Write about pronouns

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Ngô Ngọc Đức Huy 2021-04-25 21:37:54 +07:00
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Genitive case is used to express possession or relation.
> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.hab book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg
> this-nom.sg be.ind.prs.cnt book-nom.wo.sg I-gen.ea.sg
> *This is my book.*
>
> this-nom.wo.sg book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.hab I-gen.ea.sg
> this-nom.wo.sg book-nom.wo.sg be.ind.prs.cnt I-gen.ea.sg
> *This book is mine.*
*Relations* also include relations constructed by postposition.

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# Pronoun
Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not strictly.
Pronouns are nominal anaphora, that is, short words that are used to refer to a
noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns usually have nominal morphology, though not
strictly. Pronoun is a closed class.
## Personal pronouns
There are 15 personal pronouns in total. Dual pronouns and 1st person
inclusive pronouns are in fact formed by compounding others.
| person | singular | dual | several | plural |
|--------|----------|----------|---------|----------|
| 1st | fènsy | fènvynsỳ | jaächsỳ | rèëchsý |
| 1st (inclusive) | | fèndynsỳ | jaächdynsỳ | rèëchdynsý |
| 2nd | tènsy | tèndynsỳ | néëcsỳ | ngeënsý |
| 3rd | lúcsy | lúccynsỳ | bóönsỳ | waanjsý |
### Reflexive
Reflexive pronouns occur as clitic. They are formed by removing the gender
vowel and number tone from corresponding personal pronoun.
> I-nom.wo.sg I-acc-look-ind.pst.cnt mirror-dat.mt.sg
> *I was looking at myself in the mirror.*
It also works for indirect object:
> he-nom.wo.sg he-dat-buy-ind.fut.prf birthday-gift-acc.ea.sg
> *He'll just buy himself a birthday gift.*
There is a difference between reflexive and reciprocal for plural pronouns.
> you-nom.dual you-acc.sg-love-ind.prs.cnt
> *You love yourselves*
>
> you-nom.dual you-acc.dual-love-ind.prs.cnt
> *You love each other.*
Note: there is also a idiomatic use of reflexive pronouns:
> I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-be.ind.pres.cnt
> *I am alone.*
>
> car-acc.mt.sg I-nom.wa.sg I-gen-repair.ind.pst.prf
> *I fixed the car myself.*
## Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are best organized in a table:
| | | query | proximal | distal | indefinite | collective | relative |
|---------|-|-------|----------|--------|------------|------------|----------|
| | | -an- | -em- | -es- | -im- | -om- | -y- |
| time | t- | tan- | tem- | tes- | tim- | tom- | ty- |
| place| f- | fan- | fem- | fes- | fim- | fom- | fy- |
| manner| z-| zan- | zem- | zes- | zim- | zom- | zy- |
| possessive | k- | kan- | kem-| kes- | kim- | kom- | ky- |
| what, who | s- | san- | sem- | ses- | sim- | som- | sy- |
| which | l-| lan- | lem- | les- | lim- | lom- | ly- |
| demonstrative | r-| ran-| rem- | res- | rim- | rom- | ry- |
TODO: Add explanation
Relative pronouns occur as clitics, in the same manner reflexive pronouns do.
> I-nom-fi-sg know-ind.prs.cnt woman-acc-wa.sg rel-help-ind.pst.prf you-acc-wa-sg
> *I know the woman who helped you.*
Other pronouns are used in similar way to personal pronouns.

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# Verb
## Tense