DIRB is a Web Content Scanner. It looks for existing (and/or hidden) Web
Objects. It basically works by launching a dictionary based attack against
a web server and analizing the response.
DIRB comes with a set of preconfigured attack wordlists for easy usage but
you can use your custom wordlists. Also DIRB sometimes can be used as a
classic CGI scanner, but remember is a content scanner not a vulnerability
scanner.
DIRB main purpose is to help in professional web application auditing.
Specially in security related testing. It covers some holes not covered by
classic web vulnerability scanners. DIRB looks for specific web objects
that other generic CGI scanners can't look for. It doesn't search
vulnerabilities nor does it look for web contents that can be vulnerables.