7/15/93
vnterm has been "ported" to be base on the latest X11R5 xterm source
that I have. It has only been tested on SGI IRIX 5.0 alpha.
Theoretically, it should compile on other SVR4 derived OS.
Any problem, contact me as I am responsible for this particular
version of vnterm. Email to tin@saigon.com
Tin Le
--------------------------
If you received this program in source form and must compile it,
please follow the compile instructions below. If you received
the program in executable format, please skip directly to the
XDEFAULTS section below.
The files VIQR.7 and VISCII.8 contain samples of Vietnamese
text that conform to the Viet-Std encoding specifications,
with which Vnterm complies.
--------
COMPILE INSTRUCTIONS:
To compile this program, first try
% xmkmf
% /bin/make
If your system is properly set up for X and imake, that should be
sufficient. However, some systems are not correctly set up,
and for that we have provided the script "make" that summarizes
the important parameters you need to set for your system.
Edit "Doimake" and "make" as appropriate, and run
% Doimake
% ./Make Makefile
% ./Make
Sparc users note: your system libraries may require the -ldl
option added at the final linking step. A simple fix for this
is to edit your Imakefile/Makefile, and change the definition
VNLIBS = $(VNLIBDIR)/libviqr.a $(VNLIBDIR)/libvntype.a
to
VNLIBS = -ldl $(VNLIBDIR)/libviqr.a $(VNLIBDIR)/libvntype.a
If you still have trouble, make a transcript of your compile
attempt,
% script
% ....
% exit
and mail it to trichlor@haydn.Stanford.EDU, along with your questions.
--------
XDEFAULTS:
Sample settings to be placed in your .Xdefaults file for vnterm
is provided in the file "Xdefaults."
> vnterm*font: vn-r14
This sets the font for "vnterm" to "vn-r14" whenever you
run it.
> vnterm*vnFilterKeyboard: on
This enables the Vietnamese keyboard.
> vnterm*vnFilterScreen: off
This disables the screen-filter mode. When this mode is enabled,
instead of displaying the true characters, vnterm will display them
as Vietnamese characters according to the VIQR standard (Viet-Net
like, see below under KEYBOARD INSTRUCTIONS). This is useful if
you're reading Vietnamese mail or Soc.Culture.Vietnamese messages
where people type things like:
DDa^y la` tie^'ng Vie^.t.
By having the screen filter ON, you will see this as true Vietnamese
characters. Of course, you won't need the filter on if the characters
are already true Vietnamese data (according to the Viet-Std 8-bit
VISCII standard).
One hitch: occasionally, some magic strings will cause the
Vietnamese screen filter to switch language modes (see below,
under KEYBOARD INSTRUCTIONS) and it will no longer combine
characters to form Vietnamese. "This is not a bug, it is a feature."
If you want to get back to Vietnamese mode for screen filtering,
the simplest way is to go to the pop-up menu (CTRL-MIDDLE MOUSE)
and turn the screen filter off, then on again.
--------
FONT INSTRUCTIONS:
Vnterm.3.0 requires the availability of Vietnamese X fonts.
Such fonts can be found under the "fonts/X" directory of the
TriChlor distribution. Installation of the fonts is a 4-step
process, which is partially taken care of by the Makefile
in the fonts/X directory:
1. Convert the BDF format to SNF (server normal format),
with "bdftosnf <fontfile>.bdf > <fontfile>.snf".
The Makefile under fonts/X takes care of this automatically.
This is also automatically taken care of if you run
a compilation of vnterm. However, if you retrieved
vnterm in its executable form, you must go to the
fonts/X directory and run "make all".
2. Make a listing of your fonts in the directory so the
X server can read it, with "mkfontdir". The Makefile
takes care of this automatically.
3. Tell the X server where to find your font directory,
with "xset +fp <your_font_directory>". The Makefile
does NOT do this, as you may wish to place your fonts
somewhere other than in the directory where they were compiled.
Remember that <your_font_directory> refers to
where the X server is running, which is NOT necessarily
the machine you are logged into. If this doesn't make
much sense, don't worry, just plow ahead with the installation.
If it doesn't work, you'll know this is one possible
reason why. In case of doubt, ask your local X guru.
4. Set the font for the "vnterm" program to that font.
For example, if you have the font "vn-r14",
either issue the command
% vnterm -fn vn-r14
of place the following line in your .Xdefaults:
vnterm*font: vn-r14
If you have trouble with the font installation, try seeking help
from a local X guru who knows the particulars of your environment.
We can be reached for further consultation at the mail alias
TriChlor@haydn.Stanford.EDU.
Particulars:
X11/NeWS: the server has its own font format that can be generated
with the command "convertfont".
NFS users:make sure your font files are accessible by everyone. This
means a minimum of:
(a) all directories in the path to your font files must
be executable by everyone. This means a minimum of:
% chmod go+x <dir>
for all directory components.
(b) all font files readable by everyone:
% chmod go+r *
in the font directory.
X-terminals: recently X-terminals have become increasingly available.
X-terminals typically boot up getting files from a file server,
in particular its font files. This poses a thorny problem:
how do you install a new font for these displays? The user
typically does not have access to the file system where the
X-terminal looks for its fonts.
If you know where your X terminal looks for its fonts
(at least which file system), and have write access to
it, you're okay, because you can place your fonts there
and tell the X terminal server proram to look there.
If you do know where it looks for fonts, but don't have
access to it, OR, if you don't know where it looks for fonts,
there is nothing you can do short of contacting the
guru who manages your X terminal. He or she will be
able to put the Vietnames font file in the right places
--------
KEYBOARD INSTRUCTIONS:
Vnterm starts up in Vietnamese typing mode. There are two other
modes, English and Literal, (according to the Viet-Std VIQR standard)
each of which is initiated as described below:
Typing instructions:
\v: Start Vietnamese mode, where Viet-Net style input is supported,
for example:
Ca' kho^ng a(n muo^'i ca' u+o+ng
Con ca~i cha me. tra(m ddu+o+`ng con hu+\.
To prevent composition, use "\". The example above shows
"hu+\." which tells Vnterm that the ending period is
a period and not a Vietnamese dot-below (da^'u na(.ng).
The diacritics (da^'u) are:
( breve da^'u tra(ng, a('
^ circumflex da^'u mu~, a^'
+ horn da^'u mo'c, o+
' acute da^'u sa('c
` grave da^'u huye^`n
? hook above da^'u ho?i
~ tilde da^'u nga~
. dot below da^'u na(.ng
\m: Start English mode, where Viet-Net style input is supported,
but must be explicitly announced with a "\", for example:
C\a' kh\o^ng \a(n mu\o^'i c\a' \u+\o+ng
Con c\a~i cha m\e. tr\a(m \dd\u+\o+`ng con h\u+\.
This mode is useful if you type mostly English and don't
want the trouble of having to type "\" to escape composition
all the time.
\l: starts Literal mode, almost all keys are passed literally.
For complete details, please see the Viet-Std documents
published elsewhere. Contact "viet-std@haydn.Stanford.EDU"
if you would like a copy.
To turn off keyboard filtering completely, use the pop-up menu
using CTRL-middle (hold down Control key while pressing the middle
mouse button), and highlight the option "Enable Vietnamese keys."
If there is a check mark next to it, the Vietnamese keyboard filtering
is in effect. Otherwise, it has been turned off.
--------
DISPLAY INSTRUCTIONS:
Vnterm also supports a Screen-Filter mode which will convert
the displayed text to Vietnamese as appropriate. This is useful
if you are reading Soc.Culture.Vietnamese or something similar.
To use this, bring up the pop-up menu, also using CTRL-middle,
and highlight the "Use Vietnamese screen" option so that there
is a check mark next to it. From then on if you read a message
with Vietnamese mnemonics in it, it will display as true Vietnamese
characters. NOTE: the screen filter also switches modes like
the keyboard filter, so that if you happen to read a message
with the string "\l" or "\m" in it, it will put the filter in
Literal or English mode, respectively. Subsequently, the
Vietnamese mnemonics will no longer display as Vietnamese.
A simple way to get the screen filter back to Vietnamese mode
is to turn it off, then on again, using the pop-up menu.
--------
TTY settings:
Some of the newer shells try to be "smart" and will actually
reset your terminal characteristics, even though vnterm attempts
to set them correctly on start-up. This requires you to manually
set:
% stty pass8 cs8 -istrip
You may find it convenient to place the line above in your
.cshrc, which is read every time the C-shell starts up.
In addition, the one of the newest shells we've tested will
actually insist on not passing 8-bit characters, regardless
of the tty settings. Your best bet in this case is to run
an older shell, which may be available on your system as
/bin/csh.
Cu+o+`ng Nguye^~n
