Copy out the notes from the pkgsrc guide, Interix was the only platform which
had notes in the guide which were not already available in its README file.
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$NetBSD: README.Interix,v 1.16 2015/01/19 00:12:43 obache Exp $
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$NetBSD: README.Interix,v 1.17 2016/07/10 01:25:16 sevan Exp $
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Please read the general README file, and the Interix installation
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instructions in the pkgsrc Guide at:
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Interix is a POSIX-compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a
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Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with
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Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free
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for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU
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can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/.
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http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/platforms.html#interix
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Services for Unix 3.5 has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not
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officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is lack of pthreads, but
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other parts of libc may also be lacking.)
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Services for Unix Applications (aka SUA) is an integrated component of Windows
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Server 2003 R2 (5.2), Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 (6.0), Windows 7 and
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Windows Server 2008 R2 (6.1). As of this writing, the SUA's Interix 6.0 (32bit)
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and 6.1 (64bit) subsystems have been tested. Other versions may work as well.
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The Interix 5.x subsystem has not yet been tested with pkgsrc.
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When installing Interix/SFU
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---------------------------
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At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the
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Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:
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Utilities -> Base Utilities
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Interix GNU Components -> (all)
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Remote Connectivity
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Interix SDK
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When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX
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Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local,
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and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a
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binary package).
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The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not
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need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in
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order to have a working inetd.
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During installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior for
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Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive.
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Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without
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case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.)
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NOTE: Newer Windows service packs change the way binary execution works (via the
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Data Execution Prevention feature). In order to use pkgsrc and other
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gcc-compiled binaries reliably, a hotfix containing POSIX.EXE, PSXDLL.DLL,
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PSXRUN.EXE, and PSXSS.EXE (899522 or newer) must be installed. Hotfixes are
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available from Microsoft through a support contract; however, Debian Interix
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Port has made most Interix hotfixes available for personal use from
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http://www.debian-interix.net/hotfixes/.
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In addition to the hotfix noted above, it may be necessary to disable Data
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Execution Prevention entirely to make Interix functional. This may happen only
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with certain types of CPUs; the cause is not fully understood at this time. If
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gcc or other applications still segfault repeatedly after installing one of the
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hotfixes note above, the following option can be added to the appropriate
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"boot.ini" line on the Windows boot drive: /NoExecute=AlwaysOff (WARNING, this
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will disable DEP completely, which may be a security risk if applications are
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often run as a user in the Administrators group!).
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What to do if Interix/SFU is already installed
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----------------------------------------------
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If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with
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pkgsrc, note the following things.
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To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows
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Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or Remove,
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then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl.
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To enable case-sensitivity for the file system, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the
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following registry key:
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel
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Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot.
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To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following
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registry key:
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX
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Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot.
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Important notes for using pkgsrc
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--------------------------------
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The package manager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running "pkg_add")
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must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must also be
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used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal pkgsrc
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requirement of "root".
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The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will automatically
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complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories written in
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/var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable.
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The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an
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older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in
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conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the
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pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of
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binary package.
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The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by
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the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a
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termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides
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adequate emulation in most cases:
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interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi:
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Limitations of the Interix platform
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-----------------------------------
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Though Interix suffices as a familiar and flexible substitute for a full
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Unix-like platform, it has some drawbacks that should be noted for those
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desiring to make the most of Interix.
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X11:
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Interix comes with the standard set of X11R6 client libraries, and can run X11
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based applications, but it does not come with an X server. Some options are
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StarNet X-Win32 http://www.starnet.com/products/xwin32/, Hummingbird Exceed
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http://connectivity.hummingbird.com/products/nc/exceed/ (available in a trimmed
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version for Interix from Interop Systems as the Interop X Server
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http://www.interopsystems.com/InteropXserver.htm), and the free X11 server
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included with Cygwin http://x.cygwin.com/.
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X11 acceleration:
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Because Interix runs in a completely different NT subsystem from Win32
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applications, it does not currently support various X11 protocol extensions for
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acceleration (such as MIT-SHM or DGA). Most interactive applications to a local
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X server will run reasonably fast, but full motion video and other graphics
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intensive applications may require a faster-than-expected CPU.
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Audio:
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Interix has no native support for audio output. For audio support, pkgsrc uses
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the esound client/server audio system on Interix. Unlike on most platforms, the
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audio/esound package does not contain the esd server component. To output audio
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via an Interix host, the emulators/cygwin_esound package must also be installed.
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CD/DVDs, USB, and SCSI:
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Direct device access is not currently supported in Interix, so it is not
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currently possible to access CD/DVD drives, USB devices, or SCSI devices through
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non-filesystem means. Among other things, this makes it impossible to use
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Interix directly for CD/DVD burning.
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Tape drives:
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Due to the same limitations as for CD-ROMs and SCSI devices, tape drives are
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also not directly accessible in Interix. However, support is in work to make
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tape drive access possible by using Cygwin as a bridge (similarly to audio
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bridged via Cygwin's esound server).
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Known issues for pkgsrc on Interix
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----------------------------------
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It is not necessary, in general, to have a "root" user on the Windows system;
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any member of the local Administrators group will suffice. However, some
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packages currently assume that the user named "root" is the privileged user. To
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accommodate these, you may create such a user; make sure it is in the local
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group Administrators (or your language equivalent).
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pkg_add creates directories of mode 0755, not 0775, in $PKG_DBDIR. For the time
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being, install packages as the local Administrator (or your language
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equivalent), or run the following command after installing a package to work
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around the issue:
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# chmod -R g+w $PKG_DBDIR
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