CHANGES IN R 3.4.2:
NEW FEATURES:
* Setting the LC_ALL category in Sys.setlocale() invalidates any
cached locale-specific day/month names and the AM/PM indicator
for strptime() (as setting LC_TIME has since R 3.1.0).
* The version of LAPACK included in the sources has been updated to
3.7.1, a bug-fix release.
* The default for tools::write_PACKAGES(rds_compress=) has been
changed to "xz" to match the compression used by CRAN.
* c() and unlist() are now more efficient in constructing the
names(.) of their return value, thanks to a proposal by Suharto
Anggono. (PR#17284)
CHANGES IN R 3.4.0:
SIGNIFICANT USER-VISIBLE CHANGES:
* (Unix-alike) The default methods for download.file() and url()
now choose "libcurl" except for file:// URLs. There will be
small changes in the format and wording of messages, including in
rare cases if an issue is a warning or an error. For example,
when HTTP re-direction occurs, some messages refer to the final
URL rather than the specified one.
Those who use proxies should check that their settings are
compatible (see ?download.file: the most commonly used forms work
for both "internal" and "libcurl").
* table() has been amended to be more internally consistent and
become back compatible to R <= 2.7.2 again. Consequently,
table(1:2, exclude = NULL) no longer contains a zero count for
<NA>, but useNA = "always" continues to do so.
* summary.default() no longer rounds, but its print method does
resulting in less extraneous rounding, notably of numbers in the
ten thousands.
* factor(x, exclude = L) behaves more rationally when x or L are
character vectors. Further, exclude = <factor> now behaves as
documented for long.
* Arithmetic, logic (&, |) and comparison (aka 'relational', e.g.,
<, ==) operations with arrays now behave consistently, notably
for arrays of length zero.
Arithmetic between length-1 arrays and longer non-arrays had
silently dropped the array attributes and recycled. This now
gives a warning and will signal an error in the future, as it has
always for logic and comparison operations in these cases (e.g.,
compare matrix(1,1) + 2:3 and matrix(1,1) < 2:3).
* The JIT ('Just In Time') byte-code compiler is now enabled by
default at its level 3. This means functions will be compiled on
first or second use and top-level loops will be compiled and then
run. (Thanks to Tomas Kalibera for extensive work to make this
possible.)
For now, the compiler will not compile code containing explicit
calls to browser(): this is to support single stepping from the
browser() call.
JIT compilation can be disabled for the rest of the session using
compiler::enableJIT(0) or by setting environment variable
R_ENABLE_JIT to 0.
* xtabs() works more consistently with NAs, also in its result no
longer setting them to 0. Further, a new logical option addNA
allows to count NAs where appropriate. Additionally, for the
case sparse = TRUE, the result's dimnames are identical to the
default case's.
* Matrix products now consistently bypass BLAS when the inputs have
NaN/Inf values. Performance of the check of inputs has been
improved. Performance when BLAS is used is improved for
matrix/vector and vector/matrix multiplication (DGEMV is now used
instead of DGEMM).
One can now choose from alternative matrix product
implementations _via_ options(matprod = ). The "internal"
implementation is not optimized for speed but consistent in
precision with other summations in R (using long double
accumulators where available). "blas" calls BLAS directly for
best speed, but usually with undefined behavior for inputs with
NaN/Inf.
NEW FEATURES:
* User errors such as integrate(f, 0:1, 2) are now caught.
* Add signature argument to debug(), debugonce(), undebug() and
isdebugged() for more conveniently debugging S3 and S4 methods.
(Based on a patch by Gabe Becker.)
* Add utils::debugcall() and utils::undebugcall() for debugging the
function that would be called by evaluating the given expression.
When the call is to an S4 generic or standard S3 generic,
debugcall() debugs the method that would be dispatched. A number
of internal utilities were added to support this, most notably
utils::isS3stdGeneric(). (Based on a patch by Gabe Becker.)
And many more - see the NEWS file for details.
PkgSrc changes:
* On Darwin, use Aqua interface instead of X11
* Cairo support also requires Pango
* Allow Cairo with other backends, not only X11 (e.g. to make it work on Darwin)
Upstream changes:
CHANGES IN R 3.3.1:
BUG FIXES:
* R CMD INSTALL and hence install.packages() gave an internal error
installing a package called description from a tarball on a
case-insensitive file system.
* match(x, t) (and hence x %in% t) failed when x was of length one,
and either character and x and t only differed in their Encoding
or when x and t where complex with NAs or NaNs. (PR#16885.)
* unloadNamespace(ns) also works again when ns is a 'namespace', as
from getNamespace().
* rgamma(1,Inf) or rgamma(1, 0,0) no longer give NaN but the
correct limit.
* length(baseenv()) is correct now.
* pretty(d, ..) for date-time d rarely failed when "halfmonth" time
steps were tried (PR#16923) and on 'inaccurate' platforms such as
32-bit windows or a configuration with --disable-long-double; see
comment #15 of PR#16761.
* In text.default(x, y, labels), the rarely(?) used default for
labels is now correct also for the case of a 2-column matrix x
and missing y.
* as.factor(c(a = 1L)) preserves names() again as in R < 3.1.0.
* strtrim(""[0], 0[0]) now works.
* Use of Ctrl-C to terminate a reverse incremental search started
by Ctrl-R in the readline-based Unix terminal interface is now
supported for readline >= 6.3 (Ctrl-G always worked). (PR#16603)
* diff(<difftime>) now keeps the "units" attribute, as subtraction
already did, PR#16940.
CHANGES IN R 3.3.0:
SIGNIFICANT USER-VISIBLE CHANGES:
* nchar(x, *)'s argument keepNA governing how the result for NAs in
x is determined, gets a new default keepNA = NA which returns NA
where x is NA, except for type = "width" which still returns 2,
the formatting / printing width of NA.
* All builds have support for https: URLs in the default methods
for download.file(), url() and code making use of them.
Unfortunately that cannot guarantee that any particular https:
URL can be accessed. For example, server and client have to
successfully negotiate a cryptographic protocol (TLS/SSL, ...)
and the server's identity has to be verifiable _via_ the
available certificates. Different access methods may allow
different protocols or use private certificate bundles: we
encountered a https: CRAN mirror which could be accessed by one
browser but not by another nor by download.file() on the same
Linux machine.
NEW FEATURES:
* The print method for methods() gains a byclass argument.
* New functions validEnc() and validUTF8() to give access to the
validity checks for inputs used by grep() and friends.
* Experimental new functionality for S3 method checking, notably
isS3method().
Also, the names of the R 'language elements' are exported as
character vector tools::langElts.
* str(x) now displays "Time-Series" also for matrix (multivariate)
time-series, i.e. when is.ts(x) is true.
* (Windows only) The GUI menu item to install local packages now
accepts *.tar.gz files as well as *.zip files (but defaults to
the latter).
* New programmeR's utility function chkDots().
* D() now signals an error when given invalid input, rather than
silently returning NA. (Request of John Nash.)
* formula objects are slightly more "first class": e.g., formula()
or new("formula", y ~ x) are now valid. Similarly, for "table",
"ordered" and "summary.table". Packages defining S4 classes with
the above S3/S4 classes as slots should be reinstalled.
* New function strrep() for repeating the elements of a character
vector.
* rapply() preserves attributes on the list when how = "replace".
* New S3 generic function sigma() with methods for extracting the
estimated standard deviation aka "residual standard deviation"
from a fitted model.
* news() now displays R and package news files within the HTML help
system if it is available. If no news file is found, a visible
NULL is returned to the console.
* as.raster(x) now also accepts raw arrays x assuming values in
0:255.
* Subscripting of matrix/array objects of type "expression" is now
supported.
* type.convert("i") now returns a factor instead of a complex value
with zero real part and missing imaginary part.
* Graphics devices cairo_pdf() and cairo_ps() now allow non-default
values of the cairographics 'fallback resolution' to be set.
This now defaults to 300 on all platforms: that is the default
documented by cairographics, but apparently was not used by all
system installations.
* file() gains an explicit method argument rather than implicitly
using getOption("url.method", "default").
* Thanks to a patch from Tomas Kalibera, x[x != 0] is now typically
faster than x[which(x != 0)] (in the case where x has no NAs, the
two are equivalent).
* read.table() now always uses the names for a named colClasses
argument (previously names were only used when colClasses was too
short). (In part, wish of PR#16478.)
* (Windows only) download.file() with default method = "auto" and a
ftps:// URL chooses "libcurl" if that is available.
* The out-of-the box Bioconductor mirror has been changed to one
using https://: use chooseBioCmirror() to choose a http:// mirror
if required.
* The data frame and formula methods for aggregate() gain a drop
argument.
* available.packages() gains a repos argument.
* The undocumented switching of methods for url() on https: and
ftps: URLs is confined to method = "default" (and documented).
* smoothScatter() gains a ret.selection argument.
* qr() no longer has a ... argument to pass additional arguments to
methods.
* [ has a method for class "table".
* It is now possible (again) to replayPlot() a display list
snapshot that was created by recordPlot() in a different R
session.
It is still not a good idea to use snapshots as a persistent
storage format for R plots, but it is now not completely silly to
use a snapshot as a format for transferring an R plot between two
R sessions.
The underlying changes mean that packages providing graphics
devices (e.g., Cairo, RSvgDevice, cairoDevice, tikzDevice) will
need to be reinstalled.
Code for restoring snapshots was contributed by Jeroen Ooms and
JJ Allaire.
Some testing code is available at <URL:
https://github.com/pmur002/R-display-list>.
* tools::undoc(dir = D) and codoc(dir = D) now also work when D is
a directory whose normalizePath()ed version does not end in the
package name, e.g. from a symlink.
* abbreviate() has more support for multi-byte character sets - it
no longer removes bytes within characters and knows about Latin
vowels with accents. It is still only really suitable for (most)
European languages, and still warns on non-ASCII input.
abbreviate(use.classes = FALSE) is now implemented, and that is
more suitable for non-European languages.
* match(x, table) is faster (sometimes by an order of magnitude)
when x is of length one and incomparables is unchanged, thanks to
Peter Haverty (PR#16491).
* More consistent, partly not back-compatible behavior of NA and
NaN coercion to complex numbers, operations less often resulting
in complex NA (NA_complex_).
* lengths() considers methods for length and [[ on x, so it should
work automatically on any objects for which appropriate methods
on those generics are defined.
* The logic for selecting the default screen device on OS X has
been simplified: it is now quartz() if that is available even if
environment variable DISPLAY has been set by the user.
The choice can easily be overridden _via_ environment variable
R_INTERACTIVE_DEVICE.
* On Unix-like platforms which support the getline C library
function, system(*,intern = TRUE) no longer truncates (output)
lines longer than 8192 characters, thanks to Karl Millar.
(PR#16544)
* rank() gains a ties.method = "last" option, for convenience (and
symmetry).
* regmatches(invert = NA) can now be used to extract both
non-matched and matched substrings.
* data.frame() gains argument fix.empty.names; as.data.frame.list()
gets new cut.names, col.names and fix.empty.names.
* plot(x ~ x, *) now warns that it is the same as plot(x ~ 1, *).
* recordPlot() has new arguments load and attach to allow package
names to be stored as part of a recorded plot. replayPlot() has
new argument reloadPkgs to load/attach any package names that
were stored as part of a recorded plot.
* S4 dispatch works within calls to .Internal(). This means
explicit S4 generics are no longer needed for unlist() and
as.vector().
* Only font family names starting with "Hershey" (and not "Her" as
before) are given special treatment by the graphics engine.
* S4 values are automatically coerced to vector (via as.vector)
when subassigned into atomic vectors.
* findInterval() gets a left.open option.
* The version of LAPACK included in the sources has been updated to
3.6.0, including those 'deprecated' routines which were
previously included. _Ca_ 40 double-complex routines have been
added at the request of a package maintainer.
As before, the details of what is included are in
src/modules/lapack/README and this now gives information on
earlier additions.
* tapply() has been made considerably more efficient without
changing functionality, thanks to proposals from Peter Haverty
and Suharto Anggono. (PR#16640)
* match.arg(arg) (the one-argument case) is faster; so is
sort.int(). (PR#16640)
* The format method for object_size objects now also accepts
"binary" units such as "KiB" and e.g., "Tb". (Partly from
PR#16649.)
* Profiling now records calls of the form foo::bar and some similar
cases directly rather than as calls to <Anonymous>. Contributed
by Winston Chang.
* New string utilities startsWith(x, prefix) and endsWith(x,
suffix). Also provide speedups for some grepl("^...",*) uses
(related to proposals in PR#16490).
* Reference class finalizers run at exit, as well as on garbage
collection.
* Avoid parallel dependency on stats for port choice and random
number seeds. (PR#16668)
* The radix sort algorithm and implementation from data.table
(forder) replaces the previous radix (counting) sort and adds a
new method for order(). Contributed by Matt Dowle and Arun
Srinivasan, the new algorithm supports logical, integer (even
with large values), real, and character vectors. It outperforms
all other methods, but there are some caveats (see ?sort).
* The order() function gains a method argument for choosing between
"shell" and "radix".
* New function grouping() returns a permutation that stably
rearranges data so that identical values are adjacent. The
return value includes extra partitioning information on the
groups. The implementation came included with the new radix
sort.
* rhyper(nn, m, n, k) no longer returns NA when one of the three
parameters exceeds the maximal integer.
* switch() now warns when no alternatives are provided.
* parallel::detectCores() now has default logical = TRUE on all
platforms - as this was the default on Windows, this change only
affects Sparc Solaris.
Option logical = FALSE is now supported on Linux and recent
versions of OS X (for the latter, thanks to a suggestion of Kyaw
Sint).
* hist() for "Date" or "POSIXt" objects would sometimes give
misleading labels on the breaks, as they were set to the day
before the start of the period being displayed. The display
format has been changed, and the shift of the start day has been
made conditional on right = TRUE (the default). (PR#16679)
* R now uses a new version of the logo (donated to the R Foundation
by RStudio). It is defined in .svg format, so will resize
without unnecessary degradation when displayed on HTML
pages-there is also a vector PDF version. Thanks to Dirk
Eddelbuettel for producing the corresponding X11 icon.
* New function .traceback() returns the stack trace which
traceback() prints.
* lengths() dispatches internally.
* dotchart() gains a pt.cex argument to control the size of points
separately from the size of plot labels. Thanks to Michael
Friendly and Milan Bouchet-Valat for ideas and patches.
* as.roman(ch) now correctly deals with more diverse character
vectors ch; also arithmetic with the resulting roman numbers
works in more cases. (PR#16779)
* prcomp() gains a new option rank. allowing to directly aim for
less than min(n,p) PC's. The summary() and its print() method
have been amended, notably for this case.
* gzcon() gains a new option text, which marks the connection as
text-oriented (so e.g. pushBack() works). It is still always
opened in binary mode.
* The import() namespace directive now accepts an argument except
which names symbols to exclude from the imports. The except
expression should evaluate to a character vector (after
substituting symbols for strings). See Writing R Extensions.
* New convenience function Rcmd() in package tools for invoking R
CMD tools from within R.
* New functions makevars_user() and makevars_site() in package
tools to determine the location of the user and site specific
Makevars files for customizing package compilation.
UTILITIES:
* R CMD check has a new option --ignore-vignettes for use with
non-Sweave vignettes whose VignetteBuilder package is not
available.
* R CMD check now by default checks code usage (_via_ codetools)
with only the base package attached. Functions from default
packages other than base which are used in the package code but
not imported are reported as undefined globals, with a suggested
addition to the NAMESPACE file.
* R CMD check --as-cran now also checks DOIs in package CITATION
and Rd files.
* R CMD Rdconv and R CMD Rd2pdf each have a new option
--RdMacros=pkglist which allows Rd macros to be specified before
processing.
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT:
* The previously included versions of zlib, bzip2, xz and PCRE have
been removed, so suitable external (usually system) versions are
required (see the 'R Installation and Administration' manual).
* The unexported and undocumented Windows-only devices cairo_bmp(),
cairo_png() and cairo_tiff() have been removed. (These devices
should be used as e.g. bmp(type = "cairo").)
* (Windows only) Function setInternet2() has no effect and will be
removed in due course. The choice between methods "internal" and
"wininet" is now made by the method arguments of url() and
download.file() and their defaults can be set _via_ options. The
out-of-the-box default remains "wininet" (as it has been since R
3.2.2).
* [<- with an S4 value into a list currently embeds the S4 object
into its own list such that the end result is roughly equivalent
to using [[<-. That behavior is deprecated. In the future, the
S4 value will be coerced to a list with as.list().
* Package tools' functions package.dependencies(), pkgDepends(),
etc are deprecated now, mostly in favor of package_dependencies()
which is both more flexible and efficient.
INSTALLATION and INCLUDED SOFTWARE:
* Support for very old versions of valgrind (e.g., 3.3.0) has been
removed.
* The included libtool script (generated by configure) has been
updated to version 2.4.6 (from 2.2.6a).
* libcurl version 7.28.0 or later with support for the https
protocol is required for installation (except on Windows).
* BSD networking is now required (except on Windows) and so
capabilities("http/ftp") is always true.
* configure uses pkg-config for PNG, TIFF and JPEG where this is
available. This should work better with multiple installs and
with those using static libraries.
* The minimum supported version of OS X is 10.6 ('Snow Leopard'):
even that has been unsupported by Apple since 2012.
* The configure default on OS X is --disable-R-framework: enable
this if you intend to install under /Library/Frameworks and use
with R.app.
* The minimum preferred version of PCRE has since R 3.0.0 been 8.32
(released in Nov 2012). Versions 8.10 to 8.31 are now deprecated
(with warnings from configure), but will still be accepted until
R 3.4.0.
* configure looks for C functions __cospi, __sinpi and __tanpi and
uses these if cospi _etc_ are not found. (OS X is the main
instance.)
* (Windows) R is now built using gcc 4.9.3. This build will
require recompilation of at least those packages that include C++
code, and possibly others. A build of R-devel using the older
toolchain will be temporarily available for comparison purposes.
During the transition, the environment variable R_COMPILED_BY has
been defined to indicate which toolchain was used to compile R
(and hence, which should be used to compile code in packages).
The COMPILED_BY variable described below will be a permanent
replacement for this.
* (Windows) A make and R CMD config variable named COMPILED_BY has
been added. This indicates which toolchain was used to compile R
(and hence, which should be used to compile code in packages).
PACKAGE INSTALLATION:
* The make macro AWK which used to be made available to files such
as src/Makefile is no longer set.
C-LEVEL FACILITIES:
* The API call logspace_sum introduced in R 3.2.0 is now remapped
as an entry point to Rf_logspace_sum, and its first argument has
gained a const qualifier. (PR#16470)
Code using it will need to be reinstalled.
Similarly, entry point log1pexp also defined in Rmath.h is
remapped there to Rf_log1pexp
* R_GE_version has been increased to 11.
* New API call R_orderVector1, a faster one-argument version of
R_orderVector.
* When R headers such as R.h and Rmath.h are called from C++ code
in packages they include the C++ versions of system headers such
as <cmath> rather than the legacy headers such as <math.h>.
(Headers Rinternals.h and Rinterface.h already did, and inclusion
of system headers can still be circumvented by defining
NO_C_HEADERS, including as from this version for those two
headers.)
The manual has long said that R headers should *not* be included
within an extern "C" block, and almost all the packages affected
by this change were doing so.
* Including header S.h from C++ code would fail on some platforms,
and so gives a compilation error on all.
* The deprecated header Rdefines.h is now compatible with defining
R_NO_REMAP.
* The connections API now includes a function R_GetConnection()
which allows packages implementing connections to convert R
connection objects to Rconnection handles used in the API. Code
which previously used the low-level R-internal getConnection()
entry point should switch to the official API.
BUG FIXES:
* C-level asChar(x) is fixed for when x is not a vector, and it
returns "TRUE"/"FALSE" instead of "T"/"F" for logical vectors.
* The first arguments of .colSums() etc (with an initial dot) are
now named x rather than X (matching colSums()): thus error
messages are corrected.
* A coef() method for class "maov" has been added to allow vcov()
to work with multivariate results. (PR#16380)
* method = "libcurl" connections signal errors rather than
retrieving HTTP error pages (where the ISP reports the error).
* xpdrows.data.frame() was not checking for unique row names; in
particular, this affected assignment to non-existing rows via
numerical indexing. (PR#16570)
* tail.matrix() did not work for zero rows matrices, and could
produce row "labels" such as "[1e+05,]".
* Data frames with a column named "stringsAsFactors" now format and
print correctly. (PR#16580)
* cor() is now guaranteed to return a value with absolute value
less than or equal to 1. (PR#16638)
* Array subsetting now keeps names(dim(.)).
* Blocking socket connection selection recovers more gracefully on
signal interrupts.
* The data.frame method of rbind() construction row.names works
better in borderline integer cases, but may change the names
assigned. (PR#16666)
* (X11 only) getGraphicsEvent() miscoded buttons and missed mouse
motion events. (PR#16700)
* methods(round) now also lists round.POSIXt.
* tar() now works with the default files = NULL. (PR#16716)
* Jumps to outer contexts, for example in error recovery, now make
intermediate jumps to contexts where on.exit() actions are
established instead of trying to run all on.exit() actions before
jumping to the final target. This unwinds the stack gradually,
releases resources held on the stack, and significantly reduces
the chance of a segfault when running out of C stack space. Error
handlers established using withCallingHandlers() and
options("error") specifications are ignored when handling a C
stack overflow error as attempting one of these would trigger a
cascade of C stack overflow errors. (These changes resolve
PR#16753.)
* The spacing could be wrong when printing a complex array.
(Report and patch by Lukas Stadler.)
* pretty(d, n, min.n, *) for date-time objects d works again in
border cases with large min.n, returns a labels attribute also
for small-range dates and in such cases its returned length is
closer to the desired n. (PR#16761) Additionally, it finally
does cover the range of d, as it always claimed.
* tsp(x) <- NULL did not handle correctly objects inheriting from
both "ts" and "mts". (PR#16769)
* install.packages() could give false errors when
options("pkgType") was "binary". (Reported by Jose Claudio
Faria.)
* A bug fix in R 3.0.2 fixed problems with locator() in X11, but
introduced problems in Windows. Now both should be fixed.
(PR#15700)
* download.file() with method = "wininet" incorrectly warned of
download file length difference when reported length was unknown.
(PR#16805)
* diag(NULL, 1) crashed because of missed type checking.
(PR#16853)
3.2.4
NEW FEATURES
install.packages() and related functions now give a more informative
warning when an attempt is made to install a base package.
summary(x) now prints with less rounding when x contains infinite values.
provideDimnames() gets an optional unique argument.
shQuote() gains type = "cmd2" for quoting in cmd.exe in Windows.
The data.frame method of rbind() gains an optional argument stringsAsFactors
(instead of only depending on getOption("stringsAsFactors")).
smooth(x, *) now also works for long vectors.
tools::texi2dvi() has a workaround for problems with the texi2dvi script
supplied by texinfo 6.1.
It extracts more error messages from the LaTeX logs when in emulation mode.
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT
Use of SUPPORT_OPENMP from header ‘Rconfig.h’ is deprecated in favour of
the standard OpenMP define _OPENMP.
(This has been the recommendation in the manual for a while now.)
The make macro AWK which is long unused by R itself but recorded in file
‘etc/Makeconf’ is deprecated and will be removed in R 3.3.0.
The C header file ‘S.h’ is no longer documented: its use should be
replaced by ‘R.h’.
3.2.3
NEW FEATURES
Some recently-added Windows time zone names have been added to the
conversion table used to convert these to Olson names. (Including
those relating to changes for Russia in Oct 2014, as in PR#16503.)
(Windows) Compatibility information has been added to the manifests
for ‘Rgui.exe’, ‘Rterm.exe’ and ‘Rscript.exe’. This should allow
win.version() and Sys.info() to report the actual Windows version up
to Windows 10.
Windows "wininet" FTP first tries EPSV / PASV mode rather than only
using active mode (reported by Dan Tenenbaum).
which.min(x) and which.max(x) may be much faster for logical and integer
x and now also work for long vectors.
The ‘emulation’ part of tools::texi2dvi() has been somewhat enhanced,
including supporting quiet = TRUE. It can be selected by texi2dvi =
"emulation".
(Windows) MiKTeX removed its texi2dvi.exe command in Sept 2015:
tools::texi2dvi() tries texify.exe if it is not found.
(Windows only) Shortcuts for printing and saving have been added to
menus in Rgui.exe.
loess(..., iterTrace=TRUE) now provides diagnostics for robustness
iterations, and the print() method for summary(<loess>) shows slightly
more.
The included version of PCRE has been updated to 8.38, a bug-fix release.
View() now displays nested data frames in a more friendly way.
Upstream changes:
CHANGES IN R 3.2.2:
SIGNIFICANT USER-VISIBLE CHANGES:
* It is now easier to use secure downloads from https:// URLs on
builds which support them: no longer do non-default options need
to be selected to do so. In particular, packages can be
installed from repositories which offer https:// URLs, and those
listed by setRepositories() now do so (for some of their
mirrors).
Support for https:// URLs is available on Windows, and on other
platforms if support for libcurl was compiled in and if that
supports the https protocol (system installations can be expected
to do). So https:// support can be expected except on rather old
OSes (an example being OS X 'Snow Leopard', where a non-system
version of libcurl can be used).
(Windows only) The default method for accessing URLs _via_
download.file() and url() has been changed to be "wininet" using
Windows API calls. This changes the way proxies need to be set
and security settings made: there have been some reports of sites
being inaccessible under the new default method (but the previous
methods remain available).
NEW FEATURES:
* cmdscale() gets new option list. for increased flexibility when a
list should be returned.
* configure now supports texinfo version 6.0, which (unlike the
change from 4.x to 5.0) is a minor update. (Wish of PR#16456.)
* (Non-Windows only) download.file() with default method = "auto"
now chooses "libcurl" if that is available and a https:// or
ftps:// URL is used.
* (Windows only) setInternet2(TRUE) is now the default. The
command-line option --internet2 and environment variable
R_WIN_INTERNET2 are now ignored.
Thus by default the "internal" method for download.file() and
url() uses the "wininet" method: to revert to the previous
default use setInternet2(FALSE).
This means that https:// can be read by default by
download.file() (they have been readable by file() and url()
since R 3.2.0).
There are implications for how proxies need to be set (see
?download.file): also, cacheOK = FALSE is not supported.
* chooseCRANmirror() and chooseBioCmirror() now offer HTTPS mirrors
in preference to HTTP mirrors. This changes the interpretation
of their ind arguments: see their help pages.
* capture.output() gets optional arguments type and split to pass
to sink(), and hence can be used to capture messages.
C-LEVEL FACILITIES:
* Header Rconfig.h now defines HAVE_ALLOCA_H if the platform has
the alloca.h header (it is needed to define alloca on Solaris and
AIX, at least: see 'Writing R Extensions' for how to use it).
INSTALLATION and INCLUDED SOFTWARE:
* The libtool script generated by configure has been modified to
support FreeBSD >= 10 (PR#16410).
BUG FIXES:
* The HTML help page links to demo code failed due to a change in R
3.2.0. (PR#16432)
* If the na.action argument was used in model.frame(), the original
data could be modified. (PR#16436)
* getGraphicsEvent() could cause a crash if a graphics window was
closed while it was in use. (PR#16438)
* matrix(x, nr, nc, byrow = TRUE) failed if x was an object of type
"expression".
* strptime() could overflow the allocated storage on the C stack
when the timezone had a non-standard format much longer than the
standard formats. (Part of PR#16328.)
* options(OutDec = s) now signals a warning (which will become an
error in the future) when s is not a string with exactly one
character, as that has been a documented requirement.
* prettyNum() gains a new option input.d.mark which together with
other changes, e.g., the default for decimal.mark, fixes some
format()ting variants with non-default getOption("OutDec") such
as in PR#16411.
* download.packages() failed for type equal to either "both" or
"binary". (Reported by Dan Tenenbaum.)
* The dendrogram method of labels() is much more efficient for
large dendrograms, now using rapply(). (Comment #15 of PR#15215)
* The "port" algorithm of nls() could give spurious errors.
(Reported by Radford Neal.)
* Reference classes that inherited from reference classes in
another package could invalidate methods of the inherited class.
Fixing this requires adding the ability for methods to be
"external", with the object supplied explicitly as the first
argument, named .self. See "Inter-Package Superclasses" in the
documentation.
* readBin() could fail on the SPARC architecture due to alignment
issues. (Reported by Radford Neal.)
* qt(*, df=Inf, ncp=.) now uses the natural qnorm() limit instead
of returning NaN. (PR#16475)
* Auto-printing of S3 and S4 values now searches for print() in the
base namespace and show() in the methods namespace instead of
searching the global environment.
* polym() gains a coefs = NULL argument and returns class "poly"
just like poly() which gets a new simple=FALSE option. They now
lead to correct predict()ions, e.g., on subsets of the original
data.
* rhyper(nn, <large>) now works correctly. (PR#16489)
* ttkimage() did not (and could not) work so was removed. Ditto for
tkimage.cget() and tkimage.configure(). Added two Ttk widgets and
missing subcommands for Tk's image command: ttkscale(),
ttkspinbox(), tkimage.delete(), tkimage.height(),
tkimage.inuse(), tkimage.type(), tkimage.types(),
tkimage.width(). (PR#15372, PR#16450)
* getClass("foo") now also returns a class definition when it is
found in the cache more than once.
Upstream changes:
CHANGES IN R 3.2.1
NEW FEATURES
utf8ToInt() now checks that its input is valid UTF-8 and returns NA if it is not.
install.packages() now allows type = "both" with repos = NULL if it can infer the type of file.
nchar(x, *) and nzchar(x) gain a new argument keepNA which governs how the result for NAs in x is determined. For the R 3.2.x series, the default remains FALSE which is fully back compatible. From R 3.3.0, the default will change to keepNA = NA and you are advised to consider this for code portability.
news() more flexibly extracts dates from package ‘NEWS.Rd’ files.
lengths(x) now also works (trivially) for atomic x and hence can be used more generally as an efficient replacement of sapply(x, length) and similar.
The included version of PCRE has been updated to 8.37, a bug-fix release.
diag() no longer duplicates a matrix when extracting its diagonal.
as.character.srcref() gains an argument to allow characters corresponding to a range of source references to be extracted.
BUG FIXES
acf() and ccf() now guarantee values strictly in [-1,1] (instead of sometimes very slightly outside). PR#15832.
as.integer("111111111111") now gives NA (with a warning) as it does for the corresponding numeric or negative number coercions. Further, as.integer(M + 0.1) now gives M (instead of NA) when M is the maximal representable integer.
On some platforms nchar(x, "c") and nchar(x, "w") would return values (possibly NA) for inputs which were declared to be UTF-8 but were not, or for invalid strings without a marked encoding in a multi-byte locale, rather than give an error. Additional checks have been added to mitigate this.
apply(a, M, function(u) c(X = ., Y = .)) again has dimnames containing "X" and "Y" (as in R < 3.2.0).
(Windows only) In some cases, the --clean option to R CMD INSTALL could fail. (PR#16178)
(Windows only) choose.files() would occasionally include characters from the result of an earlier call in the result of a later one. (PR#16270)
A change in RSiteSearch() in R 3.2.0 caused it to submit invalid URLs. (PR#16329)
Rscript and command line R silently ignored incomplete statements at the end of a script; now they are reported as parse errors. (PR#16350)
Parse data for very long strings was not stored. (PR#16354)
plotNode(), the workhorse of the plot method for "dendrogram"s is no longer recursive, thanks to Suharto Anggono, and hence also works for deeply nested dendrograms. (PR#15215)
The parser could overflow internally when given numbers in scientific format with extremely large exponents. (PR#16358)
If the CRAN mirror was not set, install.packages(type = "both") and related functions could repeatedly query the user for it. (Part of PR#16362)
The low-level functions .rowSums() etc. did not check the length of their argument, so could segfault. (PR#16367)
The quietly argument of library() is now correctly propagated from .getRequiredPackages2().
Under some circumstances using the internal PCRE when building R fron source would cause external libs such as -llzma to be omitted from the main link.
The .Primitive default methods of the logic operators, i.e., !, & and |, now give correct error messages when appropriate, e.g., for `&`(TRUE) or `!`(). (PR#16385)
cummax(x) now correctly propagates NAs also when x is of type integer and begins with an NA.
summaryRprof() could fail when the profile contained only two records. (PR#16395)
HTML vignettes opened using vignette() did not support links into the rest of the HTML help system. (Links worked properly when the vignette was opened using browseVignettes() or from within the help system.)
arima(*, xreg = .) (for d >= 1) computes estimated variances based on a the number of effective observations as in R version 3.0.1 and earlier. (PR#16278)
slotNames(.) is now correct for "signature" objects (mostly used internally in methods).
On some systems, the first string comparison after a locale change would result in NA.
Changelog:
CHANGES IN 3.2.0:
NEW FEATURES:
* anyNA() gains a recursive argument.
* When x is missing and names is not false (including the default
value), Sys.getenv(x, names) returns an object of class "Dlist"
and hence prints tidily.
* (Windows.) shell() no longer consults the environment variable
SHELL: too many systems have been encountered where it was set
incorrectly (usually to a path where software was compiled, not
where it was installed). R_SHELL, the preferred way to select a
non-default shell, can be used instead.
* Some unusual arguments to embedFonts() can now be specified as
character vectors, and the defaults have been changed
accordingly.
* Functions in the Summary group duplicate less. (PR#15798)
* (Unix-alikes.) system(cmd, input = ) now uses
'shell-execution-environment' redirection, which will be more
natural if cmd is not a single command (but requires a
POSIX-compliant shell). (Wish of PR#15508)
* read.fwf() and read.DIF() gain a fileEncoding argument, for
convenience.
* Graphics devices can add attributes to their description in
.Device and .Devices. Several of those included with R use a
"filepath" attribute.
* pmatch() uses hashing in more cases and so is faster at the
expense of using more memory. (PR#15697)
* pairs() gains new arguments to select sets of variables to be
plotted against each other.
* file.info(, extra_cols = FALSE) allows a minimal set of columns
to be computed on Unix-alikes: on some systems without
properly-configured caching this can be significantly faster with
large file lists.
* New function dir.exists() in package base to test efficiently
whether one or more paths exist and are directories.
* dput() and friends gain new controls hexNumeric and digits17
which output double and complex quantities as, respectively,
binary fractions (exactly, see sprintf("%a")) and as decimals
with up to 17 significant digits.
* save(), saveRDS() and serialize() now support ascii = NA which
writes ASCII files using sprintf("%a") for double/complex
quantities. This is read-compatible with ascii = TRUE but avoids
binary->decimal->binary conversions with potential loss of
precision. Unfortunately the Windows C runtime's lack of C99
compliance means that the format cannot be read correctly there
in R before 3.1.2.
* The default for formatC(decimal.mark =) has been changed to be
getOption("OutDec"); this makes it more consistent with format()
and suitable for use in print methods, e.g. those for classes
"density", "ecdf", "stepfun" and "summary.lm".
getOption("OutDec") is now consulted by the print method for
class "kmeans", by cut(), dendrogram(), plot.ts() and quantile()
when constructing labels and for the report from legend(trace =
TRUE).
(In part, wish of PR#15819.)
* printNum() and hence format() and formatC() give a warning if
big.mark and decimal.mark are set to the same value (period and
comma are not uncommonly used for each, and this is a check that
conventions have not got mixed).
* merge() can create a result which uses long vectors on 64-bit
platforms.
* dget() gains a new argument keep.source which defaults to FALSE
for speed (dput() and dget() are most often used for data objects
where this can make dget() many times faster).
* Packages may now use a file of common macro definitions in their
help files, and may import definitions from other packages.
* A number of macros have been added in the new share/Rd directory
for use in package overview help pages, and promptPackage() now
makes use of them.
* tools::parse_Rd() gains a new permissive argument which converts
unrecognized macros into text. This is used by
utils:::format.bibentry to allow LaTeX markup to be ignored.
* options(OutDec =) can now specify a multi-byte character, e.g.,
options(OutDec = "\u00b7") in a UTF-8 locale.
* is.recursive(x) is no longer true when x is an external pointer,
a weak reference or byte code; the first enables all.equal(x, x)
when x <- getClass(.).
* ls() (aka objects()) and as.list.environment() gain a new
argument sorted.
* The "source" attribute (which has not been added to functions by
R since before R version 2.14.0) is no longer treated as special.
* Function returnValue() has been added to give on.exit() code
access to a function's return value for debugging purposes.
* crossprod(x, y) allows more matrix coercions when x or y are
vectors, now equalling t(x) %*% y in these cases (also reported
by Radford Neal). Similarly, tcrossprod(x,y) and %*% work in
more cases with vector arguments.
* Utility function dynGet() useful for detecting cycles, aka
infinite recursions.
* The byte-code compiler and interpreter include new instructions
that allow many scalar subsetting and assignment and scalar
arithmetic operations to be handled more efficiently. This can
result in significant performance improvements in scalar
numerical code.
* apply(m, 2, identity) is now the same as the matrix m when it has
_named_ row names.
* A new function debuggingState() has been added, allowing to
temporarily turn off debugging.
* example() gets a new optional argument run.donttest and
tools::Rd2ex() a corresponding commentDonttest, with a default
such that example(..) in help examples will run \donttest code
only if used interactively (a change in behaviour).
* rbind.data.frame() gains an optional argument make.row.names, for
potential speedup.
* New function extSoftVersion() to report on the versions of
third-party software in use in this session. Currently reports
versions of zlib, bzlib, the liblzma from xz, PCRE, ICU, TRE and
the iconv implementation.
A similar function grSoftVersion() in package grDevices reports
on third-party graphics software.
Function tcltk::tclVersion() reports the Tcl/Tk version.
* Calling callGeneric() without arguments now works with primitive
generics to some extent.
* vapply(x, FUN, FUN.VALUE) is more efficient notably for large
length(FUN.VALUE); as extension of PR#16061.
* as.table() now allows tables with one or more dimensions of
length 0 (such as as.table(integer())).
* names(x) <- NULL now clears the names of call and ... objects.
* library() will report a warning when an insufficient dependency
version is masking a sufficient one later on the library search
path.
* A new plot() method for class "raster" has been added.
* New check_packages_in_dir_changes() function in package tools for
conveniently analyzing how changing sources impacts the check
results of their reverse dependencies.
* Speed-up from Peter Haverty for ls() and
methods:::.requirePackage() speeding up package loading.
(PR#16133)
* New get0() function, combining exists() and get() in one call,
for efficiency.
* match.call() gains an envir argument for specifying the
environment from which to retrieve the ... in the call, if any;
this environment was wrong (or at least undesirable) when the
definition argument was a function.
* topenv() has been made .Internal() for speedup, based on Peter
Haverty's proposal in PR#16140.
* getOption() no longer calls options() in the main case.
* Optional use of libcurl (version 7.28.0 from Oct 2012 or later)
for Internet access:
* capabilities("libcurl") reports if this is available.
* libcurlVersion() reports the version in use, and other
details of the "libcurl" build including which URL schemes it
supports.
* curlGetHeaders() retrieves the headers for http://, https://,
ftp:// and ftps:// URLs: analysis of these headers can
provide insights into the `existence' of a URL (it might for
example be permanently redirected) and is so used in R CMD
check --as-cran.
* download.file() has a new optional method "libcurl" which
will handle more URL schemes, follow redirections, and allows
simultaneous downloads of multiple URLs.
* url() has a new method "libcurl" which handles more URL
schemes and follows redirections. The default method is
controlled by a new option url.method, which applies also to
the opening of URLs _via_ file() (which happens implicitly in
functions such as read.table.)
* When file() or url() is invoked with a https:// or ftps://
URL which the current method cannot handle, it switches to a
suitable method if one is available.
* (Windows.) The DLLs internet.dll and internet2.dll have been
merged. In this version it is safe to switch (repeatedly)
between the internal and Windows internet functions within an R
session.
The Windows internet functions are still selected by flag
--internet2 or setInternet2(). This can be overridden for an
url() connection _via_ its new method argument.
download.file() has new method "wininet", selected as the default
by --internet2 or setInternet2().
* parent.env<- can no longer modify the parent of a locked
namespace or namespace imports environment. Contributed by Karl
Millar.
* New function isLoadedNamespace() for readability and speed.
* names(env) now returns all the object names of an environment
env, equivalently to ls(env, all.names = TRUE, sorted = FALSE)
and also to the names of the corresponding list,
names(as.list(env, all.names = TRUE)). Note that although
names() returns a character vector, the names have no particular
ordering.
* The memory manager now grows the heap more aggressively. This
reduces the number of garbage collections, in particular while
data or code are loaded, at the expense of slightly increasing
the memory footprint.
* New function trimws() for removing leading/trailing whitespace.
* cbind() and rbind() now consider S4 inheritance during S3
dispatch and also obey deparse.level.
* cbind() and rbind() will delegate recursively to methods::cbind2
(methods::rbind2) when at least one argument is an S4 object and
S3 dispatch fails (due to ambiguity).
* (Windows.) download.file(quiet = FALSE) now uses text rather
than Windows progress bars in non-interactive use.
* New function hsearch_db() in package utils for building and
retrieving the help search database used by help.search(), along
with functions for inspecting the concepts and keywords in the
help search database.
* New function .getNamespaceInfo(), a no-check version of
getNamespaceInfo() mostly for internal speedups.
* The help search system now takes \keyword entries in Rd files
which are not standard keywords (as given in KEYWORDS in the R
documentation directory) as concepts. For standard keyword
entries the corresponding descriptions are additionally taken as
concepts.
* New lengths() function for getting the lengths of all elements in
a list.
* New function toTitleCase() in package tools, tailored to package
titles.
* The matrix methods of cbind() and rbind() allow matrices as
inputs which have 2^31 or more elements. (For cbind(), wish of
PR#16198.)
* The default method of image() has an explicit check for a numeric
or logical matrix (which was always required).
* URLencode() will not by default encode further URLs which appear
to be already encoded.
* BIC(mod) and BIC(mod, mod2) now give non-NA numbers for arima()
fitted models, as nobs(mod) now gives the number of "used"
observations for such models. This fixes PR#16198, quite
differently than proposed there.
* The print() methods for "htest", "pairwise.htest" and
"power.htest" objects now have a digits argument defaulting to (a
function of) getOption("digits"), and influencing all printed
numbers coherently. Unavoidably, this changes the display of
such test results in some cases.
* Code completion for namespaces now recognizes all loaded
namespaces, rather than only the ones that are also attached.
* The code completion mechanism can now be replaced by a
user-specified completer function, for (temporary) situations
where the usual code completion is inappropriate.
* unzip() will now warn if it is able to detect truncation when
unpacking a file of 4GB or more (related to PR#16243).
* methods() reports S4 in addition to S3 methods; output is
simplified when the class argument is used. .S3methods() and
methods::.S4methods() report S3 and S4 methods separately.
* Higher order functions such as the apply functions and Reduce()
now force arguments to the functions they apply in order to
eliminate undesirable interactions between lazy evaluation and
variable capture in closures. This resolves PR#16093.
INSTALLATION and INCLUDED SOFTWARE:
* The \donttest sections of R's help files can be tested by
make check TEST_DONTTEST=TRUE .
* It is possible to request the use of system valgrind headers
_via_ configure option --with-system-valgrind-headers: note the
possible future incompatibility of such headers discussed in the
'R Installation and Administration' manual. (Wish of PR#16068.)
* The included version of liblzma has been updated to xz-utils
5.0.7 (minor bug fixes from 5.0.5).
* configure options --with-system-zlib, --with-system-bzlib and
--with-system-pcre are now the default. For the time being there
is fallback to the versions included in the R sources if no
system versions are found or (unlikely) if they are too old.
Linux users should check that the -devel or -dev versions of
packages zlib, bzip2/libbz2 and pcre as well as
xz-devel/liblzma-dev (or similar names) are installed.
* configure by default looks for the texi2any script from texinfo
5.1 or later, rather than the makeinfo program. (makeinfo is a
link to the Perl script texi2any in texinfo 5.x.)
* R CMD INSTALL gains an option --built-timestamp=STAMP allowing
100% reproducible package building, thanks to Dirk Eddelbuettel.
UTILITIES:
* There is support for testing the \dontrun and \donttest parts of
examples in packages.
tools::testInstalledPackage() accepts new arguments
commentDontrun = FALSE and commentDonttest = FALSE.
R CMD check gains options --run-dontrun and --run-donttest.
* The HTML generated by tools::Rd2HTML() and tools::toHTML()
methods is now 'XHTML 1.0 Strict'.
* The compiler package's utility function setCompilerOptions() now
returns the old values invisibly. The initial optimization level
can also be set with the environment variable
R_COMPILER_OPTIMIZE.
* R CMD build adds a NeedsCompilation field if one is not already
present in the DESCRIPTION file.
* R CMD check gains option --test-dir to specify an alternative set
of tests to run.
* R CMD check will now by default continue with testing after many
types of errors, and will output a summary count of errors at the
end if any have occurred.
* R CMD check now checks that the Title and Description fields are
correctly terminated.
* R CMD check --as-cran now:
* checks a README.md file can be processed: this needs pandoc
installed.
* checks the existence and accessibility of URLs in the
DESCRIPTION, CITATION, NEWS.Rd and README.md files and in the
help files (provided the build has libcurl support).
* reports non-ASCII characters in R source files when there is
no package encoding declared in the DESCRIPTION file.
* reports (apparent) S3 methods exported but not registered.
* reports overwriting registered S3 methods from
base/recommended packages. (Such methods are replaced in the
affected package for the rest of the session, even if the
replacing namespace is unloaded.)
* reports if the Title field does not appear to be in title
case (see 'Writing R Extensions': there may be false
positives, but note that technical words should be
single-quoted and will then be accepted).
Most of these checks can also be selected by environment
variables: see the 'R Internals' manual.
C-LEVEL FACILITIES:
* New C API utility logspace_sum(logx[], n).
* Entry points rbinom_mu, rnbinom_mu and rmultinom are remapped (by
default) to Rf_rbinom_mu etc. This requires packages using them
to be re-installed.
* .C(DUP = FALSE) and .Fortran(DUP = FALSE) are now ignored, so
arguments are duplicated if DUP = TRUE would do so. As their
help has long said, .Call() is much preferred.
* New entry point R_allocLD, like R_alloc but guaranteed to have
sufficient alignment for long double pointers.
* isPairList() now returns TRUE for DOTSXP.
WINDOWS BUILD CHANGES:
A number of changes to the Windows build system are in development.
The following are currently in place.
* Installation using external binary distributions of zlib, bzip2,
liblzma, pcre, libpng, jpeglib and libtiff is now required, and
the build instructions have been revised.
* A new make target rsync-extsoft has been added to obtain copies
of the external libraries from CRAN.
* Building the manuals now requires texi2any from texinfo 5.1 or
later. CRAN binary builds include the manuals, but by default
builds from source will not, and they will be accessed from CRAN.
See the comments in src/gnuwin32/MkRules.dist for how to specify
the location of texi2any.
* (Windows) Changes have been made to support an experimental
Windows toolchain based on GCC 4.9.2. The default toolchain
continues to be based on GCC 4.6.3, as the new toolchain is not
yet stable enough. A change to a new toolchain is expected
during the R 3.2.x lifetime.
PACKAGE INSTALLATION:
* (Windows) The use of macro ZLIB_LIBS in file src/Makevars.win
(which has not been documented for a long time) now requires an
external libz.a to be available (it is part of the 'goodies' used
to compile Windows binary packages). It would be simpler to use
-lz instead.
* The default for option pkgType on platforms using binary packages
is now "both", so source packages will be tried if binary
versions are not available or not up to date.
There are options for what install.packages(type = "both")
(possibly called _via_ update.packages()) will do if compilation
of a source package is desirable: see ?options (under utils).
If you intend not to accept updates as source packages, you
should use update.packages(type = "binary").
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT:
* download.file(method = "lynx") is defunct.
* Building R using the included versions of zlib, bzip2, xz and
PCRE is deprecated: these are frozen (bar essential bug-fixes)
and will be removed for R 3.3.0.
* The configure option --with-valgrind-instrumentation=3 has been
withdrawn, as it did not work with recent valgrind headers: it is
now treated as level 2.
* The MethodsList class in package methods had been deprecated in R
2.11.0 and is defunct now. Functions using it are defunct if
they had been deprecated in R 2.11.0, and are deprecated now,
otherwise.
BUG FIXES:
* Fixed two obscure bugs in pairlist subassignment, reported by
Radford Neal as part of pqR issue 16.
* Fixes for bugs in handling empty arguments and argument matching
by name in log().
* all.equal() gains methods for environments and refClasses.
* [<- and [[<- gain S4 data.frame methods to avoid corruption of S4
class information by the S3 methods.
* callNextMethod() should now work within a .local call when ... is
absent from formals(.local).
* dput(pairlist(x)) generates a call to the pairlist constructor
instead of the list constructor.
* Fix missing() when arguments are propagated through ... .
(PR#15707)
* eigen(m) now defaults to symmetric = TRUE even when the dimnames
are asymmetric if the matrix is otherwise symmetric. (PR#16151)
* Fix issues with forwarding ... through callGeneric() and
callNextMethod(). (PR#16141)
* callGeneric() now works after a callNextMethod().
* Subclass information is kept consistent when replacing an
ordinary S4 class with an "old class" _via_ the S4Class argument
to setOldClass(). Thus, for example, a data.frame is valid for a
list argument in the signature, and a factor is valid for vector
arguments.
* In qbeta() the inversion of pbeta() is much more sophisticated.
This works better in corner cases some of which failed completely
previously (PR#15755), or were using too many iterations.
* Auto-printing no longer duplicates objects when printing is
dispatched to a method.
* kmeans(x, k) would fail when nrow(x) >= 42949673. (Comment 6 of
PR#15364)
* 'Abbreviated' locale-specific day and month names could have been
truncated in those rare locales where there are the same as the
full names.
* An irrelevant warning message from updating subclass information
was silenced (the namespace would not be writable in this case).
CHANGES IN R 3.1.3:
NEW FEATURES:
* The internal method of download.file() can now handle files
larger than 2GB on 32-bit builds which support such files (tested
on 32-bit R running on 64-bit Windows).
* kruskal.test() warns on more types of suspicious input.
* The as.dendrogram() method for "hclust" objects gains a check
argument protecting against memory explosion for invalid inputs.
* capabilities() has a new item long.double which indicates if the
build uses a long double type which is longer than double.
* nlm() no longer modifies the callback argument in place (a new
vector is allocated for each invocation, which mimics the
implicit duplication that occurred in R < 3.1.0); note that this
is a change from the previously documented behavior. (PR#15958)
* icuSetCollate() now accepts locale = "ASCII" which uses the basic
C function strcmp and so collates strings byte-by-byte in
numerical order.
* sessionInfo() tries to report the OS version in use (not just
that compiled under, and including details of Linux
distributions).
* model.frame() (used by lm() and many other modelling functions)
now warns when it drops contrasts from factors. (Wish of
PR#16119)
* install.packages() and friends now accept the value type =
"binary" as a synonym for the native binary type on the platform
(if it has one).
* Single source or binary files can be supplied for
install.packages(type = "both") and the appropriate type and
repos = NULL will be inferred.
* New function pcre_config() to report on some of the configuration
options of the version of PCRE in use. In particular, this
reports if regular expressions using \p{xx} are supported.
* (Windows.) download.file(cacheOK = FALSE) is now supported when
internet2.dll is used.
* browseURL() has been updated to work with Firefox 36.0 which has
dropped support for the -remote interface.
INSTALLATION and INCLUDED SOFTWARE:
* The included version of PCRE has been updated to 8.36.
* configure accepts MAKEINFO=texi2any as another way to ensure
texinfo 5.x is used when both 5.x and 4.x are installed.
UTILITIES:
* R CMD check now checks the packages used in \donttest sections of
the examples are specified in the DESCRIPTION file. (These are
needed to run the examples interactively.)
* R CMD check checks for the undeclared use of GNU extensions in
Makefiles, and for Makefiles with a missing final linefeed.
R CMD build will correct line endings in all Makefiles, not just
those in the src directory.
* R CMD check notes uses of library() and require() in package
code: see the section 'Suggested packages' of 'Writing R
Extensions' for good practice.
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT:
* The configure option --with-valgrind-instrumentation=3 is
deprecated and will be removed in R 3.2.0.
BUG FIXES:
* (Windows.) Rscript.exe was missing a manifest specifying the
modern style for common controls (e.g., the download progress
bar).
* If a package had extra documentation files but no vignette, the
HTML help system produced an empty index page.
* The parser now gives an error if a null character is included in
a string using Unicode escapes. (PR#16046)
* qr.Q() failed on complex arguments due to pre-3.0(!) typo.
(PR#16054)
* abs() failed with named arguments when the argument was complex.
(PR#16047)
* "noquote" objects may now be used as columns in dataframes.
(PR#15997)
* Some values with extremely long names were printed incorrectly.
(PR#15999)
* Extremely large exponents on zero expressed in scientific
notation (e.g. 0.0e50000) could give NaN. (PR#15976)
* download.file() reported downloaded sizes as 0KB if less than
1MB, only for R 3.1.2 and only on big-endian platforms.
* prompt() did not escape percent signs in the automatically
generated usage section of help files.
* drop.terms() dropped some of the attributes of the object it was
working with. (PR#16029)
* (Windows.) The command completion in Rgui.exe messed up the
console. (PR#15791)
* (Windows.) The choose.files() command returned a blank string
when the user asked for a single file but cancelled the request.
(PR#16074)
* Math2 S4 group generics failed to correctly dispatch "structure"-
and "nonStructure"-derived classes.
* loadNamespace() imposed undocumented restrictions on the
versionCheck parameter. (Reported by Geoff Lee.)
* Rare over-runs detected by AddressSanitizer in substr() and its
replacement version have been avoided.
_Inter alia_ that fix gives the documented behaviour for
substr(x, 1, 2) <- "" (subsequently reported as PR#16214).
* Loading packages incorrectly defining an S4 generic followed by a
function of the same name caused an erroneous cyclic namespace
dependency error.
* Declared vignette encodings are now always passed to the vignette
engine.
* Port Tomas Kalibera's fix from R-devel that restores the
loadMethod() fast path, effectively doubling the speed of S4
dispatch.
* power.t.test() and power.prop.test() now make use of the
extendInt option of uniroot() and hence work in more extreme
cases. (PR#15792)
* If a package was updated and attached when its namespace was
already loaded, it could end up with parts from one version and
parts from the other. (PR#16120)
* tools:::.Rdconv() didn't accept --encoding= due to a typo.
(PR#16121)
* Unix-alike builds without a suitable makeinfo were documented to
link the missing HTML manuals to CRAN, but did not.
* save(*, ascii=TRUE) and load() now correctly deal with NaN's.
(PR#16137)
* split.Date() retains fractional representations while avoiding
incomplete class propagation.
* R_ext/Lapack.h had not been updated for changes made by LAPACK to
the argument lists of its (largely internal) functions dlaed2 and
dlaed3. (PR#16157)
* RShowDoc("NEWS", "txt") had not been updated for the layout
changes of R 3.1.0.
* The xtfrm() method for class "Surv" has been corrected and its
description expanded.
* mode(x) <- y would incorrectly evaluate x before changing its
mode. (PR#16215)
* besselJ(1, 2^64) and besselY(..) now signal a warning, returning
NaN instead of typically segfaulting. (Issue 3 of PR#15554)
* HTML conversion of \href markup in .Rd files did not remove the
backslash from \% and so gave an invalid URL. In a related
change, the \ escape is now required in such URLs.
CHANGES IN R 3.1.2:
NEW FEATURES:
* embedFonts() now defaults to format = "ps2write" for .ps and .eps
files. This is available in Ghostscript 9.x (since 2010) whereas
the previous default, format = "pswrite", was removed in
Ghostscript 9.10.
* For consistency with [dpqr]norm(), [dp]lnorm(sdlog = 0) model a
point mass at exp(mulog) rather than return NaN (for an error).
* capabilities() now reports if ICU is compiled in for use for
collation (it is only actually used if a suitable locale is set
for collation, and never for a C locale).
* (OS X only.) Package tcltk checks when loaded if it is linked
against the CRAN X11-based Tcl/Tk and if so that the Tcl/Tk
component and the X11 libraries are installed. This allows more
informative error messages to be given advising the installation
of the missing component or of XQuartz.
The X11() device and X11-based versions of the data editor and
viewer (invoked by edit() and View() for data frames and matrices
from command-line R) check that the X11 libraries are installed
and if not advises installing XQuartz.
* icuSetCollate() allows locale = "default", and locale = "none" to
use OS services rather than ICU for collation.
Environment variable R_ICU_LOCALE can be used to set the default
ICU locale, in case the one derived from the OS locale is
inappropriate (this is currently necessary on Windows).
* New function icuGetCollate() to report on the ICU collation
locale in use (if any).
* utils::URLencode() was updated to use unreserved and reserved
characters from RFC 3986 (<URL:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986>) instead of RFC 1738.
* unique(warnings()) and c(warnings()) are now supported.
* The Bioconductor 'version' used by setRepositories() now defaults
to 3.0. (It can be set at runtime _via_ environment variable
R_BIOC_VERSION.)
* Omegahat is no longer listed as providing Windows binary
packages, e.g. by setRepositories(). It has no binary packages
available for R 3.1.x and those for earlier versions were 32-bit
only.
INSTALLATION and INCLUDED SOFTWARE:
* The configure script reports on the more important
capabilities/options which will not be compiled in.
More types of external BLAS are recognized by name in that
report.
* When building R as a shared library, the -L${R_HOME}/lib${R_ARCH}
flag is placed earlier in the link commands used during
installation and when packages are installed: this helps ensure
that the current build has priority if an R shared library has
already been installed by e.g. install-libR in a library
mentioned in LDFLAGS (and not in 'your system's library
directory' as documented). (Wish of PR#15790.)
* LaTeX package upquote is no longer required for R's use of
inconsolata.
* (Windows only) If both 32- and 64-bit versions of R are
installed, the bin/R.exe and bin/Rscript.exe executables now run
64-bit R. (To run 32-bit R, overwrite these files with copies of
bin/i386/Rfe.exe.)
UTILITIES:
* Running R CMD check with _R_CHECK_DEPENDS_ONLY_ true now makes
the VignetteBuilder packages available even if they are listed in
Suggests, since they are needed to recognise and process
non-Sweave vignettes.
* R CMD check now reports empty importFrom declarations in a
NAMESPACE file, as these are common errors (writing
importFrom(Pkg) where import(Pkg) was intended).
* R CMD check now by default checks code usage directly on the
package namespace without loading and attaching the package and
its suggests and enhances. For good practice with packages in
the Suggests field, see SS1.1.3.1 of 'Writing R Extensions'. For
use of lazy-data objects in the package's own code, see ?data.
BUG FIXES:
* dmultinom() did not handle non-finite probabilities correctly.
* prettyNum(x, zero.print=*) now also works when x contains NAs.
* A longstanding bug exhibited by nlminb() on Windows was traced to
a compiler bug in gcc 4.6.3; a workaround has been put in place.
(PR#15244 and PR#15914).
* Rendering of \command in HTML versions of help pages has been
improved: this is particularly evident on the help page for
INSTALL.
* as.hexmode(x) and as.octmode(x) now behave correctly for some
numeric x, e.g., c(NA, 1) or c(1, pi).
* drop1() failed if the scope argument had no variables to drop.
(PR#15935)
* edit() (and hence fix()) failed if an object had a non-character
attribute named "source" (an attribute that had been used in R
prior to version 2.14.0).
* callGeneric() could fail if the generic had ... as a formal
argument. (PR#15937).
* Forking in package parallel called C entry point exit in the
child. This was unsafe (_exit should have been called), and
could flush stdin of the main R process (seen most often on
Solaris).
As good practice, stdout is now flushed before forking a child.
* R objects such as list(`a\b` = 1) now print correctly.
* getAnywhere("C_pbinom") now returns correctly a single object
(rather than unlisting it).
* The confint() method for nls() fits failed it these has specified
parameter limits despite using an algorithm other than "port".
(PR#15960)
* Subclassing an S4 class failed if the class required arguments to
the generator, through its initialize() method.
* removeSource() did not properly handle expressions containing
arguments that were supplied as missing, e.g. x[i,]. (PR#15957)
* as.environment(list()) now works, and as.list() of such an
environment is now the same as list().
* Several tcltk functions failed when run in unusual environments.
(PR#15970)
* options(list()) now works (trivially). (PR#15979)
* merge(<dendrogram>, ..) now works correctly for two `independent'
dendrograms (PR#15648), and still compatibly via adjust = "auto"
e.g. for two branches of an existing dendrogram.
* The plot method for "hclust" objects gets an optional argument
check; When that is true (the default) it checks more carefully
for valid input.
* (Windows only) If a user chose to install 64 bit R but not 32 bit
R, the bin/R and bin/Rscript executables failed to run.
(PR#15981)
* Various possible buffer overruns have been prevented, and missed
memory protection added. (PR#15990)
* Rscript no longer passes --args to R when there are no extra
("user") arguments.
* objects like getClass("refClass")@prototype now print() and str()
without error.
* identical() now also looks at the S4 bit.
* hist(x, breaks) is more robust in adding a small fuzz to few
breaks when some are very large. (PR#15988)
* sub() and gsub() did not handle regular expressions like "\s{2,}"
properly if the text contained NA or non-ascii elements in a
UTF-8 locale. Part of this was due to a bug in the TRE library.
(PR#16009)
* RShowDoc("NEWS") now displays the PDF version.
* Matrices and arrays with last dimension zero did not print at all
or incompletely. (PR#16012)
* plot.histogram() and hence hist() now respect the xaxs, yaxs and
lab graphics parameters. (PR#16021)
* bw.SJ(x) and other bw.*() no longer segfault when x contains
non-finite values. (PR#16024)
* R CMD Rd2pdf unintentionally ignored its --os option.
* The internal method of download.file() was not reporting file
sizes and progress correctly on files larger than 2GB (inherited
from libxml2). This is corrected for 64-bit builds (32-bit
platforms may not support such files, but where possible will be
supported in future versions of R).
* Work around a bug in OS X Yosemite where key environment
variables may be duplicated causing issues in subprocesses. The
duplicates are now removed on R startup (via Rprofile).
(PR#16042)
* Adjust X11 auto-launch detection in DISPLAY on OS X to recognize
latest XQuartz.
NEW FEATURES:
* type.convert() (and hence by default read.table()) returns a
character vector or factor when representing a numeric input as a
double would lose accuracy. Similarly for complex inputs.
If a file contains numeric data with unrepresentable numbers of
decimal places that are intended to be read as numeric, specify
colClasses in read.table() to be "numeric".
* tools::Rdiff(useDiff = FALSE) is closer to the POSIX definition
of diff -b (as distinct from the description in the man pages of
most systems).
* New function anyNA(), a version of any(is.na(.)) which is fast
for atomic vectors, based on a proposal by Tim Hesterberg.
* arrayInd(*, useNames = TRUE) and, analogously, which(*, arr.ind =
TRUE) now make use of names(.dimnames) when available.
* is.unsorted() now also works for raw vectors.
* The "table" method for as.data.frame() (also useful as
as.data.frame.table()) now passes sep and base arguments to
provideDimnames().
* uniroot() gets new optional arguments, notably extendInt,
allowing to auto-extend the search interval when needed. The
return value has an extra component, init.it.
* switch(f, ...) now warns when f is a factor, as this typically
happens accidentally where the useR meant to pass a character
string, but f is treated as integer (as always documented).
* The parser has been modified to use less memory.
* The way the unary operators (+ - !) handle attributes is now more
consistent. If there is no coercion, all attributes (including
class) are copied from the input to the result: otherwise only
names, dims and dimnames are.
* colorRamp() and colorRampPalette() now allow non-opaque colours
and a ramp in opacity via the new argument alpha = TRUE.
(Suggested by Alberto Krone-Martins, but optionally as there are
existing uses which expect only RGB values.)
* grid.show.layout() and grid.show.viewport() get an optional vp.ex
argument.
* There is a new function find_gs_cmd() in the tools package to
locate a GhostScript executable. (This is an enhanced version of
a previously internal function there.)
* object.size() gains a format() method.
* There is a new family, "ArialMT", for the pdf() and postscript()
devices. This will only be rendered correctly on viewers which
have access to Monotype TrueType fonts (which are sometimes
requested by journals).
* The text and PDF news files, including NEWS and NEWS.2, have been
moved to the doc directory.
* combn(x, simplify = TRUE) now gives a factor result for factor
input x (previously user error).
* Added utils::fileSnapshot() and utils::changedFiles() functions
to allow snapshots and comparison of directories of files.
* make.names(names, unique=TRUE) now tries to preserve existing
names.
* New functions cospi(x), sinpi(x), and tanpi(x), for more accurate
computation of cos(pi*x), etc, both in R and the C API. Using
these gains accuracy in some cases, e.g., inside lgamma() or
besselI().
* print.table(x, zero.print = ".") now also has an effect when x is
not integer-valued.
* There is more support to explore the system's idea of time-zone
names. Sys.timezone() tries to give the current system setting
by name (and succeeds at least on Linux, OS X, Solaris and
Windows), and OlsonNames() lists the names in the system's Olson
database. Sys.timezone(location = FALSE) gives the previous
behaviour.
* Platforms with a 64-bit time_t type are allowed to handle
conversions between the "POSIXct" and "POSIXlt" classes for
date-times outside the 32-bit range (before 1902 or after 2037):
the existing workarounds are used on other platforms. (Note that
time-zone information for post-2037 is speculative at best, and
the OS services are tested for known errors and so not used on OS
X.)
Currently time_t is usually long and hence 64-bit on Unix-alike
64-bit platforms: however it several cases the time-zone database
is 32-bit. On R for Windows it is 64-bit (for both architectures
as from this version).
* The "save.defaults" option can include a value for
compression_level.
* colSums() and friends now have support for arrays and data-frame
columns with 2^31 or more elements.
* as.factor() is faster when f is an unclassed integer vector (for
example, when called from tapply()).
* fft() now works with longer inputs, from the 12 million
previously supported up to 2 billion.
* Complex svd() now uses LAPACK subroutine ZGESDD, the complex
analogue of the routine used for the real case.
* Sweave now outputs .tex files in UTF-8 if the input encoding is
declared to be UTF-8, regardless of the local encoding. The
UTF-8 encoding may now be declared using a LaTeX comment
containing the string %\SweaveUTF8 on a line by itself.
* file.copy() gains a copy.date argument.
* Printing of date-times will make use of the time-zone
abbreviation in use at the time, if known. For example, for
Paris pre-1940 this could be LMT, PMT, WET or WEST. To enable
this, the "POSIXlt" class has an optional component "zone"
recording the abbreviation for each element.
For platforms which support it, there is also a component
"gmtoff" recording the offset from GMT where known.
* (On Windows, by default on OS X and optionally elsewhere.) The
system C function strftime has been replaced by a more
comprehensive version with closer conformance to the POSIX 2008
standard.
* dnorm(x, log = FALSE) is more accurate (but somewhat slower) for
|x| > 5.
* Some versions of the tiff() device have further compression
options.
* read.table(), readLines() and scan() have a new argument to
influence the treatment of embedded nuls.
* Avoid duplicating the right hand side values in complex
assignments when possible. This reduces copying of replacement
values in expressions such as Z$a <- a0 and ans[[i]] <- tmp: some
package code has relied on there being copies.
Also, a number of other changes to reduce copying of objects; all
contributed by or based on suggestions by Michael Lawrence.
* The fast argument of KalmanLike(), KalmanRun() and
KalmanForecast() has been replaced by update, which instead of
updating mod in place, optionally returns the updated model in an
attribute "mod" of the return value.
* arima() and makeARIMA() get a new optional argument SSinit,
allowing the choice of a different *s*tate *s*pace initialization
which has been observed to be more reliable close to
non-stationarity.
* warning() has a new argument noBreaks., to simplify
post-processing of output with options(warn = 1).
* pushBack() gains an argument encoding, to support reading of
UTF-8 characters using scan(), read.table() and related functions
in a non-UTF-8 locale.
* all.equal.list() gets a new argument use.names which by default
labels differing components by names (if they match) rather than
by integer index. Saved R output in packages may need to be
updated.
* The methods for all.equal() and attr.all.equal() now have
argument check.attributes after ... so it cannot be partially nor
positionally matched (as it has been, unintentionally).
A side effect is that some previously undetected errors of
passing empty arguments (no object between commas) to all.equal()
are detected and reported.
There are explicit checks that check.attributes is logical,
tolerance is numeric and scale is NULL or numeric. This catches
some unintended positional matching.
The message for all.equal.numeric() reports a "scaled difference"
only for scale != 1.
* all.equal() now has a "POSIXt" method replacing the "POSIXct"
method.
* The "Date" and "POSIXt" methods of seq() allows by = "quarter"
for completeness (by = "3 months" always worked).
* file.path() removes any trailing separator on Windows, where they
are invalid (although sometimes accepted). This is intended to
enhance the portability of code written by those using POSIX file
systems (where a trailing / can be used to confine path matching
to directories).
* New function agrepl() which like grepl() returns a logical
vector.
* fifo() is now supported on Windows.
* sort.list(method = "radix") now allows negative integers
* Some functionality of print.ts() is now available in
.preformat.ts() for more modularity.
* mcparallel() gains an option detach = TRUE which allows execution
of code independently of the current session. It is based on a
new estranged = TRUE argument to mcfork() which forks child
processes such that they become independent of the parent
process.
* The pdf() device omits circles and text at extremely small sizes,
since some viewers were failing on such files.
* The rightmost break for the "months", "quarters" and "years"
cases of hist.POSIXlt() has been increased by a day.
* The handling of DF[i,] <- a where i is of length 0 is improved.
* hclust() gains a new method "ward.D2" which implements Ward's
method correctly. The previous "ward" method is "ward.D" now,
with the old name still working. Thanks to research and
proposals by Pierre Legendre.
* The sunspot.month dataset has been amended and updated from the
official source, whereas the sunspots and sunspot.year datasets
will remain immutable. The documentation and source links have
been updated correspondingly.
* The summary() method for "lm" fits warns if the fit is
essentially perfect, as most of the summary may be computed
inaccurately (and with platform-dependent values).
Programmers who use summary() in order to extract just a
component which will be reliable (e.g. $cov.unscaled) should wrap
their calls in suppressWarnings().
CHANGES IN R 3.0.3:
NEW FEATURES:
* On Windows there is support for making .texi manuals using
texinfo 5.0 or later: the setting is in file
src/gnuwin32/MkRules.dist.
A packaging of the Perl script and modules for texinfo 5.2 has
been made available at <URL:
http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/>.
* write.table() now handles matrices of 2^31 or more elements, for
those with large amounts of patience and disc space.
* There is a new function, La_version(), to report the version of
LAPACK in use.
* The HTML version of 'An Introduction to R' now has links to PNG
versions of the figures.
* There is some support to produce manuals in ebook formats. (See
doc/manual/Makefile. Suggested by Mauro Cavalcanti.)
* On a Unix-alike Sys.timezone() returns NA if the environment
variable TZ is unset, to distinguish it from an empty string
which on some OSes means the UTC time zone.
* The backtick may now be escaped in strings, to allow names
containing them to be constructed, e.g. `\``.
* read.table(), readLines() and scan() now warn when an embedded
nul is found in the input.
* KalmanForecast(fast = FALSE) is now the default, and the help
contains an example of how fast = TRUE can be used in this
version. (The usage will change in 3.1.0.)
* strptime() now checks the locale only when locale-specific
formats are used and caches the locale in use: this can halve the
time taken on OSes with slow system functions (e.g. OS X).
* strptime() and the format() methods for classes "POSIXct",
"POSIXlt" and "Date" recognize strings with marked encodings:
this allows, for example, UTF-8 French month names to be read on
(French) Windows.
* iconv(to = "utf8") is now accepted on all platforms (some
implementations did already, but GNU libiconv did not: however
converted strings were not marked as being in UTF-8). The
official name, "UTF-8" is still preferred.
* available.packages() is better protected against corrupt metadata
files.
* Finalizers are marked to be run at garbage collection, but run
only at a somewhat safer later time (when interrupts are
checked). This circumvents some problems with finalizers running
arbitrary code during garbage collection (the known instances
being running options() and (C-level) path.expand()
re-entrantly).
* The NEWS files have been re-organized.
This file contains news for R >= 3.0.0: news for the 0.x.y, 1.x.y
and 2.x.y releases is in files NEWS.0, NEWS.1 and NEWS.2. The
latter files are now installed when R is installed. An HTML
version of news from 2.10.0 to 2.15.3 is available as
doc/html/NEWS.2.html.
* sum() for integer arguments now uses an integer accumulator of at
least 64 bits and so will be more accurate in the very rare case
that a cumulative sum exceeds 2^53 (necessarily summing more than
4 million elements).
* The example() and tools::Rd2ex() functions now have parameters to
allow them to ignore \dontrun markup in examples. (Suggested by
Peter Solymos.)
* str(x) is considerably faster for very large lists, or factors
with 100,000 levels, the latter as in PR#15337.
* col2rgb() now converts factors to character strings not integer
codes (suggested by Bryan Hanson).
* tail(warnings()) now works, via the new `[` method.
* There is now support for the LaTeX style file zi4.sty which has
in some distributions replaced inconsolata.sty.
* unlist(x) now typically returns all non-list xs unchanged, not
just the "vector" ones. Consequently, format(lst) now also works
when the list lst has non-vector elements.
* The tools::getVignetteInfo() function has been added to give
information about installed vignettes.
* New assertCondition(), etc. utilities in tools, useful for
testing.
* Profiling now records non-inlined calls from byte-compiled code
to BUILTIN functions.
* Various functions in stats and elsewhere that use non-standard
evaluation are now more careful to follow the namespace scoping
rules. E.g. stats::lm() can now find stats::model.frame() even
if stats is not on the search path or if some package defines a
function of that name.
* If an invalid/corrupt .Random.seed object is encountered in the
workspace it is ignored with a warning rather than giving an
error. (This allows R itself to rely on a working RNG, e.g. to
choose a random port.)
* seq() and seq.int() give more explicit error messages if called
with invalid (e.g. NaN) inputs.
* When parse() finds a syntax error, it now makes partial parse
information available up to the location of the error. (Request
of Reijo Sund.)
* Methods invoked by NextMethod() had a different dynamic parent to
the generic. This was causing trouble where S3 methods invoked
via lazy evaluation could lose track of their generic.
(PR#15267)
* Code for the negative binomial distribution now treats the case
size == 0 as a one-point distribution at zero.
* abbreviate() handles without warning non-ASCII input strings
which require no abbreviation.
* read.dcf() no longer has a limit of 8191 bytes per line. (Wish of
PR#15250.)
* formatC(x) no longer copies the class of x to the result, to
avoid misuse creating invalid objects as in PR#15303. A warning
is given if a class is discarded.
* Dataset npk has been copied from MASS to allow more tests to be
run without recommended packages being installed.
* The initialization of the regression coefficients for
non-degenerate differenced models in arima() has been changed and
in some examples avoids a local maximum. (PR#15396)
* termplot() now has an argument transform.x to control the display
of individual terms in the plot. (PR#15329)
* format() now supports digits = 0, to display nsmall decimal
places.
* There is a new read-only par() parameter called "page", which
returns a logical value indicating whether the next plot.new()
call will start a new page.
* Processing Sweave and Rd documents to PDF now renders backticks
* utils::modifyList() gets a new argument keep.null allowing NULL
components in the replacement to be retained, instead of causing
corresponding components to be deleted.
* tools::pkgVignettes() gains argument check; if set to TRUE, it
will warn when it appears a vignette requests a non-existent
vignette engine.
libraries when previously preferring libraries from pkgsrc causes conflicts.
Fixes build on SmartOS where the platform /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 for legacy
applications conflicts with GCC libraries from pkgsrc.
Approved by wiz@
Upstream changes:
CHANGES IN R VERSION 2.15.1:
NEW FEATURES:
o source() now uses withVisible() rather than
.Internal(eval.with.vis). This sometimes alters tracebacks
slightly.
o install.packages("pkg_version.tgz") on Mac OS X now has sanity
checks that this is actually a binary package (as people have
tried it with incorrectly named source packages).
o splineDesign() and spline.des() in package splines have a new
option sparse which can be used for efficient construction of a
sparse B-spline design matrix (_via_ Matrix).
o norm() now allows type = "2" (the 'spectral' or 2-norm) as well,
mainly for didactical completeness.
o pmin() and pmax()) now also work when one of the inputs is of
length zero and others are not, returning a zero-length vector,
analogously to, say, +.
o colorRamp() (and hence colorRampPalette()) now also works for the
boundary case of just one color when the ramp is flat.
o qqline() has new optional arguments distribution, probs and
qtype, following the example of lattice's panel.qqmathline().
o .C() gains some protection against the misuse of character vector
arguments. (An all too common error is to pass character(N),
which initializes the elements to "", and then attempt to edit
the strings in-place, sometimes forgetting to terminate them.)
o Calls to the new function globalVariables() in package utils
declare that functions and other objects in a package should be
treated as globally defined, so that CMD check will not note
them.
o print(packageDescription(*)) trims the Collate field by default.
o The included copy of zlib has been updated to version 1.2.7.
o A new option "show.error.locations" has been added. When set to
TRUE, error messages will contain the location of the most recent
call containing source reference information. (Other values are
supported as well; see ?options.)
o The NA warning messages from e.g. pchisq() now report the call to
the closure and not that of the .Internal.
o Added Polish translations by <c5><81>ukasz Daniel.
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS:
o In package parallel, makeForkCluster() and the multicore-based
functions use native byte-order for serialization (deferred from
2.15.0).
o lm.fit(), lm.wfit(), glm.fit() and lsfit() do less copying of
objects, mainly by using .Call() rather than .Fortran().
o .C() and .Fortran() do less copying: arguments which are raw,
logical, integer, real or complex vectors and are unnamed are not
copied before the call, and (named or not) are not copied after
the call. Lists are no longer copied (they are supposed to be
used read-only in the C code).
o tabulate() makes use of .C(DUP = FALSE) and hence does not copy
bin. (Suggested by Tim Hesterberg.) It also avoids making a
copy of a factor argument bin.
o Other functions (often or always) doing less copying include
cut(), dist(), the complex case of eigen(), hclust(), image(),
kmeans(), loess(), stl() and svd(LINPACK = TRUE).
o There is less copying when using primitive replacement functions
such as names(), attr() and attributes().
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT:
o The converters for use with .C() (see ?getCConverterDescriptions)
are deprecated: use the .Call() interface instead. There are no
known examples (they were never fully documented).
UTILITIES:
o For R CMD check, a few people have reported problems with
junctions on Windows (although they were tested on Windows 7, XP
and Server 2008 machines and it is unknown under what
circumstances the problems occur). Setting the environment
variable R_WIN_NO_JUNCTIONS to a non-empty value (e.g. in
~/.R/check.Renviron) will force copies to be used instead.
INSTALLATION:
o R CMD INSTALL with _R_CHECK_INSTALL_DEPENDS_ set to a true value
(as done by R CMD check --as-cran) now restricts the packages
available when lazy-loading as well as when test-loading (since
packages such as ETLUtils and agsemisc had top-level calls to
library() for undeclared packages).
This check is now also available on Windows.
C-LEVEL FACILITIES:
o C entry points mkChar and mkCharCE now check that the length of
the string they are passed does not exceed 2^31-1 bytes: they
used to overflow with unpredictable consequences.
o C entry points R_GetCurrentSrcref and R_GetSrcFilename have been
added to the API to allow debuggers access to the source
references on the stack.
WINDOWS-SPECIFIC CHANGES:
o Windows-specific changes will now be announced in this file
(NEWS). Changes up and including R 2.15.0 remain in the CHANGES
file.
o There are two new environment variables which control the
defaults for command-line options.
If R_WIN_INTERNET2 is set to a non-empty value, it is as if
--internet2 was used.
If R_MAX_MEM_SIZE is set, it gives the default memory limit if
--max-mem-size is not specified: invalid values being ignored.
BUG FIXES:
o lsfit() lost the names from the residuals.
o More cases in which merge() could create a data frame with
duplicate column names now give warnings. Cases where names
specified in by match multiple columns are errors.
o Nonsense uses such as seq(1:50, by = 5) (from package plotrix)
and seq.int(1:50, by = 5) are now errors.
o The residuals in the 5-number summary printed by summary() on an
"lm" object are now explicitly labelled as weighted residuals
when non-constant weights are present. (Wish of PR#14840.)
o tracemem() reported that all objects were copied by .C() or
.Fortran() whereas only some object types were ever copied.
It also reported and marked as copies _some_ transformations such
as rexp(n, x): it no longer does so.
o The plot() method for class "stepfun" only used the optional xval
argument to compute xlim and not the points at which to plot (as
documented). (PR#14864)
o Names containing characters which need to be escaped were not
deparsed properly. (PR#14846)
o Trying to update (recommended) packages in R_HOME/library without
write access is now dealt with more gracefully. Further, such
package updates may be skipped (with a warning), when a newer
installed version is already going to be used from .libPaths().
(PR#14866)
o hclust() is now fast again (as up to end of 2003), with a
different fix for the "median"/"centroid" problem. (PR#4195).
o get_all_vars() failed when the data came entirely from vectors in
the global environment. (PR#14847)
o R CMD check with _R_CHECK_NO_RECOMMENDED_ set to a true value (as
done by the --as-cran option) could issue false errors if there
was an indirect dependency on a recommended package.
o formatC() uses the C entry point str_signif which could write
beyond the length allocated for the output string.
o Missing default argument added to implicit S4 generic for
backsolve(). (PR#14883)
o Some bugs have been fixed in handling load actions that could
fail to export assigned items or generate spurious warnings in
CMD check on loading.
o For tiff(type = "windows"), the numbering of per-page files
except the last was off by one.
o On Windows, loading package stats (which is done for a default
session) would switch line endings on stdout and stderr from CRLF
to LF. This affected Rterm and R CMD BATCH.
o On Windows, the compatibility function x11() had not kept up with
changes to windows(), and issued warnings about bad parameters.
(PR#14880)
o On Windows, the Sys.glob() function did not handle UNC paths as
it was designed to try to do. (PR#14884)
o In package parallel, clusterApply() and similar failed to handle
a (pretty pointless) length-1 argument. (PR#14898)
o Quartz Cocoa display reacted asynchronously to dev.flush() which
means that the redraw could be performed after the plot has been
already modified by subsequent code. The redraw is now done
synchronously in dev.flush() to allow animations without sleep
cycles.
o Source locations reported in traceback() were incorrect when
byte-compiled code was on the stack.
o plogis(x, lower = FALSE, log.p = TRUE) no longer underflows early
for large x (e.g. 800).
o ?Arithmetic's "1 ^ y and y ^ 0 are 1, _always_" now also applies
for integer vectors y.
o X11-based pixmap devices like png(type = "Xlib") were trying to
set the cursor style, which triggered some warnings and hangs.
o Code executed by the built-in HTTP server no longer allows other
HTTP clients to re-enter R until the current worker evaluation
finishes, to prevent cascades.
o The plot() and Axis() methods for class "table" now respect
graphical parameters such as cex.axis. (Reported by Martin
Becker.)
o Under some circumstances package.skeleton() would give out
progress reports that could not be translated and so were
displayed by question marks. Now they are always in English.
(This was seen for CJK locales on Windows, but may have occurred
elsewhere.)
o The evaluator now keeps track of source references outside of
functions, e.g. when source() executes a script.
o The replacement method for window() now works correctly for
multiple time series of class "mts". (PR#14925)
o is.unsorted() gave incorrect results on non-atomic objects such
as data frames. (Reported by Matthew Dowle.)
o The value returned by tools::psnice() for invalid pid values was
not always NA as documented.
o Closing an X11() window while locator() was active could abort
the R process.
o getMethod(f, sig) produced an incorrect error message in some
cases when f was not a string).
o Using a string as a "call" in an error condition with
options(showErrorCalls=TRUE) could cause a segfault. (PR#14931)
o The string "infinity" allowed by C99 was not accepted as a
numerical string value by e.g. scan() and as.character().
(PR#14933)
o In legend(), setting some entries of lwd to NA was inconsistent
(depending on the graphics device) in whether it would suppress
those lines; now it consistently does so. (PR#14926)
o by() failed for a zero-row data frame. (Reported by Weiqiang
Qian)
o Yates correction in chisq.test() could be bigger than the terms
it corrected, previously leading to an infinite test statistic in
some corner cases which are now reported as NaN.
o xgettext() and related functions sometimes returned items that
were not strings for translation. (PR#14935)
o plot(<lm>, which=5) now correctly labels the factor level
combinations for the special case where all h[i,i] are the same.
(PR#14837)
CHANGES IN R VERSION 2.15.0:
SIGNIFICANT USER-VISIBLE CHANGES:
o The behaviour of unlink(recursive = TRUE) for a symbolic link to
a directory has changed: it now removes the link rather than the
directory contents (just as rm -r does).
On Windows it no longer follows reparse points (including
junctions and symbolic links).
NEW FEATURES:
o Environment variable RD2DVI_INPUTENC has been renamed to
RD2PDF_INPUTENC.
o .Deprecated() becomes a bit more flexible, getting an old
argument.
o Even data-only packages without R code need a namespace and so
may need to be installed under R 2.14.0 or later.
o assignInNamespace() has further restrictions on use apart from at
top-level, as its help page has warned. Expect it to be disabled
from programmatic use in the future.
o system() and system2() when capturing output report a non-zero
status in the new "status" attribute.
o kronecker() now has an S4 generic in package methods on which
packages can set methods. It will be invoked by X %x% Y if
either X or Y is an S4 object.
o pdf() accepts forms like file = "|lpr" in the same way as
postscript().
o pdf() accepts file = NULL. This means that the device does NOT
create a PDF file (but it can still be queried, e.g., for font
metric info).
o format() (and hence print()) on "bibentry" objects now uses
options("width") to set the output width.
o legend() gains a text.font argument. (Suggested by Tim Paine,
PR#14719.)
o nchar() and nzchar() no longer accept factors (as integer
vectors). (Wish of PR#6899.)
o summary() behaves slightly differently (or more precisely, its
print() method does). For numeric inputs, the number of NAs is
printed as an integer and not a real. For dates and datetimes,
the number of NAs is included in the printed output (the latter
being the wish of PR#14720).
The "data.frame" method is more consistent with the default
method: in particular it now applies zapsmall() to
numeric/complex summaries.
o The number of items retained with options(warn = 0) can be set by
options(nwarnings=).
o There is a new function assignInMyNamespace() which uses the
namespace of the function it is called from.
o attach() allows the default name for an attached file to be
overridden.
o bxp(), the work horse of boxplot(), now uses a more sensible
default xlim in the case where at is specified differently from
1:n, see the discussion on R-devel, <URL:
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-devel/2011-November/062586.html>.
o New function paste0(), an efficient version of paste(*, sep=""),
to be used in many places for more concise (and slightly more
efficient) code.
o Function setClass() in package methods now returns, invisibly, a
generator function for the new class, slightly preferred to
calling new(), as explained on the setClass help page.
o The "dendrogram" method of str() now takes its default for
last.str from option str.dendrogram.last.
o New simple fitted() method for "kmeans" objects.
o The traceback() function can now be called with an integer
argument, to display a current stack trace. (Wish of PR#14770.)
o setGeneric() calls can be simplified when creating a new generic
function by supplying the default method as the def argument.
See ?setGeneric.
o serialize() has a new option xdr = FALSE which will use the
native byte-order for binary serializations. In scenarios where
only little-endian machines are involved (these days, close to
universal) and (un)serialization takes an appreciable amount of
time this may speed up noticeably transferring data between
systems.
o The internal (un)serialization code is faster for long vectors,
particularly with XDR on some platforms. (Based on a suggested
patch by Michael Spiegel.)
o For consistency, circles with zero radius are omitted by points()
and grid.circle(). Previously this was device-dependent, but
they were usually invisible.
o NROW(x) and NCOL(x) now work whenever dim(x) looks appropriate,
e.g., also for more generalized matrices.
o PCRE has been updated to version 8.30.
o The internal R_Srcref variable is now updated before the browser
stops on entering a function. (Suggestion of PR#14818.)
o There are 'bare-bones' functions .colSums(), .rowSums(),
.colMeans() and .rowMeans() for use in programming where ultimate
speed is required.
o The formerly internal function .package_dependencies() from
package tools for calculating (recursive) (reverse) dependencies
on package databases has been renamed to package_dependencies()
and is now exported.
o There is a new function optimHess() to compute the (approximate)
Hessian for an optim() solution if hessian = TRUE was forgotten.
o .filled.contour() is a 'bare-bones' function to add a
filled-contour rectangular plot to an already prepared plot
region.
o The stepping in debugging and single-step browsing modes has
changed slightly: now left braces at the start of the body are
stepped over for if statements as well as for for and while
statements. (Wish of PR#14814.)
o library() no longer warns about a conflict with a function from
package:base if the function has the same code as the base one
but with a different environment. (An example is Matrix::det().)
o When deparsing very large language objects, as.character() now
inserts newlines after each line of approximately 500 bytes,
rather than truncating to the first line.
o New function rWishart() generates Wishart-distributed random
matrices.
o Packages may now specify actions to be taken when the package is
loaded (setLoadActions()).
o options(max.print = Inf) and similar now give an error (instead
of warnings later).
o The "difftime" replacement method of units tries harder to
preserve other attributes of the argument. (Wish of PR#14839.)
o poly(raw = TRUE) no longer requires more unique points than the
degree. (Requested by John Fox.)
PACKAGE parallel:
o There is a new function mcmapply(), a parallel version of
mapply(), and a wrapper mcMap(), a parallel version of Map().
o A default cluster can be registered by the new function
setDefaultCluster(): this will be used by default in functions
such as parLapply().
o clusterMap() has a new argument .scheduling to allow the use of
load-balancing.
o There are new load-balancing functions parLapplyLB() and
parSapplyLB().
o makePSOCKCluster() has a new option useXDR = FALSE which can be
used to avoid byte-shuffling for serialization when all the nodes
are known to be little-endian (or all big-endian).
PACKAGE INSTALLATION:
o Non-ASCII vignettes without a declared encoding are no longer
accepted.
o C/C++ code in packages is now compiled with -NDEBUG to mitigate
against the C/C++ function assert being called in production use.
Developers can turn this off during package development with
PKG_CPPFLAGS = -UNDEBUG.
o R CMD INSTALL has a new option --dsym which on Mac OS X (Darwin)
dumps the symbols alongside the .so file: this is helpful when
debugging with valgrind (and especially when installing packages
into R.framework). [This can also be enabled by setting the
undocumented environment variable PKG_MAKE_DSYM, since R 2.12.0.]
o R CMD INSTALL will test loading under all installed
sub-architectures even for packages without compiled code, unless
the flag --no-multiarch is used. (Pure R packages can do things
which are architecture-dependent: in the case which prompted
this, looking for an icon in a Windows R executable.)
o There is a new option install.packages(type = "both") which tries
source packages if binary packages are not available, on those
platforms where the latter is the default.
o The meaning of install.packages(dependencies = TRUE) has changed:
it now means to install the essential dependencies of the named
packages plus the Suggests, but only the essential dependencies
of dependencies. To get the previous behaviour, specify
dependencies as a character vector.
o R CMD INSTALL --merge-multiarch is now supported on OS X and
other Unix-alikes using multiple sub-architectures.
o R CMD INSTALL --libs-only now by default does a test load on
Unix-alikes as well as on Windows: suppress with --no-test-load.
UTILITIES:
o R CMD check now gives a warning rather than a note if it finds
inefficiently compressed datasets. With bzip2 and xz compression
having been available since R 2.10.0, it only exceptionally makes
sense to not use them.
The environment variable _R_CHECK_COMPACT_DATA2_ is no longer
consulted: the check is always done if _R_CHECK_COMPACT_DATA_ has
a true value (its default).
o Where multiple sub-architectures are to be tested, R CMD check
now runs the examples and tests for all the sub-architectures
even if one fails.
o R CMD check can optionally report timings on various parts of the
check: this is controlled by environment variable
_R_CHECK_TIMINGS_ documented in 'Writing R Extensions'. Timings
(in the style of R CMD BATCH) are given at the foot of the output
files from running each test and the R code in each vignette.
o There are new options for more rigorous testing by R CMD check
selected by environment variables - see the 'Writing R
Extensions' manual.
o R CMD check now warns (rather than notes) on undeclared use of
other packages in examples and tests: increasingly people are
using the metadata in the DESCRIPTION file to compute information
about packages, for example reverse dependencies.
o The defaults for some of the options in R CMD check (described in
the 'R Internals' manual) have changed: checks for unsafe and
.Internal() calls and for partial matching of arguments in R
function calls are now done by default.
o R CMD check has more comprehensive facilities for checking
compiled code and so gives fewer reports on entry points linked
into .so/.dll files from libraries (including C++ and Fortran
runtimes).
Checking compiled code is now done on FreeBSD (as well as the
existing supported platforms of Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris and
Windows).
o R CMD build has more options for --compact-vignettes: see R CMD
build --help.
o R CMD build has a new option --md5 to add an MD5 file (as done by
CRAN): this is used by R CMD INSTALL to check the integrity of
the distribution.
If this option is not specified, any existing (and probably
stale) MD5 file is removed.
DEPRECATED AND DEFUNCT:
o R CMD Rd2dvi is now defunct: use R CMD Rd2pdf.
o Options such --max-nsize, --max-vsize and the function
mem.limits() are now defunct. (Options --min-nsize and
--min-vsize remain available.)
o Use of library.dynam() without specifying all the first three
arguments is now disallowed.
Use of an argument chname in library.dynam() including the
extension .so or .dll (which was never allowed according to the
help page) is defunct. This also applies to
library.dynam.unload() and to useDynLib directives in NAMESPACE
files.
o The internal functions .readRDS() and .saveRDS() are now defunct.
o The off-line help() types "postscript" and "ps" are defunct.
o Sys.putenv(), replaced and deprecated in R 2.5.0, is finally
removed.
o Some functions/objects which have been defunct for five or more
years have been removed completely. These include .Alias(),
La.chol(), La.chol2inv(), La.eigen(), Machine(), Platform(),
Version, codes(), delay(), format.char(), getenv(), httpclient(),
loadURL(), machine(), parse.dcf(), printNoClass(), provide(),
read.table.url(), restart(), scan.url(), symbol.C(), symbol.For()
and unix().
o The ENCODING argument to .C() is deprecated. It was intended to
smooth the transition to multi-byte character strings, but can be
replaced by the use of iconv() in the rare cases where it is
still needed.
INSTALLATION:
o Building with a positive value of --with-valgrind-instrumentation
now also instruments logical, complex and raw vectors.
C-LEVEL FACILITIES:
o Passing R objects other than atomic vectors, functions, lists and
environments to .C() is now deprecated and will give a warning.
Most cases (especially NULL) are actually coding errors. NULL
will be disallowed in future.
.C() now passes a pairlist as a SEXP to the compiled code. This
is as was documented, but pairlists were in reality handled
differently as a legacy from the early days of R.
o call_R and call_S are deprecated. They still exist in the
headers and as entry points, but are no longer documented and
should not be used for new code.
BUG FIXES:
o str(x, width) now obeys its width argument also for function
headers and other objects x where deparse() is applied.
o The convention for x %/% 0L for integer-mode x has been changed
from 0L to NA_integer_. (PR#14754)
o The exportMethods directive in a NAMESPACE file now exports S4
generics as necessary, as the extensions manual said it does.
The manual has also been updated to be a little more informative
on this point.
It is now required that there is an S4 generic (imported or
created in the package) when methods are to be exported.
o Reference methods cannot safely use non-exported entries in the
namespace. We now do not do so, and warn in the documentation.
o The namespace import code was warning when identical S4 generic
functions were imported more than once, but should not (reported
by Brian Ripley, then Martin Morgan).
o merge() is no longer allowed (in some ways) to create a data
frame with duplicate column names (which confused PR#14786).
o Fixes for rendering raster images on X11 and Windows devices when
the x-axis or y-axis scale is reversed.
o getAnywhere() found S3 methods as seen from the utils namespace
and not from the environment from which it was called.
o selectMethod(f, sig) would not return inherited group methods
when caching was off (as it is by default).
o dev.copy2pdf(out.type = "cairo") gave an error. (PR#14827)
o Virtual classes (e.g., class unions) had a NULL prototype even if
that was not a legal subclass. See ?setClassUnion.
o The C prototypes for zdotc and zdotu in R_ext/BLAS.h have been
changed to the more modern style rather than that used by f2c.
(Patch by Berwin Turlach.)
o isGeneric() produced an error for primitives that can not have
methods.
o .C() or .Fortran() had a lack-of-protection error if the
registration information resulted in an argument being coerced to
another type.
o boxplot(x=x, at=at) with non finite elements in x and non integer
at could not generate a warning but failed.
o heatmap(x, symm=TRUE, RowSideColors=*) no longer draws the colors
in reversed order.
o predict(<ar>) was incorrect in the multivariate case, for p >= 2.
o print(x, max=m) is now consistent when x is a "Date"; also the
"reached ... max.print .." messages are now consistently using
single brackets.
o Closed the <li> tag in pages generated by Rd2HTML(). (PR#14841.)
o Axis tick marks could go out of range when a log scale was used.
(PR#14833.)
o Signature objects in methods were not allocated as S4 objects
(caused a problem with trace() reported by Martin Morgan).
CHANGES IN R VERSION 2.14.2:
NEW FEATURES:
o The internal untar() (as used by default by R CMD INSTALL) now
knows about some pax headers which bsdtar (e.g., the default tar
for Mac OS >= 10.6) can incorrectly include in tar files, and
will skip them with a warning.
o Function compactPDF() in package tools now takes the default for
argument gs_quality from environment variable GS_QUALITY: there
is a new value "none", the ultimate default, which prevents
GhostScript being used in preference to qpdf just because
environment variable R_GSCMD is set. If R_GSCMD is unset or set
to "", the function will try to find a suitable GhostScript
executable.
o For consistency with the logLik() method, nobs() for "nls" files
now excludes observations with zero weight. (Reported by Berwin
Turlach.)
UTILITIES:
o R CMD check now reports by default on licenses not according to
the description in 'Writing R Extensions'.
o R CMD check has a new option --as-cran to turn on most of the
customizations that CRAN uses for its incoming checks.
PACKAGE INSTALLATION:
o R CMD INSTALL will now no longer install certain file types from
inst/doc: these are almost certainly mistakes and for some
packages are wasting a lot of space.
+ BUG FIXES
CHANGES IN R VERSION 2.14.1:
NEW FEATURES:
o parallel::detectCores() is now able to find the number of
physical cores (rather than CPUs) on Sparc Solaris.
It can also do so on most versions of Windows; however the
default remains detectCores(logical = TRUE) on that platform.
o Reference classes now keep a record of which fields are locked.
$lock() with no arguments returns the names of the locked fields.
o HoltWinters() reports a warning rather than an error for some
optimization failures (where the answer might be a reasonable
one).
o tools::dependsOnPkg() now accepts the shorthand dependencies =
"all".
o parallel::clusterExport() now allows specification of an
environment from which to export.
o The quartz() device now does tilde expansion on its file
argument.
o Option print in Sweave's RweaveLatex() driver now emulates
auto-printing rather than printing (which can differ for an S4
object by calling show() rather than print()).
o filled.contour() now accepts infinite values: previously it might
have generated invalid graphics files (e.g. containing NaN
values).
+ BUG FIXES
* Packages must have been installed under R >= 2.10.0, as the
current help system is the only one now supported.
* A port to 64-bit Windows is now available as well as binary package
repositiories: see the 'R Administration and Installation Manual'.
* Argument matching for primitive functions is now done in the same way
as for interpreted functions except for the deliberate exceptions
call switch .C .Fortran .Call .External
all of which use positional matching for their first argument,
and also some internal-use-only primitives.
* The default device for command-line R at the console on Mac OS X
is now quartz() and not X11().
New features
* The 'open' modes for connections are now interpreted more consistently.
* R CMD INSTALL now uses the internal untar() in package utils.
* help(try.all.packages = TRUE) is much faster.
* R CMD check has a new option '--timings' to record per-example timings
in file <pkg>.Rcheck/<pkg>-Ex.timings.
* The TRE library has been updated to version 0.8.0 (minor bugfixes).
More...
* Package help is now converted from Rd by the R-based converters
that were first introduced in 2.9.0.
* HTML help is now generated dynamically using an HTTP server
running in the R process and listening on the loopback interface.
* polygon(), pdf() and postscript() now have a parameter
'fillOddEven' (default FALSE), which controls the mode used for
polygon fills of self-intersecting shapes.
* New debugonce() function; further,
getOption("deparse.max.lines") is now observed when debugging.
* plot() methods for "stepfun" and hence "ecdf" no longer plot
points by default for n >= 1000.
* [g]sub(*, perl=TRUE) now also supports '\E' in order to *end*
\U and \L case changes, thanks to a patch from Bill Dunlap.
* factor(), `levels<-`(), etc, now ensure that the resulting factor
levels are unique (as was always the implied intention). Factors
with duplicated levels are still constructible by low-level means,
but are now declared illegal.
* New print() (S3) method for class "function", also used for
auto-printing. Further, .Primitive functions now print and
auto-print identically.
* The print() and toLatex() methods for class "sessionInfo" now
show the locale in a nicer format and have arguments to
suppress locale information.
* In addition to previously only round(), there are other 'Math'
group (S3) methods for 'difftime', such as floor(), signif(), abs(), etc.
* For completeness, old.packages() and available.packages() allow
'type' to be specified (you could always specify 'available'
or 'contriburl').
* More...
SIGNIFICANT USER-VISIBLE CHANGES
o The default graphics device in non-interactive use is now
pdf() rather than postscript(). [PDF viewers are now
more widely available than PostScript viewers.]
The default width and height for pdf() and bitmap() have been
changed to 7 (inches) to match the screen devices.
o Most users of the X11() device will see a new device that has
different fonts, anti-aliasing of lines and fonts and
supports semi-transparent colours.
o Considerable efforts have been made to make the default output
from graphics devices as similar as possible (and in
particular close to that from postscript/pdf). Many devices
were misinterpreting 'pointsize' in some way, for example as
being in device units (pixels) rather than in points.
o Packages which include graphics devices need to be re-installed
for this version of R, with recently updated versions.
+ New features and bug fixes.
Changes are basically bugfixes.
pkgsrc changes:
Don't bother patching configure.ac - it was only part of the changes
being made to configure so don't pretend you could use it to regerate
configure.
Use -fPIC rather than -fpic for NetBSD powerpc. Should fix PR 38032.
patch-ac that altered the order in which the terminal library for
readline was detected. The termcap.buildlink3.mk file (included
indirectly by readline/buildlink3.mk) will do the right thing by
itself.
+ Modify the pkg-index.tmpl INSTALL script fragment: we can just use
${PKG_PREFIX} instead of substituting for @PREFIX@ everywhere. Also
refactor the commands to rebuild the package index into a shell
function and give some indication to the user what is happening.
+ Remove chown operation in post-install that was basically
cargo-culted from the very first version of R imported into pkgsrc.
It's not necessary.
+ Support user-destdir installation.
Bump the PKGREVISION to 2.
pkgsrc changes: no longer automatically generate the PLIST.
use (de)install templates for handling updating the index files
when adding/removing R packages.
Changes 2.4.1
This is a maintenance release and fixes a number of mostly minor bugs.
Changes 2.4.0
This release has many new features. One important aspect is that S4
classes now have their own internal type, and S4 method dispatch has
been completely revised to using cached generic functions, giving
substantial performance improvements. As a consequence, all packages
depending on "methods" need to be reinstalled.
This version contains several minor fixups and removes a couple of bad
bugs such as NA-handling of mean() for integer vectors.
Changes 2.3.0
This version contains several changes and additions, mostly incremental.
USER-VISIBLE CHANGES
o options("expressions") has been reduced to 1000: the limit
of 5000 introduced in 2.1.0 was liable to give crashes from C
stack overflow.
NEW FEATURES
o Use of 'pch' (e.g. in points) in the symbol font 5 is now
interpreted in the single-byte encoding used by that font.
Similarly, strwidth now recognizes that font 5 has a different
encoding from that of the locale. (These are likely to affect
the answer only in MBCS locales such as UTF-8.)
o The URW font metrics have been updated to versions from late
2002 which cover more glyphs, including Cyrillic.
o New postscript encodings for CP1250 (Windows East European),
ISO Latin-7 (8859-13, Latvian, Lithuanian and Maori), Cyrillic
(8859-5), KOI8-R, KOI8-U and CP1251.
o configure has more support for the Intel and Portland Group
compilers on ix86 and x86_64 Linux.
o R CMD INSTALL will clean up if interrupted (e.g. by ctrl-C from
the keyboard).
o There is now a comprehensive French translation of the messages,
thanks to Philippe Grosjean.
DEPRECATED & DEFUNCT
o The undocumented use of atan() with two arguments is deprecated:
instead use atan2() (as documented).
o The 'vfont' argument of axis() and mtext() is deprecated
(it currently warns and does nothing).
o The function mauchley.test() is deprecated (was a misspelling)
and replaced by mauchly.test()
Many BUG FIXES
- this uses libtool, tell the framework so
- don't declare alloca on DragonFly, it conflicts with system headers
- patch libtool.m4 fragment for DrgaonFly
Changes 2.0.1:
This is a maintenance version mainly to fix a number of minor bugs and
issues. Some rather nasty bugs were Windows-specific.
Changes 2.0.0:
Many things have changed since 1.0. The R language has acquired namespaces,
exception handling constructs, formal methods and classes, much improved
garbage collection, generalized I/O via connection objects, and
considerable improvements in the graphics area. The user workspace has been
reorganized, and so has the set of packages that ship with R. Several
"recommended packages" deemed indispensable in a statistical system are
bundled. In addition, there has been a large number of more specific new
functions, tweaks, and bugfixes.
markd
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joerg
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