menu
@node Declaring the Home Environment
@section Declaring the Home Environment
The home environment is configured by providing a
@code{home-environment} declaration in a file that can be passed to the
@command{guix home} command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}). A simple
setup can include Bash and a custom text configuration, like in the
example below. Don't be afraid to declare home environment parts, which
overlaps with your current dotfiles, before installing any configuration
files, Guix Home will back up existing config files to a separate place
in the home folder.
@quotation Note
It is highly recommended that you manage your shell or shells with Guix
Home, because it will make sure that all the necessary scripts are
sourced by the shell configuration file. Otherwise you will need to do
it manually. (@pxref{Configuring the Shell}).
@end quotation
@findex home-environment
@lisp
@include he-config-bare-bones.scm
@end lisp
The @code{packages} field should be self-explanatory, it will install
the list of packages into the user's profile. The most important field
is @code{services}, it contains a list of @dfn{home services}, which are
the basic building blocks of a home environment.
There is no daemon (at least not necessarily) related to a home service,
a home service is just an element that is used to declare part of home
environment and extend other parts of it. The extension mechanism
discussed in the previous chapter (@pxref{Defining Services}) should not
be confused with @ref{Shepherd Services}. Using this extension
mechanism and some Scheme code that glues things together gives the user
the freedom to declare their own, very custom, home environments.
@node Configuring the Shell
@section Configuring the Shell
This section is safe to skip if your shell or shells are managed by
Guix Home. Otherwise, read it carefully.
There are a few scripts that must be evaluated by a login shell to
activate the home environment. The shell startup files only read by
login shells often have @code{profile} suffix. For more information
about login shells see @ref{Invoking Bash,,, bash, The GNU Bash
Reference Manual} and see @ref{Bash Startup Files,,, bash, The GNU Bash
Reference Manual}.
The first script that needs to be sourced is @file{setup-environment},
which sets all the necessary environment variables (including variables
declared by the user) and the second one is @file{on-first-login}, which
starts Shepherd for the current user and performs actions declared by
other home services that extends
@code{home-run-on-first-login-service-type}.
Guix Home will always create @file{~/.profile}, which contains the
following lines:
@example
HOME_ENVIRONMENT=$HOME/.guix-home
. $HOME_ENVIRONMENT/setup-environment
$HOME_ENVIRONMENT/on-first-login
@end example
This makes POSIX compliant login shells activate the home environment.
However, in most cases this file won't be read by most modern shells,
because they are run in non POSIX mode by default and have their own
@file{*profile} startup files. For example Bash will prefer
@file{~/.bash_profile} in case it exists and only if it doesn't will it
fallback to @file{~/.profile}. Zsh (if no additional options are
specified) will ignore @file{~/.profile}, even if @file{~/.zprofile}
doesn't exist.
To make your shell respect @file{~/.profile}, add @code{. ~/.profile} or
@code{source ~/profile} to the startup file for the login shell. In
case of Bash, it is @file{~/.bash_profile}, and in case of Zsh, it is
@file{~/.zprofile}.
@quotation Note
This step is only required if your shell is NOT managed by Guix Home.
Otherwise, everything will be done automatically.
@end quotation
@node Home Services
@section Home Services
@cindex home services
A @dfn{home service} is not necessarily something that has a daemon and
is managed by Shepherd (@pxref{Jump Start,,, shepherd, The GNU Shepherd
Manual}), in most cases it doesn't. It's a simple building block of the
home environment, often declaring a set of packages to be installed in
the home environment profile, a set of config files to be symlinked into
@env{XDG_CONFIG_HOME} (@file{~/.config} by default), and environment
variables to be set by a login shell.
There is a service extension mechanism (@pxref{Service Composition})
which allows home services to extend other home services and utilize
capabilities they provide; for example: declare mcron jobs
(@pxref{Top,,, mcron, GNU@tie{}Mcron}) by extending @ref{Mcron Home
Service}; declare daemons by extending @ref{Shepherd Home Service}; add
commands, which will be invoked on by the Bash by extending
@ref{Shells Home Services, @code{home-bash-service-type}}.
A good way to discover avaliable home services is using the
@command{guix home search} command (@pxref{Invoking guix home}). After
the required home services are found, include its module with the
@code{use-modules} form (@pxref{use-modules,, Using Guile Modules,
guile, The GNU Guile Reference Manual}), or the @code{#:use-modules}
directive (@pxref{define-module,, Creating Guile Modules, guile, The GNU
Guile Reference Manual}) and declare a home service using the
@code{service} function, or extend a service type by declaring a new
service with the @code{simple-service} procedure from @code{(gnu
services)}.
@menu
* Essential Home Services:: Environment variables, packages, on-* scripts.
* Shells: Shells Home Services. POSIX shells, Bash, Zsh.
* Mcron: Mcron Home Service. Scheduled User's Job Execution.
* Shepherd: Shepherd Home Service. Managing User's Daemons.
@end menu
@c In addition to that Home Services can provide
@node Essential Home Services
@subsection Essential Home Services
There are a few essential services defined in @code{(gnu
home-services)}, they are mostly for internal use and are required to
build a home environment, but some of them will be useful for the end
user.
@cindex environment variables
@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-environment-variables-service-type
The service of this type will be instantiated by every home environment
automatically by default, there is no need to define it, but someone may
want to extend it with a list of pairs to set some environment
variables.
@lisp
(list ("ENV_VAR1" . "value1")
("ENV_VAR2" . "value2"))
@end lisp
The easiest way to extend a service type, without defining new service
type is to use the @code{simple-service} helper from @code{(gnu
services)}.
@lisp
(simple-service 'some-useful-env-vars-service
home-environment-variables-service-type
`(("LESSHISTFILE" . "$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.lesshst")
("SHELL" . ,(file-append zsh "/bin/zsh"))
("USELESS_VAR" . #f)
("_JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING" . #t)))
@end lisp
If you include such a service in you home environment definition, it
will add the following content to the @file{setup-environment} script
(which is expected to be sourced by the login shell):
@example
export LESSHISTFILE=$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.lesshst
export SHELL=/gnu/store/2hsg15n644f0glrcbkb1kqknmmqdar03-zsh-5.8/bin/zsh
export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING
@end example
@quotation Note
Make sure that module @code{(gnu packages shells)} is imported with
@code{use-modules} or any other way, this namespace contains the
definition of the @code{zsh} packages, which is used in the example
above.
@end quotation
The association list (@pxref{Association Lists, alists, Association
Lists, guile, The GNU Guile Reference manual}) is a data structure
containing key-value pairs, for
@code{home-environment-variables-service-type} the key is always a
string, the value can be a string, string-valued gexp
(@pxref{G-Expressions}), file-like object (@pxref{G-Expressions,
file-like object}) or boolean. For gexps, the variable will be set to
the value of the gexp; for file-like objects, it will be set to the path
of the file in the store (@pxref{The Store}); for @code{#t}, it will
export the variable without any value; and for @code{#f}, it will omit
variable.
@end defvr
@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-profile-service-type
The service of this type will be instantiated by every home environment
automatically, there is no need to define it, but you may want to extend
it with a list of packages if you want to install additional packages
into your profile. Other services, which need to make some programs
avaliable to the user will also extend this service type.
The extension value is just a list of packages:
@lisp
(list htop vim emacs)
@end lisp
The same approach as @code{simple-service} (@pxref{Service Reference,
simple-service}) for @code{home-environment-variables-service-type} can
be used here, too. Make sure that modules containing the specified
packages are imported with @code{use-modules}. To find a package or
information about its module use @command{guix search} (@pxref{Invoking
guix package}). Alternatively, @code{specification->package} can be
used to get the package record from string without importing related
module.
@end defvr
There are few more essential services, but users are not expected to
extend them.
@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-service-type
The root of home services DAG, it generates a folder, which later will be
symlinked to @file{~/.guix-home}, it contains configurations,
profile with binaries and libraries, and some necessary scripts to glue
things together.
@end defvr
@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-run-on-first-login-service-type
The service of this type generates a Guile script, which is expected to
be executed by the login shell. It is only executed if the special flag
file inside @env{XDG_RUNTIME_DIR} hasn't been created, this prevents
redundant executions of the script if multiple login shells are spawned.
It can be extended with a gexp. However, to autostart an application,
users @emph{should not} use this service, in most cases it's better to extend
@code{home-shpeherd-service-type} with a Shepherd service
(@pxref{Shepherd Services}), or extend the shell's startup file with
required command using the appropriate service type.
@end defvr
@defvr {Scheme Variable} home-activation-service-type
The service of this type generates a guile script, which runs on every
@command{guix home reconfigure} invocation or any other action, which
leads to the activation of the home environment.
@end defvr
@node Shells Home Services
@subsection Shells
@cindex shell
@cindex login shell
@cindex interactive shell
@cindex bash
@cindex zsh
Shells play a quite important role in the environment initialization
process, you can configure them manually as described in section
@ref{Configuring the Shell}, but the recommended way is to use home services
listed below. It's both easier and more reliable.
Each home environment instantiates
@code{home-shell-profile-service-type}, which creates a
@file{~/.profile} startup file for all POSIX-compatible shells. This
file contains all the necessary steps to properly initialize the
environment, but many modern shells like Bash or Zsh prefer their own
startup files, that's why the respective home services
(@code{home-bash-service-type} and @code{home-zsh-service-type}) ensure
that @file{~/.profile} is sourced by @file{~/.bash_profile} and
@file{~/.zprofile}, respectively.
@subsubheading Shell Profile Service
@deftp {Data Type} home-shell-profile-configuration
Available @code{home-shell-profile-configuration} fields are:
@table @asis
@item @code{profile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
@code{home-shell-profile} is instantiated automatically by
@code{home-environment}, DO NOT create this service manually, it can
only be extended. @code{profile} is a list of strings or gexps, which
will go to @file{~/.profile}. By default @file{~/.profile} contains the
initialization code, which have to be evaluated by login shell to make
home-environment's profile avaliable to the user, but other commands can
be added to the file if it is really necessary. In most cases shell's
configuration files are preferred places for user's customizations.
Extend home-shell-profile service only if you really know what you do.
@end table
@end deftp
@subsubheading Bash Home Service
@deftp {Data Type} home-bash-configuration
Available @code{home-bash-configuration} fields are:
@table @asis
@item @code{package} (default: @code{bash}) (type: package)
The Bash package to use.
@item @code{guix-defaults?} (default: @code{#t}) (type: boolean)
Add sane defaults like reading @file{/etc/bashrc}, coloring output for
@code{ls} provided by guix to @file{.bashrc}.
@item @code{environment-variables} (default: @code{()}) (type: alist)
Association list of environment variables to set for the Bash session.
@item @code{bash-profile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bash_profile}.
Used for executing user's commands at start of login shell (In most
cases the shell started on tty just after login). @file{.bash_login}
won't be ever read, because @file{.bash_profile} always present.
@item @code{bashrc} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bashrc}. Used
for executing user's commands at start of interactive shell (The shell
for interactive usage started by typing @code{bash} or by terminal app
or any other program).
@item @code{bash-logout} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.bash_logout}.
Used for executing user's commands at the exit of login shell. It won't
be read in some cases (if the shell terminates by exec'ing another
process for example).
@end table
@end deftp
@subsubheading Zsh Home Service
@deftp {Data Type} home-zsh-configuration
Available @code{home-zsh-configuration} fields are:
@table @asis
@item @code{package} (default: @code{zsh}) (type: package)
The Zsh package to use.
@item @code{xdg-flavor?} (default: @code{#t}) (type: boolean)
Place all the configs to @file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh}. Makes
@file{~/.zshenv} to set @env{ZDOTDIR} to @file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh}.
Shell startup process will continue with
@file{$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshenv}.
@item @code{environment-variables} (default: @code{()}) (type: alist)
Association list of environment variables to set for the Zsh session.
@item @code{zshenv} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zshenv}. Used
for setting user's shell environment variables. Must not contain
commands assuming the presence of tty or producing output. Will be read
always. Will be read before any other file in @env{ZDOTDIR}.
@item @code{zprofile} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zprofile}. Used
for executing user's commands at start of login shell (In most cases the
shell started on tty just after login). Will be read before
@file{.zlogin}.
@item @code{zshrc} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zshrc}. Used
for executing user's commands at start of interactive shell (The shell
for interactive usage started by typing @code{zsh} or by terminal app or
any other program).
@item @code{zlogin} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zlogin}. Used
for executing user's commands at the end of starting process of login
shell.
@item @code{zlogout} (default: @code{()}) (type: text-config)
List of strings or gexps, which will be added to @file{.zlogout}. Used
for executing user's commands at the exit of login shell. It won't be
read in some cases (if the shell terminates by exec'ing another process
for example).
@end table
@end deftp
@node Mcron Home Service
@subsection Scheduled User's Job Execution
@cindex cron
@cindex mcron
@cindex scheduling jobs
mcron info here
@node Shepherd Home Service
@subsection Managing User's Daemons
shepherd info here
@node Invoking guix home
@section Invoking @code{guix home}
Once you have written a home environment declaration (@pxref{Declaring
the Home Environment,,,,}, it can be @dfn{instantiated} using the
@command{guix home} command. The synopsis is:
@example
guix home @var{options}@dots{} @var{action} @var{file}
@end example
@var{file} must be the name of a file containing a
@code{home-environment} declaration. @var{action} specifies how the
home environment is instantiated, but there are few auxuliary actions
which don't instantiate it. Currently the following values are
supported:
@table @code
@item search
Display available home service type definitions that match the given
regular expressions, sorted by relevance:
@cindex shell
@cindex shell-profile
@cindex bash
@cindex zsh
@example
$ guix home search shell
name: home-shell-profile
location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:73:2
extends: home-files
description: Create `~/.profile', which is used for environment initialization
+ of POSIX compatible login shells. Can be extended with a list of strings or
+ gexps.
relevance: 6
name: home-zsh-plugin-manager
location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:28:2
extends: home-zsh home-profile
description: Install plugins in profile and configure Zsh to load them.
relevance: 1
name: home-zsh-direnv
location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:69:2
extends: home-profile home-zsh
description: Enables `direnv' for `zsh'. Adds hook to `.zshrc' and installs a
+ package in the profile.
relevance: 1
name: home-zsh-autosuggestions
location: gnu/home-services/shellutils.scm:43:2
extends: home-zsh-plugin-manager home-zsh
description: Enables Fish-like fast/unobtrusive autosuggestions for `zsh' and
+ sets reasonable default values for some plugin's variables to improve perfomance
+ and adjust behavior: `(history completion)' is set for strategy, manual rebind
+ and async are enabled.
relevance: 1
name: home-zsh
location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:236:2
extends: home-files home-profile
description: Install and configure Zsh.
relevance: 1
name: home-bash
location: gnu/home-services/shells.scm:388:2
extends: home-files home-profile
description: Install and configure Bash.
relevance: 1
@dots{}
@end example
As for @command{guix package --search}, the result is written in
@code{recutils} format, which makes it easy to filter the output
(@pxref{Top, GNU recutils databases,, recutils, GNU recutils manual}).
@item reconfigure
Build the home environment described in @var{file}, and switch to it.
Switching means that the activation script will be evaluated and (in
basic scenario) symlinks to configuration files generated from
@code{home-environment} declaration will be created in @file{~}. If the
file with the same path already exists in home folder it will be moved
to @file{~/TIMESTAMP-guix-home-legacy-configs-backup}, where TIMESTAMP
is a current UNIX epoch time.
@quotation Note
It is highly recommended to run @command{guix pull} once before you run
@command{guix home reconfigure} for the first time (@pxref{Invoking guix
pull}).
@end quotation
This effects all the configuration specified in @var{file}. The command
starts Shepherd services specified in @var{file} that are not currently
running; if a service is currently running, this command will arrange
for it to be upgraded the next time it is stopped (e.g.@: by @code{herd
stop X} or @code{herd restart X}).
This command creates a new generation whose number is one greater than
the current generation (as reported by @command{guix home
list-generations}). If that generation already exists, it will be
overwritten. This behavior mirrors that of @command{guix package}
(@pxref{Invoking guix package}).
@cindex provenance tracking, of the home environment
Upon completion, the new home is deployed under @file{~/.guix-home}.
This directory contains @dfn{provenance meta-data}: the list of channels
in use (@pxref{Channels}) and @var{file} itself, when available. You
can view the provenance information by running:
@example
guix home describe
@end example
This information is useful should you later want to inspect how this
particular generation was built. In fact, assuming @var{file} is
self-contained, you can later rebuild generation @var{n} of your
home environment with:
@example
guix time-machine \
-C /var/guix/profiles/per-user/@var{USER}/guix-home-@var{n}-link/channels.scm -- \
home reconfigure \
/var/guix/profiles/per-user/@var{USER}/guix-home-@var{n}-link/configuration.scm
@end example
You can think of it as some sort of built-in version control! Your
home is not just a binary artifact: @emph{it carries its own source}.
@c @xref{Service Reference, @code{provenance-service-type}}, for more
@c information on provenance tracking.
@c @footnote{This action (and the related actions
@c @code{switch-generation} and @code{roll-back}) are usable after the
@c home environment is initialized.}.
@item switch-generation
@cindex home generations
Switch to an existing home generation. This action atomically switches
the home profile to the specified home generation.
The target generation can be specified explicitly by its generation
number. For example, the following invocation would switch to home
generation 7:
@example
guix home switch-generation 7
@end example
The target generation can also be specified relative to the current
generation with the form @code{+N} or @code{-N}, where @code{+3} means
``3 generations ahead of the current generation,'' and @code{-1} means
``1 generation prior to the current generation.'' When specifying a
negative value such as @code{-1}, you must precede it with @code{--} to
prevent it from being parsed as an option. For example:
@example
guix home switch-generation -- -1
@end example
This action will fail if the specified generation does not exist.
@item roll-back
@cindex rolling back
Switch to the preceding home generation. This is the inverse
of @command{reconfigure}, and it is exactly the same as invoking
@command{switch-generation} with an argument of @code{-1}.
@item delete-generations
@cindex deleting home generations
@cindex saving space
Delete home generations, making them candidates for garbage collection
(@pxref{Invoking guix gc}, for information on how to run the ``garbage
collector'').
This works in the same way as @samp{guix package --delete-generations}
(@pxref{Invoking guix package, @option{--delete-generations}}). With no
arguments, all home generations but the current one are deleted:
@example
guix home delete-generations
@end example
You can also select the generations you want to delete. The example below
deletes all the home generations that are more than two month old:
@example
guix home delete-generations 2m
@end example
@item build
Build the derivation of the home environment, which includes all the
configuration files and programs needed. This action does not actually
install anything.
@item describe
Describe the current home generation: its file name, as well as
provenance information when available.
@item list-generations
List a summary of each generation of the home environment available on
disk, in a human-readable way. This is similar to the
@option{--list-generations} option of @command{guix package}
(@pxref{Invoking guix package}).
Optionally, one can specify a pattern, with the same syntax that is used
in @command{guix package --list-generations}, to restrict the list of
generations displayed. For instance, the following command displays
generations that are up to 10 days old:
@example
$ guix home list-generations 10d
@end example
@end table
@node Documentation
@chapter Documentation

24
doc/he-config-bare-bones.scm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
(use-modules (gnu home)
(gnu home-services)
(gnu home-services shells)
(gnu services)
(gnu packages admin)
(guix gexp))
(home-environment
(packages (list htop))
(services
(list
(service home-bash-service-type
(home-bash-configuration
(guix-defaults? #t)
(bash-profile '("\
export HISTFILE=$XDG_CACHE_HOME/.bash_history"))))
(simple-service 'test-config
home-files-service-type
(list `("config/test.conf"
,(plain-file "tmp-file.txt"
"the content of ~/.config/test.conf")))))))