01f3bc08cb
- pull sources directly into pkgsrc - do not depend on namespace.h, <sys/cdefs.h> (de-__P()ify), or <err.h> - use libtool for better portability in shlib creation The resultant library is still ABI compatible with prior versions and should have the same shlib major version number. Thanks to Roland Illig <roland.illig@gmx.de> for help in getting this working properly on Solaris.
273 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
273 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: getopt_long.3,v 1.1 2005/03/10 19:19:47 tv Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)getopt.3 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
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.\"
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.Dd April 1, 2000
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.Dt GETOPT_LONG 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm getopt_long
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.Nd get long options from command line argument list
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <getopt.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fn getopt_long "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring" "struct options *long options" "int *index"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function is similar to
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.Xr getopt 3
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but it accepts options in two forms: words and characters. The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function provides a superset of of the functionality of
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Fn getopt_long
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can be used in two ways. In the first way, every long option understood
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by the program has a corresponding short option, and the option
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structure is only used to translate from long options to short
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options. When used in this fashion,
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.Fn getopt_long
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behaves identically to
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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This is a good way to add long option processing to an existing program
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with the minimum of rewriting.
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.Pp
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In the second mechanism, a long option sets a flag in the
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.Fa option
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structure passed, or will store a pointer to the command line argument
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in the
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.Fa option
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structure passed to it for options that take arguments. Additionally,
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the long option's argument may be specified as a single argument with
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an equal sign, e.g.
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.Bd -literal
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myprogram --myoption=somevalue
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When a long option is processed the call to
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.Fn getopt_long
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will return 0. For this reason, long option processing without
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shortcuts is not backwards compatible with
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Pp
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It is possible to combine these methods, providing for long options
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processing with short option equivalents for some options. Less
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frequently used options would be processed as long options only.
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.Sh USAGE
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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call requires a structure to be initialized describing the long
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options. The structure is:
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.Bd -literal
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struct option {
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char *name;
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int has_arg;
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int *flag;
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int val;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa name
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field should contain the option name without the leading double dash.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa has_arg
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field should be one of:
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.Bl -tag -width "optional_argument"
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.It Li no_argument
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no argument to the option is expect.
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.It Li required_argument
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an argument to the option is required.
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.It Li optional_argument
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an argument to the option may be presented.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Fa flag
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is non-NULL, then the integer pointed to by it will be set to the
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value in the
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.Fa val
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field. If the
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.Fa flag
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field is NULL, then the
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.Fa val
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field will be returned. Setting
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.Fa flag
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to NULL and setting
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.Fa val
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to the corresponding short option will make this function act just
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like
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Sh EXAMPLE
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.Bd -literal -compact
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extern char *optarg;
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extern int optind;
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int bflag, ch, fd;
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int daggerset;
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/* options descriptor */
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static struct option longopts[] = {
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{ "buffy", no_argument, 0, 'b' },
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{ "floride", required_argument, 0, 'f' },
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{ "daggerset", no_argument, &daggerset, 1 },
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{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
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};
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bflag = 0;
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while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, "bf:", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
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switch(ch) {
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case 'b':
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bflag = 1;
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break;
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case 'f':
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if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
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(void)fprintf(stderr,
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"myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
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exit(1);
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}
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break;
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case 0:
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if(daggerset) {
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fprintf(stderr,"Buffy will put use her dagger to "
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"apply floride to dracula's teeth\en");
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}
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break;
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case '?':
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default:
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usage();
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}
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argc -= optind;
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argv += optind;
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.Ed
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function first appeared in GNU libiberty. The first NetBSD implementation
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appeared in 1.5.
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.Sh IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENCES
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.Pp
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This section describes differences to the GNU implementation
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found in glibc-2.1.3:
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.Bl -tag -width "xxx"
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.It Li o
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handling of - as first char of option string in presence of
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environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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ignores POSIXLY_CORRECT and returns non-options as
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arguments to option '\e1'.
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.It Li NetBSD
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honors POSIXLY_CORRECT and stops at the first non-option.
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of :: in options string in presence of POSIXLY_CORRECT:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li Both
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GNU and NetBSD ignore POSIXLY_CORRECT here and take :: to
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mean the preceding option takes an optional argument.
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.El
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.It Li o
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return value in case of missing argument if first character
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(after + or -) in option string is not ':':
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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returns '?'
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.It NetBSD
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returns ':' (since NetBSD's getopt does).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of --a in getopt:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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parses this as option '-', option 'a'.
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.It Li NetBSD
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parses this as '--', and returns -1 (ignoring the a). (Because
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the original getopt does.)
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.El
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.It Li o
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setting of optopt for long options with flag != NULL:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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sets optopt to val.
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.It Li NetBSD
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sets optopt to 0 (since val would never be returned).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of -W with W; in option string in getopt (not getopt_long):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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causes a segfault.
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.It Li NetBSD
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returns -1, with optind pointing past the argument of -W
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(as if `-W arg' were `--arg', and thus '--' had been found).
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.\" How should we treat W; in the option string when called via
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.\" getopt? Ignore the ';' or treat it as a ':'? Issue a warning?
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.El
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.It Li o
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setting of optarg for long options without an argument that are
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invoked via -W (W; in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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sets optarg to the option name (the argument of -W).
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.It Li NetBSD
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sets optarg to NULL (the argument of the long option).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of -W with an argument that is not (a prefix to) a known
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long option (W; in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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returns -W with optarg set to the unknown option.
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.It Li NetBSD
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treats this as an error (unknown option) and returns '?' with
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optopt set to 0 and optarg set to NULL (as GNU's man page
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documents).
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.El
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.It Li o
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The error messages are different.
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.It Li o
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NetBSD does not permute the argument vector at the same points in
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the calling sequence as GNU does. The aspects normally used by
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the caller (ordering after -1 is returned, value of optind relative
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to current positions) are the same, though. (We do fewer variable
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swaps.)
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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The implementation, can completelely replace
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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but right now we are using separate code.
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