===============
 SyncEvolution
===============

------------------------------------------------
synchronize personal information management data
------------------------------------------------

:Manual section: 1
:Version: 1.0
:Date: Apr 28, 2010

SYNOPSIS
========

List databases:
  syncevolution --print-databases [<properties>] [<config> <source>]

Show information about configuration(s):
  syncevolution --print-servers|--print-configs|--print-peers

Show information about a specific configuration:
  syncevolution --print-config [--quiet] [--] <config> [main|<source> ...]

List sessions:
  syncevolution --print-sessions [--quiet] [--] <config>

Show information about SyncEvolution:
  syncevolution --help|-h|--version

Run a synchronization as configured:
  syncevolution <config> [<source> ...]

Run a synchronization with properties changed just for this run:
  syncevolution --run <options for run> [--] <config> [<source> ...]

Restore data from the automatic backups:
  syncevolution --restore <session directory> --before|--after [--dry-run] [--] <config> <source> ...

Create, update or remove a configuration:
  syncevolution --configure <options> [--] <config> [<source> ...]

  syncevolution --remove|--migrate <options> [--] <config>

List items:
  syncevolution --print-items [--] [<config> [<source>]]

Export item(s):
  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>] --export <dir>|<file>|- [--] [<config> [<source> [<luid> ...]]]
                                                                --luids <luid> ...

Add item(s):
  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>|none] --import <dir>|<file>|- [--] [<config> [<source>]]
                                                                     --luids <luid> ...

Update item(s):
  syncevolution --update <dir> [--] <config> <source>

  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>|none] --update <file>|- [--] <config> <source> <luid> ...
                                                               --luids <luid> ...


Remove item(s):
  syncevolution --delete-items [--] <config> <source> (<luid> ... | '*')


DESCRIPTION
===========

This text explains the usage of the SyncEvolution command line.

SyncEvolution synchronizes personal information management (PIM) data
such as contacts, appointments, tasks and memos using the Synthesis
sync engine, which provides support for the SyncML synchronization
protocol.

SyncEvolution synchronizes with SyncML servers over HTTP and with
SyncML capable phones locally over Bluetooth (new in 1.0). Plugins
provide access to the data which is to be synchronized. Binaries are
available for Linux desktops (synchronizing data in GNOME Evolution,
with KDE supported indirectly already and Akonadi support in
development), for MeeGo (formerly Moblin) and for Maemo 5/Nokia
N900. The source code can be compiled for Unix-like systems and
provides a framework to build custom SyncML clients or servers.

TERMINOLOGY
===========

peer
  A peer is the entity that data is synchronized with. This can be
  another device (like a phone), a server (like Google) or
  even the host itself (useful for synchronizing two different
  databases).

host
  The device or computer that SyncEvolution runs on.

database
  Each peer has one or more databases that get synchronized (Google Calendar,
  Google Contacts). Conceptually a database is a set of items where each
  item is independent of the others.

data source
  A name for something that provides access to data. Primarily used for
  the configuration which combines backend and database settings, sometimes
  also instead of these two terms.

local/remote
  Synchronization always happens between a pair of databases and thus
  has two sides. One database or side of a sync is remote (the one
  of the peer) or local (SyncEvolution). For the sake of consistency (and
  lack of better terms), these terms are used even if the peer is another
  instance of SyncEvolution and/or all data resides on the same storage.

sync config
  A sync configuration defines how to access a peer: the protocol
  which is to be used, how to find the peer, credentials, etc. Peers
  might support more than one protocol, in which case multiple
  sync configs have to be created.

  Sync configs can be used to initiate a sync (like contacting a
  SyncML server) or to handle an incoming sync request (when acting
  as SyncML server which is contacted by the peer).

source config
  Each data source corresponds to a local database. A source config
  defines how to access that database, like a sync config does for
  peers. This information about a local database is independent
  of the peers that the database might be synchronized with.

  Sync configs use these shared source configs and add additional,
  per-peer settings to each of them that define how that local
  database maps to a remote database in the peer. By default a source
  config is inactive inside a sync config and thus ignored. It must be
  activated by setting the unshared `sync` property to something other
  than `none` (aka `disabled`).

  In SyncEvolution's predefined configuration templates, the following
  names for sources are used. Different names can be chosen for sources
  that are defined manually.

  * addressbook: a list of contacts
  * calendar: calendar *events*
  * memo: plain text notes
  * todo: task list
  * calendar+todo: a virtual source combining one local "calendar" and
    one "todo" source (required for synchronizing with some phones)

backend
  Access to databases is provided by SyncEvolution backends. It does
  not matter where that data is stored. Some backends provide access
  to data outside of the host itself (`CalDAV and CardDAV`_, ActiveSync).

configuration property
  Sync and source configs contain configuration properties. Each
  property is a name/value pair. Sync properties are used in sync configs,
  source properties in source configs. The names were chosen so that
  they are unique, i.e., no sync property has the same name as a source
  property.

  A property can be *unshared* (has separate values for each peer, therefore
  sometimes also called *per-peer*; for example the `uri` property which
  defines the remote database), *shared* (same value for all peers; for
  example the `database` property for selecting the local database) or
  *global* (exactly one value).

context
  Sync and source configs are defined inside a configuration context.
  Typically each context represents a certain set of sources. The values
  of shared properties are only shared inside their context. That way
  it is possible to define a second `work` context with a `work calendar`
  source using one database and use the implicit `default` context for
  a private `calendar` source with a different database.

context config
  The shared and global properties of a certain context.

configuration template
  Templates define the settings for specific peers. Some templates
  are packaged together with SyncEvolution, others may be added by
  packagers or users. Settings from templates are copied once into
  the sync config when creating it. There is no permanent link back
  to the template, so updating a template has no effect on configs
  created from it earlier.

  A template only contains unshared properties. Therefore it is
  possible to first set shared properties (for example, choosing
  which databases to synchronize in the default context), then
  add sync configs for different peers to that context without
  reseting the existing settings.

local sync
  Traditionally, a sync config specifies SyncML as the synchronization
  protocol. The peer must support SyncML for this to work. When the
  peer acts as SyncML server, conflict resolution happens on the
  peer, outside of the control of SyncEvolution.

  In a so called `local sync`_, SyncEvolution connects two of its own
  backends and runs all of the synchronization logic itself on the host.

target config
  In addition to the normal sync config, a local sync also uses a target
  config. This target config is a special kind of sync config. It defines
  sync properties that are necessary to access databases on the other
  side of the local sync. Sync configs can have arbitrary names while
  a target config must be named `target-config`.


COMMAND LINE CONVENTIONS
========================

The ``<config>`` and the ``<source>`` strings in the command line synopsis are
used to find the sync resp. source configs. Depending on which
other parameters are given, different operations are executed.

A config name has the format ``[<peer>][@<context>]``. When the context
is not specified explicitly, SyncEvolution first searches for an
existing configuration with the given name. If not found, it uses the
``@default`` context as fallback. Thus the empty config name is an alias
for ``@default``.

The ``<peer>`` part identifies a specific sync or target config inside
the context. It is optional and does not have to be specified when not
needed, for example when configuring the shared settings of sources
(``--configure @default addressbook``) or accessing items inside a
source (``--print-items @work calendar``).

Listing sources on the command line limits the operation to those
sources (called *active sources* below). If not given, all sources
defined for the config are active. Some operations require
the name of exactly one source.

Properties are set with key/value assignments and/or the
``--sync/source-property`` keywords. Those keywords are only needed for
the hypothetical situation that a sync and source property share the
same name (not normally the case). Without them, SyncEvolution
automatically identifies which kind of property is meant based on the
name.

A ``<property>`` assignment has the following format::

  [<source>/]<name>[@<context>|@<peer>@<context>]=<value>

The optional ``<context>`` or ``<peer>@<context>`` suffix limits the scope
of the value to that particular configuration. This is useful when
running a local sync, which involves a sync and a target
configuration. For example, the log level can be specified separately
for both sides::

  --run loglevel@default=1 loglevel@google-calendar=4 google-calendar@default

A string without a second @ sign inside is always interpreted as a
context name, so in contrast to the ``<config>`` string, ``foo`` cannot be
used to reference the ``foo@default`` configuration. Use the full name
including the context for that.

When no config or context is specified explicitly, a value is
changed in all active configs, typically the one given with
``<config>``.  The priority of multiple values for the same config
is `more specific definition wins`, so ``<peer>@<context>``
overrides ``@<context>``, which overrides `no suffix given`.
Specifying some suffix which does not apply to the current operation
does not trigger an error, so beware of typos.

Source properties can be specified with a ``<source>/`` prefix. This
allows limiting the value to the selected source. For example::

  --configure "addressbook/database=My Addressbook" \
              "calendar/database=My Calendar" \
              @default addressbook calendar

Another way to achieve the same effect is to run the ``--configure``
operation twice, once for ``addressbook`` and once for ``calendar``::

  --configure "database=My Addressbook" @default addressbook
  --configure "calendar/database=My Calendar" @default calendar

If the same property is set both with and without a ``<source>/`` prefix,
then the more specific value with that prefix is used for that source,
regardless of the order on the command line. The following command
enables all sources except for the addressbook::

    --configure --source-property addressbook/sync=none \
                --source-property sync=two-way \
                <sync config>


USAGE
=====

::

   syncevolution --print-databases [<properties>] [<config> <source>]

If no additional arguments are given, then SyncEvolution will list all
available backends and the databases that can be accessed through each
backend. This works without existing configurations. However, some
backends, like for example the CalDAV backend, need additional
information (like credentials or URL of a remote server). This
additional information can be provided on the command line with
property assignments (``username=...``) or in an existing configuration.

When listing all databases of all active sources, the output starts
with a heading that lists the values for the ``backend`` property which
select the backend, followed by the databases.  Each database has a
name and a unique ID (in brackets). Typically both can be used as
value of the 'database' property. One database might be marked as
``default``. It will be used when ``database`` is not set explicitly.

When selecting an existing source configuration or specifying the ``backend``
property on the command line, only the databases for that backend
are listed and the initial line shows how that backend was selected
(<config>/<source> resp. backend value).

Some backends do not support listing of databases. For example, the
file backend synchronizes directories with one file per item and
always needs an explicit ``database`` property because it cannot guess
which directory it is meant to use. ::

   syncevolution <config>

Without the optional list of sources, all sources which are enabled in
their configuration file are synchronized. ::

   syncevolution <config> <source> ...

Otherwise only the ones mentioned on the command line are active. It
is possible to configure sources without activating their
synchronization: if the synchronization mode of a source is set to
`disabled`, the source will be ignored. Explicitly listing such a
source will synchronize it in `two-way` mode once.

Progress and error messages are written into a log file that is
preserved for each synchronization run. Details about that is found in
the `Automatic Backups and Logging` section below. All errors and
warnings are printed directly to the console in addition to writing
them into the log file. Before quitting SyncEvolution will print a
summary of how the local data was modified.  This is done with the
`synccompare` utility script described in the `Exchanging Data`_
section.

When the ``logdir`` property is enabled (since v0.9 done by default for
new configurations), then the same comparison is also done before the
synchronization starts.

In case of a severe error the synchronization run is aborted
prematurely and SyncEvolution will return a non-zero value. Recovery
from failed synchronization is done by forcing a full synchronization
during the next run, i.e. by sending all items and letting the SyncML
server compare against the ones it already knows. This is avoided
whenever possible because matching items during a slow synchronization
can lead to duplicate entries.

After a successful synchronization the server's configuration file is
updated so that the next run can be done incrementally.  If the
configuration file has to be recreated e.g. because it was lost, the
next run recovers from that by doing a full synchronization. The risk
associated with this is that the server might not recognize items that
it already has stored previously which then would lead to duplication
of items. ::

   syncevolution --configure <options for configuration> <config> [<source> ...]

Options in the configuration can be modified via the command
line. Source properties are changed for all sources unless sources are
listed explicitly.  Some source properties have to be different for
each source, in which case syncevolution must be called multiple times
with one source listed in each invocation. ::

   syncevolution --remove <config>

Deletes the configuration. If the <config> refers to a specific
peer, only that peer's configuration is removed. If it refers to
a context, that context and all peers inside it are removed.

Note that there is no confirmation question. Neither local data
referenced by the configuration nor the content of log dirs are
deleted. ::

   syncevolution --run <options for run> <config> [<source> ...]

Options can also be overridden for just the current run, without
changing the configuration. In order to prevent accidentally running a
sync session when a configuration change was intended, either
--configure or --run must be given explicitly if options are specified
on the command line. ::

   syncevolution --status <config> [<source> ...]

Prints what changes were made locally since the last synchronization.
Depends on access to database dumps from the last run, so enabling the
``logdir`` property is recommended. ::

   syncevolution --print-servers|--print-configs|--print-peers
   syncevolution --print-config [--quiet] <config> [main|<source> ...]
   syncevolution --print-sessions [--quiet] <config>

These commands print information about existing configurations. When
printing a configuration a short version without comments can be
selected with --quiet. When sources are listed, only their
configuration is shown. `Main` instead or in combination with sources
lists only the main peer configuration. ::

   syncevolution --restore <session directory> --before|--after
                 [--dry-run] <config> <source> ...

This restores local data from the backups made before or after a
synchronization session. The --print-sessions command can be used to
find these backups. The source(s) have to be listed explicitly. There
is intentionally no default, because as with --remove there is no
confirmation question. With --dry-run, the restore is only simulated.

The session directory has to be specified explicitly with its path
name (absolute or relative to current directory). It does not have to
be one of the currently active log directories, as long as it contains
the right database dumps for the selected sources.

A restore tries to minimize the number of item changes (see section
`Item Changes and Data Changes`_). This means that items that are
identical before and after the change will not be transmitted anew to
the peer during the next synchronization. If the peer somehow
needs to get a clean copy of all local items, then use ``--sync
refresh-from-local`` in the next run. ::

  syncevolution --print-items <config> <source>
  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>] --export <dir>|<file>|- [<config> [<source> [<luid> ...]]]
  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>|none] --import <dir>|<file>|- [<config> <source>]
  syncevolution --update <dir> <config> <source>
  syncevolution [--delimiter <string>|none] --update <file>|- <config> <source> <luid> ...
  syncevolution --delete-items <config> <source> (<luid> ... | *)

Restore depends on the specific format of the automatic backups
created by SyncEvolution. Arbitrary access to item data is provided
with additional options. <luid> here is the unique local identifier
assigned to each item in the source, transformed so that it contains
only alphanumeric characters, dash and underscore. A star * in
--delete-items selects all items for deletion. There are two ways
of specifying luids: either as additional parameters after the
config and source parameters (which may be empty in this case, but
must be given) or after the ``--luids`` keyword.

<config> and <source> may be given to define the database which is to
be used. If not given or not refering to an existing configuration
(which is not an error, due to historic reasons), the desired backend
must be given via the ``backend`` property, like this::

  syncevolution --print-items backend=evolution-contacts
  syncevolution --export - backend=evolution-contacts \
                --luids pas-id-4E33F24300000006 pas-id-4E36DD7B00000007

The desired backend database can be chosen via ``database=<identifier>``.
See ``--print-databases``.

OPTIONS
=======

Here is a full description of all <options> that can be put in front
of the server name. Whenever an option accepts multiple values, a
question mark can be used to get the corresponding help text and/or
a list of valid values.

--sync|-s <mode>|?
  Temporarily synchronize the active sources in that mode. Useful
  for a `refresh-from-local` or `refresh-from-remote` sync which
  clears all data at one end and copies all items from the other.

  **Warning:** `local` is the data accessed via the sync config
  directly and `remote` is the data on the peer, regardless
  where the data is actually stored physically.

--print-servers|--print-configs|--print-peers
  Prints the names of all configured peers to stdout. There is no
  difference between these options, the are just aliases.

--print-servers|--print-configs|--print-peers|-p
  Prints the complete configuration for the selected <config>
  to stdout, including up-to-date comments for all properties. The
  format is the normal .ini format with source configurations in
  different sections introduced with [<source>] lines. Can be combined
  with --sync-property and --source-property to modify the configuration
  on-the-fly. When one or more sources are listed after the <config>
  name on the command line, then only the configs of those sources are
  printed. `main` selects the main configuration instead of source
  configurations. Using --quiet suppresses the comments for each property.
  When setting a --template, then the reference configuration for
  that peer is printed instead of an existing configuration.

\--print-sessions
  Prints information about previous synchronization sessions for the
  selected peer or context are printed. This depends on the ``logdir``
  property.  The information includes the log directory name (useful for
  --restore) and the synchronization report. In combination with
  --quiet, only the paths are listed.

--configure|-c
  Modify the configuration files for the selected peer and/or sources.

  If no such configuration exists, then a new one is created using one
  of the template configurations (see --template option). Choosing a
  template sets most of the relevant properties for the peer and the
  default set of sources (see above for a list of those). Anything
  specific to the user (like username/password) still has to be set
  manually.

  When creating a new configuration and listing sources explicitly on the
  command line, only those sources will be set to active in the new
  configuration, i.e. `syncevolution -c memotoo addressbook`
  followed by `syncevolution memotoo` will only synchronize the
  address book. The other sources are created in a disabled state.
  When modifying an existing configuration and sources are specified,
  then the source properties of only those sources are modified.

  By default, creating a config requires a template. Source names on the
  command line must match those in the template. This allows catching
  typos in the peer and source names. But it also prevents some advanced
  use cases. Therefore it is possible to disable these checks in two ways::

    - use `--template none` or
    - specify all required sync and source properties that are normally
      in the templates on the command line (syncURL, backend, ...)

--run|-r
  To prevent accidental sync runs when a configuration change was
  intended, but the `--configure` option was not used, `--run` must be
  specified explicitly when sync or source properties are selected
  on the command line and they are meant to be used during a sync
  session triggered by the invocation.

\--migrate
  In older SyncEvolution releases a different layout of configuration files
  was used. Using --migrate will automatically migrate to the new
  layout and rename the <config> into <config>.old to prevent accidental use
  of the old configuration. WARNING: old SyncEvolution releases cannot
  use the new configuration!

  The switch can also be used to migrate a configuration in the current
  configuration directory: this preserves all property values, discards
  obsolete properties and sets all comments exactly as if the configuration
  had been created from scratch. WARNING: custom comments in the
  configuration are not preserved.

  --migrate implies --configure and can be combined with modifying
  properties.

\--print-items
  Shows all existing items using one line per item using
  the format "<luid>[: <short description>]". Whether the description
  is available depends on the backend and the kind of data that it
  stores.

\--export
  Writes all items in the source or all items whose <luid> is
  given into a directory if the --export parameter exists and is a
  directory. The <luid> of each item is used as file name. Otherwise it
  creates a new file under that name and writes the selected items
  separated by the chosen delimiter string. stdout can be selected with
  a dash.

  The default delimiter (two line breaks) matches a blank line. As a special
  case, it also matches a blank line with DOS line ending (line break,
  carriage return, line break). This works for vCard 3.0 and iCalendar 2.0,
  which never contain blank lines.

  When exporting, the default delimiter will always insert two line
  breaks regardless whether the items contain DOS line ends. As a
  special case, the initial newline of a delimiter is skipped if the
  item already ends in a newline.

\--import
  Adds all items found in the directory or input file to the
  source.  When reading from a directory, each file is treated as one
  item. Otherwise the input is split at the chosen delimiter. "none" as
  delimiter disables splitting of the input.

\--update
  Overwrites the content of existing items. When updating from a
  directory, the name of each file is taken as its luid. When updating
  from file or stdin, the number of luids given on the command line
  must match with the number of items in the input.

\--delete-items
  Removes the specified items from the source. Most backends print
  some progress information about this, but besides that, no further
  output is produced. Trying to remove an item which does not exist
  typically leads to an ERROR message, but is not reflected in a
  non-zero result of the command line invocation itself because the
  situation is not reported as an error by backends (removal of
  non-existent items is not an error in SyncML). Use a star \* instead
  or in addition to listing individual luids to delete all items.

--sync-property|-y <property>=<value>|<property>=?|?
  Overrides a source-independent configuration property for the
  current synchronization run or permanently when --configure is used
  to update the configuration. Can be used multiple times.  Specifying
  an unused property will trigger an error message.

--source-property|-z <property>=<value>|<property>=?|?
  Same as --sync-property, but applies to the configuration of all active
  sources. `--sync <mode>` is a shortcut for `--source-property sync=<mode>`.

--template|-l <peer name>|default|?<device>
  Can be used to select from one of the built-in default configurations
  for known SyncML peers. Defaults to the <config> name, so --template
  only has to be specified when creating multiple different configurations
  for the same peer, or when using a template that is named differently
  than the peer. `default` is an alias for `memotoo` and can be
  used as the starting point for servers which do not have a built-in
  template.

  A pseudo-random device ID is generated automatically. Therefore setting
  the `deviceId` sync property is only necessary when manually recreating a
  configuration or when a more descriptive name is desired.

  The available templates for different known SyncML servers are listed when
  using a single question mark instead of template name. When using the
  `?<device>` format, a fuzzy search for a template that might be
  suitable for talking to such a device is done. The matching works best
  when using `<device> = <Manufacturer> <Model>`. If you don't know the
  manufacturer, you can just keep it as empty. The output in this mode
  gives the template name followed by a short description and a rating how well
  the template matches the device (100% is best).

--status|-t
  The changes made to local data since the last synchronization are
  shown without starting a new one. This can be used to see in advance
  whether the local data needs to be synchronized with the server.

--quiet|-q
  Suppresses most of the normal output during a synchronization. The
  log file still contains all the information.

--keyring[=<value>]|-k
  A legacy option, now the same as setting the global keyring sync property.
  When not specifying a value explicitly, "true" for "use some kind of
  keyring" is implied. See "--sync-property keyring" for details.

--daemon[=yes/no]
  By default, the SyncEvolution command line is executed inside the
  syncevo-dbus-server process. This ensures that synchronization sessions
  started by the command line do not conflict with sessions started
  via some other means (GUI, automatically). For debugging purposes
  or very special use cases (running a local sync against a server which
  executes inside the daemon) it is possible to execute the operation
  without the daemon (--daemon=no).

--help|-h
  Prints usage information.

\--version
  Prints the SyncEvolution version.


CONFIGURATION PROPERTIES
========================

This section lists predefined properties. Backends can add their own
properties at runtime if none of the predefined properties are
suitable for a certain setting. Those additional properties are not
listed here. Use ``--sync/source-property ?`` to get an up-to-date
list.

The predefined properties may also be interpreted slightly differently
by each backend and sync protocol. Sometimes this is documented in the
comment for each property, sometimes in the documentation of the
backend or sync protocol.

Properties are listed together with all recognized aliases (in those
cases where a property was renamed at some point), its default value,
sharing state (unshared/shared/global). Some properties must be
defined, which is marked with the word `required`.

Sync properties
---------------
<< see "syncevolution --sync-property ?" >>

Source properties
-----------------
<< see "syncevolution --source-property ?" >>


EXAMPLES
========

List the known configuration templates::

   syncevolution --template ?

Create a new configuration, using the existing Memotoo template::

  syncevolution --configure \
                username=123456 \
                "password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                memotoo

Note that putting passwords into the command line, even for
short-lived processes as the one above, is a security risk in shared
environments, because the password is visible to everyone on the
machine. To avoid this, remove the password from the command above,
then add the password to the right config.ini file with a text editor.
This command shows the directory containing the file::

   syncevolution --print-configs

Review configuration::

   syncevolution --print-config memotoo

Synchronize all sources::

  syncevolution memotoo

Deactivate all sources::

  syncevolution --configure \
                sync=none \
                memotoo

Activate address book synchronization again, using the --sync shortcut::

  syncevolution --configure \
                --sync two-way \
                memotoo addressbook

Change the password for a configuration::

  syncevolution --configure \
                password=foo \
                memotoo

Set up another configuration for under a different account, using
the same default databases as above::

  syncevolution --configure \
                username=joe \
                password=foo \
                --template memotoo \
                memotoo_joe

Set up another configuration using the same account, but different
local databases (can be used to simulate synchronizing between two
clients, see `Exchanging Data`_::

  syncevolution --configure \
                username=123456 \
                password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                sync=none \
                memotoo@other
  
  syncevolution --configure \
                --source-property database=<name of other address book> \
                @other addressbook

  syncevolution --configure \
                sync=two-way \
                memotoo@other addressbook

  syncevolution memotoo 
  syncevolution memotoo@other

Migrate a configuration from the <= 0.7 format to the current one
and/or updates the configuration so that it looks like configurations
created anew with the current syncevolution::

  syncevolution --migrate memotoo


.. _local sync:

Synchronization beyond SyncML
=============================

In the simple examples above, SyncEvolution exchanges data with
servers via the SyncML protocol. Starting with release 1.2,
SyncEvolution also supports other protocols like CalDAV and
CardDAV.

These protocols are implemented in backends which look like data
sources. SyncEvolution then synchronizes data between a pair of
backends. Because the entire sync logic (matching of items, merging)
is done locally by SyncEvolution, this mode of operation is called
*local sync*.

Some examples of things that can be done with local sync:

* synchronize events with a CalDAV server and contacts with a CardDAV server
* mirror a local database as items in a directory, with format conversion
  and one-way or two-way data transfer (export vs. true syncing)

Because local sync involves two sides, two configurations are
needed. One is called the *target config*. By convention it must be
called ``target-config@<some context name>``, for example
``target-config@google-calendar``. The target config holds properties
which apply to all sources inside that context, like user name, 
password and URL for the server. Once configured, the target config
can be used to list/import/export/update items via the SyncEvolution
command line. It cannot be used for synchronization because it does
not defined what the items are supposed to be synchronized with.

For synchronization, a second *sync config* is needed. This config has
the same role as the traditional SyncML configs and is typically
defined in the same implicit ``@default`` context as those
configs. All configs in that context use the same local data. The sync
config defines the database pairs and the sync mode (one-way, two-way, ...).

The first step is to select a target config with
``syncURL=local://@<some context name>``. Multiple sync configs can
access the same target config. In the second step, the ``uri`` of each
source in the sync config must be set to the name of the corresponding
source in the target config.  The ``sync`` property in the sync config
defines the direction of the data flow. It can be set temporarily when
starting a synchronzation with the sync config.

  **Warning:** because the client in the local sync starts the sync,
  ``preventSlowSync=0`` must be set in the target config to have an effect.


CalDAV and CardDAV
==================

This section explains how to use local syncing for CalDAV and
CardDAV. Both protocols are based on WebDAV and are provided by the
same backend. They share ``username/password/syncURL`` properties
defined in their target config.

The credentials must be provided if the server is password
protected. The ``syncURL`` is optional if the ``username`` is an email
address and the server supports auto-discovery of its CalDAV and/or
CardDAV services (using DNS SRV entries, ``.well-known`` URIs, properties
of the current principal, ...).

Alternatively, credentials can also be set in the ``databaseUser`` and
``databasePassword`` properties of the source. The downside is that these
values have to be set for each source and cannot be shared. The advantage
is that, in combination with setting ``database``, such sources can be
used as part of a normal SyncML server or client sync config. SyncEvolution
then reads and writes data directly from the server and exchanges it
via SyncML with the peer that is defined in the sync config.

The ``database`` property of each source can be set to the URL of a
specific *collection* (= database in WebDAV terminology). If not set,
then the WebDAV backend first locates the server based on ``username``
or ``syncURL`` and then scans it for the default event resp. contact
collection. This is done once in the initial synchronization. At the end
of a successful synchroniation, the automatic choice is made permanent
by setting the ``database`` property.

  **Warning:** the protocols do not uniquely identify this default
  collection. The backend tries to make an educated guess, but it might
  pick the wrong one if the server provides more than one address book
  or calendar. It is safer to scan for collections manually with
  ``--print-databases`` and then use the URL of the desired collection
  as value of ``database``.

To scan for collections, use::

   syncevolution --print-databases \
                 backend=<caldav or carddav> \
                 username=<email address or user name> \
                 "password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                 syncURL=<base URL of server, if auto-discovery is not supported>

Configuration templates for Google Calendar, Yahoo Calendar and a
generic CalDAV/CardDAV server are included in SyncEvolution. The Yahoo
template also contains an entry for contact synchronization, but using
it is not recommended due to known server-side issues.

The following commands set up synchronization with a generic WebDAV
server that supports CalDAV, CardDAV and auto-discovery. For Google and Yahoo,
replace ``webdav`` with ``google-calendar`` resp. ``yahoo`` and remove the
``addressbook`` source when setting up the sync config. ::

   # configure target config
   syncevolution --configure \
                --template webdav \
                username=123456@example.com \
                "password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                target-config@webdav

   # configure sync config
   syncevolution --configure \
                 --template SyncEvolution_Client \
                 syncURL=local://@webdav \
                 username= \
                 password= \
                 webdav \
                 calendar addressbook

   # initial slow sync
   syncevolution --sync slow webdav

   # incremental sync
   syncevolution webdav

Here are some alternative ways of configuring the target config::

   # A) Server has one URL as starting point instead of DNS auto-discovery.
   syncevolution --configure \
                --template webdav \
                username=123456 \
                "password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                syncURL=http://example.com \
                target-config@webdav

   # B) Explicitly specify collections (from server documentation or --print-databases).
   #    The 'calendar' and 'addressbook' names are the ones expected by the sync config
   #    above, additional sources can also be configured and/or the names can be changed.
   syncevolution --configure \
                username=123456 \
                "password=!@#ABcd1234" \
                addressbook/backend=carddav \
                addressbook/database=http://example.com/addressbooks/123456/ \
                calendar/backend=caldav \
                calendar/database=http://example.com/calendar/123456/ \
                target-config@webdav \
                calendar addressbook

Finally, here is how the ``@webdav`` context needs to be configured so that SyncML
clients or servers can be added to it::

   # configure sources
   syncevolution --configure \
                databaseUser=123456 \
                "databasePassword=!@#ABcd1234" \
                addressbook/backend=carddav \
                addressbook/database=http://example.com/addressbooks/123456/ \
                calendar/backend=caldav \
                calendar/database=http://example.com/calendar/123456/ \
                @webdav \
                calendar addressbook

   # configure one peer (Memotoo in this example):
   syncevolution --configure \
                 username=654321 \
                 password=^749@2524 \
                 memotoo@webdav

   # sync
   syncevolution --sync slow memotoo@webdav


NOTES
=====

Exchanging Data
---------------

SyncEvolution transmits address book entries as vCard 2.1 or 3.0
depending on the sync format chosen in the configuration. Evolution uses
3.0 internally, so SyncEvolution converts between the two formats as
needed. Calendar items and tasks can be sent and received in iCalendar
2.0 as well as vCalendar 1.0, but vCalendar 1.0 should be avoided if
possible because it cannot represent all data that Evolution stores.

.. note:: The Evolution backends are mentioned as examples;
   the same applies to other data sources.

How the server stores the items depends on its implementation and
configuration. To check which data is preserved, one can use this
procedure (described for contacts, but works the same way for
calendars and tasks):

1. synchronize the address book with the server
2. create a new address book in Evolution and view it in Evolution
   once (the second step is necessary in at least Evolution 2.0.4
   to make the new address book usable in SyncEvolution)
3. add a configuration for that second address book and the
   same URI on the SyncML server, see EXAMPLES_ above
4. synchronize again, this time using the other data source

Now one can either compare the address books in Evolution or do that
automatically, described here for contacts:

- save the complete address books: mark all entries, save as vCard
- invoke `synccompare` with two file names as arguments and it will
  normalize and compare them automatically

Normalizing is necessary because the order of cards and their
properties as well as other minor formatting aspects may be
different. The output comes from a side-by-side comparison, but
is augmented by the script so that the context of each change
is always the complete item that was modified. Lines or items
following a ">" on the right side were added, those on the
left side followed by a "<" were removed, and those with
a "|" between text on the left and right side were modified.

The automatic unit testing (see HACKING) contains a `testItems`
test which verifies the copying of special entries using the
same method.

Modifying one of the address books or even both at the same time and
then synchronizing back and forth can be used to verify that
SyncEvolution works as expected. If you do not trust SyncEvolution or
the server, then it is prudent to run these checks with a copy of the
original address book. Make a backup of the .evolution/addressbook
directory.

Item Changes and Data Changes
-----------------------------

SyncML clients and servers consider each entry in a database as one
item. Items can be added, removed or updated. This is the item change
information that client and server exchange during a normal,
incremental synchronization.

If an item is saved, removed locally, and reimported, then this is
usually reported to a peer as "one item removed, one added" because
the information available to SyncEvolution is not sufficient to
determine that this is in fact the same item. One exception are
iCalendar 2.0 items with their globally unique ID: the modification
above will be reported to the server as "one item updated".

That is better, but still not quite correct because the content of the
item has not changed, only the meta information about it which is used
to detect changes. This cannot be avoided without creating additional
overhead for normal synchronizations.

SyncEvolution reports *item changes* (the number of added, removed and
updated items) as well as *data changes*. These data changes are
calculated by comparing database dumps using the `synccompare` tool.
Because this data comparison ignores information about which data
belongs to which item, it is able to detect that re-adding an item
that was removed earlier does not change the data, in contrast to the
item changes. On the other hand, removing one item and adding a
different one may look like updating just one item.

Automatic Backups and Logging
-----------------------------

To support recovery from a synchronization which damaged the
local data or modified it in an unexpected way, SyncEvolution
can create the following files during a synchronization:

- a dump of the data in a format which can be restored by
  SyncEvolution, usually a single file per item containing
  in a standard text format (VCARD/VCALENDAR)
- a full log file with debug information
- another dump of the data after the synchronization for
  automatic comparison of the before/after state with
  `synccompare`

If the sync configuration property ``logdir`` is set, then
a new directory will be created for each synchronization
in that directory, using the format `<peer>-<yyyy>-<mm>-<dd>-<hh>-<mm>[-<seq>]`
with the various fields filled in with the time when the
synchronization started. The sequence suffix will only be
used when necessary to make the name unique. By default,
SyncEvolution will never delete any data in that log
directory unless explicitly asked to keep only a limited
number of previous log directories.

This is done by setting the ``maxlogdirs`` limit to something
different than the empty string and 0. If a limit is set,
then SyncEvolution will only keep that many log directories
and start removing the "less interesting" ones when it reaches
the limit. Less interesting are those where no data changed
and no error occurred.

To avoid writing any additional log file or database dumps during
a synchronization, the ``logdir`` can be set to ``none``. To reduce
the verbosity of the log, set ``loglevel``. If not set or 0, then
the verbosity is set to 3 = DEBUG when writing to a log file and
2 = INFO when writing to the console directly. To debug issues
involving data conversion, level 4 also dumps the content of
items into the log.

ENVIRONMENT
===========

The following environment variables control where SyncEvolution finds
files and other aspects of its operations.

http_proxy
   Overrides the proxy settings temporarily. Setting it to an empty value
   disables the normal proxy settings.

HOME/XDG_CACHE_HOME/XDG_CONFIG_HOME
   SyncEvolution follows the XDG_ desktop standard for its files. By default,
   `$HOME/.config/syncevolution` is the location for configuration files.
   `$HOME/.cache/syncevolution` holds session directories with log files and
   database dumps.

.. _XDG: http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

SYNCEVOLUTION_DEBUG
   Setting this to any value disables the filtering of stdout and stderr
   that SyncEvolution employs to keep noise from system libraries out
   of the command line output.

SYNCEVOLUTION_GNUTLS_DEBUG
   Enables additional debugging output when using the libsoup HTTP transport library.

SYNCEVOLUTION_DATA_DIR
   Overrides the default path to the bluetooth device lookup table,
   normally `/usr/lib/syncevolution/`.

SYNCEVOLUTION_BACKEND_DIR
   Overrides the default path to plugins, normally `/usr/lib/syncevolution/backends`.

SYNCEVOLUTION_LIBEXEC_DIR
   Overrides the path where additional helper executables are found, normally
   `/usr/libexec`.

SYNCEVOLUTION_TEMPLATE_DIR
   Overrides the default path to template files, normally
   `/usr/share/syncevolution/templates`.

SYNCEVOLUTION_XML_CONFIG_DIR
   Overrides the default path to the Synthesis XML configuration files, normally
   `/usr/share/syncevolution/xml`. These files are merged into one configuration
   each time the Synthesis SyncML engine is started as part of a sync session.

   Note that in addition to this directory, SyncEvolution also always
   searches for configuration files inside `$HOME/.config/syncevolution-xml`.
   Files with the same relative path and name as in `/usr/share/syncevolution/xml`
   override those files, others extend the final configuration.

BUGS
====

See `known issues`_ and the `support`_ web page for more information. 

.. _known issues: http://syncevolution.org/documentation/known-issues
.. _support: http://syncevolution.org/support

SEE ALSO
========

http://syncevolution.org

AUTHORS
=======

:Main developer:
     Patrick Ohly <patrick.ohly@intel.com>, http://www.estamos.de
:Contributors:
     http://syncevolution.org/about/contributors
:To contact the project publicly (preferred):
     syncevolution@syncevolution.org
:Intel-internal team mailing list (confidential):
     syncevolution@lists.intel.com