Now with 64bit bzImage and kexec tools, we support ramdisk that size is
bigger than 2g, as we could put it above 4G.
Found compressed initramfs image could not be decompressed properly. It
turns out that image length is int during decompress detection, and it
will become < 0 when length is more than 2G. Furthermore, during
decompressing len as int is used for inbuf count, that has problem too.
Change len to long, that should be ok as on 32 bit platform long is
32bits.
Tested with following compressed initramfs image as root with kexec.
gzip, bzip2, xz, lzma, lzop, lz4.
run time for populate_rootfs():
size name Nehalem-EX Westmere-EX Ivybridge-EX
9034400256 root_img : 26s 24s 30s
3561095057 root_img.lz4 : 28s 27s 27s
3459554629 root_img.lzo : 29s 29s 28s
3219399480 root_img.gz : 64s 62s 49s
2251594592 root_img.xz : 262s 260s 183s
2226366598 root_img.lzma: 386s 376s 277s
2901482513 root_img.bz2 : 635s 599s
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Rashika Kheria <rashika.kheria@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: "Daniel M. Weeks" <dan@danweeks.net>
Cc: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make menuconfig allows one to choose compression format of an initial
ramdisk image. But this choice does not result in duly compressed ramdisk
image. Because - $ make install - does not pass on the selected
compression choice to the dracut(8) tool, which creates the initramfs
file. dracut(8) generates the image with the default compression, ie.
gzip(1).
This patch exports the selected compression option to a sub-shell
environment, so that it could be used by dracut(8) tool to generate
appropriately compressed initramfs images.
There isn't a straightforward way to pass on options to dracut(8) via
positional parameters. Because it is indirectly invoked at the end of a $
make install sequence.
# make install
-> arch/$arch/boot/Makefile
-> arch/$arch/boot/install.sh
-> /sbing/installkernel ...
-> /sbin/new-kernel-pkg ...
-> /sbin/dracut ...
Signed-off-by: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make menuconfig allows one to choose compression format of an initial
ramdisk image. But this choice does not result in duly compressed initial
ramdisk image. Because - $ make install - does not pass on the selected
compression choice to the dracut(8) tool, which creates the initramfs
file. dracut(8) generates the image with the default compression, ie.
gzip(1).
If a user chose any other compression instead of gzip(1), it leads to a
crash due to NULL pointer dereference in crd_load(), caused by a NULL
function pointer returned by the 'decompress_method()' routine. Because
the initramfs image is gzip(1) compressed, whereas the kernel knows only
to decompress the chosen format and not gzip(1).
This patch replaces the crash by an explicit panic() call with an
appropriate error message. This shall prevent the kernel from
eventually panicking in: init/do_mounts.c: mount_block_root() with
-> panic("VFS: Unable to mount root fs on %s", b);
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mention that the problem is with the ramdisk, don't print known-to-be-NULL value]
Signed-off-by: P J P <prasad@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The init/mount.o source files produce a number of sparse warnings of the
type:
warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces)
expected char [noderef] <asn:1>*dev_name
got char *name
This is due to the syscalls expecting some of the arguments to be user
pointers but they are being passed as kernel pointers. This is harmless
but adds a lot of noise to a sparse build.
To limit the noise just disable the sparse checking in the relevant source
files, but still display a warning so that the user knows this has been
done.
Since the sparse checking has been disabled we can also remove the __user
__force casts that are scattered thru the source.
Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
... implemented that way since the next commit will leave it
almost alone in ext2_fs.h - most of the file (including
struct ext2_super_block) is going to move to fs/ext2/ext2.h.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
It is no longer selectable, so remove the check for it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
When a cramfs ramdisk padded with 512 bytes is given to the kernel, the
current identify_ramdisk_image function fails to identify it.
Tested with a padded cramfs image on an ARM based board.
Signed-off-by: Neil Armstrong <narmstrong@neotion.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When calling syscall service routines in kernel, some of arguments should
be user pointers but were missing __user markup on string literals. Add
it. Removes some sparse warnings.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Impact: More consistent behaviour, avoid policy in the kernel
Upgrade/downgrade initrd/initramfs decompression failure from
inconsistently a panic or a KERN_ALERT message to a KERN_EMERG event.
It is, however, possible do design a system which can recover from
this (using the kernel builtin code and/or the internal initramfs),
which means this is policy, not a technical necessity.
A good way to handle this would be to have a panic-level=X option, to
force a panic on a printk above a certain level. That is a separate
patch, however.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Instead of failing to identify a compressed image with a decompressor
that we don't have compiled in, identify it and fail with a
comprehensible panic message.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Centralize the compression format detection to a common routine in the
lib directory, and use it for both initramfs and initrd.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Impact: Code simplification
Instead of open-coding testing for initramfs compression formats, use
a table.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Impact: New code for initramfs decompression, new features
This is the second part of the bzip2/lzma patch
The bzip patch is based on an idea by Christian Ludwig, includes support for
compressing the kernel with bzip2 or lzma rather than gzip. Both
compressors give smaller sizes than gzip. Lzma's decompresses faster
than bzip2.
It also supports ramdisks and initramfs' compressed using these two
compressors.
The functionality has been successfully used for a couple of years by
the udpcast project
This version applies to "tip" kernel 2.6.28
This part contains:
- support for new compressions (bzip2 and lzma) in initramfs and
old-style ramdisk
- config dialog for kernel compression (but new kernel compressions
not yet supported)
Signed-off-by: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
identify_ramdisk_image() returns 0 (not -1) if a gzipped ramdisk is found:
if (buf[0] == 037 && ((buf[1] == 0213) || (buf[1] == 0236))) {
printk(KERN_NOTICE
"RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block %d\n",
start_block);
nblocks = 0;
^^^^^^^^^^^
goto done;
}
...
done:
sys_lseek(fd, start_block * BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
kfree(buf);
return nblocks;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Hence correct the typo in the comment, which has existed since the
addition of compressed ramdisk support in 1.3.48.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Inflate requires some dynamic memory allocation very early in the boot
process and this is provided with a set of four functions:
malloc/free/gzip_mark/gzip_release.
The old inflate code used a mark/release strategy rather than implement
free. This new version instead keeps a count on the number of outstanding
allocations and when it hits zero, it resets the malloc arena.
This allows removing all the mark and release implementations and unifying
all the malloc/free implementations.
The architecture-dependent code must define two addresses:
- free_mem_ptr, the address of the beginning of the area in which
allocations should be made
- free_mem_end_ptr, the address of the end of the area in which
allocations should be made. If set to 0, then no check is made on
the number of allocations, it just grows as much as needed
The architecture-dependent code can also provide an arch_decomp_wdog()
function call. This function will be called several times during the
decompression process, and allow to notify the watchdog that the system is
still running. If an architecture provides such a call, then it must
define ARCH_HAS_DECOMP_WDOG so that the generic inflate code calls
arch_decomp_wdog().
Work initially done by Matt Mackall, updated to a recent version of the
kernel and improved by me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There seems to be little point in explicitly setting, then testing the macro
BUILD_CRAMDISK within the context of a single source file.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
init/do_mounts_rd.c:215:13: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
init/do_mounts_md.c:136:45: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Get rid of sparse related warnings from places that use integer as NULL
pointer.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sanitize some s390 Kconfig options. We have ARCH_S390, ARCH_S390X,
ARCH_S390_31, 64BIT, S390_SUPPORT and COMPAT. Replace these 6 options by
S390, 64BIT and COMPAT.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
