203 lines
8.3 KiB
XML
203 lines
8.3 KiB
XML
<!-- $NetBSD: getting.xml,v 1.29 2012/02/02 00:39:23 asau Exp $ -->
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<chapter id="getting">
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<title>Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date</title>
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<para>Before you download and extract the files, you need to decide
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where you want to extract them. When using pkgsrc as root user, pkgsrc
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is usually installed in <filename>/usr/pkgsrc</filename>. You are though
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free to install the sources and binary packages wherever you want in
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your filesystem, provided that the pathname does not contain white-space
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or other characters that are interpreted specially by the shell and some
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other programs. A safe bet is to use only letters, digits, underscores
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and dashes.</para>
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<sect1 id="getting-first">
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<title>Getting pkgsrc for the first time</title>
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<para>Before you download any pkgsrc files, you should decide
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whether you want the <emphasis>current</emphasis> branch or the
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<emphasis>stable</emphasis> branch. The latter is forked on a
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quarterly basis from the current branch and only gets modified
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for security updates. The names of the stable branches are built
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from the year and the quarter, for example
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<literal>2009Q1</literal>.</para>
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<para>The second step is to decide <emphasis>how</emphasis> you
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want to download pkgsrc. You can get it as a tar file or via CVS.
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Both ways are described here.</para>
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<sect2 id="getting-via-tar">
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<title>As tar file</title>
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<para>The primary download location for all pkgsrc files is
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<ulink url="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/"/>. There are a
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number of subdirectories for different purposes, which are
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described in detail in <xref linkend="ftp-layout"/>.</para>
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<para>The tar file for the current branch is in the directory
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<filename>current</filename> and is called <ulink
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url="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.gz"><filename>pkgsrc.tar.gz</filename></ulink>.
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It is autogenerated daily.</para>
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<para>The tar file for the stable branch 2009Q1 is in the
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directory <filename>pkgsrc-2009Q1</filename> and is also called <ulink
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url="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc-2009Q1/pkgsrc-2009Q1.tar.gz"><filename>pkgsrc-2009Q1.tar.gz</filename></ulink>.</para>
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<para>To download a pkgsrc stable tarball, run:</para>
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<screen>
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&uprompt; <userinput>ftp ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/<replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable>/<replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable>.tar.gz</userinput></screen>
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<para>Where <replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable> is the
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stable branch to be downloaded, for example,
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<quote>pkgsrc-2009Q1</quote>.</para>
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<!--
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<para>After downloading the tar file, change to the directory
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where you want to have pkgsrc. This is usually
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<filename>/usr</filename>. Then, run <command>gzcat
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pkgsrc.tar.gz | tar xf -</command> to extract the files.</para>
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-->
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<para>Then, extract it with:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>tar -xzf <replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable>.tar.gz -C /usr</userinput></screen>
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<para>This will create the directory <filename>pkgsrc/</filename>
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in <filename>/usr/</filename> and all the package source will be
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stored under <filename>/usr/pkgsrc/</filename>.</para>
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<para>To download pkgsrc-current, run:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>ftp ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.gz</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="getting-via-cvs">
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<title>Via anonymous CVS</title>
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<para>To fetch a specific pkgsrc stable branch, run:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>cd /usr && cvs -q -z3 -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -r <replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable> -P pkgsrc</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>Where <replaceable>pkgsrc-20xxQy</replaceable> is the stable
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branch to be checked out, for example, <quote>pkgsrc-2009Q1</quote></para>
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<para>This will create the directory <filename>pkgsrc/</filename>
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in your <filename>/usr/</filename> directory and all the package source
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will be stored under <filename>/usr/pkgsrc/</filename>.</para>
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<para>To fetch the pkgsrc current branch, run:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>cd /usr && cvs -q -z3 -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -P pkgsrc</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>Refer to the <ulink url="http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/">list of available mirrors</ulink> to choose a faster CVS mirror, if needed.</para>
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<!-- FIXME: All this CVS magic should move into appendix or so. -->
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<para>If you get error messages from <literal>rsh</literal>, you need to set CVS_RSH variable. E.g.:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>cd /usr && env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -q -z3 -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -P pkgsrc</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>Refer to documentation on your command shell how to set CVS_RSH=ssh permanently.
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For Bourne shells, you can set it in your <filename>.profile</filename>
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or better globally in <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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# set CVS remote shell command
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CVS_RSH=ssh
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export CVS_RSH
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</programlisting>
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<!-- FIXME: This should move into appendix or so. -->
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<para>By default, CVS doesn't do things like most people would expect it to do.
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But there is a way to convince CVS, by creating a file called <filename>.cvsrc</filename>
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in your home directory and saving the following lines to it.
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This file will save you lots of headache and some bug reports, so we strongly recommend it.
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You can find an explanation of this file in the CVS documentation.</para>
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<programlisting>
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# recommended CVS configuration file from the pkgsrc guide
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cvs -q -z3
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checkout -P
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update -dP
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diff -upN
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rdiff -u
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release -d
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</programlisting>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="uptodate">
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<title>Keeping pkgsrc up-to-date</title>
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<para>The preferred way to keep pkgsrc up-to-date is via CVS
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(which also works if you have first installed it via a tar
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file). It saves bandwidth and hard disk activity, compared to
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downloading the tar file again.</para>
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<sect2 id="uptodate-tar">
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<title>Via tar files</title>
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<warning><para>When updating from a tar file, you first need to
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completely remove the old pkgsrc directory. Otherwise those
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files that have been removed from pkgsrc in the mean time will
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not be removed on your local disk, resulting in inconsistencies.
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When removing the old files, any changes that you have done to
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the pkgsrc files will be lost after updating. Therefore updating
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via CVS is strongly recommended.</para></warning>
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<para>Note that by default the distfiles and the binary packages
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are saved in the pkgsrc tree, so don't forget to rescue them
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before updating. You can also configure pkgsrc to use other than
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the default directories by setting the
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<varname>DISTDIR</varname> and <varname>PACKAGES</varname>
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variables. See <xref linkend="configuring"/> for the details.</para>
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<para>To update pkgsrc from a tar file, download the tar file as
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explained above. Then, make sure that you have not made any
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changes to the files in the pkgsrc directory. Remove the pkgsrc
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directory and extract the new tar file. Done.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="uptodate-cvs">
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<title>Via CVS</title>
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<para>To update pkgsrc via CVS, change to the <filename>pkgsrc</filename> directory and run cvs:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>cd /usr/pkgsrc && cvs update -dP</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>If you get error messages from <literal>rsh</literal>, you need to set CVS_RSH variable as described above. E.g.:</para>
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<screen>&uprompt; <userinput>cd /usr/pkgsrc && env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs up -dP</userinput>
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</screen>
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<sect3 id="uptodate-cvs-switch">
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<title>Switching between different pkgsrc branches</title>
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<para>When updating pkgsrc, the CVS program keeps track of the
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branch you selected. But if you, for whatever reason, want to
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switch from the stable branch to the current one, you can do it
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by adding the option <quote>-A</quote> after the
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<quote>update</quote> keyword. To switch from the current branch
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back to the stable branch, add the
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<quote>-rpkgsrc-2009Q3</quote> option.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="uptodate-cvs-changes">
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<title>What happens to my changes when updating?</title>
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<para>When you update pkgsrc, the CVS program will only touch
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those files that are registered in the CVS repository. That
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means that any packages that you created on your own will stay
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unmodified. If you change files that are managed by CVS, later
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updates will try to merge your changes with those that have been
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done by others. See the CVS manual, chapter
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<quote>update</quote> for details.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
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