2182 lines
88 KiB
Text
2182 lines
88 KiB
Text
# $NetBSD: Packages.txt,v 1.122 2000/10/22 21:25:14 hubertf Exp $
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###########################################################################
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==========================
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Documentation on the
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NetBSD Package System
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==========================
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Hubert Feyrer, Alistair Crooks
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Table of contents:
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==================
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Run this command to produce a table of contents:
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grep -B1 '^.====' Packages.txt | egrep -v '^.[-=]'
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0 Intro
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========
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There is a lot of software freely available for Unix based systems, which
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usually runs on NetBSD, too, sometimes with some modifications. The NetBSD
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packages collection incorporates any such changes necessary to make that
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software run on NetBSD, and makes the installation (and reinstallation) of
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the software package easy by means of a single command.
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The NetBSD package system is used to enable such freely available
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third-party software to be built easily on NetBSD hosts. Once the software
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has been built, it is manipulated with the pkg_* tools so that installation
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and de-installation, printing of an inventory of all installed packages and
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retrieval of one-line comments or more verbose descriptions are all simple.
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Both the NetBSD packages collection and the NetBSD package system are
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derived from FreeBSD.
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0.1 Overview
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=============
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This document is divided into two parts. The first, "User's Guide",
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describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package
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Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package, or by
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building your own copy using the NetBSD package system. The second
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part, "Package Constructor's Guide", explains how to prepare a package so
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it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without knowing about the
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package's building details.
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0.2 Terminology
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===============
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There has been a lot of talk about "ports", "packages", etc. so far. Here
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is a description of all the terminology used within this document:
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* Package:
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A set of files and building instructions that describe what's necessary
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to build a certain piece of software using the NetBSD package
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system. Packages are traditionally stored under /usr/pkgsrc.
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* The NetBSD package system:
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This is the part of the NetBSD operating system handling building
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(compiling), installing, and removing of packages.
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* Distfile:
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This term describes the file or files that are provided by the author
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of the piece of freely available software to distribute his work. All
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the changes necessary to build on NetBSD are reflected in the
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corresponding package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a
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compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible, too. Distfiles
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are stored below /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.
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* Port:
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This is the term used by FreeBSD people for what we call a package.
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In NetBSD terminology, "port" refers to a different architecture.
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* Precompiled (binary) package:
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A set of binaries built by the NetBSD package system from a distfile
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using the NetBSD package system and stuffed together in a single .tgz
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file so it can be installed on machines of the same machine architecture
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without the need to recompile. Packages are generated in
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/usr/pkgsrc/packages by the NetBSD package system; there is also an
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archive on ftp.netbsd.org.
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Sometimes, this is referred to by the term "package" too,
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especially in the context of precompiled packages.
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* Program:
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The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from
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all the files in the Distfile by the actions defined in the
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corresponding package.
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* NetBSD RCS IDs:
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Some files in a package contain RCS IDs to reflect which version of
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that file this is (inserted automatically by cvs). These IDs are used
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in several examples within this document, but as this document itself
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is managed by CVS, it can't list the RCS IDs in plaintext. Instead, the
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$s are written as <$>, resulting in <$>NetBSD<$> and <$>Id<$>.
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====================
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Part I: User's Guide
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====================
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1 Installing a precompiled binary package
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=========================================
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This section describes how to find, retrieve and install a precompiled
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binary package that someone else already prepared for your type of machine.
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1.1 Where to get
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================
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Precompiled packages are stored on ftp.netbsd.org and its mirrors in the
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directory /pub/NetBSD/packages for anon FTP access. Please pick the right
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subdirectory there as indicated by "sysctl hw.machine_arch". In that
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directory, there is a subdirectory for each category plus a subdirectory
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"All" which includes the actual binaries in .tgz-files. The category
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subdirectories use symbolic links to those files. (This is the same
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directory layout as in /usr/pkgsrc/packages).
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This same directory layout applies for CDROM distributions, only that the
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directory may be rooted somewhere else, probably somewhere below /cdrom.
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Please consult your CDROM's documentation for the exact location!
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1.2 How to use
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==============
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If you have the files on a CDROM or downloaded them to your hard disk, you
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can install them with the following command (be sure to su to root first):
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pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz
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If you have FTP access and you don't want to download the packages via FTP
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prior to installation, you can do this automatically by giving pkg_add an
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ftp-URL:
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pkg_add ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OS Ver>/<arch>/All/package.tgz
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If there is any doubt, the sysctl utility can be used to determine the
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<OS Ver>, and <arch> by running "sysctl kern.osrelease hw.machine_arch".
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Also note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in
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question will be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install
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from.
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After you've installed packages, be sure to have /usr/pkg in your $PATH so
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you can actually start the just installed program.
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1.3 A word of warning
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=====================
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Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in that manual
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page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you did
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not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto
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your system by indiscriminate adding of such files.
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2 Installing by Building
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========================
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This assumes that the package is already part of the NetBSD package system.
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If it is not, then you are advised to read part II of this document,
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"Package Constructor's Guide".
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2.1 Requirements
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================
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To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the "comp" and the "text"
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distribution sets must be installed. If you want to build X11 related
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packages the "xbase" and "xcomp" distribution sets are required, too.
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2.2 Where to get pkgsrc
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=======================
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To get the package source going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz file
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from ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz and
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unpack it into /usr/pkgsrc.
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As an alternative, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update Protocol,
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SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line saying "release=pkgsrc" in
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it, see the examples in /usr/share/examples/supfiles, and that the
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directory /usr/pkgsrc does exist. Then, simply start "sup -v
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/path/to/your/supfile".
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2.3 Fetching distfiles
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======================
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There is one gotcha: The distribution file (i.e. the unmodified source)
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must exist on your system for the packages system to be able to build it.
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If it does not, then ftp(1) is used to fetch the distribution files
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automatically.
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You can overwrite some of the major distribution sites to fit to sites
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that are close to your own. Have a look at /usr/pkgsrc/mk/mk.conf.example
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to find some examples. This may save some of your bandwidth and time.
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When you have selected your settings, install your configuration into
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/etc/mk.conf
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If you don't have a permanent Internet connection and you want to know
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which files to download, "make fetch-list" will tell you what you'll need.
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Put these distfiles into /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.
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2.4 How to build and install
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============================
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Assuming that has been done, become root and change into the relevant
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directory. Then you can type
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make
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at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package, and
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make install
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at the shell prompt to install the various components into the correct
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places on your system.
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Taking the top system utility as an example, we can install it on our
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system by building as shown in appendix A.1.
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The program is installed under the default root of the packages tree -
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/usr/pkg. Should this not conform to your tastes, simply set the LOCALBASE
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variable in your environment, and it will use that value as the root of
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your packages tree. So, to use /usr/local, set
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LOCALBASE=/usr/local
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in your environment. Please note that you should use a root which is
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dedicated to packages and not shared with other programs (ie, do not try
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and use LOCALBASE=/usr). This is to prevent possible conflicts between
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programs and other files installed by the package system and whatever else
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may have been installed there. There is, of course, one exception to
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this - X11 packages are traditionally installed in the X11 tree. The
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definition used to identify the root of the X11 tree is the X11BASE
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definition.
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It is possible to install X11 packages in the LOCALBASE tree, for
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which you must install the xpkgwedge package
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(pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge) - see section 7.1 for further details.
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Some packages look in /etc/mk.conf to alter some configuration options
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at build time. Have a look at /usr/pkgsrc/mk/mk.conf.example to get
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an overview of what you can set there. Environment variables such as
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LOCALBASE, and X11BASE can also be set in /etc/mk.conf to save having
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to remember to set them each time you want to use pkgsrc.
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If you want to deinstall and re-install a binary package that you've
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created (see next section) or that you put into pkgsrc/packages
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manually, you can use the the "bin-install" target, which will
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install a binary package - if available - via pkg_add, and do a "make
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package" else.
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3 Making precompiled packages
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=============================
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3.1 Packaging a single package
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==============================
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Once you have built and installed the package as mentioned above, you can
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build it into a "binary package" - you might want to do this so that you
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can use the binaries you have just built on another NetBSD system, or to
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provide a simple means for others to use your binary package instead of
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wasting CPU time - this is done by changing to the appropriate directory in
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the pkgsrc tree, and typing the command
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make package
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at the shell prompt. This will build and install your package (if not
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already done), and then construct a binary package out of the results so
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that you can use the pkg_* tools to manipulate this. The binary package is
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stored under /usr/pkgsrc/packages, it's in the form of a gzipped file at
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the present time. See appendix A.2 for a continuation of the above top
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example.
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Please see the "submitting" section later in this document on how to submit
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such a binary package.
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3.2 Doing a bulk build of all packages
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======================================
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If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary packages, this section
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describes how to get them. Beware that the bulk build will remove all
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currently installed packages from your your system! Having a FTP server
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configured either on the machine doing the bulk builds or on a nearby NFS
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server can help to make the packages available to everyone. See ftpd(8) for
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more information. If you use a remote NFS server's storage, be sure to not
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actually compile on NFS storage, as this slows things down a lot.
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3.2.1 Configuration
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===================
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3.2.1.1 /etc/mk.conf
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====================
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You may want to set things in /etc/mk.conf:
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BATCH= yes # required for bulk builds
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DEPENDS_TARGET?= bulk-install
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PACKAGES?= ${PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH}
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OBJMACHINE?= 1 # use work.${MACHINE_ARCH}
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WRKOBJDIR?= /usr/tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc
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FAILOVER_FETCH= yes # insist on the correct checksum
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PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes
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ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES= shareware \
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fee-based-commercial-use \
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no-profit \
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no-commercial-use \
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non-commercial-use \
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limited-redistribution \
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kermit-license \
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sun-swing-license \
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sun-jsdk20-license
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3.2.1.2 build.conf
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==================
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In pkgsrc/mk/bulk, copy ``build.conf-example'' to ``build.conf'' and
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edit it, following the comments in that file. This is the config
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file that determines where logfiles are generated after the build,
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where to mail the build report, where your pkgsrc is located and
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which user to su(8) to to do a 'cvs update'.
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3.2.2 Other environmental considerations
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========================================
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Drop your favourite login shell in /usr/local, or install it from
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/etc/rc.local. Also, be sure to install ssh before starting it from
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rc.local:
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( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install )
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if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd.sh ]; then
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/usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd.sh
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fi
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Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh
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after the bulk build is finished. You have been warned! :)
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3.2.3 Operation
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===============
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Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed.
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BEWARE: During the bulk build, ALL packages will be removed!!!
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Be sure to remove all other things (from /usr/local, ...). Become
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root and type:
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# cd /usr/pkgsrc
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# sh mk/bulk/build
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If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure,
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system panic, ...), you can continue it by running:
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# sh mk/bulk/build restart
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At the end of the bulk run, you will get a summary via mail, and find
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build logs in the directory specified by "FTP" in the "build.conf"
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file.
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3.2.4 What it does
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==================
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The bulk builds consist of three steps:
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1. pre-build: The script updates your pkgsrc via (anon)cvs, then cleans
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out any broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed.
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2. the bulk build: This is basically 'make bulk-package' with an optimized
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order in which packages will be built. Packages that don't require
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other packages will be built first, and packages with many depends
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will be built later.
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3. post-build: Generates a report that's placed in the directory specified
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in the build.conf file named ``broken.html'', a short version of
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that report will also be mailed to the build's admin.
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During the build, a list of broken packages will be compiled in
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.usr/pkgsrc/.broken (or .../.broken.${MACHINE} if OBJMACHINE is set),
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individual build logs of broken builds can be found in the package's
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directory. These files are used by the bulk-targets to mark broken builds
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to not waste time trying to rebuild them, and they can be used to debug
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these broken package builds later.
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3.2.5 Disk space requirements
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=============================
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Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for
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1.5/i386:
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* Distfiles: 1500MB (NFS ok)
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* Full set of all binaries: 1000MB (NFS ok)
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* Temp space for compiling: 1500MB (local disk recommended)
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Note that all pkgs will be deinstalled as soon as they are turned into a
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binary package, and that work-sources are removed, so there is no huge
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demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will
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be installed via pkg_add instead of building again, so there are no cycles
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wasted by recompiling.
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====================================
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Part II: Package Constructor's Guide
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====================================
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4 Package components - files, directories and contents
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======================================================
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Whenever you're preparing a package from the FreeBSD ports collection or
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doing it from scratch, there are a number of files involved which are
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described in the following sections. Special directions are given for what
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differs from FreeBSD ports for each file.
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4.1 Makefile
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============
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Building, installation and creation of a binary package are all controlled
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by the package's Makefile.
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There is a Makefile for each package. This file includes the standard
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bsd.pkg.mk file (referenced as "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"), which sets all the
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definitions and actions necessary for the package to compile and install
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itself. The mandatory fields are the DISTNAME which specifies the base name
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of the distribution file to be downloaded from the site on the Internet,
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MASTER_SITES which specifies that site, CATEGORIES which denotes the
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categories into which the package falls, PKGNAME which is the name of the
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package and the MAINTAINER name. This is so that anyone who quibbles with
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the (always completely correct) decisions taken by the guy who maintains
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the port can complain vigorously.
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The MASTER_SITES may be set to one of the predefined sites:
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${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
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${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
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${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN}
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${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN}
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${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE}
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If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may require the ability to
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specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to
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more than one actual site, you MUST use the following construct to specify
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a subdirectory:
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${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/}
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(Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.) Use of the deprecated
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MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR will not work.
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Currently the following values are available for CATEGORIES. If more than
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one is used, they need to be separated by spaces:
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archivers databases ham net security
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audio devel japanese news shells
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benchmarks distfiles lang packages sysutils
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biology editors mail parallel templates
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cad emulators math pkglocate textproc
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comms fonts mbone pkgtools www
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converters games meta-pkgs plan9 x11
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cross graphics misc print
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See the NetBSD packages(7) manual page for a description of all available
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options and variables.
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Please pay attention to the following gotchas, especially when preparing a
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package from the FreeBSD ports collection:
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- Remove all MANx and CATx definitions from the package Makefile -
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NetBSD has implemented automatic manual page handling, and these
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definitions are now obsolete.
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- Add MANCOMPRESSED (if not already there) if manpages are installed in
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compressed form by the package; see comment in bsd.pkg.mk
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- Replace /usr/local by ${PREFIX} in all files (see patches below)
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- Delete any ldconfig commands - this will be done automatically for you
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if the NetBSD platform supports ldconfig, and other measures will be
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taken on platforms which do not support ldconfig (e.g. NetBSD/Alpha)
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- If modifying a package from the FreeBSD ports collection, preserve
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their RCS ID: remove the '$'s around the FreeBSD RCS Id, and insert the
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word FreeBSD, then add a <$>NetBSD<$> (Without the <>s, please remember
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the Terminology section), i.e.:
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before:
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# <$>Id: Makefile,v 1.17 1997/06/16 06:39:51 max Exp <$>
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after:
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# <$>NetBSD<$>
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# FreeBSD Id: Makefile,v 1.17 1997/06/16 06:39:51 max Exp
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- If the package installs any info files, the main info directory file
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needs to be updated to reflect this fact. NetBSD now has an INFO_FILES
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definition, which is used to do this. For example, to install the
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indent.info entry into the info directory file, simply use the
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INFO_FILES= indent.info
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definition in the package Makefile. If the package does this insertion
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|
for you, you should specify USE_GTEXINFO in the package Makefile, to
|
|
ensure that the pre-requisite GNU texinfo package is installed on your
|
|
system.
|
|
- Adjust MAINTAINER to be either yourself, if you plan to maintain the
|
|
package for future updates, or set it to the default MAINTAINER
|
|
packages@netbsd.org, as it is unlikely that the FreeBSD people will
|
|
care about NetBSD packages.
|
|
- If there exists a home page for the software in question, please
|
|
add the variable HOMEPAGE right after MAINTAINER. The value of this
|
|
variable should be the URL for the home page.
|
|
|
|
4.2 files/*
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
* files/md5:
|
|
Most important, the mandatory md5 checksum of all the distfiles needed for
|
|
the package to compile, confirming they match the original file any patches
|
|
were generated against. This ensures that the distfile retrieved from the
|
|
Internet has not been corrupted during transfer or altered by a malign force
|
|
to introduce a security hole. It can be generated by hand using the md5(1)
|
|
command or by invoking "make makesum".
|
|
|
|
* files/patch-sum:
|
|
The checksum file for all the official patches for the package, found in the
|
|
patches/ directory (see section 4.3). This checksum file includes an MD5
|
|
checksum of all lines in the patch file except the NetBSD RCS Id. This file
|
|
is generated by invoking "make makepatchsum".
|
|
|
|
Besides that, if you have any files that you wish to be placed in the
|
|
package prior to configuration or building, you could place these files
|
|
here and use a ${CP} command in the pre-configure target to achieve this.
|
|
Alternatively, you could simply diff the file against /dev/null and use the
|
|
patch mechanism to manage the creation of this file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 patches/*
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
This directory contains files that are used by the patch(1) command to
|
|
modify the sources as distributed in the distribution file into a form that
|
|
will compile and run perfectly on NetBSD. The files are applied
|
|
successively in alphabetic order (as returned by a shell "patches/patch-*"
|
|
glob expansion), so patch-aa is applied before patch-ab etc.
|
|
|
|
The patch-?? files should be in diff -bu format, and apply without
|
|
a fuzz to avoid problems. (The latter condition is ensured by
|
|
setting PKG_DEVELOPER in /etc/mk.conf - the build will fail if a
|
|
patch applies with fuzz only). Furthermore, do not put changes
|
|
for more than one file into a single patch-file, as this will make
|
|
future modifications more difficult.
|
|
|
|
One important thing to mention is to pay attention that no RCS IDs get
|
|
stored in the patch files, as these will cause problems when later checked
|
|
into the NetBSD CVS tree. To avoid this, use the "-U 2" or "-U 1" option to
|
|
diff.
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to worry about the problems in the last two paragraphs
|
|
yourself, use pkgdiff from the pkgtools/pkgdiff package, which takes care
|
|
of any RCS Ids by itself.
|
|
|
|
For even more automation, we recommend using mkpatches from the same
|
|
package to make a whole set of patches. You just have to backup files
|
|
before you edit them to "filename.orig", e.g. with "cp -p filename
|
|
filename.orig". If you upgrade a package this way, you can easily compare
|
|
the new set of patches with the previously existing one with patchdiff.
|
|
|
|
When preparing a FreeBSD port for the NetBSD packages system, it's likely
|
|
that the FreeBSD port will work on NetBSD. However, check that the person
|
|
who ported the software to FreeBSD has not played fast and loose with the
|
|
__FreeBSD__ cpp definition without good cause - a simple way to do this is
|
|
to do
|
|
|
|
grep -i freebsd patches/patch-??
|
|
|
|
in the package directory.
|
|
|
|
Besides taking care of any FreeBSDisms, be sure to provide patches to
|
|
replace any occurrence of /usr/local in any "Makefile"s in the original
|
|
package with ${PREFIX}.
|
|
|
|
When you have finished a package, remember to generate the checksums
|
|
for the patch files by using the "make makepatchsum" command, see
|
|
section 4.2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.4 pkg/*
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
This directory contains several files used to manage the creation of binary
|
|
packages. Files from this directory are used in the binary package itself,
|
|
and will thus be installed on other machines, so you should be aware that
|
|
there is a wider audience than you might think for your comments and
|
|
witticisms.
|
|
|
|
4.4.1 Mandatory files
|
|
=====================
|
|
|
|
* pkg/COMMENT:
|
|
A one-line description of the piece of software. There is no need to
|
|
mention the package's name - this will automatically be added by the
|
|
pkg_* tools when they are invoked.
|
|
|
|
* pkg/DESCR:
|
|
A multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include
|
|
any credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not
|
|
share your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others
|
|
will read everything that you write here.
|
|
|
|
* pkg/PLIST:
|
|
This file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the
|
|
binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be
|
|
entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of
|
|
directories, and the location of inserted files.
|
|
|
|
If you're updating a FreeBSD package to work for NetBSD, please pay special
|
|
attention to the following things in pkg/PLIST:
|
|
|
|
- If there are any "@exec ldconfig ..." statements, or any "@unexec
|
|
ldconfig ...", delete them. NetBSD works out automatically whether to
|
|
call ldconfig, since some NetBSD architectures do not have ldconfig.
|
|
- Add any missing @dirrm statements
|
|
- Remove any MANx= definitions in the package Makefile
|
|
|
|
You could also investigate the port2pkg package (pkgsrc/pkgtools/port2pkg),
|
|
which does a lot of the donkey work for you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.4.2 Optional files
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
* pkg/INSTALL:
|
|
Shell script invoked twice during pkg_add. First time after package
|
|
extraction and before files are moved in place, the second time after
|
|
the files to install are moved in place. This can be used to do any
|
|
custom procedures not possible with @exec commands in PLIST. See
|
|
pkg_add(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information.
|
|
|
|
* pkg/DEINSTALL:
|
|
This script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is
|
|
this script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details
|
|
around the package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to
|
|
delete the files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1)
|
|
and pkg_create(1) for more information.
|
|
|
|
* pkg/REQ:
|
|
Require-script that is invoked before installation and de-installation
|
|
to ensure things like certain accounts being available, user/sysadmin
|
|
agreeing with usage policy, etc.
|
|
|
|
* pkg/MESSAGE
|
|
Display this file after installation of the package.
|
|
Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software,
|
|
etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.5 scripts/*
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
This directory contains any files that are necessary for configuration of
|
|
your software, etc. If a script with any of the following names is present,
|
|
it will be executed at the appropriate time during the build process:
|
|
|
|
pre-fetch post-fetch
|
|
pre-extract post-extract
|
|
pre-patch post-patch
|
|
pre-configure post-configure configure
|
|
pre-build post-build
|
|
pre-install post-install
|
|
pre-package post-package
|
|
|
|
Note that you should NOT define a pre-* or post-* target in the Makefile
|
|
which executes the matching scripts/[pre|post]-* script. bsd.pkg.mk runs
|
|
any existing Makefile target first, then searches for scripts/* and runs
|
|
it using sh(1). Running the script from the Makefile would cause it to
|
|
be run twice.
|
|
|
|
See section 7 for a description of the build process.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.6 work/*
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
When you type "make" the distribution files are unpacked into this
|
|
directory. It can be removed by typing
|
|
|
|
make clean
|
|
|
|
at the shell prompt. Also, this directory is used to keep various
|
|
timestamp files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 PLIST* issues
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
This section addresses some special issues that one needs to pay attention
|
|
to when dealing with the PLIST file (or files, see below!).
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.1 Miscellaneous
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
* NetBSD RCS Id:
|
|
Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any PLIST file you
|
|
write:
|
|
|
|
@comment <$>NetBSD<$>
|
|
|
|
* ranlib:
|
|
Don't put any ranlib commands into your PLIST files, as they will cause
|
|
troubles when the package is removed. Just make sure the build-process
|
|
does run ranlib - it usually does - and you can leave this out. This is
|
|
usually only a problem when using ports from FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
* ldconfig:
|
|
Don't put any ldconfig commands into your PLIST files, as they will
|
|
cause problems. All shared object caching is done automatically in
|
|
NetBSD (this takes place when you see the "Automatic shared object
|
|
handling" message), and so you can leave this out. If any shared
|
|
objects are found in the package, they will be dealt with
|
|
automatically, running ldconfig on platforms which need it, and not
|
|
otherwise. This is usually only a problem when using ports from
|
|
FreeBSD. To prevent this automatic handling from taking place,
|
|
set SHLIB_HANDLING to NO in the package Makefile.
|
|
|
|
* ${MACHINE_ARCH}, ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}:
|
|
Some packages like emacs and perl embed information about which
|
|
architecture they were built on into the pathnames where they install
|
|
their file. To handle this case, PLIST will be preprocessed before
|
|
actually used, and the symbol "${MACHINE_ARCH}" will be replaced by
|
|
what "sysctl -n hw.machine_arch" gives. The same is done if the string
|
|
${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH} is embedded in PLIST somewhere - use this on
|
|
packages that use GNU autoconfigure.
|
|
|
|
Legacy note: There used to be a symbol "<$ARCH>" that was replaced by
|
|
the output of "uname -m", but that's no longer supported and has been
|
|
removed.
|
|
|
|
* ${OPSYS}, ${OS_VERSION}:
|
|
Some packages want to embed the OS name and version into some paths.
|
|
to do this, use these two variables in PLIST. ${OPSYS} will be replaced
|
|
by output from "uname -s", ${OS_VERSION} will be set to what "uname -r"
|
|
gives.
|
|
|
|
* Manpage-compression:
|
|
Manpages should be installed in compressed form if MANZ is set (in
|
|
bsd.own.mk), and uncompressed otherwise. To handle this in the PLIST
|
|
file, the suffix ".gz" is appended/removed automatically for manpages
|
|
according to MANZ and MANCOMPRESSED being set or not, see above for
|
|
details. This modification of the PLIST file is done on a copy of it,
|
|
not pkg/PLIST itself.
|
|
|
|
* Semi-automatic PLIST generation:
|
|
You can use the "make print-PLIST" command to output a PLIST that matches
|
|
any new files since the package was extracted. See below for more
|
|
information on this target.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2 MD/MI vs. general PLIST
|
|
===========================
|
|
|
|
Sometimes the packaging list in pkg/PLIST differs between platforms, e.g.
|
|
if one of them supports shared libs and the other does not. To address
|
|
this, a hook has been introduced into the NetBSD packages system to provide
|
|
a PLIST file defined on conditions set freely in the package's Makefile.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2.1 $PLIST_SRC
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
To use one or more files as source for the PLIST used in generating the
|
|
binary package, set the variable PLIST_SRC to the names of that file(s).
|
|
The files are later concatenated using cat(1), and order of things is an
|
|
important issue, see below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2.2 PLIST-mi, PLIST-md.shared, PLIST-md.static
|
|
================================================
|
|
|
|
If PLIST_SRC is not set (the usual case), and if there is no pkg/PLIST, the
|
|
packages system looks for pkg/PLIST-mi, and pkg/PLIST-md.shared or
|
|
pkg/PLIST-md.static to handle differences due to the platform being able to
|
|
handle shared libs or not. PLIST-mi contains machine independent files,
|
|
PLIST-md.* contain machine dependent files, which may differ between
|
|
architectures that don't support dynamic libs/shared loading. Currently,
|
|
this is only used in the perl-packages, and as perl5 on alpha doesn't
|
|
support dynamic loading of extensions like perl/Tk yet, PLIST.mi-static is
|
|
also used on the alpha (besides pmax and powerpc). Alpha will hopefully be
|
|
removed soon when perl's fixed for dynamic loading.
|
|
|
|
(This handling of MI/MD PLIST files is implemented by setting PLIST_SRC to
|
|
either "PLIST-mi PLIST-md.static" or "PLIST-mi PLIST-md.shared", see
|
|
/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk).
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2.3 Order in the PLIST* file(s)
|
|
=================================
|
|
|
|
There is one gotcha regarding the ordering of @dirrm statements: any MI
|
|
@dirrm directives that follow any MD @dirrm's *must* go into the PLIST.md-*
|
|
files, as the files PLIST-mi and PLIST.md-{shared/static} are concatenated
|
|
in exactly this order. If the MI directory would be listed in PLIST-mi, it
|
|
would be removed before the MD directory, which wouldn't work.
|
|
|
|
E.g. if you have the following dirs:
|
|
foo/mi
|
|
foo/mi/md
|
|
|
|
then PLIST-mi contains:
|
|
<nothing>
|
|
|
|
and PLIST-md.* contain:
|
|
@dirrm foo/mi/md
|
|
@dirrm foo/mi
|
|
|
|
This will lead to some @dirrm statements being duplicated, but it's the
|
|
only way to ensure everything is properly removed. The same care must be
|
|
taken when PLIST_SRC is set to some package-specific settings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.3 Perl5 modules
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
Perl5 modules will install into different places depending on the version
|
|
of perl used during the build process. To address this, the NetBSD
|
|
packages system will append lines to the PLIST corresponding to the files
|
|
listed in the installed .packlist file generated by most perl5 modules.
|
|
This is invoked by defining PERL5_PACKLIST to a space-separated list of
|
|
paths to packlist files:
|
|
|
|
PERL5_PACKLIST= ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist
|
|
|
|
The variables PERL5_SITELIB, PERL5_SITEARCH, and PERL5_ARCHLIB represent
|
|
the three locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and may be
|
|
used by perl5 packages that don't have a packlist. These three variables
|
|
are also substituted for in the PLIST.
|
|
|
|
6 Notes on fixes for packages
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
6.1 CPP defines
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
To port an application to NetBSD, it's usually necessary for the compiler
|
|
to be able to judge the system on which it's compiling, and we use
|
|
definitions so that the C pre-processor can do this.
|
|
|
|
The really impatient should just note that a number of the FreeBSD ports
|
|
(which are called packages in the NetBSD world) rely on the CPP definition
|
|
__FreeBSD__. This should be used sparingly, for FreeBSD-specific features,
|
|
but unfortunately this is not always the case. A number also rely on the
|
|
fact that the CPU type is an Intel-based little-endian CPU.
|
|
|
|
To test whether you are working on a 4.4 BSD-derived system, you should use
|
|
the BSD definition, which is defined in <sys/param.h> on said systems.
|
|
|
|
#include <sys/param.h>
|
|
|
|
and then you can surround the BSD-specific parts of your port using the
|
|
conditional:
|
|
|
|
#if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306)
|
|
...
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
Please use the __NetBSD__ definition sparingly - it should only apply to
|
|
features of NetBSD that are not present in other 4.4-lite derived BSDs.
|
|
|
|
You should also avoid defining __FreeBSD__=1 and then simply using the
|
|
FreeBSD port, if only from an aesthetic viewpoint.
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.2 Shared libraries - libtool
|
|
==============================
|
|
|
|
NetBSD supports many different machines, with different object formats
|
|
like a.out and ELF, and varying abilities to do shared library and
|
|
dynamic loading at all. To accompany this, varying commands and options
|
|
have to be passed to the compiler, linker etc. to get the Right Thing,
|
|
which can be pretty annoying especially if you don't have all the
|
|
machines at your hand to test things. The "libtool" pkg can help
|
|
here, as it just "knows" how to build both static and dynamic
|
|
libraries from a set our source files, thus being platform
|
|
independent.
|
|
|
|
Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in six simple steps:
|
|
|
|
1. Add USE_LIBTOOL= yes to the package Makefile.
|
|
|
|
2. For library objects, use "${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile ${CC}" in place of
|
|
${CC}. You could even add it to the definition of CC, if only
|
|
libraries are being built in a given Makefile. This one command will
|
|
build both PIC and non-PIC library objects, so you need not have
|
|
separate shared and non-shared library rules.
|
|
|
|
3. For the linking of the library, remove any "ar", "ranlib", and "ld
|
|
-Bshareable" commands, and use instead:
|
|
|
|
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link cc -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minor
|
|
|
|
Note that the library is changed to have a .la extension, and the
|
|
objects are changed to have a .lo extension. Change OBJS as necessary.
|
|
This automatically creates all of the .a, .so.major.minor, and ELF
|
|
symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory.
|
|
|
|
4. When linking programs that depend on these libraries _before_ they are
|
|
installed, preface the cc or ld line with "${LIBTOOL} --mode=link", and
|
|
it will find the correct libraries (static or shared), but please be
|
|
aware that libtool will not allow you to specify a relative path in -L
|
|
(such as -L../somelib), because it is trying to force you to change
|
|
that argument to be the .la file. For example:
|
|
|
|
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelib
|
|
|
|
won't work; it needs to be changed to:
|
|
|
|
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog ../somelib/somelib.la
|
|
|
|
and it will DTRT with the libraries. If you *must* use a relative path
|
|
with -L, and you are not going to run this program before installing
|
|
it, you can omit the use of libtool during link and install of this
|
|
program if you add the subdirectory ".libs" in your -L command:
|
|
|
|
${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib/.libs -lsomelib
|
|
|
|
5. When installing libraries, preface the install or cp command with
|
|
"${LIBTOOL} --mode=install", and change the library name to .la. For
|
|
example:
|
|
|
|
${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib
|
|
|
|
This will install the static .a, shared library, any needed symlinks,
|
|
and run "ldconfig."
|
|
|
|
6. In your PLIST, include the .a, .la, and .so.major.minor files. Don't
|
|
include the ELF symlink files (.so.major, .so); those are added
|
|
automatic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.3 Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool
|
|
==============================================================
|
|
|
|
Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes and LTCONFIG_OVERRIDE=${WRKSRC}/ltconfig to the
|
|
package Makefile as the quick way to bypass the pkg's own libtool.
|
|
The pkg's own libtool is made by ltconfig script at do-configure target.
|
|
If USE_LIBTOOL and LTCONFIG_OVERRIDE are defined, the specified ltconfig is
|
|
overridden, using the devel/libtool instead of the pkg's own libtool.
|
|
If the pkg already has an original "libtool" which we can replace with
|
|
devel/libtool you may have to specify LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE to the package
|
|
Makefile.
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.4 Gotchas of FreeBSD ports
|
|
============================
|
|
|
|
See section 4.1 for Makefile issues (MANx, CATx, MANCOMPRESSED, ldconfig,
|
|
RCS IDs) and section 4.3 for gotchas on using patches from FreeBSD ports.
|
|
|
|
One of the biggest problems with FreeBSD ports is that too many of
|
|
them assume they will install into /usr/local, instead of honouring
|
|
any ${PREFIX} setting properly. To change this, add something like the
|
|
following into your package Makefile:
|
|
|
|
pre-configure:
|
|
for f in `find ${WRKDIR} -type f -print|xargs grep -l '/usr/local'`; do
|
|
\
|
|
${SED} -e 's:/usr/local:'${PREFIX}':g' < $$f > $$f.pdone && ${MV} $
|
|
$f.pdone $$f; \
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
This is taken from the sysutils/rtty package; be sure this works for your
|
|
package - it may actually make sense to look for some things in /usr/local,
|
|
for example. So don't blindly replace all occurrences of /usr/local!
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD has decided to list manual pages in the package Makefile, with
|
|
no corresponding entry in the PLIST. You will thus need to add any
|
|
MAN[1-8ln] files to the PLIST, before deleting the MAN[1-8ln]
|
|
definition. Similarly with MLINKS and CAT[1-8ln] entries.
|
|
|
|
Side note on manpages in PLIST: we don't take any notice of any .gz
|
|
suffix there, as many FreeBSD ports seem to have .gz pages in PLIST
|
|
even when they install manpages without compressing them; rather, we
|
|
add our own .gz suffix there according to MANZ. In short, it does not
|
|
matter whether the manual page name in the PLIST has a .gz suffix or
|
|
not - if it needs one which is not already there, it will be appended
|
|
automatically, and if there is a .gz suffix which is not needed, it
|
|
will be deleted automatically.
|
|
|
|
Some packages use bsd-style .mk files when building, and so any manual
|
|
pages that are installed will be gzip-compressed, if MANZ is set, or
|
|
not if MANZ is not set. If the package uses bsd-style .mk files, the
|
|
variable MANCOMPRESSED_IF_MANZ should be set to a value of "yes" in
|
|
the package Makefile.
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.5 Feedback to the author
|
|
==========================
|
|
|
|
If you have found any bugs in the package you make available, if you had to
|
|
do special steps to make it run under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software
|
|
in various other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the original
|
|
author of the program! With that kind of support, the next release of the
|
|
program can incorporate these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages
|
|
system can win from your efforts.
|
|
|
|
Support the idea of free software!
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 The build process
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
The basic steps for building a program are always the same. First the
|
|
program's source (distfile) must be brought to the local system and
|
|
then extracted. After any patches to compile properly on NetBSD are
|
|
applied, the software can be configured, then built (usually by
|
|
compiling), and finally the generated binaries etc. can be put into
|
|
place on the system. These are exactly the steps performed by the
|
|
NetBSD package system, which is implemented as a series of targets in
|
|
a central Makefile, /usr/pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.1 Program location
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the
|
|
next section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed,
|
|
and which variables influence this.
|
|
|
|
The automatic variable PREFIX indicates where all files of the final
|
|
program shall be installed. It is usually set to $LOCALBASE (/usr/pkg),
|
|
or $CROSSBASE for pkgs in the "cross" category, though its value becomes
|
|
that of $X11BASE if USE_IMAKE, USE_MOTIF, or USE_X11BASE is set. The value
|
|
${PREFIX} needs to be put into the various places in the program's source
|
|
where paths to these files are encoded; see sections 4.3 and 6.2 for
|
|
details on this.
|
|
|
|
When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules:
|
|
|
|
* ${PREFIX} always points to the location where the current pkg will be
|
|
installed. When referring to a pkg's own installation path, use ${PREFIX}.
|
|
|
|
* ${LOCALBASE} is where all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to
|
|
construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to find includes and
|
|
libraries installed by another non-X11 pkg, use ${LOCALBASE}.
|
|
|
|
* ${X11BASE} is where the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc etc.) is installed.
|
|
When looking for _standard_ X11 includes (not those installed by a pkg), use
|
|
${X11BASE}.
|
|
|
|
* X11 based pkgs are special in that they may be installed in either
|
|
X11BASE or LOCALBASE. To install X11 packages in LOCALBASE, simply
|
|
install the xpkgwedge package (pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge).
|
|
If you need to find includes or libraries installed by a pkg that has
|
|
USE_IMAKE, USE_MOTIF, or USE_X11BASE in its pkg Makefile, you need to use
|
|
_both_ ${X11BASE} and ${LOCALBASE}.
|
|
|
|
* ${X11PREFIX} should be used to refer to the installed location of an X11
|
|
package. X11PREFIX will be set to ${X11BASE} if xpkgwedge is not installed,
|
|
and to ${LOCALBASE} if xpkgwedge is installed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.2 Main targets
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
The main targets used during the build process defined in bsd.pkg.mk are:
|
|
|
|
* fetch:
|
|
This will check if the file(s) given in the variables DISTFILES and
|
|
PATCHFILES (as defined in the package's Makefile) are present on the
|
|
local system in /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. If they are not present, they
|
|
will be fetched using ftp(1) from the site(s) given in the variable
|
|
PATCH_SITES. The location(s) in PATCH_SITES are in the form of URLs
|
|
and can be ftp://- and http://-URLs, as ftp(1) understands both of
|
|
them.
|
|
|
|
* checksum:
|
|
After the distfile(s) are fetched, their MD5 checksum is generated and
|
|
compared with the checksums stored in the files/md5 file. If the
|
|
checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same
|
|
distfile is used for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed,
|
|
e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master
|
|
distribution site or network lossage.
|
|
|
|
* extract:
|
|
When the distfiles are present on the local system, they need to be
|
|
extracted, as they are usually in the form of some compressed archive
|
|
format, most commonly .tar.gz. If only some of the distfiles need to be
|
|
uncompressed, the files to be uncompressed should be put into
|
|
EXTRACT_ONLY. If the distfiles are not in .tar.gz format, they can be
|
|
extracted by setting EXTRACT_CMD, EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS and/or
|
|
EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS.
|
|
|
|
* patch:
|
|
After extraction, all the patches named by the PATCHFILES and those
|
|
present in the patches subdirectory of the package are applied.
|
|
Patchfiles ending in .Z or .gz are uncompressed before they are
|
|
applied, files ending in .orig or .rej are ignored. Any special
|
|
options to patch(1) can be handed in PATCH_DIST_ARGS. See section
|
|
4.3 for more details.
|
|
|
|
If PKG_DEVELOPER is set in /etc/mk.conf, patch is given special args
|
|
to make it fail if the patches with some lines of fuzz. Please fix
|
|
(regen) the patches so that they apply cleanly. The rationale behind
|
|
this is that patches that apply cleanly may end up being applied in the
|
|
wrong place, and cause severe harm there.
|
|
|
|
* configure:
|
|
Most pieces of software need information on the header files,
|
|
system calls, and library routines which are available in NetBSD.
|
|
This is the process known as configuration, and is usually
|
|
automated. In most cases, a script is supplied with the source,
|
|
and its invocation results in generation of header files,
|
|
Makefiles, etc.
|
|
|
|
If the program doesn't come with its own configure script, one can be
|
|
placed in the package's scripts directory, called "configure". If so, it
|
|
is executed using sh(1).
|
|
|
|
If the program's distfile contains its own configure script, this can
|
|
be invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE. If the configure script is a GNU
|
|
autoconf script, GNU_CONFIGURE should be specified instead. In either
|
|
case, any arguments to the configure script can be specified in the
|
|
CONFIGURE_ARGS variable, and the configure script's name can be set in
|
|
CONFIGURE_SCRIPT if it differs from the default "configure".
|
|
|
|
If the program uses an Imakefile for configuration, the appropriate
|
|
steps can be invoked by setting USE_IMAKE to YES. (If you only want the
|
|
package installed in $X11PREFIX but xmkmf not being run, set USE_X11BASE
|
|
instead!)
|
|
|
|
* build:
|
|
Once configuration has taken place, the software can be built on
|
|
NetBSD by invoking $MAKE_PROGRAM on $MAKEFILE with $ALL_TARGET as
|
|
the target to build. The default MAKE_PROGRAM is "gmake" if
|
|
USE_GMAKE is set, "make" otherwise. MAKEFILE is set to "Makefile"
|
|
by default, and ALL_TARGET defaults to "all". Any of these
|
|
variables can be set to change the default build process.
|
|
|
|
* install:
|
|
Once the build stage has completed, the final step is to install
|
|
the software in public directories, for users. As in the
|
|
build-target, $MAKE_PROGRAM is invoked on $MAKEFILE here, but with
|
|
the $INSTALL_TARGET instead, the latter defaulting to "install"
|
|
(plus "install.man", if USE_IMAKE is set).
|
|
|
|
If no target is specified, the default is "build". If a subsequent stage
|
|
is requested, all prior stages are made: e.g. "make build" will also
|
|
perform the equivalent of:
|
|
|
|
make fetch
|
|
make checksum
|
|
make extract
|
|
make patch
|
|
make configure
|
|
make build
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.3 Other helpful targets
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
* pre/post-*
|
|
For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two
|
|
auxiliary targets exist with "pre-" and "post-" used as a prefix
|
|
for the main target's name. These targets are invoked before and
|
|
after the main target is called, allowing extra configuration or
|
|
installation steps, for example, which program's configure script
|
|
or install target omitted. For any of these auxiliary targets,
|
|
scripts of the same name can be placed in the package's
|
|
scripts-subdirectory that will be executed at the given time, see
|
|
section 4.5.
|
|
|
|
* do-*:
|
|
Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there
|
|
be no variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-*
|
|
target. (Note that redefining the target itself instead of the
|
|
do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-* targets won't be
|
|
called anymore, etc.) You will not usually need to do this.
|
|
|
|
* reinstall:
|
|
If you did a "make install" and you noticed some file was not installed
|
|
properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will
|
|
ignore the "already installed" flag.
|
|
|
|
* deinstall:
|
|
This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory,
|
|
effectively de-installing the package. The following variables can
|
|
be used either on the command line or in /etc/mk.conf to tune the
|
|
behaviour:
|
|
|
|
- PKG_VERBOSE:
|
|
Add a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command.
|
|
|
|
- DEINSTALLDEPENDS:
|
|
Remove all packages that require (depend on) the given package.
|
|
This can be used to remove any packages that may have been pulled in
|
|
by a given package, e.g. if "make deinstall DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1" is
|
|
done in x11/kde, this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by adding
|
|
a "-R" to the pkg_delete command line.
|
|
|
|
* update:
|
|
This target causes the current package to be updated to the latest
|
|
version. The package and all depending packages first get deinstalled,
|
|
then current versions of the corresponding packages get compiled and
|
|
installed. This is similar to manually noting which packages are
|
|
currently installed, then performing a series of "make deinstall" and
|
|
and "make install" (or whatever DEPENDS_TARGET is set to) for these
|
|
packages.
|
|
|
|
You can use the "update" target to resume package updating in case a
|
|
previous "make update" was interrupted for some reason. However, in
|
|
this case, make sure you don't call "make clean" or otherwise remove
|
|
the list of dependent packages in ${WRKDIR}. Otherwise you lose the
|
|
ability to automatically update the current package along with the
|
|
dependent packages you have installed.
|
|
|
|
Resuming an interrupted "make update" will only work as long as the
|
|
package tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the
|
|
packages to be updated has been changed, resuming "make update" will
|
|
most certainly fail!
|
|
|
|
The following variables can be used either on the command line or in
|
|
/etc/mk.conf to alter the behaviour of "make update":
|
|
|
|
- DEPENDS_TARGET:
|
|
Install target to use for the updated package and the
|
|
dependent packages. Defaults to "install". E.g.
|
|
"make update DEPENDS_TARGET=package"
|
|
|
|
- NOCLEAN:
|
|
Don't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the
|
|
work sources of the updated packages around for inspection or
|
|
other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source
|
|
tree (see the "clean-update" target below) or you may run into
|
|
troubles with old source code still lying around on your next
|
|
"make" or "make update".
|
|
|
|
- REINSTALL:
|
|
Deinstall each package before installing (making ${DEPENDS_TARGET}).
|
|
This may be necessary if the "clean-update" target (see below) was
|
|
called after interrupting a running "make update".
|
|
|
|
* clean-update:
|
|
Clean the source tree for all packages that would get updated if
|
|
"make update" was called from the current directory. This target
|
|
should not be used if the current package (or any of its depending
|
|
packages) have already been deinstalled (e.g., after calling "make
|
|
update") or you may lose some packages you intended to update.
|
|
As a rule of thumb: only use this target _before_ the first time
|
|
you call "make update" and only if you have a dirty package tree
|
|
(e.g., if you used NOCLEAN). The following variables can be used
|
|
either on the command line or in /etc/mk.conf to alter the behaviour
|
|
of "make clean-update":
|
|
|
|
- CLEAR_DIRLIST:
|
|
After "make clean", do not reconstruct the list of directories to
|
|
update for this package. Only use this if "make update" successfully
|
|
installed all packages you wanted to update. Normally, this is done
|
|
automatically on "make update", but may have been suppressed by the
|
|
NOCLEAN variable (see above).
|
|
|
|
* info:
|
|
This target invokes "pkg_info" for the current package. You can use this
|
|
e.g. to check which version of a package is installed.
|
|
|
|
* readme:
|
|
This target generates a README.html file, which can be viewed using a
|
|
browser such as navigator (pkgsrc/www/navigator) or lynx
|
|
(pkgsrc/www/lynx). The generated files contain references to any
|
|
packages which are in the ${PACKAGES} directory on the local host. The
|
|
generated files can be made to refer to URLs based on FTP_PKG_URL_HOST
|
|
and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR. For example, if I wanted to generate README.html
|
|
files which pointed to binary packages on the local machine, in the
|
|
directory /usr/packages, set FTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhost and
|
|
FTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages. The ${PACKAGES} directory and its
|
|
subdirectories will be searched for all the binary packages.
|
|
|
|
* readme-all:
|
|
Use this target to create a file README-all.html which contains a
|
|
list of all packages currently available in the NetBSD Packages
|
|
Collection, together with the category they belong to and a short
|
|
description. This file is compiled from the pkgsrc/*/README.html
|
|
files, so be sure to run this _after_ a "make readme".
|
|
|
|
* cdrom-readme:
|
|
This is very much the same as the readme: target (see above), but is
|
|
to be used when generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM.
|
|
This target also produces README.html files, and can be made to refer
|
|
to URLs based on CDROM_PKG_URL_HOST and CDROM_PKG_URL_DIR.
|
|
|
|
* show-distfiles:
|
|
This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles are needed to build
|
|
the package. (DISTFILES and PATCHFILES, but not patches/*)
|
|
|
|
* show-downlevel:
|
|
This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version
|
|
of this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this
|
|
version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can
|
|
be used to show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so
|
|
the old versions can be deleted, and the current ones added.
|
|
|
|
* show-pkgsrc-dir:
|
|
This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the
|
|
package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory
|
|
as the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended
|
|
to be used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single
|
|
host, and can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the
|
|
target "show-host-specific-pkgs"
|
|
|
|
* check-shlibs:
|
|
After a package is installed, check all it's binaries and (on ELF
|
|
platforms) shared libraries if they find the shared libs they need.
|
|
Run by default if PKG_DEVELOPER is set in /etc/mk.conf.
|
|
|
|
* print-PLIST:
|
|
After a 'make install' from a new or upgraded pkg, this prints out an
|
|
attempt to generate a new PLIST from a 'find -newer work/.extract_done'.
|
|
An attempt is made to care for shared libs etc., but it is STRONGLY
|
|
recommended to review the result before putting it into pkg/PLIST. On
|
|
upgrades, it's useful to diff the output of this command against an already
|
|
existing pkg/PLIST file.
|
|
|
|
If the package installs files via tar(1) or other methods that don't update
|
|
file access times, be sure to add these files manually to your pkg/PLIST,
|
|
as 'find -newer' won't catch them!
|
|
|
|
* bulk-package:
|
|
Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary package already exists,
|
|
no action is taken. If not, this target will compile, install and
|
|
package it (and it's depends, if PKG_DEPENDS is set properly, see
|
|
section 3.2.1). After creating the binary package, the sources, the
|
|
just-installed package and it's required packages are removed,
|
|
preserving free disk space.
|
|
|
|
* bulk-install:
|
|
Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an
|
|
appropriate binary package is available, it will be installed via
|
|
pkg_add. If not, "make bulk-package" will be executed, but the installed
|
|
binary not be removed. A binary package is "appropriate" to be installed
|
|
via pkg_add if:
|
|
|
|
- None of the package's files (Makefile, ...) were modified since it
|
|
was built
|
|
- None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since
|
|
it was built
|
|
|
|
8 Debugging
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
To check out all the gotchas when building a package (wither from
|
|
a FreeBSD port, or from scratch), here are the steps that I do in
|
|
order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the
|
|
same as what was explained in the previous sections, only with some
|
|
debugging aids.
|
|
|
|
- Make sure PKG_DEVELOPER=1 is in /etc/mk.conf
|
|
- Retrieve port from FreeBSD collection
|
|
- Fix RCS-ID in the package's Makefile, see section 4.1.
|
|
- Import unchanged FreeBSD source (ONLY if you have cvs access, not needed
|
|
otherwise):
|
|
(cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname ; cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname \
|
|
FREEBSD FreeBSD-current-yyyy-mm-dd)
|
|
- If you did a CVS import, check it out to apply the following fixes
|
|
(not needed if you don't have CVS access!)
|
|
- Look at Makefile, fix if necessary; see section 4.1.
|
|
- Look at patches, remember if not appropriate
|
|
- Have a look at pkg/PLIST, add a "@comment <$>NetBSD<$>" line at the
|
|
beginning of any PLIST file (see section 5).
|
|
- make
|
|
- If something is not ok, fix; for patches: fix the file, then re-generate
|
|
the diff: 'diff -bu foo.orig foo >../../patches/patch-xx' (mv patch-xx
|
|
patch-xx.orig before); If there's no foo.orig from a previous patch, be
|
|
sure to have an old version of the file somewhere; re-iterate :)
|
|
- If all builds OK: touch /tmp/bla
|
|
- make install
|
|
- find /usr/pkg/ /usr/X11R6/ -newer /tmp/bla >/tmp/x
|
|
(or whatever you set LOCALBASE and X11BASE to)
|
|
- pkg_delete blub
|
|
- find /usr/pkg/ /usr/X11R6/ -newer /tmp/bla (or diff against output of
|
|
'make print-PLIST'): if this brings up any files, that are missing in
|
|
pkg/PLIST*; add them.
|
|
- Compare pkg/PLIST* against /tmp/x, fix the former one
|
|
( sort /tmp/x >/tmp/x2 ; sort pkg/PLIST >/tmp/P ; sdiff /tmp/x2 /tmp/P )
|
|
- make reinstall && make package
|
|
- pkg_delete blub
|
|
- "find /usr/pkg/ /usr/X11R6/ -type f -newer /tmp/bla" shouldn't find anything
|
|
now
|
|
- pkg_add .../blub.tgz
|
|
- Play with it :)
|
|
- pkg_delete - still no file should be left (re-run above find)
|
|
- make clean && touch /tmp/bla && make install && make clean && make deinstall
|
|
then run the find again. Yes, some software authors write Makefiles that
|
|
install files during the build target. Sigh. Re-run the find, and fix the
|
|
PLIST. Repeat until certain the software does not install any files that
|
|
aren't in PLIST.
|
|
- submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see section 10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 FAQs & features of the package system
|
|
=======================================
|
|
|
|
9.1 Packages using GNU autoconfig
|
|
=================================
|
|
|
|
If your package uses GNU autoconf, add the following to your package's
|
|
Makefile:
|
|
|
|
> GNU_CONFIGURE= yes
|
|
|
|
Note that this appends --prefix=${PREFIX} to CONFIGURE_ARGS, so you don't
|
|
have to do that yourself, and this may not be what you want.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.2 Other distrib methods than .tar.gz
|
|
======================================
|
|
|
|
If your package uses a different distribution method from .tar.gz, take a
|
|
look at the package for editors/sam, which uses a gzipped shell archive
|
|
(shar), but the quick solution is to set EXTRACT_SUFX to the name after the
|
|
DISTNAME field, and add the following to your package's Makefile:
|
|
|
|
> EXTRACT_SUFX= .msg.gz
|
|
> EXTRACT_CMD= zcat
|
|
> EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS=
|
|
> EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS= |sh
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.3 Packages not creating their own subdirectory
|
|
================================================
|
|
|
|
Your package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself (like GNU software
|
|
does, for instance), but extracts itself in the current directory: see
|
|
editors/sam again, but the quick answer is:
|
|
|
|
> NO_WRKSUBDIR= yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.4 Custom configuration process
|
|
================================
|
|
|
|
Your package uses a weird Configure script: See the top package, but the
|
|
quick answer is:
|
|
|
|
> HAS_CONFIGURE= yes
|
|
> CONFIGURE_SCRIPT= Configure
|
|
> CONFIGURE_ARGS+= netbsd13
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.5 Packages not building in their DISTNAME directory
|
|
======================================================
|
|
|
|
Your package builds in a different directory from its base DISTNAME - see
|
|
tcl and tk packages:
|
|
|
|
> WRKSRC= ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.6 How to fetch all distfiles at once
|
|
======================================
|
|
|
|
You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or
|
|
university, where you can't run a "make fetch". But there's no archive of
|
|
the distfiles on ftp.netbsd.org and the one on ftp.freebsd.org contains
|
|
many distfiles for which there are no ports (yet).
|
|
|
|
The answer here is to do a "make fetch-list" in /usr/pkgsrc, carry the
|
|
resulting list to your machine at work/school and use it there If you don't
|
|
have a NetBSD-compatible ftp(1) (like lukemftp) at work, don't forget to
|
|
set FETCH_CMD to something that fetches an URL:
|
|
|
|
At home:
|
|
cd /usr/pkgsrc
|
|
make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh
|
|
scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp
|
|
|
|
At work:
|
|
sh /tmp/fetch.sh
|
|
tar up /tmp/distfiles and take it home
|
|
|
|
If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get *all* distfiles
|
|
(even ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by
|
|
using the above-mentioned 'make fetch-list'-approach, or fetch the distfiles
|
|
directly by typing:
|
|
|
|
make mirror-distfiles
|
|
|
|
If you even decide to ignore NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}, then you can
|
|
get all & everything by typing
|
|
|
|
make fetch NO_IGNORE=yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.7 How to fetch files from behind a firewall
|
|
=============================================
|
|
|
|
If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections
|
|
to Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts.
|
|
This is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL
|
|
e.g. in Amdahl, the machine orpheus.amdahl.com is one of the firewalls, and
|
|
it uses port 80 as the proxy port number. So the proxy environment
|
|
variables look like:
|
|
|
|
ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
|
|
http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.8 If your patch contains an RCS ID
|
|
====================================
|
|
|
|
See section 4.3 on how to remove RCS IDs from patch files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.9 How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
|
|
==============================================
|
|
|
|
The problem with package-defined variables that can be overridden via
|
|
MAKECONF or /etc/mk.conf is that make(1) expands a variable as it is
|
|
used, but evaluates preprocessor like statements (.if, .ifdef and
|
|
.ifndef) as they are read. So, to use any variable (which may be set
|
|
in /etc/mk.conf) in one of the .if* statements, the file /etc/mk.conf
|
|
must be included before that .if* statement.
|
|
|
|
Rather than have a number of ad-hoc ways of including /etc/mk.conf,
|
|
should it exist, or MAKECONF, should it exist, include the
|
|
pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk file in the package Makefile before any
|
|
preprocessor-like .if, .ifdef, or .ifndef statements:
|
|
|
|
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"
|
|
|
|
.if defined(USE_MENUS)
|
|
...
|
|
.endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.10 Is there a mailing list for pkg-related discussion?
|
|
========================================================
|
|
|
|
Yes. We are using tech-pkg@netbsd.org for discussing package related
|
|
issues. To subscribe do:
|
|
|
|
echo subscribe tech-pkg | mail majordomo@netbsd.org
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.11 How do i tell "make fetch" to do passive FTP?
|
|
==================================================
|
|
|
|
This depends on which utility is used to retrieve distfiles. From
|
|
bsd.pkg.mk, FETCH_CMD is assigned the first available command from the
|
|
following list:
|
|
|
|
/usr/bin/fetch
|
|
${LOCALBASE}/bsd/bin/ftp
|
|
/usr/bin/ftp
|
|
|
|
On a default NetBSD install, this will be /usr/bin/ftp, which automatically
|
|
tries passive connections first, and falls back to active connections if the
|
|
server refuses to do passive. For the other tools, add the following to your
|
|
/etc/mk.conf file: PASSIVE_FETCH=1
|
|
|
|
Having that option present will prevent /usr/bin/ftp from falling back to
|
|
active transfers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.12 Dependencies on other packages
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
Your package may depend on some other package being present - and there are
|
|
various ways of expressing this dependency. NetBSD supports the
|
|
BUILD_DEPENDS and DEPENDS definitions (beware: the DEPENDS definition is
|
|
not the same as FreeBSD's deprecated one, and NetBSD does not use the
|
|
FreeBSD LIB_DEPENDS definition any more - it proved problematic on ELF
|
|
NetBSD platforms).
|
|
|
|
[In the following examples, the BUILD_DEPENDS dependencies have the format:
|
|
<file>:<directory containing package to build>[:<stage>] If the <stage>
|
|
isn't specified, it defaults to ``install''. If the file contains a '/', it
|
|
is interpreted as a regular file - otherwise, the name is taken to be an
|
|
executable file, and the PATH is searched for <file>. If the regular file
|
|
is not found, or the executable file is not in the path, then the
|
|
pre-requisite package will be built from the sources in <directory
|
|
containing the package to build>. The DEPENDS definition specifies a
|
|
package name (which contains its version number), and the directory
|
|
containing the package to build if this version of the package is not
|
|
installed.]
|
|
|
|
(a) If your package needs files from another package to build, see the
|
|
print/ghostscript5 package (it relies on the jpeg sources being
|
|
present in source form during the build):
|
|
|
|
BUILD_DEPENDS+= ../../graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6a:../../graphics/jpeg:extract
|
|
|
|
(b) If your package needs to use another package to build itself, this
|
|
is specified using the BUILD_DEPENDS definition, but without
|
|
specifying the stage ``:extract'' in (a) above. An example is the
|
|
print/lyx package, which uses the latex binary during its build
|
|
process:
|
|
|
|
BUILD_DEPENDS+= latex:../../print/teTeX
|
|
|
|
(c) If your package needs a library with which to link, this is
|
|
specified using the DEPENDS definition. An example of this is the
|
|
print/lyx package, which uses the xpm library, version 3.4j to build.
|
|
|
|
DEPENDS+= xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm
|
|
|
|
You can also use wildcards in package dependences:
|
|
|
|
DEPENDS+= xpm-*:../../graphics/xpm
|
|
|
|
Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating
|
|
binary package. The dependency is checked when installing the binary
|
|
package and any package which matches the pattern would be used.
|
|
Beware that wildard dependencies should be used with a bit of care.
|
|
Simple example for package which needs some version of Tk installed,
|
|
but doesn't care which exactly - dependency
|
|
|
|
DEPENDS+= tk-*:../../x11/tk80
|
|
|
|
would also match e.g. tk-postgresql-6.5.3, which is not what was
|
|
needed. ALWAYS ensure that the wildcard doesn't match more than it should.
|
|
|
|
(d) If your package needs some executable to be able to run correctly, this
|
|
is specified using the DEPENDS definition. The print/lyx package needs to
|
|
be able to execute the latex binary from the teTex package when it runs,
|
|
and that is specified:
|
|
|
|
DEPENDS+= teTex-*:../../print/teTeX
|
|
|
|
The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph
|
|
applies here, too.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.13 Conflicts with other packages
|
|
==================================
|
|
|
|
Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have
|
|
installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of
|
|
files like another package in our pkgsrc tree.
|
|
|
|
In this case you can set CONFLICTS to a space separated list of packages
|
|
(including version string) your package conflicts with.
|
|
|
|
For example pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d and pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm install provide the
|
|
same shared library, thus you set in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile:
|
|
|
|
CONFLICTS= Xaw-Xpm-*
|
|
|
|
and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile:
|
|
|
|
CONFLICTS= Xaw3d-*
|
|
|
|
Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix
|
|
and a different version string. "Xaw3d-1.5" e.g. will automatically conflict
|
|
with the older version "Xaw3d-1.3".
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.14 Software which has a WWW Home Page
|
|
=======================================
|
|
|
|
The NetBSD packages system now supports a variable called HOMEPAGE.
|
|
If the software being packaged has a home page, the Makefile should
|
|
include the URL for that page in the HOMEPAGE variable. The definition
|
|
of the variable should be placed immediately after the MAINTAINER
|
|
variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.15 How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name
|
|
=========================================================
|
|
|
|
Sometimes authors of a software package make some modifications after the
|
|
software was released, and they put up a new distfile without changing the
|
|
package's version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at that time,
|
|
the md5 checksum will no longer match. The correct way to work around this
|
|
is to update the package's md5 checksum to match the package on the master
|
|
site (beware, any mirrors may not be up to date yet!), and to remove the
|
|
old distfile from ftp.netbsd.org's /pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles directory.
|
|
Furthermore, a mail to the package's author seems appropriate making sure
|
|
the distfile was really updated on purpose, and that no trojan horse or so
|
|
crept in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.16 What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc" mean?
|
|
========================================================================
|
|
|
|
When compiling the pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_install package, you get the error
|
|
from make that it doesn't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc? This
|
|
indicates that you don't have installed the "text" set on your machine
|
|
(nroff, ...). Please do that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.17 How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
|
|
========================================================================
|
|
|
|
When making fixes to an existing package it can be useful to change
|
|
the version number in PKGNAME. To avoid conflicting with future versions
|
|
by the original author, use a 'nb1' suffix (later versions should
|
|
increment this to give 'nb2' and so on).
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.18 "Could not find bsd.own.mk" - what's wrong?
|
|
================================================
|
|
|
|
You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz, when you installed your
|
|
NetBSD machine. Please get it and install it, by extracting it in /:
|
|
|
|
tar --unlink -pvxf .../comp.tgz
|
|
|
|
comp.tgz is part of every NetBSD release, please get the one matching
|
|
the release you have installed (determine via "uname -r").
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.19 Restricted packages
|
|
========================
|
|
|
|
Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. In order to
|
|
satisfy these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables
|
|
that can be set to note these restrictions:
|
|
|
|
- RESTRICTED:
|
|
This variable should be set whenever a restriction exists
|
|
(regardless of its kind). Set this variable to a string
|
|
containing the reason for the restriction.
|
|
|
|
- NO_BIN_ON_CDROM:
|
|
Binaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to
|
|
${RESTRICTED} whenever a binary package may not be included
|
|
on a CD-ROM.
|
|
|
|
- NO_BIN_ON_FTP:
|
|
Binaries may not be placed on an ftp server. Set this
|
|
variable to ${RESTRICTED} whenever a binary package may not
|
|
not be made available on the internet.
|
|
|
|
- NO_SRC_ON_CDROM:
|
|
Distfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to
|
|
${RESTRICTED} if re-distribution of the source code or other
|
|
distfile(s) is not allowed on CD-ROMs.
|
|
|
|
- NO_SRC_ON_FTP:
|
|
Distfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this variable to
|
|
${RESTRICTED} if re-distribution of the source code or other
|
|
distfile(s) via the internet is not allowed.
|
|
|
|
Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE, IGNORE, NO_CDROM, or other generic
|
|
make variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because they
|
|
unconditionally prevent users from generating binary packages!
|
|
|
|
9.20 Packages using (n)curses
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
Some packages need curses functionality that wasn't present in NetBSD's own
|
|
curses prior to 1.4Y. For packages using such functionality there are some
|
|
variables: If USE_CURSES is set in a package's Makefile, NEED_NCURSES is
|
|
set automatically to YES or NO, depending on whether a dependency on
|
|
ncurses is needed on this system. You can use this variable to e.g. add
|
|
arguments to configure to tell the package whether to use ncurses.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, you can set REPLACE_NCURSES to some filenames; in each of
|
|
these files, each occurrence of 'ncurses' is replaced by 'curses' if the
|
|
package doesn't need ncurses. You may need this in some cases if ncurses
|
|
are installed, and the package's configure script prefers ncurses.
|
|
|
|
For example, in mail/mutt, the relevant lines are:
|
|
USE_CURSES= YES
|
|
REPLACE_NCURSES= configure configure.in
|
|
[...]
|
|
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
|
|
|
|
.if defined(NEED_NCURSES) && ${NEED_NCURSES} == "YES"
|
|
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-curses=${LOCALBASE}
|
|
.endif
|
|
|
|
Please note that the check for NEED_NCURSES has to be below the
|
|
inclusion of bsd.pkg.mk, since the variable is set there.
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Submitting & Committing
|
|
==========================
|
|
|
|
10.1 Submitting your packages
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
You have to seperate between binary and "normale" (source) packages here:
|
|
|
|
* precompiled binary packages:
|
|
Our policy is that we accept binaries only from NetBSD developers to
|
|
guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc.
|
|
This is not to piss anyone off but rather to protect our users!
|
|
You're still free to put up your home-made binary packages and tell
|
|
the world where to get them.
|
|
|
|
* packages:
|
|
First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see
|
|
section 8 and the rest of this document. Then, generate a gzipped
|
|
tar-file of all the files needed for the package, preferably with all
|
|
files in a single directory. Place this tar-file to a place where the
|
|
package maintainers can fetch it using FTP or HTTP (WWW). Finally,
|
|
send-pr with category "pkg", a synopsis which includes the package name
|
|
and version number, a short description of your package
|
|
(contents of pkg/COMMENT are OK) and the URL of your tar-file.
|
|
|
|
You will be notified if your send-pr has been addressed so you can remove
|
|
the tar-file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.2 Committing: Importing the package into CVS
|
|
===============================================
|
|
|
|
This section is only of interrest for NetBSD developers with write access
|
|
to the NetBSD pkgsrc repository. Newly created packages should be imported
|
|
with a vendor tag of "TNF" and a release tag of "pkgsrc-base", e.g:
|
|
|
|
cvs import pkgsrc/<category>/frobnitz TNF pkgsrc-base
|
|
|
|
Packages derived from a FreeBSD port should be imported with a vendor tag
|
|
of "FREEBSD" and a release tag of "FreeBSD-current-YYYY-MM-DD" (YYYY-MM-DD
|
|
being the date when the snapshot of the port were taken form the FreeBSD
|
|
tree), and then doing the necessary modifications by normal CVS operations.
|
|
E.g:
|
|
|
|
cvs import pkgsrc/<category>/mumbler FREEBSD FreeBSD-current-1998-04-01
|
|
cvs rm patches/patch-a
|
|
cvs add patches/patch-aa
|
|
cvs ci
|
|
|
|
Please note all package updates/additions in doc/pkg-CHANGES! It's very
|
|
important to keep this file up to date and conforming to the existing
|
|
format, because it will be used by scripts to automatically update pages on
|
|
www.netbsd.org and other sites.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 A simple example of a package: bison
|
|
=======================================
|
|
|
|
I checked to find a piece of software that isn't in the FreeBSD ports
|
|
collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have
|
|
bison when Berkeley yacc is already present in the tree is beyond me, but
|
|
it's useful for the purposes of this exercise.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1 files
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
The file contents in this section must be used without the "> " prefix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1.1 Makefile
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
> # <$>NetBSD<$>
|
|
>
|
|
> DISTNAME= bison-1.25
|
|
> CATEGORIES= devel
|
|
> MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
|
|
>
|
|
> MAINTAINER= thorpej@netbsd.org
|
|
> HOMEPAGE= http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html
|
|
>
|
|
> GNU_CONFIGURE= yes
|
|
> INFO_FILES= bison.info
|
|
>
|
|
> .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1.2 pkg/COMMENT
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
> GNU yacc clone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1.3 pkg/DESCR
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
> GNU version of yacc. Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other
|
|
> improvements. Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part
|
|
> of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1.4 pkg/PLIST
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
> @comment <$>NetBSD<$>
|
|
> bin/bison
|
|
> man/man1/bison.1.gz
|
|
> @unexec install-info --delete %D/info/bison.info %D/info/dir
|
|
> info/bison.info
|
|
> info/bison.info-1
|
|
> info/bison.info-2
|
|
> info/bison.info-3
|
|
> info/bison.info-4
|
|
> info/bison.info-5
|
|
> @exec install-info %D/info/bison.info %D/info/dir
|
|
> share/bison.simple
|
|
> share/bison.hairy
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.1.5 Checking a package "pkglint"
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
The NetBSD package system comes with a tool called "pkglint" (located in the
|
|
directory "pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint") which helps to check the contents of these
|
|
files. After installation it is quite easy to use, just change to the
|
|
directory of the package you which to examine and execute "pkglint":
|
|
|
|
> tron@lyssa:/usr/pkgsrc/devel/bison>pkglint
|
|
> OK: checking pkg/COMMENT.
|
|
> OK: checking pkg/DESCR.
|
|
> OK: checking Makefile.
|
|
> OK: checking files/md5.
|
|
> OK: checking patches/patch-aa.
|
|
> looks fine.
|
|
|
|
Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see "man pkglint") more
|
|
intensive checks will be performed. Use e.g. "pkglint -a -v" for a very
|
|
detailed and verbose check.
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.2 Steps for building, installing, packaging
|
|
==============================================
|
|
|
|
Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang(1765)# cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang(1765)# mkdir bison
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang(1766)# cd bison
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1768)# mkdir files patches pkg
|
|
|
|
Create Makefile, pkg/COMMENT, pkg/DESCR and pkg/PLIST as in section 11.1,
|
|
then continue with fetching the distfile:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1769)# make fetch
|
|
> >> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
|
|
> >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//.
|
|
> Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
|
|
> ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error
|
|
>
|
|
> >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//.
|
|
> Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
|
|
> ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error
|
|
>
|
|
> >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//.
|
|
> Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
|
|
> Successfully retrieved file.
|
|
|
|
Generate the checksum of the distfile into files/md5:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1770)# make makesum
|
|
|
|
Now compile:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1777)# make
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Extracting for bison-1.25
|
|
> ===> Patching for bison-1.25
|
|
> ===> Ignoring empty patch directory
|
|
> ===> Configuring for bison-1.25
|
|
> creating cache ./config.cache
|
|
> checking for gcc... cc
|
|
> checking whether we are using GNU C... yes
|
|
> checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin
|
|
> checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
|
|
> checking for minix/config.h... no
|
|
> checking for POSIXized ISC... no
|
|
> checking whether cross-compiling... no
|
|
> checking for ANSI C header files... yes
|
|
> checking for string.h... yes
|
|
> checking for stdlib.h... yes
|
|
> checking for memory.h... yes
|
|
> checking for working const... yes
|
|
> checking for working alloca.h... no
|
|
> checking for alloca... yes
|
|
> checking for strerror... yes
|
|
> updating cache ./config.cache
|
|
> creating ./config.status
|
|
> creating Makefile
|
|
> ===> Building for bison-1.25
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g LR0.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g allocate.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g closure.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g conflicts.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g derives.c
|
|
> cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\" -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -g ./files.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getargs.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g gram.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lalr.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lex.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g main.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g nullable.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g output.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g print.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reader.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reduce.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g symtab.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g warshall.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g version.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt.c
|
|
> cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt1.c
|
|
> cc -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o warshall.o version.o
|
|
|
|
getopt.o getopt1.o
|
|
> ./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp()
|
|
> rm -f bison.s1
|
|
> sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1
|
|
|
|
Everything seems OK, so install the files:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1785)# make install
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Installing for bison-1.25
|
|
> sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1
|
|
> rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison
|
|
> cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy
|
|
> rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info*
|
|
> install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison
|
|
> /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple
|
|
> /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy
|
|
> cd .; for f in bison.info*; do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done
|
|
> /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1
|
|
> ===> Registering installation for bison-1.25
|
|
|
|
You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with
|
|
"pkg_delete bison-1.25". Should you decide that you want a binary package,
|
|
do this now:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1786)# make package
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Building package for bison-1.25
|
|
> Creating package bison-1.25.tgz
|
|
> Registering depends:.
|
|
> Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
|
|
|
|
Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up:
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison(1787)# make clean
|
|
> ===> Cleaning for bison-1.25
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================
|
|
Appendix A: build logs
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
A.1 Building top
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
> Script started on Fri Oct 3 13:22:31 1997
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top(1342)# make
|
|
> >> top-3.5beta5.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
|
|
> >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top/.
|
|
> Requesting ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top/top-3.5beta5.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
|
|
> Successfully retrieved file.
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Extracting for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> ===> Patching for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> ===> Applying NetBSD patches for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> ===> Configuring for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> /bin/cp /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/files/defaults /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/work/top-3.5beta5/.defaults
|
|
> chmod a-x /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/work/top-3.5beta5/install
|
|
>
|
|
> Reading configuration from last time...
|
|
>
|
|
> Using these settings:
|
|
> Bourne Shell /bin/sh
|
|
> C compiler cc
|
|
> Compiler options -DHAVE_GETOPT -O
|
|
> Awk command awk
|
|
> Install command /usr/bin/install
|
|
>
|
|
> Module netbsd13
|
|
> LoadMax 5.0
|
|
> Default TOPN -1
|
|
> Nominal TOPN 18
|
|
> Default Delay 2
|
|
> Random passwd access yes
|
|
> Table Size 47
|
|
> Owner root
|
|
> Group Owner kmem
|
|
> Mode 2755
|
|
> bin directory $(PREFIX)/bin
|
|
> man directory $(PREFIX)/man/man1
|
|
> man extension 1
|
|
> man style man
|
|
>
|
|
> Building Makefile...
|
|
> Building top.local.h...
|
|
> Building top.1...
|
|
> Doing a "make clean".
|
|
> rm -f *.o top core core.* sigdesc.h
|
|
> To create the executable, type "make".
|
|
> To install the executable, type "make install".
|
|
> ===> Building for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c top.c
|
|
> awk -f sigconv.awk /usr/include/sys/signal.h >sigdesc.h
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c commands.c
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c display.c
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c screen.c
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c username.c
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c utils.c
|
|
> utils.c: In function `errmsg':
|
|
> utils.c:348: warning: return discards `const' from pointer target type
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c version.c
|
|
> cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c getopt.c
|
|
> cc "-DOSREV=12G" -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c machine.c
|
|
> rm -f top
|
|
> cc -o top top.o commands.o display.o screen.o username.o utils.o version.o getopt.o machine.o -ltermcap -lm -lkvm
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top(1343)# make install
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Installing for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> /usr/bin/install -o root -m 2755 -g kmem top /usr/pkg/bin
|
|
> /usr/bin/install top.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/top.1
|
|
> strip /usr/pkg/bin/top
|
|
> ===> Registering installation for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top(1344)#
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.2 Packaging top
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top(1344)# make package
|
|
> >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz.
|
|
> ===> Building package for top-3.5beta5
|
|
> Creating package top-3.5beta5.tgz
|
|
> Registering depends:.
|
|
> Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/top-3.5beta5.tgz'
|
|
> root@pumpy:/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top(1345)#
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================
|
|
Appendix B: Layout of the FTP server's package archive
|
|
======================================================
|
|
|
|
Layout for precompiled binary packages on ftp.netbsd.org:
|
|
|
|
/pub/NetBSD/packages/
|
|
README
|
|
distfiles/
|
|
pkgsrc -> /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc
|
|
1.3/
|
|
i386/
|
|
All/
|
|
archivers/
|
|
foo -> ../All/foo
|
|
...
|
|
m68k/
|
|
All/
|
|
archivers/
|
|
foo -> ../All/foo
|
|
...
|
|
amiga -> m68k
|
|
atari -> m68k
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
To create:
|
|
- cd /usr/pkgsrc ; make install ; make package
|
|
- upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to
|
|
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/`uname -r`/`sysctl -n hw.machine_arch`
|
|
- if necessary ln -s `sysctl -n hw.machine` `sysctl -n hw.machine_arch`
|
|
|
|
Disk space needed: unknown.
|
|
|
|
Packages for a release version of NetBSD should be uploaded to the
|
|
directory major.minor corresponding to the appropriate release. Packages
|
|
for NetBSD with versions such as "1.5.1" should be uploaded to the "1.5"
|
|
directory, stripping the tiny number off the directory name. For packages
|
|
that need to be tightly coupled with the OS Version, such as LKM's, you
|
|
may create a major.minor.tiny release directory, and place those packages
|
|
therein.
|
|
|
|
|
|
###########################################################################
|
|
# Local Variables:
|
|
# mode: Text
|
|
# fill-column: 75
|
|
# sentence-end-double-space: nil
|
|
# End:
|