PostgreSQL 14.1, 13.5, 12.9, 11.14, 10.19, and 9.6.24
Security Issues
CVE-2021-23214: Server processes unencrypted bytes from man-in-the-middle
Versions Affected: 9.6 - 14. The security team typically does not test unsupported versions, but this problem is quite old.
When the server is configured to use trust authentication with a clientcert requirement or to use cert authentication, a man-in-the-middle attacker can inject arbitrary SQL queries when a connection is first established, despite the use of SSL certificate verification and encryption.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Jacob Champion for reporting this problem.
CVE-2021-23222: libpq processes unencrypted bytes from man-in-the-middle
Versions Affected: 9.6 - 14. The security team typically does not test unsupported versions, but this problem is quite old.
A man-in-the-middle attacker can inject false responses to the client's first few queries, despite the use of SSL certificate verification and encryption.
If more preconditions hold, the attacker can exfiltrate the client's password or other confidential data that might be transmitted early in a session. The attacker must have a way to trick the client's intended server into making the confidential data accessible to the attacker. A known implementation having that property is a PostgreSQL configuration vulnerable to CVE-2021-23214.
As with any exploitation of CVE-2021-23214, the server must be using trust authentication with a clientcert requirement or using cert authentication. To disclose a password, the client must be in possession of a password, which is atypical when using an authentication configuration vulnerable to CVE-2021-23214. The attacker must have some other way to access the server to retrieve the exfiltrated data (a valid, unprivileged login account would be sufficient).
The PostgreSQL project thanks Jacob Champion for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update fixes over 40 bugs that were reported in the last several months. The issues listed below affect PostgreSQL 14. Some of these issues may also affect other supported versions of PostgreSQL.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix physical replication for cases where the primary crashes after shipping a WAL segment that ends with a partial WAL record. When applying this update, update your standby servers before the primary so that they will be ready to handle the fix if the primary happens to crash.
Fix parallel VACUUM so that it will process indexes below the min_parallel_index_scan_size threshold if the table has at least two indexes that are above that size. This problem does not affect autovacuum. If you are affected by this issue, you should reindex any manually-vacuumed tables.
Fix causes of CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY and REINDEX CONCURRENTLY writing corrupt indexes. You should reindex any concurrently-built indexes.
Fix for attaching/detaching a partition that could allow certain INSERT/UPDATE queries to misbehave in active sessions.
Fix for creating a new range type with CREATE TYPE that could cause problems for later event triggers or subsequent executions of the CREATE TYPE command.
Fix updates of element fields in arrays of a domain that is a part of a composite.
Disallow the combination of FETCH FIRST WITH TIES and FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED.
Fix corner-case loss of precision in the numeric power() function.
Fix restoration of a Portal's snapshot inside a subtransaction, which could lead to a crash. For example, this could occur in PL/pgSQL when a COMMIT is immediately followed by a BEGIN ... EXCEPTION block that performs a query.
Clean up correctly if a transaction fails after exporting its snapshot. This could occur if a replication slot was created then rolled back, and then another replication slot was created in the same session.
Fix for "overflowed-subtransaction" wraparound tracking on standby servers that could lead to performance degradation.
Ensure that prepared transactions are properly accounted for during promotion of a standby server.
Ensure that the correct lock level is used when renaming a table.
Avoid crash when dropping a role that owns objects being dropped concurrently.
Disallow setting huge_pages to on when shared_memory_type is sysv
Fix query type checking in the PL/pgSQL RETURN QUERY.
Several fixes for pg_dump, including the ability to dump non-global default privileges correctly.
Use the CLDR project's data to map Windows time zone names to IANA time zones.
This update also contains tzdata release 2021e for DST law changes in Fiji, Jordan, Palestine, and Samoa, plus historical corrections for Barbados, Cook Islands, Guyana, Niue, Portugal, and Tonga.
Also, the Pacific/Enderbury zone has been renamed to Pacific/Kanton. Also, the following zones have been merged into nearby, more-populous zones whose clocks have agreed with them since 1970: Africa/Accra, America/Atikokan, America/Blanc-Sablon, America/Creston, America/Curacao, America/Nassau, America/Port_of_Spain, Antarctica/DumontDUrville, and Antarctica/Syowa. In all these cases, the previous zone name remains as an alias.
PostgreSQL 13.4, 12.8, 11.13, 10.18, 9.6.23
Security Issues
CVE-2021-3677: Memory disclosure in certain queries
Versions Affected: 11 - 13.
A purpose-crafted query can read arbitrary bytes of server memory. In the default configuration, any authenticated database user can complete this attack at will. The attack does not require the ability to create objects. If server settings include max_worker_processes=0, the known versions of this attack are infeasible. However, undiscovered variants of the attack may be independent of that setting.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 75 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 13, but many affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Completely disable TLS/SSL renegotiation. This was previously disabled, but the server would still execute a client-initiated renegotiation request.
Restore the Portal-level snapshot after COMMIT or ROLLBACK within a procedure. This change fixes cases where an attempt to fetch a toasted value immediately after COMMIT/ROLLBACK would fail with errors like "no known snapshots" or "missing chunk number 0 for toast value".
Avoid misbehavior when persisting the output of a cursor that's reading a volatile query.
Reject cases where a query in WITH rewrites to just NOTIFY, which would cause a crash.
Several corner-case fixes for numeric types.
ALTER EXTENSION now locks the extension when adding or removing a member object.
The "enabled" status is now copied when a partitioned table's triggers are cloned to a new partition.
Avoid alias conflicts in queries generated for REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY. This command failed on materialized views containing columns with certain names, notably mv and newdata.
Disallow whole-row variables in GENERATED expressions.
Several fixes for DROP OWNED BY behavior in relation to row-level security (RLS) policies.
Re-allow old-style Windows locale names in CREATE COLLATION commands.
walsenders now show their latest replication command in pg_stat_activity, instead of just showing the latest SQL command.
pg_settings.pending_restart now shows as true when a pertinent entry in postgresql.conf is removed.
On 64-bit Windows, allow the effective value of work_mem * hash_mem_multiplier to exceed 2GB.
Update minimum recovery point when WAL replay of a transaction abort record causes file truncation.
Advance oldest-required-WAL-segment horizon properly after a replication slot is invalidated. This fixes an issue where the server's WAL storage could run out of space.
Improve progress reporting for the sort phase of a parallel B-tree index build.
Fix assorted crash cases in logical replication of partitioned-table updates and when firing AFTER triggers of partitioned tables.
Prevent infinite loops in SP-GiST index insertion.
Ensure that SP-GiST index insertion can be terminated by a query cancel request.
In psql and other client programs, avoid overrunning the ends of strings when dealing with invalidly-encoded data.
Fix pg_dump to correctly handle triggers on partitioned tables whose enabled status is different from their parent triggers' status.
Avoid "invalid creation date in header" warnings when running pg_restore on a file created in a different time zone.
pg_upgrade now carries forward the old installation's oldestXID value and no longer forces an anti-wraparound VACUUM."
Extend pg_upgrade to detect and warn about extensions that should be upgraded.
Fix contrib/postgres_fdw to better work with generated columns, so long as a generated column in a foreign table represents a generated column in the remote table.
PostgreSQL 13.3, 12.7, 11.12, 10.17, and 9.6.22 Released!
Posted on 2021-05-13 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group
PostgreSQL Project Security
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 13.3, 12.7, 11.12, 10.17, and 9.6.22. This release closes three security vulnerabilities and fixes over 45 bugs reported over the last three months.
For the full list of changes, please review the release notes.
Security Issues
CVE-2021-32027: Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array subscripting calculations
Versions Affected: 9.6 - 13. The security team typically does not test unsupported versions, but this problem is quite old.
While modifying certain SQL array values, missing bounds checks let authenticated database users write arbitrary bytes to a wide area of server memory.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Tom Lane for reporting this problem.
CVE-2021-32028: Memory disclosure in INSERT ... ON CONFLICT ... DO UPDATE
Versions Affected: 9.6 - 13. The security team typically does not test unsupported versions. The feature first appeared in 9.5.
Using an INSERT ... ON CONFLICT ... DO UPDATE command on a purpose-crafted table, an attacker can read arbitrary bytes of server memory. In the default configuration, any authenticated database user can create prerequisite objects and complete this attack at will. A user lacking the CREATE and TEMPORARY privileges on all databases and the CREATE privilege on all schemas cannot use this attack at will.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Andres Freund for reporting this problem.
CVE-2021-32029: Memory disclosure in partitioned-table UPDATE ... RETURNING
Versions Affected: 11 - 13
Using an UPDATE ... RETURNING on a purpose-crafted partitioned table, an attacker can read arbitrary bytes of server memory. In the default configuration, any authenticated database user can create prerequisite objects and complete this attack at will. A user lacking the CREATE and TEMPORARY privileges on all databases and the CREATE privilege on all schemas typically cannot use this attack at will.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Tom Lane for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update fixes over 45 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues only affect version 13, but could also apply to other supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix potential incorrect computation of UPDATE ... RETURNING outputs for joined, cross-partition updates.
Fix ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT when used on foreign-key constraints on partitioned tables. The command would fail to adjust the DEFERRABLE and/or INITIALLY DEFERRED properties of the constraints and triggers of leaf partitions, leading to unexpected behavior. After updating to this version, you can execute the ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT command to fix any misbehaving partitioned tables.
Ensure that when a child table is attached with ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT that generated columns in the parent are generated in the same way in the child.
Forbid marking an identity column as NULL.
Allow ALTER ROLE ... SET/ALTER DATABASE ... SET to set the role, session_authorization, and temp_buffers parameters.
Ensure that REINDEX CONCURRENTLY preserves any statistics target set for the index.
Fix an issue where, in some cases, saving records within AFTER triggers could cause crashes.
Fix how to_char() handles Roman-numeral month format codes with negative intervals.
Fix use of uninitialized value while parsing an \{m,n\} quantifier in a BRE-mode regular expression.
Fix "could not find pathkey item to sort" planner errors that occur in some situations when the sort key involves an aggregate or window function.
Fix issue with BRIN index bitmap scans that could lead to "could not open file" errors.
Fix potentially wrong answers from GIN tsvector index searches when there are many matching records.
Fixes for COMMIT AND CHAIN functionality on both the server and psql.
Avoid incorrect timeline change while recovering uncommitted two-phase transactions from WAL, which could lead to consistency issues and the inability to restart the server.
Ensure thatwal_sync_method is set to fdatasync by default on newer FreeBSD releases.
Disable the vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor parameter and storage option.
Fix several memory leaks in the server, including one with SSL/TLS parameter initialization.
Restore the previous behavior of \connect service=XYZ to psql, i.e. disallow environmental variables (e.g. PGPORT) from overriding entries in the service file.
Fix how pg_dump handles generated columns in partitioned tables.
Add additional checks to pg_upgrade for user tables containing non-upgradable data types.
On Windows, initdb now prints instructions about how to start the server with pg_ctl using backslash separators.
Fix pg_waldump to count XACT records correctly when generating per-record statistics.
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 13.2, 12.6, 11.11, 10.16, 9.6.21, and 9.5.25. This release closes two security vulnerabilities and fixes over 80 bugs reported over the last three months.
Additionally, this is the final release of PostgreSQL 9.5. If you are running PostgreSQL 9.5 in a production environment, we suggest that you make plans to upgrade.
For the full list of changes, please review the release notes.
Security Issues
CVE-2021-3393: Partition constraint violation errors leak values of denied columns
Versions Affected: 11 - 13.
A user having an UPDATE privilege on a partitioned table but lacking the SELECT privilege on some column may be able to acquire denied-column values from an error message. This is similar to CVE-2014-8161, but the conditions to exploit are more rare.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Heikki Linnakangas for reporting this problem.
CVE-2021-20229: Single-column SELECT privilege enables reading all columns
Versions Affected: 13.
A user having a SELECT privilege on an individual column can craft a special query that returns all columns of the table.
Additionally, a stored view that uses column-level privileges will have incomplete column-usage bitmaps. In installations that depend on column-level permissions for security, it is recommended to execute CREATE OR REPLACE on all user-defined views to force them to be re-parsed.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Sven Klemm for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update fixes over 80 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues only affect version 13, but could also apply to other supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix an issue with GiST indexes where concurrent insertions could lead to a corrupt index with entries placed in the wrong pages. You should REINDEX any affected GiST indexes.
Fix CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY to ensure rows from concurrent prepared transactions are included in the index. Installations that have enabled prepared transactions should REINDEX any concurrently-built indexes.
Fix for possible incorrect query results when a hash aggregation is spilled to disk.
Fix edge case in incremental sort that could lead to sorting results incorrectly or a "retrieved too many tuples in a bounded sort" error.
Avoid crash when a CALL or DO statement that performs a transaction rollback is executed via extended query protocol, such as from prepared statements.
Fix a failure when a PL/pgSQL procedure used CALL on another procedure that has OUT parameters that executed a COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
Remove errors from BEFORE UPDATE triggers on partitioned tables for restrictions that no longer apply.
Several fixes for queries with joins that could lead to error messages such as "no relation entry for relid N" or "failed to build any N-way joins".
Do not consider parallel-restricted or set-returning functions in an ORDER BY expressions when trying to parallelize sorts.
Fix ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES to handle duplicate arguments safely.
Several fixes in behavior when wal_level is set to minimal, including when tables are rewritten within a transaction.
Several fixes for CREATE TABLE LIKE.
Ensure that allocated disk space for a dropped relation (e.g. a table) is released promptly when a transaction is committed.
Fix progress reporting for CLUSTER.
Fix handling of backslash-escaped multibyte characters in COPY FROM.
Fix recently-introduced race conditions in LISTEN/NOTIFY queue handling.
Allow the jsonb concatenation operator (||) to handle all combinations of JSON data types.
Fix WAL-reading logic so that standbys can handle timeline switches correctly. This issue could have shown itself with errors like "requested WAL segment has already been removed".
Several leak fixes for the walsender process around logical decoding and replication.
Ensure that a nonempty value of krb_server_keyfile always overrides any setting of KRB5_KTNAME in the server environment
Several fixes for GSS encryption support.
Ensure the \connect command allows the use of a password in the connection_string argument.
Fix assorted bugs with the \help command.
Several fixes for pg_dump.
Ensure that pg_rewind accounts for all WAL when rewinding a standby server.
Fix memory leak in contrib/auto_explain.
Ensure all postgres_fdw connections are closed if the a user mapping or foreign server object those connections depend on are dropped.
Fix JIT compilation to be compatible with LLVM 11 and LLVM 12.
This update also contains tzdata release 2021a for DST law changes in Russia (Volgograd zone) and South Sudan, plus historical corrections for Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Ghana, Israel, Kenya, Nigeria, Palestine, Seychelles, and Vanuatu.
Notably, the Australia/Currie zone has been corrected to the point where it is identical to Australia/Hobart.
For the full list of changes available, please review the release notes.
PostgreSQL 9.5 is EOL
This is the final release of PostgreSQL 9.5. If you are running PostgreSQL 9.5 in a production environment, we suggest that you make plans to upgrade to a newer, supported version of PostgreSQL. Please see our versioning policy for more information.
PostgreSQL 13.1, 12.5, 11.10, 10.15, 9.6.20, and 9.5.24
Security Issues
* CVE-2020-25695: Multiple features escape "security restricted operation" sandbox
* CVE-2020-25694: Reconnection can downgrade connection security settings
* CVE-2020-25696: psql's \gset allows overwriting specially treated variables
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 65 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues only affect version 13, but may also apply to other supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix a breakage in the replication protocol by ensuring that two "command completion" events are expected for START_REPLICATION.
Ensure fsync is called on the SLRU caches that PostgreSQL maintains. This prevents potential data loss due to an operating system crash.
Fix ALTER ROLE usage for users with the BYPASSRLS permission.
ALTER TABLE ONLY ... DROP EXPRESSION is disallowed on partitioned tables when there are child tables.
Ensure that ALTER TABLE ONLY ... ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER does not apply to child tables.
Fix for ALTER TABLE ... SET NOT NULL on partitioned tables to avoid a potential deadlock in parallel pg_restore.
Fix handling of expressions in CREATE TABLE LIKE with inheritance.
DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY is disallowed on partitioned tables.
Allow LOCK TABLE to succeed on a self-referential view instead of throwing an error.
Several fixes around statistics collection and progress reporting for REINDEX CONCURRENTLY.
Ensure that GENERATED columns are updated when any columns they depend on are updated via a rule or an updatable view.
Support hash partitioning with text array columns as partition keys.
Allow the jsonpath .datetime() method to accept ISO 8601-format timestamps.
During a "smart" shutdown, ensure background processes are not terminated until all foreground client sessions are completed, fixing an issue that broke the processing of parallel queries.
Several fixes for the query planner and optimizer.
Ensure that data is de-toasted before being inserted into a BRIN index. This could manifest itself with errors like "missing chunk number 0 for toast value NNN". If you have seen a similar error in an existing BRIN index, you should be able to correct it by using REINDEX on the index.
Fix the output of EXPLAIN to have the correct XML tag nesting for incremental sort plans.
Several fixes for memory leaks, including ones involving RLS policies, using CALL with PL/pgSQL, SIGHUP processing a configuration parameter that cannot be applied without a restart, and an edge-case for index lookup for a partition.
libpq can now support arbitrary-length lines in the .pgpass file.
On Windows, psql now reads the output of a backtick command in text mode, not binary mode, so it can now properly handle newlines.
Fix how pg_dump, pg_restore, clusterdb, reindexdb, and vacuumdb use complex connection-string parameters.
When the \connect command of psql reuses connection parameters, ensure that all non-overridden parameters from a previous connection string are also re-used.
Ensure that pg_dump collects per-column information about extension configuration tables, avoiding crashes when specifying --inserts.
Ensure that parallel pg_restore processes foreign keys referencing partitioned tables in the correct order.
Several fixes for contrib/pgcrypto, including a memory leak fix.
PostgreSQL 12.4, 11.9, 10.14, 9.6.19, 9.5.23
Security Issues
CVE-2020-14349: Uncontrolled search path element in logical replication.
Versions Affected: 10 - 12.
The PostgreSQL search_path setting determines schemas searched for tables, functions, operators, etc. The CVE-2018-1058 fix caused most PostgreSQL-provided client applications to sanitize search_path, but logical replication continued to leave search_path unchanged. Users of a replication publisher or subscriber database can create objects in the public schema and harness them to execute arbitrary SQL functions under the identity running replication, often a superuser. Installations having adopted a documented secure schema usage pattern are not vulnerable.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Noah Misch for reporting this problem.
CVE-2020-14350: Uncontrolled search path element in CREATE EXTENSION.
Versions Affected: 9.5 - 12. The security team typically does not test unsupported versions, but this problem is quite old.
When a superuser runs certain CREATE EXTENSION statements, users may be able to execute arbitrary SQL functions under the identity of that superuser. The attacker must have permission to create objects in the new extension's schema or a schema of a prerequisite extension. Not all extensions are vulnerable.
In addition to correcting the extensions provided with PostgreSQL, the PostgreSQL Global Development Group is issuing guidance for third-party extension authors to secure their own work.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 50 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 12, but many affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix edge cases in partition pruning involving multiple partition key columns with multiple or no constraining WHERE clauses.
Several fixes for query planning and execution involving partitions.
Fix for determining when to execute a column-specific UPDATE trigger on a logical replication subscriber.
pg_replication_slot_advance() now updates the oldest xmin and LSN values, as the failure to do this could prevent resources (e.g. WAL files) from being cleaned up.
Fix a performance regression in ts_headline().
Ensure that pg_read_file() and related functions read until EOF is reached, which fixes compatibility with pipes and other virtual files.
Forbid numeric NaN values in jsonpath computations, which do not exist in SQL nor JSON.
Several fixes for NaN inputs with aggregate functions. This fixes a change in PostgreSQL 12 where NaN values caused the following aggregates to emit values of 0 instead of NaN: corr(), covar_pop(), regr_intercept(), regr_r2(), regr_slope(), regr_sxx(), regr_sxy(), regr_syy(), stddev_pop(), and var_pop().
time and timetz values fractionally greater than 24:00:00 are now rejected.
Several fixes for EXPLAIN, including a fix for reporting resource usage when a plan uses parallel workers with "Gather Merge" nodes.
Fix timing of constraint revalidation in ALTER TABLE that could lead to odd errors.
Fix for REINDEX CONCURRENTLY that could prevent old values from being included in future logical decoding output.
Fix for LATERAL references that could potentially cause crashes during query execution.
Use the collation specified for a query when estimating operator costs
Fix conflict-checking anomalies in SERIALIZABLE transaction isolation mode.
Ensure checkpointer process discards file sync requests when fsync is off
Fix issue where pg_control could be written out with an inconsistent checksum, which could lead to the inability to restart the database if it crashed before the next pg_control update.
Ensure that libpq continues to try to read from the database connection socket after a write failure, as this allows the connection to collect any final error messages from the server.
Report out-of-disk-space errors properly in pg_dump and pg_basebackup
Several fixes for pg_restore, including a fix for parallel restore on tables that have both table-level and column-level privileges.
Fix for pg_upgrade to ensure it runs with vacuum_defer_cleanup_age set to 0.
Fix how pg_rewind handles just-deleted files in the source data directory
Fix failure to initialize local state correctly in contrib/dblink, which could lead to dblink_close() issuing an unexpected COMMIT on the remote server.
Change contrib/amcheck to not report about deleted index pages that are empty, as this is normal during WAL replay.
PostgreSQL 12.3, 11.8, 10.13, 9.6.18, and 9.5.22 Released!
Posted on 2020-05-14 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 12.3, 11.8, 10.13, 9.6.18, and 9.5.22. This release fixes one security issue found in the PostgreSQL server and over 75 bugs reported over the last three months.
Please plan to update at your earliest convenience.
Security Issues
CVE-2020-10733: Windows installer runs executables from uncontrolled directories.
Versions Affected: 9.5 - 12. The security team does not test unsupported versions, but this issue existed before PostgreSQL 9.5.
The Windows installer for PostgreSQL invokes system-provided executables that do not have fully-qualified paths. Executables in the directory where the installer loads or the current working directory take precedence over the intended executables. An attacker having permission to add files into one of those directories can use this to execute arbitrary code with the installer's administrative rights.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Hou JingYi (@hjy79425575) for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 75 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 12, but may also affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Several fixes for GENERATED columns, including an issue where it was possible to crash or corrupt data in a table when the output of the generated column was the exact copy of a physical column on the table, e.g. if the expression called a function which could return its own input.
Several fixes for ALTER TABLE, including ensuring the SET STORAGE directive is propagated to a table's indexes.
Fix a potential race condition when using DROP OWNED BY while another session is deleting the same objects.
Allow for a partition to be detached when it has inherited ROW triggers.
Several fixes for REINDEX CONCURRENTLY, particularly with issues when a REINDEX CONCURRENTLY operation fails.
Fix crash when COLLATE is applied to an uncollatable type in a partition bound expression.
Fix performance regression in floating point overflow/underflow detection.
Several fixes for full text search, particularly with phrase searching.
Fix query-lifespan memory leak for a set-returning function used in a query's FROM clause.
Several reporting fixes for the output of VACUUM VERBOSE.
Allow input of type circle to accept the format (x,y),r, which is specified in the documentation.
Allow for the get_bit() and set_bit() functions to not fail on bytea strings longer than 256MB.
Avoid premature recycling of WAL segments during crash recovery, which could lead to WAL segments being recycled before being archived.
Avoid attempting to fetch nonexistent WAL files from archive storage during recovery by skipping irrelevant timelines.
Several fixes for logical replication and replication slots.
Fix several race conditions in synchronous standby management, including one that occurred when changing the synchronous_standby_names setting.
Several fixes for GSSAPI support, include a fix for a memory leak that occurred when using GSSAPI encryption.
Ensure that members of the pg_read_all_stats role can read all statistics views.
Fix performance regression in information_schema.triggers view.
Fix memory leak in libpq when using sslmode=verify-full.
Fix crash in psql when attempting to re-establish a failed connection.
Allow tab-completion of the filename argument to \gx command in psql.
Add pg_dump support for ALTER ... DEPENDS ON EXTENSION.
Several other fixes for pg_dump, which include dumping comments on RLS policies and postponing restore of event triggers until the end.
Ensure pg_basebackup generates valid tar files.
pg_checksums skips tablespace subdirectories that belong to a different PostgreSQL major version
Several Windows compatibility fixes
This update also contains tzdata release 2020a for DST law changes in Morocco and the Canadian Yukon, plus historical corrections for Shanghai. The America/Godthab zone has been renamed to America/Nuuk to reflect current English usage ; however, the old name remains available as a compatibility link. This also updates initdb's list of known Windows time zone names to include recent additions.
PostgreSQL 12.2, 11.7, 10.12, 9.6.17, 9.5.21, and 9.4.26
PostgreSQL 9.4 Now EOL
This is the last release for PostgreSQL 9.4, which will no longer receive security updates and bug fixes. PostgreSQL 9.4 introduced new features such as JSONB support, the ALTER SYSTEM command, the ability to stream logical changes to an output plugin, and more.
While we are very proud of this release, these features are also found in newer versions of PostgreSQL. Many of these features have also received improvements, and, per our versioning policy, it is time to retire PostgreSQL 9.4.
To receive continued support, we suggest that you make plans to upgrade to a newer, supported version of PostgreSQL. Please see the PostgreSQL versioning policy for more information.
Security Issues
CVE-2020-1720: ALTER ... DEPENDS ON EXTENSION is missing authorization checks.
Versions Affected: 9.6 - 12
The ALTER ... DEPENDS ON EXTENSION sub-commands do not perform authorization checks, which can allow an unprivileged user to drop any function, procedure, materialized view, index, or trigger under certain conditions. This attack is possible if an administrator has installed an extension and an unprivileged user can CREATE, or an extension owner either executes DROP EXTENSION predictably or can be convinced to execute DROP EXTENSION.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 75 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 12, but may also affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix for partitioned tables with foreign-key references where TRUNCATE ... CASCADE would not remove all data. If you have previously used TRUNCATE ... CASCADE on a partitioned table with foreign-key references please see the "Updating" section for verification and cleanup steps.
Fix failure to add foreign key constraints to table with sub-partitions (aka a multi-level partitioned table). If you have previously used this functionality, you can fix it by either detaching and re-attaching the affected partition, or by dropping and re-adding the foreign key constraint to the parent table. You can find more information on how to perform these steps in the ALTER TABLE documentation.
Fix performance issue for partitioned tables introduced by the fix for CVE-2017-7484 that now allows the planner to use statistics on a child table for a column that the user is granted access to on the parent table when the query contains a leaky operator.
Several other fixes and changes for partitioned tables, including disallowing partition key expressions that return pseudo-types, such as RECORD.
Fix for logical replication subscribers for executing per-column UPDATE triggers.
Fix for several crashes and failures for logical replication subscribers and publishers.
Improve efficiency of logical replication with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL.
Ensure that calling pg_replication_slot_advance() on a physical replication slot will persist changes across restarts.
Several fixes for the walsender processes.
Improve performance of hash joins with very large inner relations.
Fix placement of "Subplans Removed" field in EXPLAIN output by placing it with its parent Append or MergeAppend plan.
Several fixes for parallel query plans.
Several fixes for query planner errors, including one that affected joins to single-row subqueries.
Several fixes for MCV extend statistics, including one for incorrect estimation for OR clauses.
Improve efficiency of parallel hash join on CPUs with many cores.
Ignore the CONCURRENTLY option when performing an index creation, drop, or reindex on a temporary table.
Fall back to non-parallel index builds when a parallelized CREATE INDEX has no free dynamic shared memory slots.
Several fixes for GiST & GIN indexes.
Fix possible crash in BRIN index operations with box, range and inet data types.
Fix support for BRIN hypothetical indexes.
Fix failure in ALTER TABLE when a column referenced in a GENERATED expression is added or changed in type earlier in the same ALTER TABLE statement.
Fix handling of multiple AFTER ROW triggers on a foreign table.
Fix off-by-one result for EXTRACT(ISOYEAR FROM timestamp) for BC dates.
Prevent unwanted lowercasing and truncation of RADIUS authentication parameters in the pg_hba.conf file.
Several fixes for GSSAPI support, including having libpq accept all GSS-related connection parameters even if the GSSAPI code is not compiled in.
Several fixes for pg_dump and pg_restore when run in parallel mode.
Fix crash with postgres_fdw when trying to execute a remote query on the remote server such as UPDATE remote_tab SET (x,y) = (SELECT ...).
Disallow NULL category values in the crosstab() function of contrib/tablefunc to prevent crashes.
Several fixes for Windows, including a race condition that could cause timing oddities with NOTIFY.
Several ecpg fixes.
PostgreSQL 12.1, 11.6, 10.11, 9.6.16, 9.5.20, and 9.4.25 Released!
PostgreSQL 9.4 EOL Approaching
PostgreSQL 9.4 will stop receiving fixes on February 13, 2020, which is the next planned cumulative update release. Please see our versioning policy for more information.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 50 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 12, but may also affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix crash that occurs when ALTER TABLE adds a column without a default value along with other changes that require a table rewrite
Several fixes for REINDEX CONCURRENTLY.
Fix for VACUUM that would cause it to fail under a specific case involving a still-running transaction.
Fix for a memory leak that could occur when VACUUM runs on a GiST index.
Fix for an error that occurred when running CLUSTER on an expression index.
Fix failure for SET CONSTRAINTS ... DEFERRED on partitioned tables.
Several fixes for the creation and dropping of indexes on partitioned tables.
Fix for partition-wise joins that could lead to planner failures.
Ensure that offset expressions in WINDOW clauses are processed when a query's expressions are manipulated.
Fix misbehavior of bitshiftright() where it failed to zero out padding space in the last byte if the bit string length is not a multiple of 8. For how to correct your data, please see the "Updating" section.
Ensure an empty string that is evaluated by the position() functions returns 1, as per the SQL standard.
Fix for a parallel query failure when it is unable to request a background worker.
Fix crash triggered by a case involving a BEFORE UPDATE trigger.
Display the correct error when a query tries to access a TOAST table.
Allow encoding conversion to succeed on strings with output up to 1GB. Previously there was hard limit of 0.25GB on the input string.
Ensure that temporary WAL and history files are removed at the end of archive recovery.
Avoid failure in archive recovery if recovery_min_apply_delay is enabled.
Ignore restore_command, recovery_end_command, and recovery_min_apply_delay settings during crash recovery.
Several fixes for logical replication, including a failure when the publisher and subscriber had different REPLICA IDENTITY columns set.
Correctly timestamp replication messages for logical decoding, which in the broken case would lead to pg_stat_subscription.last_msg_send_time set to NULL.
Several fixes for libpq, including one that improves PostgreSQL 12 compatibility.
Several pg_upgrade fixes.
Fix how a parallel restore handles foreign key constraints on partitioned tables to ensure they are not created too soon.
pg_dump now outputs similarly named triggers and RLS policies in order based on table name, instead of OID.
Fix pg_rewind to not update the contents of pg_control when using the --dry-run option.
This update also contains tzdata release 2019c for DST law changes in Fiji and Norfolk Island. Historical corrections for Alberta, Austria, Belgium, British Columbia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indiana (Perry County), Kaliningrad, Kentucky, Michigan, Norfolk Island, South Korea, and Turkey.
PostgreSQL 11.5, 10.10, 9.6.15, 9.5.19, 9.4.24
Security Issues
Four security vulnerabilities have been closed by this release:
CVE-2019-10208: TYPE in pg_temp executes arbitrary SQL during SECURITY DEFINER execution
Versions Affected: 9.4 - 11
Given a suitable SECURITY DEFINER function, an attacker can execute arbitrary SQL under the identity of the function owner. An attack requires EXECUTE permission on the function, which must itself contain a function call having inexact argument type match. For example, length('foo'::varchar) and length('foo') are inexact, while length('foo'::text) is exact. As part of exploiting this vulnerability, the attacker uses CREATE DOMAIN to create a type in a pg_temp schema. The attack pattern and fix are similar to that for CVE-2007-2138.
Writing SECURITY DEFINER functions continues to require
following the considerations noted in the documentation:
The PostgreSQL project thanks Tom Lane for reporting this problem.
CVE-2019-10209: Memory disclosure in cross-type comparison for hashed subplan
Versions Affected: 11
In a database containing hypothetical, user-defined hash equality operators, an attacker could read arbitrary bytes of server memory. For an attack to become possible, a superuser would need to create unusual operators. It is possible for operators not purpose-crafted for attack to have the properties that enable an attack, but we are not aware of specific examples.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Andreas Seltenreich for reporting this problem.
CVE-2019-10210: EnterpriseDB Windows installer writes PostgreSQL superuser password to unprotected temporary file
Versions Affected: The EnterpriseDB Windows installer for versions 9.4 - 11
The EnterpriseDB Windows installer writes a password to a temporary file in its installation directory, creates initial databases, and deletes the file. During those seconds while the file exists, a local attacker can read the PostgreSQL superuser password from the file.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Noah Misch for reporting this problem.
CVE-2019-10211: EnterpriseDB Windows installer bundled OpenSSL executes code from unprotected directory
Versions Affected: The EnterpriseDB Windows installer for versions 9.4 - 11
When the database server or libpq client library initializes SSL, libeay32.dll attempts to read configuration from a hard-coded directory. Typically, the directory does not exist, but any local user could create it and inject configuration. This configuration can direct OpenSSL to load and execute arbitrary code as the user running a PostgreSQL server or client. Most PostgreSQL client tools and libraries use libpq, and one can encounter this vulnerability by using any of them. This vulnerability is much like CVE-2019-5443, but it originated independently. One can work around the vulnerability by setting environment variable OPENSSL_CONF to "NUL:/openssl.cnf" or any other name that cannot exist as a file.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Daniel Gustafsson of the curl security team for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 40 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 11, but many affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Fix for ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE when multiple column types are modified in a single-command. This issue was introduced in the previous cumulative update (11.4, 10.9, 9.6.14, 9.5.18, 9.4.23, and 12 beta 2).
Ensure that partition key columns will not be dropped as the result of an "indirect drop," such as from a cascade from dropping the key column's data type (e.g. a custom data type). This fix is applied only to newly created partitioned tables: if you believe you have an affected partition table (e.g. one where the partition key uses a custom data type), you will need to either create a new table and move your data into it OR use pg_upgrade.
Prevent dropping a partitioned table's trigger if there are pending trigger events in child partitions. This particularly affects foreign key constraints, which are implemented by triggers.
Several additional fixes for partitioning, including a fix for partition pruning that could lead to inefficient queries.
Fix for parallel hash joins that could lead to duplicate result rows in EXISTS queries.
Several fixes for the query planner.
Several fixes for issues that would lead to query deadlocks.
Fix for multi-column foreign keys when rebuilding a foreign key constraint.
Prevent extended statistics from being built for inherited tables.
Fix for the canonicalization of date ranges that include -infinity/infinity endpoints to ensure the behavior matches the documentation.
Fix loss of fractional digits when converting very large money values to numeric.
Fix for PL/pgSQL functions that return composite types.
Make libpq ignore the \r carriage return in connection service files, which was causing connection failures in some edge cases.
Several fixes for psql, which includes avoiding incorrect tab completion options after SET variable =.
Improve reliability of contrib/amcheck's index verification.
Set initdb to prefer the timezone behavior defined by the C library instead of what is defined by localtime or posixrules. This ensures PostgreSQL uses the "real" timezone name instead of an artificial name.
Fix pg_dump to ensure that custom operator classes are dumped in the correct order to prevent creating an unrestorable dump.
Fix possible lockup in pgbench when using -R option.
Fix spinlock assembly code for MIPS CPUs so that it works on MIPS r6.
This update also contains tzdata release 2019b for DST law changes in Brazil, plus historical corrections for Hong Kong, Italy, and Palestine. This update also adds support for zic's new -b slim option to reduce the size of the installed zone files, though it is not currently being used by PostgreSQL.
PostgreSQL 11.4, 10.9, 9.6.14, 9.5.18, 9.4.23, and 12 Beta 2 Released!
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 11.4, 10.9, 9.6.14, 9.5.18, and 9.4.23, as well as the second beta of PostgreSQL 12. This release fixes one security issue and over 25 bugs since the previous cumulative update in May.
Security Issues
This release closes one security vulnerability:
CVE-2019-10164: Stack-based buffer overflow via setting a password
Versions affected: 10, 11, 12 beta.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
Fix assorted errors in run-time partition pruning that could lead to wrong answers in queries on partitioned tables
pg_dump now recreates table partitions using CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE .. ATTACH PARTITION rather than including PARTITION OF in the creation command
Improve how initdb determines which system time zone to select if there are equivalent names for the time zone. Also explicitly prefer UTC over UCT
Fix possible crash while trying to copy trigger definitions to a new partition
Fix failure of ALTER TABLE .. ALTER COLUMN TYPE when the table has a partial exclusion constraint
Fix failure of COMMENT command for comments on domains
Several fixes related to aggregation
Fix faulty generation of merge-append plans that could lead to "could not find pathkey item to sort" errors
Fix failures on dump/restore where views contained queries with duplicate join names
Fix conversion of JSON string literals to JSON-type output columns in json_to_record() and json_populate_record()
Fix incorrect optimization of {1,1} quantifiers in regular expressions
Fix issue for B-tree indexes during edge case failure involving columns covered with the INCLUDE clause, which manifests itself with errors during VACUUM. If you are affected by this issue, you will need to reindex the specific index
Fix race condition in check to see whether a pre-existing shared memory segment is still in use by a conflicting postmaster
Fix for the walreceiver process that avoids a crash or deadlock on shutdown
Avoid possible hang in libpq if using SSL and OpenSSL's pending-data buffer contains an exact multiple of 256 bytes
Fix ordering of GRANT commands emitted by pg_dump and pg_dumpall for databases and tablespaces
Fix misleading error reports from reindexdb
Ensure that vacuumdb returns correct status if an error occurs while using parallel jobs
Fix contrib/auto_explain to not cause problems in parallel queries, which resulted in failures like "could not find key N in shm TOC"
Account for possible data modifications by local BEFORE ROW UPDATE triggers in contrib/postgres_fdw
On Windows, avoid failure when the database encoding is set to SQL_ASCII and we attempt to log a non-ASCII string
PostgreSQL 11.3, 10.8, 9.6.13, 9.5.17, and 9.4.22 Released!
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 11.3, 10.8, 9.6.13, 9.5.17, and 9.4.22. This release fixes two security issues in the PostgreSQL server, a security issue found in two of the PostgreSQL Windows installers, and over 60 bugs reported over the last three months.
Security Issues
Four security vulnerabilities have been closed by this release:
CVE-2019-10127: BigSQL Windows installer does not clear permissive ACL entries
CVE-2019-10128: EnterpriseDB Windows installer does not clear permissive ACL entries
Due to both the EnterpriseDB and BigSQL Windows installers not locking down the permissions of the PostgreSQL binary installation directory and the data directory, an unprivileged Windows user account and an unprivileged PostgreSQL account could cause the PostgreSQL service account to execute arbitrary code.
This vulnerability is present in all supported versions of PostgreSQL for these installers, and possibly exists in older versions. Both sets of installers have fixed the permissions for these directories for both new and existing installations. If you have installed PostgreSQL on Windows using other methods, we advise that you check that your PostgreSQL binary directories are writable only to trusted users and that your data directories are only accessible to trusted users.
The PostgreSQL project thanks Conner Jones for reporting this problem.
CVE-2019-10129: Memory disclosure in partition routing
Prior to this release, a user running PostgreSQL 11 can read arbitrary bytes of server memory by executing a purpose-crafted INSERT statement to a partitioned table.
CVE-2019-10130: Selectivity estimators bypass row security policies
PostgreSQL maintains statistics for tables by sampling data available in columns; this data is consulted during the query planning process. Prior to this release, a user able to execute SQL queries with permissions to read a given column could craft a leaky operator that could read whatever data had been sampled from that column. If this happened to include values from rows that the user is forbidden to see by a row security policy, the user could effectively bypass the policy. This is fixed by only allowing a non-leakproof operator to use this data if there are no relevant row security policies for the table.
This issue is present in PostgreSQL 9.5, 9.6, 10, and 11. The PostgreSQL project thanks Dean Rasheed for reporting this problem.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes over 60 bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 11, but many affect all supported versions.
Some of these fixes include:
Several catalog corruption fixes, including one related to running ALTER TABLE on a partitioned table
Several fixes for partitioning
Avoid server crash when an error occurs while trying to persist a cursor query across a transaction commit
Avoid O(N^2) performance issue when rolling back a transaction that created many tables
Fix possible “could not access status of transaction” failures in txid_status()
Fix updatable views to handle explicit DEFAULT items in INSERT .. VALUES statements where there are multiple VALUES rows
Fix CREATE VIEW to allow zero-column views
Add missing support for the CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS .. AS EXECUTE .. statement
Ensure that sub-SELECTs appearing in row-level-security policy expressions are executed with the correct user's permissions
Accept XML documents as valid values of type xml when xmloption is set to content, as required by SQL:2006 and later
Fix incompatibility of GIN-index WAL records that were introduced in 11.2, 10.7, 9.6.12, 9.5.16, and 9.4.21 that affected replica servers running these versions reading in changes to GIN indexes from primary servers of older versions
Several memory leak fixes as well as fixes to management of dynamic shared memory
Relax panics on fsync and sync_file_range failures for certain cases where a failure indicated "operation not supported"
Several fixes to the query planner, several of which should lead to planning improvements
Fix race condition in which a hot-standby postmaster could fail to shut down after receiving a smart-shutdown request
Several fixes for SCRAM authentication
Fix handling of lc_time settings that imply an encoding different from the database's encoding
Create the current_logfiles file with the same permissions as other files in the server's data directory
Several ecpg fixes
Make pg_verify_checksums verify that the data directory it's pointed at is of the right PostgreSQL version
Several fixes for contrib/postgres_fdw, including one for remote partitions where an UPDATE could lead to incorrect results or a crash
Several Windows fixes
This update also contains tzdata release 2019a for DST law changes in Palestine and Metlakatla, plus historical corrections for Israel. Etc/UCT is now a backward-compatibility link to Etc/UTC, instead of being a separate zone that generates the abbreviation UCT, which nowadays is typically a typo. PostgreSQL will still accept UCT as an input zone abbreviation, but it won't output it.
PostgreSQL 11.2, 10.7, 9.6.12, 9.5.16, and 9.4.21 Released!
This release changes the behavior in how PostgreSQL interfaces with fsync() and includes fixes for partitioning and over 70 other bugs that were reported over the past three months.
Fix handling of unique indexes with INCLUDE columns on partitioned tables
Ensure that NOT NULL constraints of a partitioned table are honored within its partitions
Several fixes for constraints on partitioned tables
Fix problems with applying ON COMMIT DROP and ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS to partitioned tables and tables with inheritance children
Disallow COPY FREEZE on partitioned tables
Several fixes for the ALTER TABLE .. ADD COLUMN with a non-nullable default feature, including a possible index corruption case
Several fixes in GIN indexes, including avoiding a deadlock with vacuuming and concurrent index insertions (which partially reverts a performance improvement introduced in PostgreSQL 10)
Fix possible crashes in logical replication when index expressions or predicates are in use
Several fixes for the write-ahead log (WAL)
Fix possible crash in UPDATE with a multiple SET clause using a sub-SELECT
Fix crash when zero rows are provided to json[b]_populate_recordset() or json[b]_to_recordset()
Several fixes related to collation handling, including the parsing of collation-sensitive expressions in the arguments of a CALL statement
Several fixes for the query planner, including an improvement to planning speed for large inheritance or partitioning table groups
Several fixes for TRUNCATE
Ensure ALTER TABLE ONLY ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS is processed correctly
Allow UNLISTEN in hot-standby (replica) mode
Fix parsing of space-separated lists of host names in the ldapserver parameter of LDAP authentication entries in pg_hba.conf
Several fixes for ecpg
Several fixes for psql, including having \g target work with COPY TO STDOUT
The random number generation for pgbench is now fully deterministic and platform-independent when --random-seed=N is specified
Fix pg_basebackup and pg_verify_checksums to appropriately ignore temporary files
Several fixes for pg_dump, including having ALTER INDEX SET STATISTICS commands present
Prevent false index-corruption reports from contrib/amcheck caused by inline-compressed data
Support new Makefile variables to help with building extensions
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of our database system, including 11.1, 10.6, 9.6.11, 9.5.15, 9.4.20, and 9.3.25. This release fixes one security issue as well as bugs reported over the last three months.
All users using the affected versions of PostgreSQL should update as soon as possible. Please see the notes on "Updating" below for any post-update steps that may be required if you are using pg_stat_statements in your installation.
This update is also the final release for PostgreSQL 9.3, which is now end-of-life and will no longer receive any bug or security fixes. If your environment still uses PostgreSQL 9.3, please make plans to update to a community supported version as soon as possible. Please see our versioning policy for more information.
Security Issues
One security vulnerability has been closed by this release:
CVE-2018-16850: SQL injection in pg_upgrade and pg_dump, via CREATE TRIGGER ... REFERENCING.
Versions Affected: 10, 11
Using a purpose-crafted trigger definition, an attacker can run arbitrary SQL statements with superuser privileges when a superuser runs pg_upgrade on the database or during a pg_dump dump/restore cycle. This attack requires a CREATE privilege on some non-temporary schema or a TRIGGER privilege on a table. This is exploitable in the default PostgreSQL configuration, where all users have CREATE privilege on public schema.
Bug Fixes and Improvements
This update also fixes numerous bugs that were reported in the last several months. Some of these issues affect only version 11, but many affect all supported versions.
These releases include fixes that:
Ensure that automatically created child indexes are created in the same tablespace as the parent partitioned index
Fix several crashes with triggers
Fix problems with applying ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS to a partitioned temporary table
Fix how NULL values are handled when using LEFT JOIN with a parallelized hash join
Several fixes around using named or defaulted arguments in CALL statements
Fix for strict aggregate functions (i.e. aggregates that cannot accept NULL inputs) with ORDER BY columns that enforces the strictness check
Fix with CASE statements where an expression was cast to an array type
Disable an optimization for updating expression indexes in order to prevent a crash
Fix a memory leak that occurred on a specific case of using a SP-GiST index
Fix for pg_verify_checksums incorrectly reporting on files that are not expected to have checksums
Prevent the PostgreSQL server from starting when wal_level is set to a value that cannot support an existing replication slot
Ensure that the server will process already-received NOTIFY and SIGTERM interrupts before waiting for client input
Allow PL/Ruby to work with newer versions of PostgreSQL
Fix for character-class checks on Windows for Unicode characters above U+FFFF, which affected full-text search as well as contrib/ltree and contrib/pg_trgm
Fix a case where psql would not report the receipt of a message from a NOTIFY call until after the next command
Fix build problems on macOS 10.14 (Mojave)
Several build fixes for the Windows platform
This updates also contains tzdata release 2018g for DST law changes in Chile, Fiji, Morocco, and Russia (Volgograd), plus historical corrections for China, Hawaii, Japan, Macau, and North Korea.
PostgreSQL 11 provides users with improvements to overall performance of the database system, with specific enhancements associated with very large databases and high computational workloads. Further, PostgreSQL 11 makes significant improvements to the table partitioning system, adds support for stored procedures capable of transaction management, improves query parallelism and adds parallelized data definition capabilities, and introduces just-in-time (JIT) compilation for accelerating the execution of expressions in queries.
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