00-standards: english translation

42/poweruser-league/mod0/00-standards.en.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Standards
+
+## UNIX
+
+- In a nutshell, what is it?
+- Some examples of UNIX?
+- What does UNIX-like means and what does it apply to?
+
+## POSIX (UNIX)
+
+Portable Operating System Interface:
+
+- In a few words, what does it defines?
+- What's the use of the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT?
+- Give an example of divergence from the standard of GNU tools
+
+## FHS (Linux mainly)
+
+[Filesystem Hierarchy Standard](https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml)
+
+- What does it define?
+- Consider these cases and tell me where you would save or find the data:
+  - The system essential binaries for privileged users?
+  - The Linux kernel?
+  - Information about running processes?
+  - Imagine you want to install Oracle's JDK. Where would you save the data?
+  - You need to change a kernel runtime option. Normaly you would use
+      `sysctl`, but it's equivalent to write to some specific file. Now, you
+      to set `net.ipv4.ip_forward` to 1. How would you do it without `sysctl`?
+  - You manually build and install an application for all users. In Which folder
+      would you put its binaries?.
+  - Some system service write data during their runtime. Where would be stored
+      the following data?
+    - log files
+    - print queues
+    - cache memory
+  - It is common for system services to have a _PID file_ or an _UNIX socket_.
+    Where can you usually find them?
+
+## freedesktop.org / XDG
+
+- What is it for?
+- Where are user application settings stored?
+- How do you change the default browser?
+- What are `.desktop` files, and where the user can add their custom ones?
+- What are `dbus` and `MPRIS`?
+
+## Conclusió
+
+- Why follow these standards?

42/poweruser-league/mod0/00-standards.md

@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ Portable Operating System Interface:
   - El nucli Linux?
   - Informacions sobre els processos corrents?
   - Imagina't que vols instal·lar el JDK d'Oracle. On en desaries les dades?
-  - Has de canviar una opció de temps d'execució del nucli. Per això fas servir
-      `sysctl`, però és equivalent a escriure a un arxiu. Ara vols posar el valor
-      1 a l'opció `net.ipv4.ip_forward`. Com ho faries sense `sysctl`?
+  - Has de canviar una opció de temps d'execució del nucli. Normalment fariem
+      servir `sysctl`, però és equivalent a escriure a un arxiu específic. Si
+      vols posar el valor 1 a l'opció `net.ipv4.ip_forward`, com ho faries sense
+      `sysctl`?
   - Compiles i instal·les manualment una aplicació per a tots els usuaris.
-      Quina carpeta faries servir?
-  - Hi ha servei del sistema que han d'escriure dades durant llur execució. On
+      En quina carpeta aniran els binaris?
+  - Hi ha servei del sistema que escriuren dades durant llur execució. On
       serien desades les dades següents?
     - log files
     - cues d'impressió
@@ -47,4 +48,4 @@ Portable Operating System Interface:
 
 ## Conclusió
 
-- A què us podran servir aquestes normes?
+- Per què seguir aquests estàndards?