Upstream changes:
0.73 2018-11-15
[ADDED]
- inverse_totient(n) the image of euler_phi(n)
[FIXES]
- Try to work around 32-bit platforms in semiprime approximations.
Cannot reproduce on any of my 32-bit test platforms.
- Fix RT 127605, memory use in for... iterators.
0.72 2018-11-08
[ADDED]
- nth_semiprime(n) the nth semiprime
- nth_semiprime_approx(n) fast approximate nth semiprime
- semiprime_count_approx(n) fast approximate semiprime count
- semi_primes as primes but for semiprimes
- forsetproduct {...} \@a,\@b,... Cartesian product of list refs
[FIXES]
- Some platforms are extremely slow for is_pillai. Speed up tests.
- Ensure random_factored_integer factor list is sorted min->max.
- forcomposites didn't check lastfor on every callback.
- Sun's compilers, in a valid interpretation of the code, generated
divide by zero code for pillai testing.
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- chebyshev_theta and chebyshev_psi redone and uses a table.
Large inputs are significantly faster.
- Convert some FP functions to use quadmath if possible. Without
quadmath there should be no change. With quadmath functions like
LogarithmicIntegral and LambertW will be slower but more accurate.
- semiprime_count for non-trivial inputs uses a segmented sieve and
precalculates primes for larger values so can run 2-3x faster.
- forsemiprimes uses a sieve so large ranges are much faster.
- ranged moebius more efficient for small intervals.
- Thanks to GRAY for his module Set::Product which has clean and
clever XS code, which I used to improve my code.
- forfactored uses multicall. Up to 2x faster.
- forperm, forcomb, forderange uses multicall. 2-3x faster.
- Frobenius-Khashin algorithm changed from 2013 version to 2016/2018.
0.71 2018-08-28
[ADDED]
- forfactored { ... } a,b loop n=a..b setting $_=n, @_=factor(n)
- forsquarefree { ... } a,b as forfactored, but only square-free n
- forsemiprimes { ... } a,b as forcomposites, but only semiprimes
- random_factored_integer(n) random [1..n] w/ array ref of factors
- semiprime_count([lo],hi) counts semiprimes in range
[FIXES]
- Monolithic sieves beyond 30*2^32 (~ 1.2 * 10^11) overflowed.
- is_semiprime was wrong for five small values since 0.69. Fixed.
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- is_primitive_root much faster (doesn't need to calulate totient,
and faster rejection when n has no primitive root).
- znprimroot and znorder use Montgomery, 1.2x to 2x faster.
- slightly faster sieve_range for native size inputs (use factor_one).
- bin/primes.pl faster for palindromic primes and works for 10^17
[OTHER]
- Added ability to use -DBENCH_SEG for benchmarking sieves using
prime_count and ntheory::_segment_pi without table optimizations.
- Reorg of main factor loop. Should be identical from external view.
- Internal change to is_semiprime and is_catalan_pseudoprime.
0.70 2017-12-02
[FIXES]
- prime_count(a,b) incorrect for a={3..7} and b < 66000000.
First appeared in v0.65 (May 2017).
Reported by Trizen. Fixed.
- Also impacted were nth_ramanujan_prime and _lower/_upper for
small input values.
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Some utility functions used prime counts. Unlink for more isolation.
- prime_count_approx uses full precision for bigint or string input.
- LogarithmicIntegral and ExponentialIntegral will try to use
our GMP backend if possible.
- Work around old Math::BigInt::FastCalc (as_int() doesn't work right).
- prime_memfree also calls GMP's memfree function. This will clear the
cached constants (e.g. Pi, Euler).
- Calling srand or csrand will also result in the GMP backend CSPRNG
functions being called. This gives more consistent behavior.
[OTHER]
- Turned off threads testing unless release or extended testing is used.
A few smokers seem to have threads lib that die before we event start.
- Removed all Math::MPFR code and references. The latest GMP backend
has everything we need.
- The MPU_NO_XS and MPU_NO_GMP environment variables are documented.
0.69 2017-11-08
[ADDED]
- is_totient(n) true if euler_phi(x) == n for some x
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- is_square_free uses abs(n), like Pari and moebius.
- is_primitive_root could be wrong with even n on some platforms.
- euler_phi and moebius with negative range inputs weren't consistent.
- factorialmod given a large n and m where m was a composite with
large square factors was incorrect. Fixed.
- numtoperm will accept negative k values (k is always mod n!)
- Split XS mapping of many primality tests. Makes more sense and
improves performance for some calls.
- Split final test in PP cluster sieve.
- Support some new Math::Prime::Util::GMP functions from 0.47.
- C spigot Pi is 30-60% faster on x86_64 by using 32-bit types.
- Reworked some factoring code.
- Remove ISAAC (Perl and C) since we use ChaCha.
- Each thread allocs a new const array again instead of sharing.
0.68 2017-10-19
[API Changes]
- forcomb with one argument iterates over the power set, so k=0..n
instead of k=n. The previous behavior was undocumented. The new
behavior matches Pari/GP (forsubset) and Perl6 (combinations).
[ADDED]
- factorialmod(n,m) n! mod m calculated efficiently
- is_fundamental(d) true if d a fundamental discriminant
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Unknown bigint classes no longer return two values after objectify.
Thanks to Daniel Șuteu for finding this.
- Using lastfor inside a formultiperm works correctly now.
- randperm a little faster for k < n cases, and can handle big n
values without running out of memory as long as k << n.
E.g. 5000 random native ints without dups: @r = randperm(~0,5000);
- forpart with primes pulls min/max values in for a small speedup.
- forderange 10-20% faster.
- hammingweight for bigints 3-8x faster.
- Add Math::GMPq and Math::AnyNum as possible bigint classes. Inputs
of these types will be relied on to stringify correctly, and if this
results in an integer string, to intify correctly. This should give
a large speedup for these types.
- Factoring native integers is 1.2x - 2x faster. This is due to a
number of changes.
- Add Lehman factoring core. Since this is not exported or used by
default, the API for factor_lehman may change.
- All new Montgomery math. Uses mulredc asm from Ben Buhrow.
Faster and smaller. Most primality and factoring code 10% faster.
- Speedup for factoring by running more Pollard-Rho-Brent, revising
SQUFOF, updating HOLF, updating recipe.
0.67 2017-09-23
[ADDED]
- lastfor stops forprimes (etc.) iterations
- is_square(n) returns 1 if n is a perfect square
- is_polygonal(n,k) returns 1 if n is a k-gonal number
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- shuffle prototype is @ instead of ;@, so matches List::Util.
- On Perl 5.8 and earlier we will call PP instead of trying
direct-to-GMP. Works around a bug in XS trying to turn the
result into an object where 5.8.7 and earlier gets lost.
- We create more const integers, which speeds up common uses of
permutations.
- CSPRNG now stores context per-thread rather than using a single
mutex-protected context. This speeds up anything using random
numbers a fair amount, especially with threaded Perls.
- With the above two optimizations, randperm(144) is 2.5x faster.
- threading test has threaded srand/irand test added back in, showing
context is per-thread. Each thread gets its own sequence and calls
to srand/csrand and using randomness doesn't impact other threads.
0.66 2017-09-12
[ADDED]
- random_semiprime random n-bit semiprime (even split)
- random_unrestricted_semiprime random n-bit semiprime
- forderange { ... } n derangements iterator
- numtoperm(n,k) returns kth permutation of n elems
- permtonum([...]) returns rank of permutation array ref
- randperm(n[,k]) random permutation of n elements
- shuffle(...) random permutation of an array
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Rewrite sieve marking based on Kim Walisch's new simple mod-30 sieve.
Similar in many ways to my old code, but this is simpler and faster.
- is_pseudoprime, is_euler_pseudoprime, is_strong_pseudoprime changed to
better handle the unusual case of base >= n.
- Speedup for is_carmichael.
- is_frobenius_underwood_pseudoprime checks for jacobi == 0. Faster.
- Updated Montgomery inverse from Robert Gerbicz.
- Tighter nth prime bounds for large inputs from Axler 2017-06.
Redo Ramanujan bounds since they're based on nth prime bounds.
- chinese objectifies result (i.e. big results are bigints).
- Internal support for Baillie-Wagstaff (pg 1402) extra Lucas tests.
- More standardized Lucas parameter selection. Like other tests and the
1980 paper, checks jacobi(D) in the loop, not gcd(D).
- entropy_bytes, srand, and csrand moved to XS.
- Add -secure import to disallow all manual seeding.
Upstream changes:
0.65 2017-05-03
[API Changes]
- Config options irand and primeinc are deprecated. They will carp if set.
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Add Math::BigInt::Lite to list of known bigint objects.
- sum_primes fix for certain ranges with results near 2^64.
- is_prime, next_prime, prev_prime do a lock-free check for a find-in-cache
optimization. This is a big help on on some platforms with many threads.
- C versions of LogarithmicIntegral and inverse_li rewritten.
inverse_li honors the documentation promise within FP representation.
Thanks to Kim Walisch for motivation and discussion.
- Slightly faster XS nth_prime_approx.
- PP nth_prime_approx uses inverse_li past 1e12, which should run
at a reasonable speed now.
- Adjusted crossover points for segment vs. LMO interval prime_count.
- Slightly tighter prime_count_lower, nth_prime_upper, and Ramanujan bounds.
0.64 2017-04-17
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- inverse_li switched to Halley instead of binary search. Faster.
- Don't call pre-0.46 GMP backend directly for miller_rabin_random.
0.63 2017-04-16
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Moved miller_rabin_random to separate interface.
Make catching of negative bases more explicit.
0.62 2017-04-16
[API Changes]
- The 'irand' config option is removed, as we now use our own CSPRNG.
It can be seeded with csrand() or srand(). The latter is not exported.
- The 'primeinc' config option is deprecated and will go away soon.
[ADDED]
- irand() Returns uniform random 32-bit integer
- irand64() Returns uniform random 64-bit integer
- drand([fmax]) Returns uniform random NV (floating point)
- urandomb(n) Returns uniform random integer less than 2^n
- urandomm(n) Returns uniform random integer in [0, n-1]
- random_bytes(nbytes) Return a string of CSPRNG bytes
- csrand(data) Seed the CSPRNG
- srand([UV]) Insecure seed for the CSPRNG (not exported)
- entropy_bytes(nbytes) Returns data from our entropy source
- :rand Exports srand, rand, irand, irand64
- nth_ramanujan_prime_upper(n) Upper limit of nth Ramanujan prime
- nth_ramanujan_prime_lower(n) Lower limit of nth Ramanujan prime
- nth_ramanujan_prime_approx(n) Approximate nth Ramanujan prime
- ramanujan_prime_count_upper(n) Upper limit of Ramanujan prime count
- ramanujan_prime_count_lower(n) Lower limit of Ramanujan prime count
- ramanujan_prime_count_approx(n) Approximate Ramanujan prime count
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- vecsum is faster when returning a bigint from native inputs (we
construct the 128-bit string in C, then call _to_bigint).
- Add a simple Legendre prime sum using uint128_t, which means only for
modern 64-bit compilers. It allows reasonably fast prime sums for
larger inputs, e.g. 10^12 in 10 seconds. Kim Walisch's primesum is
much more sophisticated and over 100x faster.
- is_pillai about 10x faster for composites.
- Much faster Ramanujan prime count and nth prime. These also now use
vastly less memory even with large inputs.
- small speed ups for cluster sieve.
- faster PP is_semiprime.
- Add prime option to forpart restrictions for all prime / non-prime.
- is_primitive_root needs two args, as documented.
- We do random seeding ourselves now, so remove dependency.
- Random primes functions moved to XS / GMP, 3-10x faster.
0.61 2017-03-12
[ADDED]
- is_semiprime(n) Returns 1 if n has exactly 2 prime factors
- is_pillai(p) Returns 0 or v wherev v! % n == n-1 and n % v != 1
- inverse_li(n) Integer inverse of Logarithmic Integral
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- is_power(-1,k) now returns true for odd k.
- RiemannZeta with GMP was not subtracting 1 from results > 9.
- PP Bernoulli algorithm changed to Seidel from Brent-Harvey. 2x speedup.
Math::BigNum is 10x faster, and our GMP code is 2000x faster.
- LambertW changes in C and PP. Much better initial approximation, and
switch iteration from Halley to Fritsch. 2 to 10x faster.
- Try to use GMP LambertW for bignums if it is available.
- Use Montgomery math in more places:
= sqrtmod. 1.2-1.7x faster.
= is_primitive_root. Up to 2x faster for some inputs.
= p-1 factoring stage 1.
- Tune AKS r/s selection above 32-bit.
- primes.pl uses twin_primes function for ~3x speedup.
- native chinese can handle some cases that used to overflow. Use Shell
sort on moduli to prevent pathological-but-reasonable test case.
- chinese directly to GMP
- Switch to Bytes::Random::Secure::Tiny -- fewer dependencies.
- PP nth_prime_approx has better MSE and uses inverse_li above 10^12.
- All random prime functions will use GMP versions if possible and
if a custom irand has not been configured.
They are much faster than the PP versions at smaller bit sizes.
- is_carmichael and is_pillai small speedups.
Upstream changes:
0.60 2016-10-09
[ADDED]
- vecfirstidx { expr } @n returns first index with expr true
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Expanded and modified prime count sparse tables. Prime counts from 30k
to 90M are 1.2x to 2.5x faster. It has no appreciable effect on the
speed of prime counts larger than this size.
- fromdigits works with bigint first arg, no need to stringify.
Slightly faster for bigints, but slower than desired.
- Various speedups and changes for fromdigits, todigits, todigitstring.
- vecprod in PP for negative high-bit would return double not bigint.
- Lah numbers added as Stirling numbers of the third kind. They've been
in the GMP code for almost 2 years now. Also for big results, directly
call the GMP code and objectify the result.
- Small performance change to AKS (r,s) selection tuning.
- On x86_64, use Montgomery math for Pollard/Brent Rho. This speeds up
factoring significantly for large native inputs (e.g. 10-20 digits).
- Use new GMP zeta and riemannr functions if possible, making some of
our operations much faster without Math::MPFR.
- print_primes with large args will try GMP sieve for big speedup. E.g.
use bigint; print_primes(2e19,2e19+1e7);
goes from 37 minutes to 7 seconds. This also removes a mistaken blank
line at the end for certain ranges.
- PP primes tries to use GMP. Only for calls from other PP code.
- Slightly more accuracy in native ExponentialIntegral.
- Slightly more accuracy in twin_prime_count_approx.
- nth_twin_prime_approx was incorrect over 1e10 and over 2e16 would
infinite loop due to Perl double conversion.
- nth_twin_prime_approx a little faster and more accurate.
Upstream changes:
0.59 2016-08-03
[ADDED]
- is_prime_power Returns k if n=p^k for p a prime.
- logint(n,b) Integer logarithm. Largest e s.t. b^e <= n.
- rootint(n,k) Integer k-th root.
- ramanujan_sum(k,n) Ramanujan's sum
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Fixes for quadmath:
+ Fix "infinity" in t/11-primes.t.
+ Fix native Pi to use quads.
+ Trim some threading tests.
- Fix fromdigits memory error with large string.
- Remove 3 threading tests that were causing issues with Perl -DDEBUGGING.
- foroddcomposites with some odd start values could index incorrectly.
- is_primitive_root(1,0) returns 0 instead of fp exception.
- mertens() uses a little less memory.
- 2x speedup for znlog with bigint values.
- is_pseudoprime() and is_euler_pseudoprime() use Montgomery math so are
much faster. They seem to be ~5% faster than Miller-Rabin now.
- is_catalan_pseudoprime 1.1x to 1.4x faster.
- is_perrin_pseudoprime over 10x faster.
Uses Adams/Shanks doubling and Montgomery math.
Single core, odd composites: ~8M range/s.
- Add restricted Perrin pseudoprimes using an optional argument.
- Add bloom filters to reject non-perfect cubes, fifths, and sevenths.
is_power about 2-3x faster for native inputs.
- forcomposites / foroddcomposites about 1.2x faster past 64-bit.
- exp_mangoldt rewritten to use is_prime_power.
- Integer root code rewritten and now exported.
- We've been hacking around the problem of older Perls autovivifying
functions at compile time. This makes functions that don't exist
return true when asked if they're defined, which causes us distress.
Store the available GMP functions before loading the PP code.
XS code knows MPU::GMP version and calls as appropriate. This works
around the auto-vivication, and lets us choose to call the GMP
function based on version instead of just existence.
E.g. GMP's is_power was added in 0.19, but didn't support negative
powers until 0.28.
Upstream changes:
0.58 2016-05-21
[API Changes]
- prev_prime($n) where $n <= 2 now returns undef instead of 0. This
may enable catching range errors, and is technically more correct.
- nth_prime(0) now returns undef instead of 0. This should help catch
cases where the base wasn't understood. The change is similar for
all the nth_* functions (e.g. nth_twin_prime).
- sumdigits(n,base) will interpret n as a number in the given base,
rather than the Pari/GP method of converting decimal n to that base
then summing. This allows sumdigits to easily sum hex strings.
The old behavior is easily done with vecsum(todigits(n, base)).
- binary() was not intended to be released (todigits and todigitstring
are supersets), but the documentation got left in. Remove docs.
[ADDED]
- addmod(a, b, n) a + b mod n
- mulmod(a, b, n) a * b mod n
- divmod(a, b, n) a / b mod n
- powmod(a, b, n) a ^ b mod n
- sqrtmod(a, n) modular square root
- is_euler_pseudoprime(n,a[...]) Euler test to given bases
- is_primitive_root(r, n) is r a primitive root mod n
- is_quasi_carmichael(n) is n a Quasi-Carmichael number
- hclassno(n) Hurwitz class number H(n) * 12
- sieve_range(n, width, depth) sieve to given depth, return offsets
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Fixed incorrect table entries for 2^16th Ramanujan prime count and
nth_ramanujan_prime(23744).
- foroddcomposites with certain arguments would start with 10 instead of 9.
- lucasu and lucasv should return bigint types.
- vecsum will handle 128-bit sums internally (performance increase).
- Speedup is_carmichael.
- Speedup znprimroot, 10% for small inputs, 10x for large composites.
- Speedup znlog ~2x. It is now Rho racing an interleaved BSGS.
- Change AKS to Bernstein 2003 theorem 4.1.
5-20x faster than Bornemann, 20000+x faster than V6.
- sum_primes now uses tables for native sizes (performance increase).
- ramanujan_tau uses Cohen's hclassno method instead of the sigma
calculation. This is 3-4x faster than the GMP code for inputs > 300k,
and much faster than the older PP code.
- fromdigits much faster for large base-10 arrays. Timing is better than
split plus join when output is a bigint.
Upstream changes:
0.57 2016-01-03
[ADDED]
- formultiperm { ... } \@n loop over multiset permutations
- todigits(n[,base[,len]]) convert n to digit array
- todigitstring(n[,base[,len]]) convert n to string
- fromdigits(\@d[,base]) convert digit array ref to number
- fromdigits(str[,base]) convert string to number
- ramanujan_prime_count counts Ramanujan primes in range
- vecany { expr } @n true if any expr is true
- vecall { expr } @n true if all expr are true
- vecnone { expr } @n true if no expr are true
- vecnotall { expr } @n true if not all expr are true
- vecfirst { expr } @n returns first element with expr true
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- nth_ramanujan_prime(997) was wrong. Fixed.
- Tighten Ramanujan prime bounds. Big speedups for large nth Rp.
0.56 2015-12-13
[ADDED]
- is_carmichael(n) Returns 1 if n is a Carmichael number
- forcomp { ... } n[,{...}] loop over compositions
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Faster, nonrecursive divisors_from_factors routine.
- gcdext(0,0) returns (0,0,0) to match GMP and Pari/GP.
- Use better prime count lower/upper bounds from B羹the 2015.
- forpart and forcomp both use lexicographic order (was anti-lexico).
0.55 2015-10-19
- Fixed test that was using a 64-bit number on 32-bit machines.
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Speed up PP versions of sieve_prime_cluster, twin_primes,
twin_prime_count, nth_twin_prime, primes.
0.54 2015-10-14
[ADDED]
- sieve_prime_cluster(low,high[,...]) find prime clusters
[Misc]
- Certain small primes used to return false with Frobenius and AES Lucas
tests when given extra arguments. Both are unusual cases never used
by the main system. Fixed.
0.53 2015-09-05
[ADDED]
- ramanujan_tau(n) Ramanujan's Tau function
- sumdigits(n[,base]) sum digits of n
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Don't use Math::MPFR unless underlying MPFR library is at least 3.x.
- Use new Math::Prime::Util::GMP::sigma function for divisor_sum.
- Use new Math::Prime::Util::GMP::sieve_twin_primes(a,b).
0.52 2015-08-09
[ADDED]
- is_square_free(n) Check for repeated factors
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- print_primes with 2 args was sending to wrong fileno.
- Double speed of sum_primes.
- Rewrote some internal sieve-walking code, speeds up next_prime,
forprimes, print_primes, and more.
- Small speedup for forcomposites / foroddcomposites.
- Small speedup for is_prime with composite 32+ bit inputs.
- is_frobenius_khashin_pseudoprime now uses Montgomery math for speed.
- PrimeArray now treats skipping forward by relatively small amounts as
forward iteration. This makes it much more efficient for many cases,
but does open up some pathological cases.
- PrimeArray now allows exporting @primes (and a few others), which
saves some typing.
- PrimeArray now works for indices up to 2^32-1, after which it silently
rolls over. Previously it worked to 2^31-1 then croaked.
- PrimeIterator now uses small segments instead of always next_prime.
A little more memory, but 2-4x faster.
- factor, divisor, fordivisors and some others should better keep
bigint types (e.g. Math::GMPz input yields Math::GMPz output).
- Faster GCD on some platforms.
- Peter Dettman supplied a patch for Shawe-Taylor prime generation to
make it deterministically match reference implementations. Thanks!
[Misc]
- Check for old MPFR now using C library version, not module version.
- prime_count_{lower,upper} now uses MPFR to give full precision.
- Montgomery math and uint128_t enabled on Darwin/clang.
0.51 2015-06-21
[ADDED]
- sum_primes(lo,hi) Summation of primes in range
- print_primes(lo,hi[,fd]) Print primes to stdout or fd
- is_catalan_pseudoprime(n) Catalan primality test
- is_frobenius_khashin_pseudoprime(n) Khashin's 2013 Frobenius test
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Slightly faster PP sieving using better code from Perlmonks.
- Lucas sequence works with even valued n.
- Used idea from Colin Wright to speed up is_perrin_pseudoprime 5x.
We can check smaller congruent sequences for composites as a prefilter.
- is_frobenius_pseudoprime no longer checks for perfect squares, and
doesn't bail to BPSW if P,Q,D exceed n. This makes it produce some
pseudoprimes it did not before (but ought to have).
[Misc]
- Work with old MPFR (some test failures in older Win32 systems).
- Don't assert in global destructor if a MemFree object is destroyed.
0.50 2015-05-03
[ADDED]
- harmfrac(n) (num,den) of Harmonic number
- harmreal(n) Harmonic number as BigFloat
- sqrtint(n) Integer square root of n
- vecextract(\@arr, mask) Return elements from arr selected by mask
- ramanujan_primes(lo,hi) Ramanujan primes R_n in [lo,hi]
- nth_ramanujan_prime(n) the nth Ramanujan prime R_n
- is_ramanujan_prime(n) 1 if n is a Ramanujan prime, 0 otherwise
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Implement single-base hashed M-R for 32-bit inputs, inspired by
Fori禳ek and Jan�ina 2015 as well as last year's tests with
2-base (2^49) and 3-base (2^64) hashed solutions for MPU. Primality
testing is 20-40% faster for this size.
- Small speedups for znlog.
- PP nth_prime on 32-bit fixed for values over 2^32.
[Misc]
- Changes to nth_prime_{lower,upper}. They use the Axler (2013) bounds,
and the XS code will also use inverse prime count bounds for small
values. This gives 2-10x tighter bounds.
- Tighten prime count bounds using Axler, Kotnik, B羹the. Thanks to
Charles R Greathouse IV for pointing me to these.
0.49 2014-11-30
- Make versions the same in all packages.
0.48 2014-11-28
[ADDED]
- lucasu(P, Q, k) U_k for Lucas(P,Q)
- lucasv(P, Q, k) V_k for Lucas(P,Q)
[Misc]
- Use Axler (2014) bounds for prime count where they improve on Dusart.
0.47 2014-11-18
[ADDED]
- is_mersenne_prime(p) returns 1 iff 2^p-1 is prime
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- Standalone compilation (e.g. factoring without Perl installed) is easier.
- For next_prime and prev_prime with bigints, stay in XS as long as
possible to cut overhead. Up to 1.5x faster.
- Factoring on 64-bit platforms is faster for 32-bit inputs.
- AKS is faster for larger than half-word inputs, especially on 64-bit
machines with gcc's 128-bit types.
- is_provable_prime goes through XS first, so can run *much* faster for
small inputs.
[OTHER]
- NetBSD improperly exports symbols in string.h, including popcount.
Rename our internal function to work around it.
- is_power now takes an optional scalar reference third argument which
will be set to the root if found. It also works for negative n.
- Changes to trim a little memory use. lucas_sequence goes from
PP->[XS,GMP,PP] to XS[->PP[->GMP]]. ecm_factor is moved out of root.
Moved some primality proving logic out of root.
- primes.pl when given one argument will show primes up to that number.
0.46 2014-10-21
[API Changes]
- is_pseudoprime has the same signature as is_strong_pseudoprime now.
This means it requires one or more bases and has no default base.
The documentation had never mentioned the default, so this should
have little impact, and the common signature makes more sense.
[ADDED]
- hammingweight(n) Population count (count binary 1s)
- vecreduce {...} @v Reduce/fold, exactly like List::Util::reduce
[Misc]
- Syntax fix from Salvatore.
- vecmin / vecmax in XS, if overflows UV do via strings to avoid PP.
- Add example for verifying prime gaps, similar to Nicely's cglp4.
- divisor_sum wasn't running XS code for k=0. Refactor PP code,
includes speedup when input is a non-Math::BigInt (e.g. Math::GMP).
- Improve test coverage.
[PP Updates]
- Large speedup for divisors with bigints in 64-100 bit range.
- Revamp RiemannZeta. Fixes some bignum output, but requires RT fixes.
- Optimization for PP comparison to ~0.
- PP factoring is faster, especially for small inputs.
0.45 2014-09-26
[ADDED]
- forcomb { ... } n, k combinations iterator
- forperm { ... } n permutations iterator
- factorial(n) n!
- is_bpsw_prime(n) primality test with no pretests, just ES BPSW
- is_frobenius_pseudoprime Frobenius quadratic primality test
- is_perrin_pseudoprime Perrin primality test (unrestricted)
- vecmin(@list) minimum of list of integers
- vecmax(@list) maximum of list of integers
- vecprod(@list) product of list of integers
- bernfrac(n) (num,den) of Bernoulli number
- bernreal(n) Bernoulli number as BigFloat
- stirling(n,m,[type]) Stirling numbers of first or second kind
- LambertW(k) Solves for W in k = W*exp(W)
- Pi([digits]) Pi as NV or with requested digits
[FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE]
- znorder algorithm changed from Das to Cohen for ~1% speedup.
- factoring sped up a bit for 15-19 digits.
- speedup for divisor_sum with very large exponents.
[OTHER]
- Alias added for the module name "ntheory". The module has grown
enough that it seems more appropriate.
- Big build change: Try a GMP compilation and add Math::Prime::Util::GMP
to dependency list if it succeeds.
- Fixed a memory leak in segment_primes / segment_twin_primes introduced
in previous release. Thanks Valgrind!
Do it for all packages that
* mention perl, or
* have a directory name starting with p5-*, or
* depend on a package starting with p5-
like last time, for 5.18, where this didn't lead to complaints.
Let me know if you have any this time.
Upstream changes:
0.31 2013-08-07
- Change proof certificate documentation to reflect the new text format.
- Some platforms were using __int128 when it wasn't supported. Only
x86_64 and Power64 use it now.
- Small speedup for ranged totient internals.
- Patch MPU::GMP 0.13 giving us not quite what we expected from a small
certificate. Fixed in MPU::GMP 0.14, worked around here regardless.
0.30 2013-08-06
[API Changes]
- Primality proofs now use the new "MPU Certificate" format, which is
text rather than a nested Perl data structure. This is much better
for external interaction, especially with non-Perl tools. It is
not quite as convenient for all-Perl manipulation.
[Functions Added]
- is_frobenius_underwood_pseudoprime
- is_almost_extra_strong_lucas_pseudoprime
- lucas_sequence
- pplus1_factor
[Enhancements]
- Documentation and PP is_prime changed to use extra strong Lucas test
from the strong test. This matches what the newest MPU::GMP does.
This has no effect at all for numbers < 2^64. No counter-example is
known for the standard, strong, extra strong, or almost extra strong
(increment 1 or 2) tests. The extra strong test is faster than the
strong test and produces fewer pseudoprimes. It retains the residue
class properties of the strong Lucas test (where the SPSP-2
pseudoprimes favor residue class 1 and the Lucas pseudoprimes favor
residue class -1), hence should retain the BPSW test strength.
- XS code for all 4 Lucas tests.
- Clean up is_prob_prime, also ~10% faster for n >= 885594169.
- Small mulmod speedup for non-gcc/x86_64 platforms, and for any platform
with gcc 4.4 or newer.
[Bug Fixes]
- Fixed a rare refcount / bignum / callback issue in next_prime.
Add missing DEPENDS
Upstream changes:
0.29 30 May 2013
- Fix a signed vs. unsigned char issue in ranged moebius. Thanks to the
Debian testers for finding this.
- XS is_prob_prime / is_prime now use a BPSW-style test (SPRP2 plus
extra strong Lucas test) for values over 2^32. This results in up
to 2.5x faster performance for large 64-bit values on most machines.
All PSP2s have been verified with Jan Feitsma's database.
- forprimes now uses a segmented sieve. This (1) allows arbitrary 64-bit
ranges with good memory use, and (2) allows nesting on threaded perls.
- prime_count_approx for very large values (> 10^36) was very slow without
Math::MPFR. Switch to Li+correction for large values if Math::MPFR is
not available.
- Workaround for MSVC compiler.
- Added:
is_pseudoprime (Fermat probable prime test)
is_lucas_pseudoprime (standard Lucas-Selfridge test)
is_extra_strong_lucas_pseudoprime (Mo/Jones/Grantham E.S. Lucas test)
0.28 23 May 2013
- An optimization to nth_prime caused occasional threaded Win32 faults.
Adjust so this is avoided.
- Yet another XS micro-speedup (PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT)
- forprimes { block } [begin,]end. e.g.
forprimes { say } 100;
$sum = 0; forprimes { $sum += $_ } 1000,50000; say $sum;
forprimes { say if is_prime($_+2) } 10000; # print twin primes
- my $it = prime_iterator(10000); say $it->();
This is experimental (that is, the interface may change).
0.27 20 May 2013
- is_prime, is_prob_prime, next_prime, and prev_prime now all go straight
to XS if possible. This makes them much faster for small inputs without
having to use the -nobigint flag.
- XS simple number validation to lower function call overhead. Still a
lot more overhead compared to directly calling the XS functions, but
it shaves a little bit of time off every call.
- Speedup pure Perl factoring of small numbers.
- is_prob_prime / is_prime about 10% faster for composites.
- Allow '+N' as the second parameter to primes.pl. This allows:
primes.pl 100 +30
to return the primes between 100 and 130. Or:
primes.pl 'nth_prime(1000000000)' +2**8
- Use EXTENDED_TESTING to turn on extra tests.
0.26 21 April 2013
- Pure Perl factoring:
- real p-1 -- much faster and more effective
- Fermat (no better than HOLF)
- speedup for pbrent
- simple ECM
- redo factoring mix
- New functions:
prime_certificate produces a certificate of primality.
verify_prime checks a primality certificate.
- Pure perl primality proof now uses BLS75 instead of Lucas, so some
numbers will be much faster [n-1 only needs factoring to (n/2)^1/3].
- Math::Prime::Util::ECAffinePoint and ECProjectivePoint modules for
dealing with elliptic curves.
0.25 19 March 2013
- Speed up p-1 stage 2 factoring. Combined with some minor changes to the
general factoring combination, ~20% faster for 19 digit semiprimes.
- New internal macro to loop over primary sieve starting at 2. Simplifies
code in quite a few places.
- Forgot to skip one of the tests with broken 5.6.2.
0.24 10 March 2013
- Fix compilation with old pre-C99 strict compilers (decl after statement).
- euler_phi on a range wasn't working right with some ranges.
- More XS prime count improvements to speed and space. Add some tables
to the sieve count so it runs a bit faster. Transition from sieve later.
- PP prime count for 10^9 and larger is ~2x faster and uses much less
memory. Similar impact for nth_prime 10^8 or larger.
- Let factor.pl accept expressions just like primes.pl.
0.23 5 March 2013
- Replace XS Zeta for x > 5 with series from Cephes. It is 1 eps more
accurate for a small fraction of inputs. More importantly, it is much
faster in range 5 < x < 10. This only affects non-integer inputs.
- PP Zeta code replaced (for no-MPFR, non-bignums) with new series. The
new code is much more accurate for small values, and *much* faster.
- Add consecutive_integer_lcm function, just like MPU::GMP's (though we
define ci_lcm(0) = 0, which should get propogated).
- Implement binary search on RiemannR for XS nth_prime when n > 2e11.
Runs ~2x faster for 1e12, 3x faster for 1e13. Thanks to Programming
Praxis for the idea and motivation.
- Add the first and second Chebyshev functions (theta and psi).
- put isqrt(n) in util.h, use it everywhere.
put icbrt(n) in lehmer.h, use it there.
- Start on Lagarias-Miller-Odlyzko prime count.
- A new data structure for the phi(x,a) function used by all the fast
prime count routines. Quite a bit faster and most importantly, uses
half the memory of the old structure.
- Performance:
- Divisor sum with no sub is ~10x faster.
- Speed up PP version of exp_mangoldt, create XS version.
- Zeta much faster as mentioned above.
- faster nth_prime as mentioned above.
- AKS about 10% faster.
- Unroll a little more in sieve inner loop. A couple percent faster.
- Faster prime_count and nth_prime due to new phi(x,a) (about 1.25x).
0.22 26 February 2013
- Move main factor loop out of xs and into factor.c.
- Totient and Moebius now have complete XS implementations.
- Ranged totient uses less memory when segmented.
- Switch thread locking to pthreads condition variables.
0.21 22 February 2013
- Switch to using Bytes::Random::Secure for random primes. This is a
big change in that it is the first non-CORE module used. However, it
gets rid of lots of possible stupidness from system rand.
- Spelling fixes in documentation.
- primes.pl: Add circular and Panaitopol primes.
- euler_phi and moebius now will compute over a range.
- Add mertens function: 1000+ times faster than summing moebius($_).
- Add exp_mangoldt function: exponential of von Mangoldt's function.
- divisor_sum defaults to sigma if no sub is given (i.e. it sums).
- Performance:
- Speedup factoring small numbers. With -nobigint factoring from
1 to 10M, it's 1.2x faster. 1.5x faster than Math::Factor::XS.
- Totient and M枚bius over a range are much faster than separate calls.
- divisor_sum is 2x faster.
- primes.pl is much faster with Pillai primes.
- Reduce overhead in euler_phi -- about 2x faster for individual calls.
0.20 3 February 2013
- Speedup for PP AKS, and turn off test on 32-bit machines.
- Replaced fast sqrt detection in PP.pm with a slightly slower version.
The bloom filter doesn't work right in 32-bit Perl. Having a non-working
detector led to really bad performance. Hence this and the AKS change
should speed up testing on some 32-bit machines by a huge amount.
- Fix is_perfect_power in XS AKS.
0.19 1 February 2013
- Update MR bases with newest from http://miller-rabin.appspot.com/.
- Fixed some issues when using bignum and Calc BigInt backend, and bignum
and Perl 5.6.
- Added tests for bigint is_provable_prime.
- Added a few tests to give better coverage.
- Adjust some validation subroutines to cut down on overhead.
0.18 14 January 2013
- Add random_strong_prime.
- Fix builds with Solaris 9 and older.
- Add some debug info to perhaps find out why old ActiveState Perls are
dying in Math::BigInt::Calc, as if they were using really old versions
that run out of memory trying to calculate '2 ** 66'.
http://code.activestate.com/ppm/Math-Prime-Util/
0.17 20 December 2012
- Perl 5.8.1 - 5.8.7 miscalculates 12345 ** 4, which I used in a test.
- Fix (hopefully) for MSC compilation.
- Unroll sieve loop for another 20% or so speedup. It won't have much
practical application now that we use Lehmer's method for counts, but
there are some cases that can still show speedups.
- Changed the rand functionality yet again. Sorry. This should give
better support for plugging in crypto RNG's when used from other
modules.
0.16 11 December 2012
- randbits >= 32 on some 32-bit systems was messing us up. Restrict our
internal randbits to wordsize-1.
a) refer 'perl' in their Makefile, or
b) have a directory name of p5-*, or
c) have any dependency on any p5-* package
Like last time, where this caused no complaints.
Upstream changes:
0.15 9 December 2012
- Lots of internal changes to Ei, li, Zeta, and R functions:
- Native Zeta and R have slightly more accurate results.
- For bignums, use Math::MPFR if possible. MUCH faster.
Also allows extended precision while still being fast.
- Better accuracy for standard bignums.
- All four functions do:
- XS if native input.
- MPFR to whatever accuracy is desired, if Math::MPFR installed.
- BigFloat versions if no MPFR and BigFloat input.
- standard version if no MPFR and not a BigFloat.
- Add tests for primorial, jordan_totient, and divisor_sum.
- Revamp of the random_prime internals. Also fixes some issues with
random n-bit and maurer primes.
- The random prime and primorial functions now will return a Math::BigInt
object if the result is greater than the native size. This includes
loading up the Math::BigInt library if necessary.
Upstream changes:
0.14 29 November 2012
- Compilation and test issues:
Fix compilation on NetBSD
Try to fix compilation on Win32 + MSVC
Speed up some testing, helps a lot with Cygwin on slow machines
Speed up a lot of slow PP areas, especially used by test suite
- XS AKS extended from half-word to full-word.
- Add functions:
jordan_totient generalization of Euler Totient
divisor_sum run coderef for every divisor
- Allow environment variables MPU_NO_XS and MPU_NO_GMP to turn off XS and
GMP support respectively if they are defined and equal to 1.
- Lehmer prime count for Pure Perl code, including use in nth_prime.
prime count 10^9 using sieve:
71.9s PP sieve
0.47s XS sieve
prime count 10^9 using Lehmer:
0.70s PP lehmer
0.03s XS lehmer
- Moved bignum Zeta and R to separate file, only loaded when needed.
Helpful to get the big rarely-used tables out of the main loading.
- Quote arguments to Math::Big{Int,Float} in a few places it wasn't.
Math::Big* coerces the input to a signed value if it isn't a string,
which causes us all sorts of grief.
0.13 19 November 2012
- Fix an issue with prime count, and make prime count available as a
standalone program using primesieve.
0.12 17 November 2012
- Add bin/primes.pl and bin/factor.pl
- Add functions:
primorial product of primes <= n
pn_primorial product of first n primes
prime_set_config set config options
RiemannZeta export and make accurate for small reals
is_provable_prime prove primes after BPSW
is_aks_prime prove prime via AKS
- Add 'assume_rh' configuration option (default: false) which can be set
to allow functions to assume the Riemann Hypothesis.
- Use the Schoenfeld bound for Pi(x) (x large) if assume_rh is true.
- valgrind testing
- Use long doubles for math functions.
- Some fixes and speedups for ranged primes().
- In the PP code, use 2 MR bases for more numbers when possible.
- Fixup of racing SQUFOF, and switch to use it in factor().
- Complete rewrite of XS p-1 factor routine, includes second stage.
- bug fix for prime_count on edge of cache.
- prime_count will use Lehmer prime counting algorithm for largish
sizes (above 4 million). This is MUCH faster than sieving.
- nth_prime now uses the fast Lehmer prime count below the lower limit,
then sieves up from there. This makes a big speed difference for inputs
over 10^6 or so -- over 100x faster for 10^9 and up.
math/p5-Math-Prime-Util.
A set of utilities related to prime numbers. These include multiple sieving
methods, is_prime, prime_count, nth_prime, approximations and bounds for
the prime_count and nth prime, next_prime and prev_prime, factoring
utilities, and more.
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