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Import latest gtest from upstream - commit 569fba4d742b67753b5374b6686170afb74acb0c

This commit is contained in:
Michael 2019-01-22 23:58:24 +00:00
parent 7653db89f4
commit f4e0cb2d4b
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 2D51757B47E2434C
378 changed files with 72903 additions and 33035 deletions
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10
CMakeLists.txt
View File

@ -699,9 +699,6 @@ if(SHADOW)
target_link_libraries(shadow-plugin-${SHARED_LIB} ${LIBS})
install(TARGETS shadow-plugin-${SHARED_LIB} DESTINATION plugins)
else()
#add_executable(${RC_EXE} ${RC_SRC})
#add_executable(${CLIENT_EXE} ${CLIENT_SRC})
#add_executable(${DNS_EXE} ${DNS_SRC})
add_subdirectory(${GTEST_DIR})
if(NOT WIN32)
add_executable(${TEST_EXE} ${TEST_SRC})
@ -745,11 +742,10 @@ else()
target_link_libraries(${STATIC_LIB} ${CRYPTOGRAPHY_LIB} ${LIBS} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB})
target_link_libraries(${EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB})
target_link_libraries(${TEST_EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} gtest_main ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB})
target_link_libraries(${TEST_EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} gmock gtest ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB})
if (WIN32)
target_link_libraries(${EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB} ws2_32 iphlpapi)
target_link_libraries(${TEST_EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} gtest_main ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB} ws2_32 iphlpapi)
target_link_libraries(${TEST_EXE} ${STATIC_LINK_LIBS} gmock gtest ${STATIC_LIB} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB} ws2_32 iphlpapi)
endif(WIN32)
@ -763,4 +759,4 @@ else()
target_link_libraries(${SHARED_LIB} ${CRYPTOGRAPHY_LIB} ${LIBS} ${UTIL_LIB} ${PLATFORM_LIB} Threads::Threads)
install(TARGETS ${SHARED_LIB} LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
endif(WITH_SHARED)
endif(SHADOW)
endif(SHADOW)

2
llarp/ev/ev_kqueue.cpp
View File

@ -580,4 +580,4 @@ llarp_kqueue_loop::stop()
::close(kqueuefd);
kqueuefd = -1;
}
}

4
test/gtest/.clang-format Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
# Run manually to reformat a file:
# clang-format -i --style=file <file>
Language: Cpp
BasedOnStyle: Google

55
test/gtest/.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,2 +1,57 @@
# Ignore CI build directory
build/
xcuserdata
cmake-build-debug/
.idea/
bazel-bin
bazel-genfiles
bazel-googletest
bazel-out
bazel-testlogs
# python
*.pyc
# Visual Studio files
.vs
*.sdf
*.opensdf
*.VC.opendb
*.suo
*.user
_ReSharper.Caches/
Win32-Debug/
Win32-Release/
x64-Debug/
x64-Release/
# Ignore autoconf / automake files
Makefile.in
aclocal.m4
configure
build-aux/
autom4te.cache/
googletest/m4/libtool.m4
googletest/m4/ltoptions.m4
googletest/m4/ltsugar.m4
googletest/m4/ltversion.m4
googletest/m4/lt~obsolete.m4
# Ignore generated directories.
googlemock/fused-src/
googletest/fused-src/
# macOS files
.DS_Store
googletest/.DS_Store
googletest/xcode/.DS_Store
# Ignore cmake generated directories and files.
CMakeFiles
CTestTestfile.cmake
Makefile
cmake_install.cmake
googlemock/CMakeFiles
googlemock/CTestTestfile.cmake
googlemock/Makefile
googlemock/cmake_install.cmake
googlemock/gtest

78
test/gtest/.travis.yml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
# Build matrix / environment variable are explained on:
# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/customizing-the-build/
# This file can be validated on:
# http://lint.travis-ci.org/
sudo: false
language: cpp
# Define the matrix explicitly, manually expanding the combinations of (os, compiler, env).
# It is more tedious, but grants us far more flexibility.
matrix:
include:
- os: linux
dist: trusty
sudo: required
group: deprecated-2017Q3
before_install: chmod -R +x ./ci/*platformio.sh
install: ./ci/install-platformio.sh
script: ./ci/build-platformio.sh
- os: linux
compiler: gcc
sudo : true
install: ./ci/install-linux.sh && ./ci/log-config.sh
script: ./ci/build-linux-bazel.sh
- os: linux
compiler: clang
sudo : true
install: ./ci/install-linux.sh && ./ci/log-config.sh
script: ./ci/build-linux-bazel.sh
- os: linux
group: deprecated-2017Q4
compiler: gcc
install: ./ci/install-linux.sh && ./ci/log-config.sh
script: ./ci/build-linux-autotools.sh
env: VERBOSE=1 CXXFLAGS=-std=c++11
- os: linux
group: deprecated-2017Q4
compiler: gcc
env: BUILD_TYPE=Debug VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11
- os: linux
group: deprecated-2017Q4
compiler: clang
env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11
- os: linux
compiler: clang
env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 NO_EXCEPTION=ON NO_RTTI=ON COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX=ON
- os: osx
compiler: gcc
env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 HOMEBREW_LOGS=~/homebrew-logs HOMEBREW_TEMP=~/homebrew-temp
- os: osx
env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11 HOMEBREW_LOGS=~/homebrew-logs HOMEBREW_TEMP=~/homebrew-temp
if: type != pull_request
# These are the install and build (script) phases for the most common entries in the matrix. They could be included
# in each entry in the matrix, but that is just repetitive.
install:
- ./ci/install-${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}.sh
- . ./ci/env-${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}.sh
- ./ci/log-config.sh
script: ./ci/travis.sh
# For sudo=false builds this section installs the necessary dependencies.
addons:
apt:
# List of whitelisted in travis packages for ubuntu-precise can be found here:
# https://github.com/travis-ci/apt-package-whitelist/blob/master/ubuntu-precise
# List of whitelisted in travis apt-sources:
# https://github.com/travis-ci/apt-source-whitelist/blob/master/ubuntu.json
sources:
- ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
- llvm-toolchain-precise-3.9
packages:
- g++-4.9
- clang-3.9
notifications:
email: false

166
test/gtest/BUILD.bazel Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# Author: misterg@google.com (Gennadiy Civil)
#
# Bazel Build for Google C++ Testing Framework(Google Test)
package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
licenses(["notice"])
config_setting(
name = "windows",
constraint_values = ["@bazel_tools//platforms:windows"],
)
config_setting(
name = "has_absl",
values = {"define": "absl=1"},
)
# Library that defines the FRIEND_TEST macro.
cc_library(
name = "gtest_prod",
hdrs = ["googletest/include/gtest/gtest_prod.h"],
includes = ["googletest/include"],
)
# Google Test including Google Mock
cc_library(
name = "gtest",
srcs = glob(
include = [
"googletest/src/*.cc",
"googletest/src/*.h",
"googletest/include/gtest/**/*.h",
"googlemock/src/*.cc",
"googlemock/include/gmock/**/*.h",
],
exclude = [
"googletest/src/gtest-all.cc",
"googletest/src/gtest_main.cc",
"googlemock/src/gmock-all.cc",
"googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc",
],
),
hdrs = glob([
"googletest/include/gtest/*.h",
"googlemock/include/gmock/*.h",
]),
copts = select({
":windows": [],
"//conditions:default": ["-pthread"],
}),
defines = select({
":has_absl": ["GTEST_HAS_ABSL=1"],
"//conditions:default": [],
}),
includes = [
"googlemock",
"googlemock/include",
"googletest",
"googletest/include",
],
linkopts = select({
":windows": [],
"//conditions:default": ["-pthread"],
}),
deps = select({
":has_absl": [
"@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:failure_signal_handler",
"@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:stacktrace",
"@com_google_absl//absl/debugging:symbolize",
"@com_google_absl//absl/strings",
"@com_google_absl//absl/types:optional",
"@com_google_absl//absl/types:variant",
],
"//conditions:default": [],
}),
)
cc_library(
name = "gtest_main",
srcs = ["googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc"],
deps = [":gtest"],
)
# The following rules build samples of how to use gTest.
cc_library(
name = "gtest_sample_lib",
srcs = [
"googletest/samples/sample1.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample2.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample4.cc",
],
hdrs = [
"googletest/samples/prime_tables.h",
"googletest/samples/sample1.h",
"googletest/samples/sample2.h",
"googletest/samples/sample3-inl.h",
"googletest/samples/sample4.h",
],
)
cc_test(
name = "gtest_samples",
size = "small",
# All Samples except:
# sample9 (main)
# sample10 (main and takes a command line option and needs to be separate)
srcs = [
"googletest/samples/sample1_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample2_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample3_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample4_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample5_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample6_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample7_unittest.cc",
"googletest/samples/sample8_unittest.cc",
],
deps = [
"gtest_sample_lib",
":gtest_main",
],
)
cc_test(
name = "sample9_unittest",
size = "small",
srcs = ["googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc"],
deps = [":gtest"],
)
cc_test(
name = "sample10_unittest",
size = "small",
srcs = ["googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc"],
deps = [":gtest"],
)

157
test/gtest/CHANGES
View File

@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
Changes for 1.7.0:
* New feature: death tests are supported on OpenBSD and in iOS
simulator now.
* New feature: Google Test now implements a protocol to allow
a test runner to detect that a test program has exited
prematurely and report it as a failure (before it would be
falsely reported as a success if the exit code is 0).
* New feature: Test::RecordProperty() can now be used outside of the
lifespan of a test method, in which case it will be attributed to
the current test case or the test program in the XML report.
* New feature (potentially breaking): --gtest_list_tests now prints
the type parameters and value parameters for each test.
* Improvement: char pointers and char arrays are now escaped properly
in failure messages.
* Improvement: failure summary in XML reports now includes file and
line information.
* Improvement: the <testsuites> XML element now has a timestamp attribute.
* Improvement: When --gtest_filter is specified, XML report now doesn't
contain information about tests that are filtered out.
* Fixed the bug where long --gtest_filter flag values are truncated in
death tests.
* Potentially breaking change: RUN_ALL_TESTS() is now implemented as a
function instead of a macro in order to work better with Clang.
* Compatibility fixes with C++ 11 and various platforms.
* Bug/warning fixes.
Changes for 1.6.0:
* New feature: ADD_FAILURE_AT() for reporting a test failure at the
given source location -- useful for writing testing utilities.
* New feature: the universal value printer is moved from Google Mock
to Google Test.
* New feature: type parameters and value parameters are reported in
the XML report now.
* A gtest_disable_pthreads CMake option.
* Colored output works in GNU Screen sessions now.
* Parameters of value-parameterized tests are now printed in the
textual output.
* Failures from ad hoc test assertions run before RUN_ALL_TESTS() are
now correctly reported.
* Arguments of ASSERT_XY and EXPECT_XY no longer need to support << to
ostream.
* More complete handling of exceptions.
* GTEST_ASSERT_XY can be used instead of ASSERT_XY in case the latter
name is already used by another library.
* --gtest_catch_exceptions is now true by default, allowing a test
program to continue after an exception is thrown.
* Value-parameterized test fixtures can now derive from Test and
WithParamInterface<T> separately, easing conversion of legacy tests.
* Death test messages are clearly marked to make them more
distinguishable from other messages.
* Compatibility fixes for Android, Google Native Client, MinGW, HP UX,
PowerPC, Lucid autotools, libCStd, Sun C++, Borland C++ Builder (Code Gear),
IBM XL C++ (Visual Age C++), and C++0x.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install'
command in autotools.
Changes for 1.5.0:
* New feature: assertions can be safely called in multiple threads
where the pthreads library is available.
* New feature: predicates used inside EXPECT_TRUE() and friends
can now generate custom failure messages.
* New feature: Google Test can now be compiled as a DLL.
* New feature: fused source files are included.
* New feature: prints help when encountering unrecognized Google Test flags.
* Experimental feature: CMake build script (requires CMake 2.6.4+).
* Experimental feature: the Pump script for meta programming.
* double values streamed to an assertion are printed with enough precision
to differentiate any two different values.
* Google Test now works on Solaris and AIX.
* Build and test script improvements.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
Potentially breaking changes:
* Stopped supporting VC++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled.
* Dropped support for 'make install'.
Changes for 1.4.0:
* New feature: the event listener API
* New feature: test shuffling
* New feature: the XML report format is closer to junitreport and can
be parsed by Hudson now.
* New feature: when a test runs under Visual Studio, its failures are
integrated in the IDE.
* New feature: /MD(d) versions of VC++ projects.
* New feature: elapsed time for the tests is printed by default.
* New feature: comes with a TR1 tuple implementation such that Boost
is no longer needed for Combine().
* New feature: EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED macro and friends.
* New feature: the Xcode project can now produce static gtest
libraries in addition to a framework.
* Compatibility fixes for Solaris, Cygwin, minGW, Windows Mobile,
Symbian, gcc, and C++Builder.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
Changes for 1.3.0:
* New feature: death tests on Windows, Cygwin, and Mac.
* New feature: ability to use Google Test assertions in other testing
frameworks.
* New feature: ability to run disabled test via
--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests.
* New feature: the --help flag for printing the usage.
* New feature: access to Google Test flag values in user code.
* New feature: a script that packs Google Test into one .h and one
.cc file for easy deployment.
* New feature: support for distributing test functions to multiple
machines (requires support from the test runner).
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
Changes for 1.2.1:
* Compatibility fixes for Linux IA-64 and IBM z/OS.
* Added support for using Boost and other TR1 implementations.
* Changes to the build scripts to support upcoming release of Google C++
Mocking Framework.
* Added Makefile to the distribution package.
* Improved build instructions in README.
Changes for 1.2.0:
* New feature: value-parameterized tests.
* New feature: the ASSERT/EXPECT_(NON)FATAL_FAILURE(_ON_ALL_THREADS)
macros.
* Changed the XML report format to match JUnit/Ant's.
* Added tests to the Xcode project.
* Added scons/SConscript for building with SCons.
* Added src/gtest-all.cc for building Google Test from a single file.
* Fixed compatibility with Solaris and z/OS.
* Enabled running Python tests on systems with python 2.3 installed,
e.g. Mac OS X 10.4.
* Bug fixes.
Changes for 1.1.0:
* New feature: type-parameterized tests.
* New feature: exception assertions.
* New feature: printing elapsed time of tests.
* Improved the robustness of death tests.
* Added an Xcode project and samples.
* Adjusted the output format on Windows to be understandable by Visual Studio.
* Minor bug fixes.
Changes for 1.0.1:
* Added project files for Visual Studio 7.1.
* Fixed issues with compiling on Mac OS X.
* Fixed issues with compiling on Cygwin.
Changes for 1.0.0:
* Initial Open Source release of Google Test

307
test/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
View File

@ -1,290 +1,31 @@
########################################################################
# CMake build script for Google Test.
#
# To run the tests for Google Test itself on Linux, use 'make test' or
# ctest. You can select which tests to run using 'ctest -R regex'.
# For more options, run 'ctest --help'.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.8)
# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to
# make it prominent in the GUI.
option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF)
# When other libraries are using a shared version of runtime libraries,
# Google Test also has to use one.
option(
gtest_force_shared_crt
"Use shared (DLL) run-time lib even when Google Test is built as static lib."
OFF)
option(gtest_build_tests "Build all of gtest's own tests." OFF)
option(gtest_build_samples "Build gtest's sample programs." OFF)
if (NOT WIN32)
option(gtest_disable_pthreads "Disable uses of pthreads in gtest." OFF)
if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.1")
add_definitions(-std=c++11)
else()
option(gtest_disable_pthreads "Disable uses of pthreads in gtest." ON)
endif(NOT WIN32)
option(
gtest_hide_internal_symbols
"Build gtest with internal symbols hidden in shared libraries."
OFF)
# Defines pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build() and set_up_hermetic_build().
include(cmake/hermetic_build.cmake OPTIONAL)
if (COMMAND pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build)
pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build()
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Project-wide settings
if (POLICY CMP0048)
cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW)
endif (POLICY CMP0048)
# Name of the project.
#
# CMake files in this project can refer to the root source directory
# as ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR} and to the root binary directory as
# ${gtest_BINARY_DIR}.
# Language "C" is required for find_package(Threads).
project(gtest CXX C)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2)
project(googletest-distribution)
set(GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.9.0)
if (COMMAND set_up_hermetic_build)
set_up_hermetic_build()
endif()
if (gtest_hide_internal_symbols)
set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)
set(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN 1)
endif()
# Define helper functions and macros used by Google Test.
include(cmake/internal_utils.cmake)
config_compiler_and_linker() # Defined in internal_utils.cmake.
# Where Google Test's .h files can be found.
include_directories(
${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include
${gtest_SOURCE_DIR})
# Where Google Test's libraries can be found.
link_directories(${gtest_BINARY_DIR}/src)
# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio:
# Compiler version(MS) version(cmake) Support
# ---------- ----------- -------------- -----------------------------
# <= VS 2010 <= 10 <= 1600 Use Google Tests's own tuple.
# VS 2012 11 1700 std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10
# VS 2013 12 1800 std::tr1::tuple
if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10)
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Defines the gtest & gtest_main libraries. User tests should link
# with one of them.
# Google Test libraries. We build them using more strict warnings than what
# are used for other targets, to ensure that gtest can be compiled by a user
# aggressive about warnings.
cxx_library(gtest "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest-all.cc)
cxx_library(gtest_main "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest_main.cc)
target_link_libraries(gtest_main gtest)
# If the CMake version supports it, attach header directory information
# to the targets for when we are part of a parent build (ie being pulled
# in via add_subdirectory() rather than being a standalone build).
if (DEFINED CMAKE_VERSION AND NOT "${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "2.8.11")
target_include_directories(gtest INTERFACE "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
target_include_directories(gtest_main INTERFACE "${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Install rules
#install(TARGETS gtest gtest_main
# DESTINATION lib)
#install(DIRECTORY ${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include/gtest
# DESTINATION include)
########################################################################
#
# Samples on how to link user tests with gtest or gtest_main.
#
# They are not built by default. To build them, set the
# gtest_build_samples option to ON. You can do it by running ccmake
# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
if (gtest_build_samples)
cxx_executable(sample1_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
cxx_executable(sample2_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample2.cc)
cxx_executable(sample3_unittest samples gtest_main)
cxx_executable(sample4_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample4.cc)
cxx_executable(sample5_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
cxx_executable(sample6_unittest samples gtest_main)
cxx_executable(sample7_unittest samples gtest_main)
cxx_executable(sample8_unittest samples gtest_main)
cxx_executable(sample9_unittest samples gtest)
cxx_executable(sample10_unittest samples gtest)
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Google Test's own tests.
#
# You can skip this section if you aren't interested in testing
# Google Test itself.
#
# The tests are not built by default. To build them, set the
# gtest_build_tests option to ON. You can do it by running ccmake
# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_tests=ON flag when running cmake.
if (gtest_build_tests)
# This must be set in the root directory for the tests to be run by
# 'make test' or ctest.
enable_testing()
############################################################
# C++ tests built with standard compiler flags.
cxx_test(gtest-death-test_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_environment_test gtest)
cxx_test(gtest-filepath_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest-linked_ptr_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest-listener_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_main_unittest gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest-message_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_no_test_unittest gtest)
cxx_test(gtest-options_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest-param-test_test gtest
test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
cxx_test(gtest-port_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_pred_impl_unittest gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_premature_exit_test gtest
test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc)
cxx_test(gtest-printers_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_prod_test gtest_main
test/production.cc)
cxx_test(gtest_repeat_test gtest)
cxx_test(gtest_sole_header_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_stress_test gtest)
cxx_test(gtest-test-part_test gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test gtest)
cxx_test(gtest-typed-test_test gtest_main
test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc)
cxx_test(gtest_unittest gtest_main)
cxx_test(gtest-unittest-api_test gtest)
############################################################
# C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
# MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
src/gtest-all.cc)
cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
endif()
cxx_library(gtest_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-death-test_ex_nocatch_test
"${cxx_exception} -DGTEST_ENABLE_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_=0"
gtest test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-death-test_ex_catch_test
"${cxx_exception} -DGTEST_ENABLE_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_=1"
gtest test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gtest_no_rtti_unittest "${cxx_no_rtti}"
gtest_main_no_rtti test/gtest_unittest.cc)
cxx_shared_library(gtest_dll "${cxx_default}"
src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
cxx_executable_with_flags(gtest_dll_test_ "${cxx_default}"
gtest_dll test/gtest_all_test.cc)
set_target_properties(gtest_dll_test_
PROPERTIES
COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600) # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010.
# Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that
# conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not
# work on those compilers.
cxx_library(gtest_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gtest-tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
gtest_main_use_own_tuple test/gtest-tuple_test.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gtest_use_own_tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
gtest_main_use_own_tuple
test/gtest-param-test_test.cc test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
endif()
############################################################
# Python tests.
cxx_executable(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest)
# Visual Studio .NET 2003 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310) # 1310 is Visual Studio .NET 2003
cxx_executable_with_flags(
gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
"${cxx_no_exception}"
gtest_main_no_exception
test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
endif()
cxx_executable_with_flags(
gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_
"${cxx_exception}"
gtest_main
test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
py_test(gtest_catch_exceptions_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_color_test_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_color_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_env_var_test_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_env_var_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_filter_unittest_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_filter_unittest)
cxx_executable(gtest_help_test_ test gtest_main)
py_test(gtest_help_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_list_tests_unittest_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_list_tests_unittest)
cxx_executable(gtest_output_test_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_output_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_shuffle_test_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_shuffle_test)
# MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
PROPERTIES
COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
endif()
cxx_executable(gtest_uninitialized_test_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_uninitialized_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_xml_outfile1_test_ test gtest_main)
cxx_executable(gtest_xml_outfile2_test_ test gtest_main)
py_test(gtest_xml_outfiles_test)
cxx_executable(gtest_xml_output_unittest_ test gtest)
py_test(gtest_xml_output_unittest)
enable_testing()
include(CMakeDependentOption)
include(GNUInstallDirs)
#Note that googlemock target already builds googletest
option(BUILD_GMOCK "Builds the googlemock subproject" ON)
option(INSTALL_GTEST "Enable installation of googletest. (Projects embedding googletest may want to turn this OFF.)" ON)
if(BUILD_GMOCK)
add_subdirectory( googlemock )
else()
add_subdirectory( googletest )
endif()

161
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@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
# How to become a contributor and submit your own code
## Contributor License Agreements
We'd love to accept your patches! Before we can take them, we
have to jump a couple of legal hurdles.
Please fill out either the individual or corporate Contributor License Agreement
(CLA).
* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you
own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an
[individual CLA](https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual).
* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work,
then you'll need to sign a
[corporate CLA](https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate).
Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and
instructions for how to sign and return it. Once we receive it, we'll be able to
accept your pull requests.
## Are you a Googler?
If you are a Googler, you can either create an internal change or work on GitHub directly.
## Contributing A Patch
1. Submit an issue describing your proposed change to the
[issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest).
1. Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal,
because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a
change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue
tracker, please create one.
1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in
question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and
communicating your plan early also generally leads to better
patches.
1. If your proposed change is accepted, and you haven't already done so, sign a
Contributor License Agreement (see details above).
1. Fork the desired repo, develop and test your code changes.
1. Ensure that your code adheres to the existing style in the sample to which
you are contributing.
1. Ensure that your code has an appropriate set of unit tests which all pass.
1. Submit a pull request.
## The Google Test and Google Mock Communities ##
The Google Test community exists primarily through the
[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework)
and the GitHub repository.
Likewise, the Google Mock community exists primarily through their own
[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).
You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the
discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the
group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here.
### Please Be Friendly ###
Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google
culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google
Test development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course,
being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree
with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each
other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular
proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be
antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to
contribute to a discussion.
Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also
a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the
friendliest communities in all of open source.
As always, discuss Google Test in the official GoogleTest discussion group.
You don't have to actually submit code in order to sign up. Your participation
itself is a valuable contribution.
## Style
To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge,
we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](https://github.com/google/styleguide) project. All patches will be expected
to conform to the style outlined [here](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html).
Use [.clang-format](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/.clang-format) to check your formatting
## Requirements for Contributors ###
If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to build Google Test,
Google Mock, and their own tests from a git checkout, which has
further requirements:
* [Python](https://www.python.org/) v2.3 or newer (for running some of
the tests and re-generating certain source files from templates)
* [CMake](https://cmake.org/) v2.6.4 or newer
* [GNU Build System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Build_System)
including automake (>= 1.9), autoconf (>= 2.59), and
libtool / libtoolize.
## Developing Google Test ##
This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
### Testing Google Test Itself ###
To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
For that you can use CMake:
mkdir mybuild
cd mybuild
cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
are written in Python. If the cmake command complains about not being
able to find Python (`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it explicitly where your Python
executable can be found:
cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests. On \*nix,
this is usually done by 'make'. To run the tests, do
make test
All tests should pass.
### Regenerating Source Files ##
Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not
in the C++ sense) using a script.
For example, the
file include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate
gtest-type-util.h in the same directory.
You don't need to worry about regenerating the source files
unless you need to modify them. You would then modify the
corresponding `.pump` files and run the '[pump.py](googletest/scripts/pump.py)'
generator script. See the [Pump Manual](googletest/docs/PumpManual.md).
## Developing Google Mock ###
This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock.
#### Testing Google Mock Itself ####
To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
For that you'll need Autotools. First, make sure you have followed
the instructions above to configure Google Mock.
Then, create a build output directory and enter it. Next,
${GMOCK_DIR}/configure # try --help for more info
Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are
standard for GNU-style OSS packages.
make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions
make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass.
Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building
against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test
separately.

316
test/gtest/Makefile.am
View File

@ -1,310 +1,14 @@
# Automake file
## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
# Nonstandard package files for distribution
AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign
# Build . before src so that our all-local and clean-local hooks kicks in at
# the right time.
SUBDIRS = googletest googlemock
EXTRA_DIST = \
CHANGES \
CONTRIBUTORS \
LICENSE \
include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump \
make/Makefile \
scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py \
scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py \
scripts/pump.py \
scripts/test/Makefile
# gtest source files that we don't compile directly. They are
# #included by gtest-all.cc.
GTEST_SRC = \
src/gtest-death-test.cc \
src/gtest-filepath.cc \
src/gtest-internal-inl.h \
src/gtest-port.cc \
src/gtest-printers.cc \
src/gtest-test-part.cc \
src/gtest-typed-test.cc \
src/gtest.cc
EXTRA_DIST += $(GTEST_SRC)
# Sample files that we don't compile.
EXTRA_DIST += \
samples/prime_tables.h \
samples/sample2_unittest.cc \
samples/sample3_unittest.cc \
samples/sample4_unittest.cc \
samples/sample5_unittest.cc \
samples/sample6_unittest.cc \
samples/sample7_unittest.cc \
samples/sample8_unittest.cc \
samples/sample9_unittest.cc
# C++ test files that we don't compile directly.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gtest-death-test_ex_test.cc \
test/gtest-death-test_test.cc \
test/gtest-filepath_test.cc \
test/gtest-linked_ptr_test.cc \
test/gtest-listener_test.cc \
test/gtest-message_test.cc \
test/gtest-options_test.cc \
test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc \
test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc \
test/gtest-param-test_test.cc \
test/gtest-param-test_test.cc \
test/gtest-param-test_test.h \
test/gtest-port_test.cc \
test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc \
test/gtest-printers_test.cc \
test/gtest-test-part_test.cc \
test/gtest-tuple_test.cc \
test/gtest-typed-test2_test.cc \
test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc \
test/gtest-typed-test_test.h \
test/gtest-unittest-api_test.cc \
test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_.cc \
test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc \
test/gtest_color_test_.cc \
test/gtest_env_var_test_.cc \
test/gtest_environment_test.cc \
test/gtest_filter_unittest_.cc \
test/gtest_help_test_.cc \
test/gtest_list_tests_unittest_.cc \
test/gtest_main_unittest.cc \
test/gtest_no_test_unittest.cc \
test/gtest_output_test_.cc \
test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc \
test/gtest_prod_test.cc \
test/gtest_repeat_test.cc \
test/gtest_shuffle_test_.cc \
test/gtest_sole_header_test.cc \
test/gtest_stress_test.cc \
test/gtest_throw_on_failure_ex_test.cc \
test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test_.cc \
test/gtest_uninitialized_test_.cc \
test/gtest_unittest.cc \
test/gtest_unittest.cc \
test/gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc \
test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc \
test/gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc \
test/production.cc \
test/production.h
# Python tests that we don't run.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gtest_break_on_failure_unittest.py \
test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test.py \
test/gtest_color_test.py \
test/gtest_env_var_test.py \
test/gtest_filter_unittest.py \
test/gtest_help_test.py \
test/gtest_list_tests_unittest.py \
test/gtest_output_test.py \
test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt \
test/gtest_shuffle_test.py \
test/gtest_test_utils.py \
test/gtest_throw_on_failure_test.py \
test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py \
test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py \
test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py \
test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
# CMake script
EXTRA_DIST += \
BUILD.bazel \
CMakeLists.txt \
cmake/internal_utils.cmake
# MSVC project files
EXTRA_DIST += \
msvc/gtest-md.sln \
msvc/gtest-md.vcproj \
msvc/gtest.sln \
msvc/gtest.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_main-md.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_main.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_prod_test-md.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_prod_test.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_unittest-md.vcproj \
msvc/gtest_unittest.vcproj
# xcode project files
EXTRA_DIST += \
xcode/Config/DebugProject.xcconfig \
xcode/Config/FrameworkTarget.xcconfig \
xcode/Config/General.xcconfig \
xcode/Config/ReleaseProject.xcconfig \
xcode/Config/StaticLibraryTarget.xcconfig \
xcode/Config/TestTarget.xcconfig \
xcode/Resources/Info.plist \
xcode/Scripts/runtests.sh \
xcode/Scripts/versiongenerate.py \
xcode/gtest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
# xcode sample files
EXTRA_DIST += \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/Info.plist \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/WidgetFramework.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/runtests.sh \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.cc \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget.h \
xcode/Samples/FrameworkSample/widget_test.cc
# C++Builder project files
EXTRA_DIST += \
codegear/gtest.cbproj \
codegear/gtest.groupproj \
codegear/gtest_all.cc \
codegear/gtest_link.cc \
codegear/gtest_main.cbproj \
codegear/gtest_unittest.cbproj
# Distribute and install M4 macro
m4datadir = $(datadir)/aclocal
m4data_DATA = m4/gtest.m4
EXTRA_DIST += $(m4data_DATA)
# We define the global AM_CPPFLAGS as everything we compile includes from these
# directories.
AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/include
# Modifies compiler and linker flags for pthreads compatibility.
if HAVE_PTHREADS
AM_CXXFLAGS = @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
AM_LIBS = @PTHREAD_LIBS@
else
AM_CXXFLAGS = -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
endif
# Build rules for libraries.
lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib/libgtest.la lib/libgtest_main.la
lib_libgtest_la_SOURCES = src/gtest-all.cc
pkginclude_HEADERS = \
include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h \
include/gtest/gtest-message.h \
include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h \
include/gtest/gtest-printers.h \
include/gtest/gtest-spi.h \
include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h \
include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h \
include/gtest/gtest.h \
include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h \
include/gtest/gtest_prod.h
pkginclude_internaldir = $(pkgincludedir)/internal
pkginclude_internal_HEADERS = \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h \
include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h \
include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h \
include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h \
include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
lib_libgtest_main_la_SOURCES = src/gtest_main.cc
lib_libgtest_main_la_LIBADD = lib/libgtest.la
# Bulid rules for samples and tests. Automake's naming for some of
# these variables isn't terribly obvious, so this is a brief
# reference:
#
# TESTS -- Programs run automatically by "make check"
# check_PROGRAMS -- Programs built by "make check" but not necessarily run
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = samples/libsamples.la
samples_libsamples_la_SOURCES = \
samples/sample1.cc \
samples/sample1.h \
samples/sample2.cc \
samples/sample2.h \
samples/sample3-inl.h \
samples/sample4.cc \
samples/sample4.h
TESTS=
TESTS_ENVIRONMENT = GTEST_SOURCE_DIR="$(srcdir)/test" \
GTEST_BUILD_DIR="$(top_builddir)/test"
check_PROGRAMS=
# A simple sample on using gtest.
TESTS += samples/sample1_unittest
check_PROGRAMS += samples/sample1_unittest
samples_sample1_unittest_SOURCES = samples/sample1_unittest.cc
samples_sample1_unittest_LDADD = lib/libgtest_main.la \
lib/libgtest.la \
samples/libsamples.la
# Another sample. It also verifies that libgtest works.
TESTS += samples/sample10_unittest
check_PROGRAMS += samples/sample10_unittest
samples_sample10_unittest_SOURCES = samples/sample10_unittest.cc
samples_sample10_unittest_LDADD = lib/libgtest.la
# This tests most constructs of gtest and verifies that libgtest_main
# and libgtest work.
TESTS += test/gtest_all_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gtest_all_test
test_gtest_all_test_SOURCES = test/gtest_all_test.cc
test_gtest_all_test_LDADD = lib/libgtest_main.la \
lib/libgtest.la
# Tests that fused gtest files compile and work.
FUSED_GTEST_SRC = \
fused-src/gtest/gtest-all.cc \
fused-src/gtest/gtest.h \
fused-src/gtest/gtest_main.cc
if HAVE_PYTHON
TESTS += test/fused_gtest_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/fused_gtest_test
test_fused_gtest_test_SOURCES = $(FUSED_GTEST_SRC) \
samples/sample1.cc samples/sample1_unittest.cc
test_fused_gtest_test_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(srcdir)/fused-src"
# Build rules for putting fused Google Test files into the distribution
# package. The user can also create those files by manually running
# scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py.
$(test_fused_gtest_test_SOURCES): fused-gtest
fused-gtest: $(pkginclude_HEADERS) $(pkginclude_internal_HEADERS) \
$(GTEST_SRC) src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc \
scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py
mkdir -p "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
chmod -R u+w "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest-all.cc"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest.h"
"$(srcdir)/scripts/fuse_gtest_files.py" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
cp -f "$(srcdir)/src/gtest_main.cc" "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/"
maintainer-clean-local:
rm -rf "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
endif
# Death tests may produce core dumps in the build directory. In case
# this happens, clean them to keep distcleancheck happy.
CLEANFILES = core
# Disables 'make install' as installing a compiled version of Google
# Test can lead to undefined behavior due to violation of the
# One-Definition Rule.
install-exec-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Test into your build system."
false
install-data-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Test into your build system."
false
README.md \
WORKSPACE

332
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@ -1,280 +1,132 @@
### Generic Build Instructions ###
# Google Test #
#### Setup ####
[![Build Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/google/googletest.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/googletest)
[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/4o38plt0xbo1ubc8/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/GoogleTestAppVeyor/googletest/branch/master)
To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
straightforward.
**PR FREEZE COMING SOON**
#### Build ####
We are working on a large refactoring that would make it hard to accept external PRs. *Really Soon Now* we will not be accepting new PRs until the refactoring has been completed.
Suppose you put Google Test in directory `${GTEST_DIR}`. To build it,
create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
and Xcode) to compile
**Future Plans**:
* 1.8.x Release - [the 1.8.x](https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/tag/release-1.8.1) is the last release that works with pre-C++11 compilers. The 1.8.x will not accept any requests for any new features and any bugfix requests will only be accepted if proven "critical"
* Post 1.8.x - work to improve/cleanup/pay technical debt. When this work is completed there will be a 1.9.x tagged release
* Post 1.9.x googletest will follow [Abseil Live at Head philosophy](https://abseil.io/about/philosophy)
${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path and `${GTEST_DIR}`
in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do:
Welcome to **Google Test**, Google's C++ test framework!
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
ar -rv libgtest.a gtest-all.o
This repository is a merger of the formerly separate GoogleTest and
GoogleMock projects. These were so closely related that it makes sense to
maintain and release them together.
(We need `-pthread` as Google Test uses threads.)
Please subscribe to the mailing list at googletestframework@googlegroups.com for questions, discussions, and development.
There is also an IRC channel on [OFTC](https://webchat.oftc.net/) (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.
Next, you should compile your test source file with
`${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path, and link it
with gtest and any other necessary libraries:
Getting started information for **Google Test** is available in the
[Google Test Primer](googletest/docs/primer.md) documentation.
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
-o your_test
**Google Mock** is an extension to Google Test for writing and using C++ mock
classes. See the separate [Google Mock documentation](googlemock/README.md).
As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available
(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
Test's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and
a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
script.
More detailed documentation for googletest (including build instructions) are
in its interior [googletest/README.md](googletest/README.md) file.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
following commands should succeed:
## Features ##
cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
make
./sample1_unittest
* An [xUnit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit) test framework.
* Test discovery.
* A rich set of assertions.
* User-defined assertions.
* Death tests.
* Fatal and non-fatal failures.
* Value-parameterized tests.
* Type-parameterized tests.
* Various options for running the tests.
* XML test report generation.
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of `make/Makefile` to make
them go away. There are instructions in `make/Makefile` on how to do
it.
## Platforms ##
### Using CMake ###
Google test has been used on a variety of platforms:
Google Test comes with a CMake build script (
[CMakeLists.txt](CMakeLists.txt)) that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for
cross-platform.). If you don't have CMake installed already, you can
download it for free from <http://www.cmake.org/>.
* Linux
* Mac OS X
* Windows
* Cygwin
* MinGW
* Windows Mobile
* Symbian
CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can
be used in the compiler environment of your choice. The typical
workflow starts with:
## Who Is Using Google Test? ##
mkdir mybuild # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd mybuild
cmake ${GTEST_DIR} # Generate native build scripts.
In addition to many internal projects at Google, Google Test is also used by
the following notable projects:
If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the
last command with
* The [Chromium projects](http://www.chromium.org/) (behind the Chrome
browser and Chrome OS).
* The [LLVM](http://llvm.org/) compiler.
* [Protocol Buffers](https://github.com/google/protobuf), Google's data
interchange format.
* The [OpenCV](http://opencv.org/) computer vision library.
* [tiny-dnn](https://github.com/tiny-dnn/tiny-dnn): header only, dependency-free deep learning framework in C++11.
cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
## Related Open Source Projects ##
If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the
current directory. Just type 'make' to build gtest.
[GTest Runner](https://github.com/nholthaus/gtest-runner) is a Qt5 based automated test-runner and Graphical User Interface with powerful features for Windows and Linux platforms.
If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file
and several `.vcproj` files will be created. You can then build them
using Visual Studio.
[Google Test UI](https://github.com/ospector/gtest-gbar) is test runner that runs
your test binary, allows you to track its progress via a progress bar, and
displays a list of test failures. Clicking on one shows failure text. Google
Test UI is written in C#.
On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated.
[GTest TAP Listener](https://github.com/kinow/gtest-tap-listener) is an event
listener for Google Test that implements the
[TAP protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Anything_Protocol) for test
result output. If your test runner understands TAP, you may find it useful.
### Legacy Build Scripts ###
[gtest-parallel](https://github.com/google/gtest-parallel) is a test runner that
runs tests from your binary in parallel to provide significant speed-up.
Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools. While we
continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively
maintained any more. We highly recommend that you follow the
instructions in the previous two sections to integrate Google Test
with your existing build system.
[GoogleTest Adapter](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=DavidSchuldenfrei.gtest-adapter) is a VS Code extension allowing to view Google Tests in a tree view, and run/debug your tests.
If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
## Requirements ##
The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects.
Open the `gtest.sln` or `gtest-md.sln` file using Visual Studio, and you
are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual
Studio project. Files that have names ending with -md use DLL
versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler
option). Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime
libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option). Please note that one must use
the same option to compile both gtest and the test code. If you use
Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is
the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build
and use with your projects, but there are some. Currently, we support
Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Cygwin. We will also make our best
effort to support other platforms (e.g. Solaris, AIX, and z/OS).
However, since core members of the Google Test project have no access
to these platforms, Google Test may have outstanding issues there. If
you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
[googletestframework@googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/googletestframework). Patches for fixing them are
even more welcome!
On Mac OS X, open the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `xcode/` folder using
Xcode. Build the "gtest" target. The universal binary framework will
end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode
"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build).
Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
### Linux Requirements ###
xcodebuild
These are the base requirements to build and use Google Test from a source
package (as described below):
This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your
default build location. See the "xcodebuild" man page for more
information about building different configurations and building in
different locations.
* GNU-compatible Make or gmake
* POSIX-standard shell
* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
* A C++11-standard-compliant compiler
If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and
above, you need to either:
### Windows Requirements ###
* update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
Comment options `SDKROOT`, `MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`, and `GCC_VERSION`. If
you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions
of MacOS X.
* Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be
supported by Apple, but has been reported to work
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
* Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 or newer
### Tweaking Google Test ###
### Cygwin Requirements ###
Google Test can be used in diverse environments. The default
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Test by
defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
* Cygwin v1.5.25-14 or newer
We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
see file [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
### Mac OS X Requirements ###
### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
* Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger or newer
* Xcode Developer Tools
Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1)
tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers. The
good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's
enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the
compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
## Contributing change
Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
uses. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to
tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your
project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash. To do
that, add
Please read the [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on
how to contribute to this project.
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests. If
you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
to the compiler flags instead.
If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
-DGTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=0
and all features using tuple will be disabled.
### Multi-threaded Tests ###
Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available.
After `#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE`
macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to
1, no if it's undefined.).
If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available
in your environment, you can force it with
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
or
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your
compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get
link errors. If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools
script, this is taken care of for you. If you use your own build
script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to
figure out what flags to add.
### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a
static library for the simplicity. You can choose to use Google Test
as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
-DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
to the compiler flags. You'll also need to tell the linker to produce
a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do
it.
To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
-DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
to the compiler flags.
Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when
using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the
future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see
<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are
recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a
shared library. Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break
your build script.
### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ###
In C++, macros don't obey namespaces. Therefore two libraries that
both define a macro of the same name will clash if you `#include` both
definitions. In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
conflict.
Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
FOO, you can add
-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`,
or `TEST`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll
need to write
GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
instead of
TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
in order to define a test.
## Developing Google Test ##
This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
### Testing Google Test Itself ###
To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
For that you can use CMake:
mkdir mybuild
cd mybuild
cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
are written in Python. If the cmake command complains about not being
able to find Python (`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it explicitly where your Python
executable can be found:
cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests. On \*nix,
this is usually done by 'make'. To run the tests, do
make test
All tests should pass.
Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
unless you need to modify them. In that case, you should modify the
corresponding .pump files instead and run the pump.py Python script to
regenerate them. You can find pump.py in the [scripts/](scripts/) directory.
Read the [Pump manual](docs/PumpManual.md) for how to use it.
Happy testing!

10
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workspace(name = "com_google_googletest")
load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
# Abseil
http_archive(
name = "com_google_absl",
urls = ["https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/master.zip"],
strip_prefix = "abseil-cpp-master",
)

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version: '{build}'
os: Visual Studio 2015
environment:
matrix:
- compiler: msvc-15-seh
generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017"
APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
- compiler: msvc-15-seh
generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
enabled_on_pr: yes
- compiler: msvc-14-seh
generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015"
enabled_on_pr: yes
- compiler: msvc-14-seh
generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64"
- compiler: gcc-6.3.0-posix
generator: "MinGW Makefiles"
cxx_path: 'C:\mingw-w64\i686-6.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev1\mingw32\bin'
enabled_on_pr: yes
configuration:
- Debug
build:
verbosity: minimal
install:
- ps: |
Write-Output "Compiler: $env:compiler"
Write-Output "Generator: $env:generator"
Write-Output "Env:Configuation: $env:configuration"
Write-Output "Env: $env"
if (-not (Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)) {
Write-Output "This is *NOT* a pull request build"
} else {
Write-Output "This is a pull request build"
if (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes") {
Write-Output "PR builds are *NOT* explicitly enabled"
}
}
# git bash conflicts with MinGW makefiles
if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {
$env:path = $env:path.replace("C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;", "")
if ($env:cxx_path -ne "") {
$env:path += ";$env:cxx_path"
}
}
build_script:
- ps: |
# Only enable some builds for pull requests, the AppVeyor queue is too long.
if ((Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER) -And (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes")) {
return
}
md _build -Force | Out-Null
cd _build
$conf = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$env:configuration"} else {"-DCMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES=Debug;Release"}
# Disable test for MinGW (gtest tests fail, gmock tests can not build)
$gtest_build_tests = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-Dgtest_build_tests=OFF"} else {"-Dgtest_build_tests=ON"}
$gmock_build_tests = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-Dgmock_build_tests=OFF"} else {"-Dgmock_build_tests=ON"}
& cmake -G "$env:generator" $conf -Dgtest_build_samples=ON $gtest_build_tests $gmock_build_tests ..
if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage"
}
$cmake_parallel = if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {"-j2"} else {"/m"}
& cmake --build . --config $env:configuration -- $cmake_parallel
if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage"
}
skip_commits:
files:
- '**/*.md'
test_script:
- ps: |
# Only enable some builds for pull requests, the AppVeyor queue is too long.
if ((Test-Path env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER) -And (-not (Test-Path env:enabled_on_pr) -or $env:enabled_on_pr -ne "yes")) {
return
}
if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {
return # No test available for MinGW
}
& ctest -C $env:configuration --timeout 600 --output-on-failure
if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage"
}
artifacts:
- path: '_build/CMakeFiles/*.log'
name: logs
- path: '_build/Testing/**/*.xml'
name: test_results

44
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@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
set -e
. ci/get-nprocessors.sh
# Create the configuration script
autoreconf -i
# Run in a subdirectory to keep the sources clean
mkdir build || true
cd build
../configure
make -j ${NPROCESSORS:-2}

36
test/gtest/ci/build-linux-bazel.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
set -e
bazel build --curses=no //...:all
bazel test --curses=no //...:all
bazel test --curses=no //...:all --define absl=1

2
test/gtest/ci/build-platformio.sh Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
# run PlatformIO builds
platformio run

41
test/gtest/ci/env-linux.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# This file should be sourced, and not executed as a standalone script.
#
# TODO() - we can check if this is being sourced using $BASH_VERSION and $BASH_SOURCE[0] != ${0}.
if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" = "linux" ]; then
if [ "$CXX" = "g++" ]; then export CXX="g++-4.9" CC="gcc-4.9"; fi
if [ "$CXX" = "clang++" ]; then export CXX="clang++-3.9" CC="clang-3.9"; fi
fi

41
test/gtest/ci/env-osx.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# This file should be sourced, and not executed as a standalone script.
#
# TODO() - we can check if this is being sourced using $BASH_VERSION and $BASH_SOURCE[0] != ${0}.
#
if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" = "osx" ]; then
if [ "$CXX" = "clang++" ]; then export CXX="clang++-3.9" CC="clang-3.9"; fi
fi

48
test/gtest/ci/get-nprocessors.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
# This file is typically sourced by another script.
# if possible, ask for the precise number of processors,
# otherwise take 2 processors as reasonable default; see
# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/speeding-up-the-build/#Makefile-optimization
if [ -x /usr/bin/getconf ]; then
NPROCESSORS=$(/usr/bin/getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
else
NPROCESSORS=2
fi
# as of 2017-09-04 Travis CI reports 32 processors, but GCC build
# crashes if parallelized too much (maybe memory consumption problem),
# so limit to 4 processors for the time being.
if [ $NPROCESSORS -gt 4 ] ; then
echo "$0:Note: Limiting processors to use by make from $NPROCESSORS to 4."
NPROCESSORS=4
fi

49
test/gtest/ci/install-linux.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
set -eu
if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" != linux ]; then
echo "Not a Linux build; skipping installation"
exit 0
fi
if [ "${TRAVIS_SUDO}" = "true" ]; then
echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list
curl https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y bazel gcc-4.9 g++-4.9 clang-3.9
elif [ "${CXX}" = "clang++" ]; then
# Use ccache, assuming $HOME/bin is in the path, which is true in the Travis build environment.
ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache $HOME/bin/${CXX};
ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache $HOME/bin/${CC};
fi

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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
set -eu
if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" != "osx" ]; then
echo "Not a macOS build; skipping installation"
exit 0
fi
brew install ccache

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
# install PlatformIO
sudo pip install -U platformio
# update PlatformIO
platformio update

51
test/gtest/ci/log-config.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
set -e
# ccache on OS X needs installation first
# reset ccache statistics
ccache --zero-stats
echo PATH=${PATH}
echo "Compiler configuration:"
echo CXX=${CXX}
echo CC=${CC}
echo CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS}
echo "C++ compiler version:"
${CXX} --version || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the --version flag"
${CXX} -v || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the -v flag"
echo "C compiler version:"
${CC} --version || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the --version flag"
${CC} -v || echo "${CXX} does not seem to support the -v flag"

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@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
#!/usr/bin/env sh
set -evx
. ci/get-nprocessors.sh
# if possible, ask for the precise number of processors,
# otherwise take 2 processors as reasonable default; see
# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/speeding-up-the-build/#Makefile-optimization
if [ -x /usr/bin/getconf ]; then
NPROCESSORS=$(/usr/bin/getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
else
NPROCESSORS=2
fi
# as of 2017-09-04 Travis CI reports 32 processors, but GCC build
# crashes if parallelized too much (maybe memory consumption problem),
# so limit to 4 processors for the time being.
if [ $NPROCESSORS -gt 4 ] ; then
echo "$0:Note: Limiting processors to use by make from $NPROCESSORS to 4."
NPROCESSORS=4
fi
# Tell make to use the processors. No preceding '-' required.
MAKEFLAGS="j${NPROCESSORS}"
export MAKEFLAGS
env | sort
# Set default values to OFF for these variables if not specified.
: "${NO_EXCEPTION:=OFF}"
: "${NO_RTTI:=OFF}"
: "${COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX:=OFF}"
mkdir build || true
cd build
cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON \
-Dgtest_build_tests=ON \
-Dgmock_build_tests=ON \
-Dcxx_no_exception=$NO_EXCEPTION \
-Dcxx_no_rtti=$NO_RTTI \
-DCMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX=$COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX \
-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=$CXX_FLAGS \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE \
..
make
CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 make test

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test/gtest/configure.ac
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@ -1,68 +1,16 @@
m4_include(m4/acx_pthread.m4)
# At this point, the Xcode project assumes the version string will be three
# integers separated by periods and surrounded by square brackets (e.g.
# "[1.0.1]"). It also asumes that there won't be any closing parenthesis
# between "AC_INIT(" and the closing ")" including comments and strings.
AC_INIT([Google C++ Testing Framework],
[1.7.0],
[googletestframework@googlegroups.com],
[gtest])
AC_INIT([Google C++ Mocking and Testing Frameworks],
[1.9.0],
[googlemock@googlegroups.com],
[googletest])
# Provide various options to initialize the Autoconf and configure processes.
AC_PREREQ([2.59])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([./LICENSE])
AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([./README.md])
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([build-aux/config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([scripts/gtest-config], [chmod +x scripts/gtest-config])
AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS([googletest googlemock])
# Initialize Automake with various options. We require at least v1.9, prevent
# pedantic complaints about package files, and enable various distribution
# targets.
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 dist-bzip2 dist-zip foreign subdir-objects])
# Check for programs used in building Google Test.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_CXX
AC_LANG([C++])
AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Currently we aren't running the Python tests
# against the interpreter detected by AM_PATH_PYTHON, and so we condition
# HAVE_PYTHON by requiring "python" to be in the PATH, and that interpreter's
# version to be >= 2.3. This will allow the scripts to use a "/usr/bin/env"
# hashbang.
PYTHON= # We *do not* allow the user to specify a python interpreter
AC_PATH_PROG([PYTHON],[python],[:])
AS_IF([test "$PYTHON" != ":"],
[AM_PYTHON_CHECK_VERSION([$PYTHON],[2.3],[:],[PYTHON=":"])])
AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PYTHON],[test "$PYTHON" != ":"])
# Configure pthreads.
AC_ARG_WITH([pthreads],
[AS_HELP_STRING([--with-pthreads],
[use pthreads (default is yes)])],
[with_pthreads=$withval],
[with_pthreads=check])
have_pthreads=no
AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xno"],
[ACX_PTHREAD(
[],
[AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xcheck"],
[AC_MSG_FAILURE(
[--with-pthreads was specified, but unable to be used])])])
have_pthreads="$acx_pthread_ok"])
AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PTHREADS],[test "x$have_pthreads" = "xyes"])
AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check for the necessary system headers.
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check the types, structures, and other compiler
# and architecture characteristics.
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
# Output the generated files. No further autoconf macros may be used.
AC_OUTPUT

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If you are interested in understanding the internals of Google Test,
building from source, or contributing ideas or modifications to the
project, then this document is for you.
# Introduction #
First, let's give you some background of the project.
## Licensing ##
All Google Test source and pre-built packages are provided under the [New BSD License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php).
## The Google Test Community ##
The Google Test community exists primarily through the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) and the GitHub repository.
You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the
discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the
group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here.
### Please Be Friendly ###
Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google
culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google
Test development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course,
being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree
with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each
other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular
proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be
antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to
contribute to a discussion.
Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also
a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the
friendliest communities in all of open source.
As always, discuss Google Test in the official GoogleTest discussion group.
You don't have to actually submit code in order to sign up. Your participation
itself is a valuable contribution.
# Working with the Code #
If you want to get your hands dirty with the code inside Google Test,
this is the section for you.
## Compiling from Source ##
Once you check out the code, you can find instructions on how to
compile it in the [README](../README.md) file.
## Testing ##
A testing framework is of no good if itself is not thoroughly tested.
Tests should be written for any new code, and changes should be
verified to not break existing tests before they are submitted for
review. To perform the tests, follow the instructions in
[README](../README.md) and verify that there are no failures.
# Contributing Code #
We are excited that Google Test is now open source, and hope to get
great patches from the community. Before you fire up your favorite IDE
and begin hammering away at that new feature, though, please take the
time to read this section and understand the process. While it seems
rigorous, we want to keep a high standard of quality in the code
base.
## Contributor License Agreements ##
You must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can
accept any code. The CLA protects you and us.
* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html).
* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work to Google Test, then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html).
Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and
instructions for how to sign and return it.
## Coding Style ##
To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge,
we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/) project. All patches will be expected
to conform to the style outlined [here](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml).
## Updating Generated Code ##
Some of Google Test's source files are generated by the Pump tool (a
Python script). If you need to update such files, please modify the
source (`foo.h.pump`) and re-generate the C++ file using Pump. You
can read the PumpManual for details.
## Submitting Patches ##
Please do submit code. Here's what you need to do:
1. A submission should be a set of changes that addresses one issue in the [issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues). Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one.
1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan early also generally leads to better patches.
1. Ensure that your code adheres to the [Google Test source code style](#Coding_Style.md).
1. Ensure that there are unit tests for your code.
1. Sign a Contributor License Agreement.
1. Create a Pull Request in the usual way.
## Google Test Committers ##
The current members of the Google Test engineering team are the only
committers at present. In the great tradition of eating one's own
dogfood, we will be requiring each new Google Test engineering team
member to earn the right to become a committer by following the
procedures in this document, writing consistently great code, and
demonstrating repeatedly that he or she truly gets the zen of Google
Test.
# Release Process #
We follow a typical release process:
1. A release branch named `release-X.Y` is created.
1. Bugs are fixed and features are added in trunk; those individual patches are merged into the release branch until it's stable.
1. An individual point release (the `Z` in `X.Y.Z`) is made by creating a tag from the branch.
1. Repeat steps 2 and 3 throughout one release cycle (as determined by features or time).
1. Go back to step 1 to create another release branch and so on.
---
This page is based on the [Making GWT Better](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/makinggwtbetter.html) guide from the [Google Web Toolkit](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/) project. Except as otherwise [noted](http://code.google.com/policies.html#restrictions), the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **(the SVN trunk version)**
-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
documentation for that specific version instead.**
* [Primer](Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
* [Samples](Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
* [AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
* [XcodeGuide](XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
* [Frequently-Asked Questions](FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Test, read:
* [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [PumpManual](PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.

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# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
Google Test can help you.
So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code. Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral. Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations. (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_. Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
So let's go!
_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
as _Google Test_.
# Setting up a New Test Project #
To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
Test into a library and link your test with it. We provide build
files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
directory. If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
is the Google Test root directory).
Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
create a project or build target for your test program. Make sure you
have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test. Set up
your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
`gtest.vcproj`).
If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
tests are built and use them as examples.
# Basic Concepts #
When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
_test fixture_ class.
A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
# Assertions #
Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
which will be appended to Google Test's message.
The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
the assertion in question fails.
Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
errors.
To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
```
ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
}
```
Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
## Basic Assertions ##
These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is true |
| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is false |
Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
assertion failure means its containing test fails.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## Binary Comparison ##
This section describes assertions that compare two values.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
|`ASSERT_EQ(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `==` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`|`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);`| _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_.
Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
operator or you'll get a compiler error. We used to require the
arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc). If the corresponding
operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
evaluation order.
`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
and `wstring`).
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
_Historical note_: Before February 2016 `*_EQ` had a convention of calling it as
`ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual)`, so lots of existing code uses this order.
Now `*_EQ` treats both parameters in the same way.
## String Comparison ##
The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_str1_`, `_str_2`);` | the two C strings have the same content |
| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content |
| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
narrow strings.
A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](AdvancedGuide.md).
# Simple Tests #
To create a test:
1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
```
TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
name.
For example, let's take a simple integer function:
```
int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
```
A test case for this function might look like:
```
// Tests factorial of 0.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
}
// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
}
```
Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
case `FactorialTest`.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
objects for several different tests.
To create a fixture, just:
1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
```
TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
is for fixture.
Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
error.
Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
declaration`".
For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
1. Run the test
1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
1. Delete the test fixture. Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
has the following interface:
```
template <typename E> // E is the element type.
class Queue {
public:
Queue();
void Enqueue(const E& element);
E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
size_t size() const;
...
};
```
First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
```
class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
virtual void SetUp() {
q1_.Enqueue(1);
q2_.Enqueue(2);
q2_.Enqueue(3);
}
// virtual void TearDown() {}
Queue<int> q0_;
Queue<int> q1_;
Queue<int> q2_;
};
```
In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
```
TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
}
TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
n = q1_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
delete n;
n = q2_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
delete n;
}
```
The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
When these tests run, the following happens:
1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
1. `t1` is destructed.
1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
# Invoking the Tests #
`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
1. Saves the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
1. Deletes the fixture.
1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
tests) and thus is not supported.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Writing the main() Function #
You can start from this boilerplate:
```
#include "this/package/foo.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
namespace {
// The fixture for testing class Foo.
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
// You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
// is empty.
FooTest() {
// You can do set-up work for each test here.
}
virtual ~FooTest() {
// You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
}
// If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
// and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
virtual void SetUp() {
// Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
// before each test).
}
virtual void TearDown() {
// Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
// before the destructor).
}
// Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
};
// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
Foo f;
EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
}
// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
// Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
```
The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md).
You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
won't be properly initialized.
On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
```
__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
```
If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
```
int PullInMyLibrary();
static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
```
This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
# Where to Go from Here #
Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](Samples.md), or continue with
[AdvancedGuide](AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
# Known Limitations #
Google Test is designed to be thread-safe. The implementation is
thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available. It
is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows). In most tests this is
not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.

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If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code. The
[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
variety of Google Test features.
* [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
* [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
* [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
* [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
* [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
* [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
* [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.

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This page lists all official documentation wiki pages for Google Test **1.5.0** -- **if you use a different version of Google Test, make sure to read the documentation for that version instead.**
* [Primer](V1_5_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
* [Samples](Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
* [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
* [XcodeGuide](V1_5_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
* [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_5_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Test, read:
* DevGuide -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [PumpManual](V1_5_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.

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If you cannot find the answer to your question here, and you have read
[Primer](V1_5_Primer.md) and [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md), send it to
googletestframework@googlegroups.com.
## Why should I use Google Test instead of my favorite C++ testing framework? ##
First, let's say clearly that we don't want to get into the debate of
which C++ testing framework is **the best**. There exist many fine
frameworks for writing C++ tests, and we have tremendous respect for
the developers and users of them. We don't think there is (or will
be) a single best framework - you have to pick the right tool for the
particular task you are tackling.
We created Google Test because we couldn't find the right combination
of features and conveniences in an existing framework to satisfy _our_
needs. The following is a list of things that _we_ like about Google
Test. We don't claim them to be unique to Google Test - rather, the
combination of them makes Google Test the choice for us. We hope this
list can help you decide whether it is for you too.
* Google Test is designed to be portable. It works where many STL types (e.g. `std::string` and `std::vector`) don't compile. It doesn't require exceptions or RTTI. As a result, it runs on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows and several embedded operating systems.
* Nonfatal assertions (`EXPECT_*`) have proven to be great time savers, as they allow a test to report multiple failures in a single edit-compile-test cycle.
* It's easy to write assertions that generate informative messages: you just use the stream syntax to append any additional information, e.g. `ASSERT_EQ(5, Foo(i)) << " where i = " << i;`. It doesn't require a new set of macros or special functions.
* Google Test automatically detects your tests and doesn't require you to enumerate them in order to run them.
* No framework can anticipate all your needs, so Google Test provides `EXPECT_PRED*` to make it easy to extend your assertion vocabulary. For a nicer syntax, you can define your own assertion macros trivially in terms of `EXPECT_PRED*`.
* Death tests are pretty handy for ensuring that your asserts in production code are triggered by the right conditions.
* `SCOPED_TRACE` helps you understand the context of an assertion failure when it comes from inside a sub-routine or loop.
* You can decide which tests to run using name patterns. This saves time when you want to quickly reproduce a test failure.
## How do I generate 64-bit binaries on Windows (using Visual Studio 2008)? ##
(Answered by Trevor Robinson)
Load the supplied Visual Studio solution file, either `msvc\gtest-md.sln` or
`msvc\gtest.sln`. Go through the migration wizard to migrate the
solution and project files to Visual Studio 2008. Select
`Configuration Manager...` from the `Build` menu. Select `<New...>` from
the `Active solution platform` dropdown. Select `x64` from the new
platform dropdown, leave `Copy settings from` set to `Win32` and
`Create new project platforms` checked, then click `OK`. You now have
`Win32` and `x64` platform configurations, selectable from the
`Standard` toolbar, which allow you to toggle between building 32-bit or
64-bit binaries (or both at once using Batch Build).
In order to prevent build output files from overwriting one another,
you'll need to change the `Intermediate Directory` settings for the
newly created platform configuration across all the projects. To do
this, multi-select (e.g. using shift-click) all projects (but not the
solution) in the `Solution Explorer`. Right-click one of them and
select `Properties`. In the left pane, select `Configuration Properties`,
and from the `Configuration` dropdown, select `All Configurations`.
Make sure the selected platform is `x64`. For the
`Intermediate Directory` setting, change the value from
`$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)` to
`$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)`. Click `OK` and then build the
solution. When the build is complete, the 64-bit binaries will be in
the `msvc\x64\Debug` directory.
## Can I use Google Test on MinGW? ##
We haven't tested this ourselves, but Per Abrahamsen reported that he
was able to compile and install Google Test successfully when using
MinGW from Cygwin. You'll need to configure it with:
`PATH/TO/configure CC="gcc -mno-cygwin" CXX="g++ -mno-cygwin"`
You should be able to replace the `-mno-cygwin` option with direct links
to the real MinGW binaries, but we haven't tried that.
Caveats:
* There are many warnings when compiling.
* `make check` will produce some errors as not all tests for Google Test itself are compatible with MinGW.
We also have reports on successful cross compilation of Google Test MinGW binaries on Linux using [these instructions](http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux#Cross-compiling_under_Linux_for_MS_Windows) on the WxWidgets site.
Please contact `googletestframework@googlegroups.com` if you are
interested in improving the support for MinGW.
## Why does Google Test support EXPECT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_EQ(NULL, ptr) but not EXPECT\_NE(NULL, ptr) and ASSERT\_NE(NULL, ptr)? ##
Due to some peculiarity of C++, it requires some non-trivial template
meta programming tricks to support using `NULL` as an argument of the
`EXPECT_XX()` and `ASSERT_XX()` macros. Therefore we only do it where
it's most needed (otherwise we make the implementation of Google Test
harder to maintain and more error-prone than necessary).
The `EXPECT_EQ()` macro takes the _expected_ value as its first
argument and the _actual_ value as the second. It's reasonable that
someone wants to write `EXPECT_EQ(NULL, some_expression)`, and this
indeed was requested several times. Therefore we implemented it.
The need for `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)` isn't nearly as strong. When the
assertion fails, you already know that `ptr` must be `NULL`, so it
doesn't add any information to print ptr in this case. That means
`EXPECT_TRUE(ptr ! NULL)` works just as well.
If we were to support `EXPECT_NE(NULL, ptr)`, for consistency we'll
have to support `EXPECT_NE(ptr, NULL)` as well, as unlike `EXPECT_EQ`,
we don't have a convention on the order of the two arguments for
`EXPECT_NE`. This means using the template meta programming tricks
twice in the implementation, making it even harder to understand and
maintain. We believe the benefit doesn't justify the cost.
Finally, with the growth of Google Mock's [matcher](../../CookBook.md#using-matchers-in-google-test-assertions) library, we are
encouraging people to use the unified `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`
syntax more often in tests. One significant advantage of the matcher
approach is that matchers can be easily combined to form new matchers,
while the `EXPECT_NE`, etc, macros cannot be easily
combined. Therefore we want to invest more in the matchers than in the
`EXPECT_XX()` macros.
## Does Google Test support running tests in parallel? ##
Test runners tend to be tightly coupled with the build/test
environment, and Google Test doesn't try to solve the problem of
running tests in parallel. Instead, we tried to make Google Test work
nicely with test runners. For example, Google Test's XML report
contains the time spent on each test, and its `gtest_list_tests` and
`gtest_filter` flags can be used for splitting the execution of test
methods into multiple processes. These functionalities can help the
test runner run the tests in parallel.
## Why don't Google Test run the tests in different threads to speed things up? ##
It's difficult to write thread-safe code. Most tests are not written
with thread-safety in mind, and thus may not work correctly in a
multi-threaded setting.
If you think about it, it's already hard to make your code work when
you know what other threads are doing. It's much harder, and
sometimes even impossible, to make your code work when you don't know
what other threads are doing (remember that test methods can be added,
deleted, or modified after your test was written). If you want to run
the tests in parallel, you'd better run them in different processes.
## Why aren't Google Test assertions implemented using exceptions? ##
Our original motivation was to be able to use Google Test in projects
that disable exceptions. Later we realized some additional benefits
of this approach:
1. Throwing in a destructor is undefined behavior in C++. Not using exceptions means Google Test's assertions are safe to use in destructors.
1. The `EXPECT_*` family of macros will continue even after a failure, allowing multiple failures in a `TEST` to be reported in a single run. This is a popular feature, as in C++ the edit-compile-test cycle is usually quite long and being able to fixing more than one thing at a time is a blessing.
1. If assertions are implemented using exceptions, a test may falsely ignore a failure if it's caught by user code:
```
try { ... ASSERT_TRUE(...) ... }
catch (...) { ... }
```
The above code will pass even if the `ASSERT_TRUE` throws. While it's unlikely for someone to write this in a test, it's possible to run into this pattern when you write assertions in callbacks that are called by the code under test.
The downside of not using exceptions is that `ASSERT_*` (implemented
using `return`) will only abort the current function, not the current
`TEST`.
## Why do we use two different macros for tests with and without fixtures? ##
Unfortunately, C++'s macro system doesn't allow us to use the same
macro for both cases. One possibility is to provide only one macro
for tests with fixtures, and require the user to define an empty
fixture sometimes:
```
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {};
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThis) { ... }
```
or
```
typedef ::testing::Test FooTest;
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesThat) { ... }
```
Yet, many people think this is one line too many. :-) Our goal was to
make it really easy to write tests, so we tried to make simple tests
trivial to create. That means using a separate macro for such tests.
We think neither approach is ideal, yet either of them is reasonable.
In the end, it probably doesn't matter much either way.
## Why don't we use structs as test fixtures? ##
We like to use structs only when representing passive data. This
distinction between structs and classes is good for documenting the
intent of the code's author. Since test fixtures have logic like
`SetUp()` and `TearDown()`, they are better defined as classes.
## Why are death tests implemented as assertions instead of using a test runner? ##
Our goal was to make death tests as convenient for a user as C++
possibly allows. In particular:
* The runner-style requires to split the information into two pieces: the definition of the death test itself, and the specification for the runner on how to run the death test and what to expect. The death test would be written in C++, while the runner spec may or may not be. A user needs to carefully keep the two in sync. `ASSERT_DEATH(statement, expected_message)` specifies all necessary information in one place, in one language, without boilerplate code. It is very declarative.
* `ASSERT_DEATH` has a similar syntax and error-reporting semantics as other Google Test assertions, and thus is easy to learn.
* `ASSERT_DEATH` can be mixed with other assertions and other logic at your will. You are not limited to one death test per test method. For example, you can write something like:
```
if (FooCondition()) {
ASSERT_DEATH(Bar(), "blah");
} else {
ASSERT_EQ(5, Bar());
}
```
If you prefer one death test per test method, you can write your tests in that style too, but we don't want to impose that on the users. The fewer artificial limitations the better.
* `ASSERT_DEATH` can reference local variables in the current function, and you can decide how many death tests you want based on run-time information. For example,
```
const int count = GetCount(); // Only known at run time.
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
ASSERT_DEATH({
double* buffer = new double[i];
... initializes buffer ...
Foo(buffer, i)
}, "blah blah");
}
```
The runner-based approach tends to be more static and less flexible, or requires more user effort to get this kind of flexibility.
Another interesting thing about `ASSERT_DEATH` is that it calls `fork()`
to create a child process to run the death test. This is lightening
fast, as `fork()` uses copy-on-write pages and incurs almost zero
overhead, and the child process starts from the user-supplied
statement directly, skipping all global and local initialization and
any code leading to the given statement. If you launch the child
process from scratch, it can take seconds just to load everything and
start running if the test links to many libraries dynamically.
## My death test modifies some state, but the change seems lost after the death test finishes. Why? ##
Death tests (`EXPECT_DEATH`, etc) are executed in a sub-process s.t. the
expected crash won't kill the test program (i.e. the parent process). As a
result, any in-memory side effects they incur are observable in their
respective sub-processes, but not in the parent process. You can think of them
as running in a parallel universe, more or less.
## The compiler complains about "undefined references" to some static const member variables, but I did define them in the class body. What's wrong? ##
If your class has a static data member:
```
// foo.h
class Foo {
...
static const int kBar = 100;
};
```
You also need to define it _outside_ of the class body in `foo.cc`:
```
const int Foo::kBar; // No initializer here.
```
Otherwise your code is **invalid C++**, and may break in unexpected ways. In
particular, using it in Google Test comparison assertions (`EXPECT_EQ`, etc)
will generate an "undefined reference" linker error.
## I have an interface that has several implementations. Can I write a set of tests once and repeat them over all the implementations? ##
Google Test doesn't yet have good support for this kind of tests, or
data-driven tests in general. We hope to be able to make improvements in this
area soon.
## Can I derive a test fixture from another? ##
Yes.
Each test fixture has a corresponding and same named test case. This means only
one test case can use a particular fixture. Sometimes, however, multiple test
cases may want to use the same or slightly different fixtures. For example, you
may want to make sure that all of a GUI library's test cases don't leak
important system resources like fonts and brushes.
In Google Test, you share a fixture among test cases by putting the shared
logic in a base test fixture, then deriving from that base a separate fixture
for each test case that wants to use this common logic. You then use `TEST_F()`
to write tests using each derived fixture.
Typically, your code looks like this:
```
// Defines a base test fixture.
class BaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
...
};
// Derives a fixture FooTest from BaseTest.
class FooTest : public BaseTest {
protected:
virtual void SetUp() {
BaseTest::SetUp(); // Sets up the base fixture first.
... additional set-up work ...
}
virtual void TearDown() {
... clean-up work for FooTest ...
BaseTest::TearDown(); // Remember to tear down the base fixture
// after cleaning up FooTest!
}
... functions and variables for FooTest ...
};
// Tests that use the fixture FooTest.
TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
... additional fixtures derived from BaseTest ...
```
If necessary, you can continue to derive test fixtures from a derived fixture.
Google Test has no limit on how deep the hierarchy can be.
For a complete example using derived test fixtures, see
`samples/sample5_unittest.cc`.
## My compiler complains "void value not ignored as it ought to be." What does this mean? ##
You're probably using an `ASSERT_*()` in a function that doesn't return `void`.
`ASSERT_*()` can only be used in `void` functions.
## My death test hangs (or seg-faults). How do I fix it? ##
In Google Test, death tests are run in a child process and the way they work is
delicate. To write death tests you really need to understand how they work.
Please make sure you have read this.
In particular, death tests don't like having multiple threads in the parent
process. So the first thing you can try is to eliminate creating threads
outside of `EXPECT_DEATH()`.
Sometimes this is impossible as some library you must use may be creating
threads before `main()` is even reached. In this case, you can try to minimize
the chance of conflicts by either moving as many activities as possible inside
`EXPECT_DEATH()` (in the extreme case, you want to move everything inside), or
leaving as few things as possible in it. Also, you can try to set the death
test style to `"threadsafe"`, which is safer but slower, and see if it helps.
If you go with thread-safe death tests, remember that they rerun the test
program from the beginning in the child process. Therefore make sure your
program can run side-by-side with itself and is deterministic.
In the end, this boils down to good concurrent programming. You have to make
sure that there is no race conditions or dead locks in your program. No silver
bullet - sorry!
## Should I use the constructor/destructor of the test fixture or the set-up/tear-down function? ##
The first thing to remember is that Google Test does not reuse the
same test fixture object across multiple tests. For each `TEST_F`,
Google Test will create a fresh test fixture object, _immediately_
call `SetUp()`, run the test, call `TearDown()`, and then
_immediately_ delete the test fixture object. Therefore, there is no
need to write a `SetUp()` or `TearDown()` function if the constructor
or destructor already does the job.
You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following cases:
* If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
* The Google Test team is considering making the assertion macros throw on platforms where exceptions are enabled (e.g. Windows, Mac OS, and Linux client-side), which will eliminate the need for the user to propagate failures from a subroutine to its caller. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if your code could run on such a platform.
* In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
If the predicate function you use in `ASSERT_PRED*` or `EXPECT_PRED*` is
overloaded or a template, the compiler will have trouble figuring out which
overloaded version it should use. `ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*` and
`EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT*` don't have this problem.
If you see this error, you might want to switch to
`(ASSERT|EXPECT)_PRED_FORMAT*`, which will also give you a better failure
message. If, however, that is not an option, you can resolve the problem by
explicitly telling the compiler which version to pick.
For example, suppose you have
```
bool IsPositive(int n) {
return n > 0;
}
bool IsPositive(double x) {
return x > 0;
}
```
you will get a compiler error if you write
```
EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositive, 5);
```
However, this will work:
```
EXPECT_PRED1(*static_cast<bool (*)(int)>*(IsPositive), 5);
```
(The stuff inside the angled brackets for the `static_cast` operator is the
type of the function pointer for the `int`-version of `IsPositive()`.)
As another example, when you have a template function
```
template <typename T>
bool IsNegative(T x) {
return x < 0;
}
```
you can use it in a predicate assertion like this:
```
ASSERT_PRED1(IsNegative*<int>*, -5);
```
Things are more interesting if your template has more than one parameters. The
following won't compile:
```
ASSERT_PRED2(*GreaterThan<int, int>*, 5, 0);
```
as the C++ pre-processor thinks you are giving `ASSERT_PRED2` 4 arguments,
which is one more than expected. The workaround is to wrap the predicate
function in parentheses:
```
ASSERT_PRED2(*(GreaterThan<int, int>)*, 5, 0);
```
## My compiler complains about "ignoring return value" when I call RUN\_ALL\_TESTS(). Why? ##
Some people had been ignoring the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`. That is,
instead of
```
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
```
they write
```
RUN_ALL_TESTS();
```
This is wrong and dangerous. A test runner needs to see the return value of
`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` in order to determine if a test has passed. If your `main()`
function ignores it, your test will be considered successful even if it has a
Google Test assertion failure. Very bad.
To help the users avoid this dangerous bug, the implementation of
`RUN_ALL_TESTS()` causes gcc to raise this warning, when the return value is
ignored. If you see this warning, the fix is simple: just make sure its value
is used as the return value of `main()`.
## My compiler complains that a constructor (or destructor) cannot return a value. What's going on? ##
Due to a peculiarity of C++, in order to support the syntax for streaming
messages to an `ASSERT_*`, e.g.
```
ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo()) << "blah blah" << foo;
```
we had to give up using `ASSERT*` and `FAIL*` (but not `EXPECT*` and
`ADD_FAILURE*`) in constructors and destructors. The workaround is to move the
content of your constructor/destructor to a private void member function, or
switch to `EXPECT_*()` if that works. This section in the user's guide explains
it.
## My set-up function is not called. Why? ##
C++ is case-sensitive. It should be spelled as `SetUp()`. Did you
spell it as `Setup()`?
Similarly, sometimes people spell `SetUpTestCase()` as `SetupTestCase()` and
wonder why it's never called.
## How do I jump to the line of a failure in Emacs directly? ##
Google Test's failure message format is understood by Emacs and many other
IDEs, like acme and XCode. If a Google Test message is in a compilation buffer
in Emacs, then it's clickable. You can now hit `enter` on a message to jump to
the corresponding source code, or use `C-x `` to jump to the next failure.
## I have several test cases which share the same test fixture logic, do I have to define a new test fixture class for each of them? This seems pretty tedious. ##
You don't have to. Instead of
```
class FooTest : public BaseTest {};
TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
class BarTest : public BaseTest {};
TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
```
you can simply `typedef` the test fixtures:
```
typedef BaseTest FooTest;
TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
typedef BaseTest BarTest;
TEST_F(BarTest, Abc) { ... }
TEST_F(BarTest, Def) { ... }
```
## The Google Test output is buried in a whole bunch of log messages. What do I do? ##
The Google Test output is meant to be a concise and human-friendly report. If
your test generates textual output itself, it will mix with the Google Test
output, making it hard to read. However, there is an easy solution to this
problem.
Since most log messages go to stderr, we decided to let Google Test output go
to stdout. This way, you can easily separate the two using redirection. For
example:
```
./my_test > googletest_output.txt
```
## Why should I prefer test fixtures over global variables? ##
There are several good reasons:
1. It's likely your test needs to change the states of its global variables. This makes it difficult to keep side effects from escaping one test and contaminating others, making debugging difficult. By using fixtures, each test has a fresh set of variables that's different (but with the same names). Thus, tests are kept independent of each other.
1. Global variables pollute the global namespace.
1. Test fixtures can be reused via subclassing, which cannot be done easily with global variables. This is useful if many test cases have something in common.
## How do I test private class members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
You should try to write testable code, which means classes should be easily
tested from their public interface. One way to achieve this is the Pimpl idiom:
you move all private members of a class into a helper class, and make all
members of the helper class public.
You have several other options that don't require using `FRIEND_TEST`:
* Write the tests as members of the fixture class:
```
class Foo {
friend class FooTest;
...
};
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
...
void Test1() {...} // This accesses private members of class Foo.
void Test2() {...} // So does this one.
};
TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
Test1();
}
TEST_F(FooTest, Test2) {
Test2();
}
```
* In the fixture class, write accessors for the tested class' private members, then use the accessors in your tests:
```
class Foo {
friend class FooTest;
...
};
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
...
T1 get_private_member1(Foo* obj) {
return obj->private_member1_;
}
};
TEST_F(FooTest, Test1) {
...
get_private_member1(x)
...
}
```
* If the methods are declared **protected**, you can change their access level in a test-only subclass:
```
class YourClass {
...
protected: // protected access for testability.
int DoSomethingReturningInt();
...
};
// in the your_class_test.cc file:
class TestableYourClass : public YourClass {
...
public: using YourClass::DoSomethingReturningInt; // changes access rights
...
};
TEST_F(YourClassTest, DoSomethingTest) {
TestableYourClass obj;
assertEquals(expected_value, obj.DoSomethingReturningInt());
}
```
## How do I test private class static members without writing FRIEND\_TEST()s? ##
We find private static methods clutter the header file. They are
implementation details and ideally should be kept out of a .h. So often I make
them free functions instead.
Instead of:
```
// foo.h
class Foo {
...
private:
static bool Func(int n);
};
// foo.cc
bool Foo::Func(int n) { ... }
// foo_test.cc
EXPECT_TRUE(Foo::Func(12345));
```
You probably should better write:
```
// foo.h
class Foo {
...
};
// foo.cc
namespace internal {
bool Func(int n) { ... }
}
// foo_test.cc
namespace internal {
bool Func(int n);
}
EXPECT_TRUE(internal::Func(12345));
```
## I would like to run a test several times with different parameters. Do I need to write several similar copies of it? ##
No. You can use a feature called [value-parameterized tests](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md#Value_Parameterized_Tests) which
lets you repeat your tests with different parameters, without defining it more than once.
## How do I test a file that defines main()? ##
To test a `foo.cc` file, you need to compile and link it into your unit test
program. However, when the file contains a definition for the `main()`
function, it will clash with the `main()` of your unit test, and will result in
a build error.
The right solution is to split it into three files:
1. `foo.h` which contains the declarations,
1. `foo.cc` which contains the definitions except `main()`, and
1. `foo_main.cc` which contains nothing but the definition of `main()`.
Then `foo.cc` can be easily tested.
If you are adding tests to an existing file and don't want an intrusive change
like this, there is a hack: just include the entire `foo.cc` file in your unit
test. For example:
```
// File foo_unittest.cc
// The headers section
...
// Renames main() in foo.cc to make room for the unit test main()
#define main FooMain
#include "a/b/foo.cc"
// The tests start here.
...
```
However, please remember this is a hack and should only be used as the last
resort.
## What can the statement argument in ASSERT\_DEATH() be? ##
`ASSERT_DEATH(_statement_, _regex_)` (or any death assertion macro) can be used
wherever `_statement_` is valid. So basically `_statement_` can be any C++
statement that makes sense in the current context. In particular, it can
reference global and/or local variables, and can be:
* a simple function call (often the case),
* a complex expression, or
* a compound statement.
> Some examples are shown here:
```
// A death test can be a simple function call.
TEST(MyDeathTest, FunctionCall) {
ASSERT_DEATH(Xyz(5), "Xyz failed");
}
// Or a complex expression that references variables and functions.
TEST(MyDeathTest, ComplexExpression) {
const bool c = Condition();
ASSERT_DEATH((c ? Func1(0) : object2.Method("test")),
"(Func1|Method) failed");
}
// Death assertions can be used any where in a function. In
// particular, they can be inside a loop.
TEST(MyDeathTest, InsideLoop) {
// Verifies that Foo(0), Foo(1), ..., and Foo(4) all die.
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
EXPECT_DEATH_M(Foo(i), "Foo has \\d+ errors",
::testing::Message() << "where i is " << i);
}
}
// A death assertion can contain a compound statement.
TEST(MyDeathTest, CompoundStatement) {
// Verifies that at lease one of Bar(0), Bar(1), ..., and
// Bar(4) dies.
ASSERT_DEATH({
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
Bar(i);
}
},
"Bar has \\d+ errors");}
```
`googletest_unittest.cc` contains more examples if you are interested.
## What syntax does the regular expression in ASSERT\_DEATH use? ##
On POSIX systems, Google Test uses the POSIX Extended regular
expression syntax
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions). On
Windows, it uses a limited variant of regular expression syntax. For
more details, see the [regular expression syntax](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md#Regular_Expression_Syntax).
## I have a fixture class Foo, but TEST\_F(Foo, Bar) gives me error "no matching function for call to Foo::Foo()". Why? ##
Google Test needs to be able to create objects of your test fixture class, so
it must have a default constructor. Normally the compiler will define one for
you. However, there are cases where you have to define your own:
* If you explicitly declare a non-default constructor for class `Foo`, then you need to define a default constructor, even if it would be empty.
* If `Foo` has a const non-static data member, then you have to define the default constructor _and_ initialize the const member in the initializer list of the constructor. (Early versions of `gcc` doesn't force you to initialize the const member. It's a bug that has been fixed in `gcc 4`.)
## Why does ASSERT\_DEATH complain about previous threads that were already joined? ##
With the Linux pthread library, there is no turning back once you cross the
line from single thread to multiple threads. The first time you create a
thread, a manager thread is created in addition, so you get 3, not 2, threads.
Later when the thread you create joins the main thread, the thread count
decrements by 1, but the manager thread will never be killed, so you still have
2 threads, which means you cannot safely run a death test.
The new NPTL thread library doesn't suffer from this problem, as it doesn't
create a manager thread. However, if you don't control which machine your test
runs on, you shouldn't depend on this.
## Why does Google Test require the entire test case, instead of individual tests, to be named FOODeathTest when it uses ASSERT\_DEATH? ##
Google Test does not interleave tests from different test cases. That is, it
runs all tests in one test case first, and then runs all tests in the next test
case, and so on. Google Test does this because it needs to set up a test case
before the first test in it is run, and tear it down afterwords. Splitting up
the test case would require multiple set-up and tear-down processes, which is
inefficient and makes the semantics unclean.
If we were to determine the order of tests based on test name instead of test
case name, then we would have a problem with the following situation:
```
TEST_F(FooTest, AbcDeathTest) { ... }
TEST_F(FooTest, Uvw) { ... }
TEST_F(BarTest, DefDeathTest) { ... }
TEST_F(BarTest, Xyz) { ... }
```
Since `FooTest.AbcDeathTest` needs to run before `BarTest.Xyz`, and we don't
interleave tests from different test cases, we need to run all tests in the
`FooTest` case before running any test in the `BarTest` case. This contradicts
with the requirement to run `BarTest.DefDeathTest` before `FooTest.Uvw`.
## But I don't like calling my entire test case FOODeathTest when it contains both death tests and non-death tests. What do I do? ##
You don't have to, but if you like, you may split up the test case into
`FooTest` and `FooDeathTest`, where the names make it clear that they are
related:
```
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test { ... };
TEST_F(FooTest, Abc) { ... }
TEST_F(FooTest, Def) { ... }
typedef FooTest FooDeathTest;
TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Uvw) { ... EXPECT_DEATH(...) ... }
TEST_F(FooDeathTest, Xyz) { ... ASSERT_DEATH(...) ... }
```
## The compiler complains about "no match for 'operator<<'" when I use an assertion. What gives? ##
If you use a user-defined type `FooType` in an assertion, you must make sure
there is an `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const FooType&)` function
defined such that we can print a value of `FooType`.
In addition, if `FooType` is declared in a name space, the `<<` operator also
needs to be defined in the _same_ name space.
## How do I suppress the memory leak messages on Windows? ##
Since the statically initialized Google Test singleton requires allocations on
the heap, the Visual C++ memory leak detector will report memory leaks at the
end of the program run. The easiest way to avoid this is to use the
`_CrtMemCheckpoint` and `_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince` calls to not report any
statically initialized heap objects. See MSDN for more details and additional
heap check/debug routines.
## I am building my project with Google Test in Visual Studio and all I'm getting is a bunch of linker errors (or warnings). Help! ##
You may get a number of the following linker error or warnings if you
attempt to link your test project with the Google Test library when
your project and the are not built using the same compiler settings.
* LNK2005: symbol already defined in object
* LNK4217: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported in function 'function'
* LNK4049: locally defined symbol 'symbol' imported
The Google Test project (gtest.vcproj) has the Runtime Library option
set to /MT (use multi-threaded static libraries, /MTd for debug). If
your project uses something else, for example /MD (use multi-threaded
DLLs, /MDd for debug), you need to change the setting in the Google
Test project to match your project's.
To update this setting open the project properties in the Visual
Studio IDE then select the branch Configuration Properties | C/C++ |
Code Generation and change the option "Runtime Library". You may also try
using gtest-md.vcproj instead of gtest.vcproj.
## I put my tests in a library and Google Test doesn't run them. What's happening? ##
Have you read a
[warning](V1_5_Primer.md#important-note-for-visual-c-users) on
the Google Test Primer page?
## I want to use Google Test with Visual Studio but don't know where to start. ##
Many people are in your position and one of the posted his solution to
our mailing list. Here is his link:
http://hassanjamilahmad.blogspot.com/2009/07/gtest-starters-help.html.
## My question is not covered in your FAQ! ##
If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
some other resources you can use:
1. read other [wiki pages](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/w/list),
1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework/topics),
1. ask it on [googletestframework@googlegroups.com](mailto:googletestframework@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) before you can post.).
Please note that creating an issue in the
[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/issues/list) is _not_
a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
very small number of people.
When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
not enough information in your question):
* the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Test you use (Google Test is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
* your operating system,
* the name and version of your compiler,
* the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
* the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
* the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.

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@ -1,497 +0,0 @@
# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
Google Test can help you.
So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code. Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral. Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations. (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_. Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
So let's go!
_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
as _Google Test_.
# Setting up a New Test Project #
To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
Test into a library and link your test with it. We provide build
files for some popular build systems (`msvc/` for Visual Studio,
`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
C++ Builder, and the autotools script in the
Google Test root directory). If your build system is not on this
list, you can take a look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test
should be compiled (basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc`
with `GTEST_ROOT` and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path,
where `GTEST_ROOT` is the Google Test root directory).
Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
create a project or build target for your test program. Make sure you
have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
compiler can find `<gtest/gtest.h>` when compiling your test. Set up
your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
`gtest.vcproj`).
If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
tests are built and use them as examples.
# Basic Concepts #
When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
_test fixture_ class.
A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
# Assertions #
Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
which will be appended to Google Test's message.
The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
the assertion in question fails.
Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
errors.
To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
```
ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
}
```
Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
## Basic Assertions ##
These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is true |
| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is false |
Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
assertion failure means its containing test fails.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## Binary Comparison ##
This section describes assertions that compare two values.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison operator or
you'll get a compiler error. Values must also support the `<<` operator for
streaming to an `ostream`. All built-in types support this.
These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc). If the corresponding
operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
evaluation order.
`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
and `wstring`).
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## String Comparison ##
The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content |
| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content |
| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
narrow strings.
A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
regular expression matching, for example), see the [AdvancedGuide Advanced
Google Test Guide].
# Simple Tests #
To create a test:
1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
```
TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
test case. Remember that a test case can contain any number of individual
tests. A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
name.
For example, let's take a simple integer function:
```
int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
```
A test case for this function might look like:
```
// Tests factorial of 0.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
}
// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
}
```
Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
case `FactorialTest`.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
objects for several different tests.
To create a fixture, just:
1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_5_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
```
TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
is for fixture.
Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
error.
Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
declaration`".
For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
1. Run the test
1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
1. Delete the test fixture. Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
has the following interface:
```
template <typename E> // E is the element type.
class Queue {
public:
Queue();
void Enqueue(const E& element);
E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
size_t size() const;
...
};
```
First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
```
class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
virtual void SetUp() {
q1_.Enqueue(1);
q2_.Enqueue(2);
q2_.Enqueue(3);
}
// virtual void TearDown() {}
Queue<int> q0_;
Queue<int> q1_;
Queue<int> q2_;
};
```
In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
```
TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
}
TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
n = q1_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
delete n;
n = q2_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
delete n;
}
```
The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
When these tests run, the following happens:
1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
1. `t1` is destructed.
1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
# Invoking the Tests #
`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
1. Saves the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
1. Deletes the fixture.
1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
tests) and thus is not supported.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Writing the main() Function #
You can start from this boilerplate:
```
#include "this/package/foo.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
namespace {
// The fixture for testing class Foo.
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
// You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
// is empty.
FooTest() {
// You can do set-up work for each test here.
}
virtual ~FooTest() {
// You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
}
// If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
// and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
virtual void SetUp() {
// Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
// before each test).
}
virtual void TearDown() {
// Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
// before the destructor).
}
// Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
};
// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
Foo f;
EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
}
// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
// Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
```
The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md).
You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
won't be properly initialized.
On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
```
__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
```
If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
```
int PullInMyLibrary();
static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
```
This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
# Where to Go from Here #
Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](Samples.md), or continue with
[AdvancedGuide](V1_5_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
# Known Limitations #
Google Test is designed to be thread-safe. The implementation is
thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available. It
is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows). In most tests this is
not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.

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<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
# The Problem #
Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
error-prone work.
Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers. Thus they
are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
painful when experimenting with the code.
# Our Solution #
Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
maintain.
## Highlights ##
* The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
* Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
* The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
* The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
## Examples ##
The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
```
$var n = 3 $$ Defines a meta variable n.
$range i 0..n $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
$for i [[
$$ Meta loop.
// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
$range j 1..i
template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
class Foo$i {
$if i == 0 [[
blah a;
]] $elif i <= 2 [[
blah b;
]] $else [[
blah c;
]]
};
]]
```
will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
```
// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
template <size_t N>
class Foo0 {
blah a;
};
// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1>
class Foo1 {
blah b;
};
// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
class Foo2 {
blah b;
};
// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
class Foo3 {
blah c;
};
```
In another example,
```
$range i 1..n
Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
```
will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
```
Func(); // If n is 0.
Func(a1); // If n is 1.
Func(a1 + a2); // If n is 2.
Func(a1 + a2 + a3); // If n is 3.
// And so on...
```
## Constructs ##
We support the following meta programming constructs:
| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| $range id exp..exp | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later. |
| $for id sep [[code ](.md)] | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`. |
| `$($)` | Generates a single `$` character. |
| `$id` | Value of the named constant or iteration variable. |
| `$(exp)` | Value of the expression. |
| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional. |
| `[[ code ]]` | Meta lexical block. |
| `cpp_code` | Raw C++ code. |
| `$$ comment` | Meta comment. |
**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
up in your output.
## Grammar ##
```
code ::= atomic_code*
atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
| $var id = [[ code ]]
| $range id exp..exp
| $for id sep [[ code ]]
| $($)
| $id
| $(exp)
| $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| [[ code ]]
| cpp_code
sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
| $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| empty_string
exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
```
## Code ##
You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/browse/trunk/scripts/pump.py). It is still
very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
project, please let us know what you think! We also welcome help on
improving Pump.
## Real Examples ##
You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com). The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
## Tips ##
* If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
* To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.

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This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
# Quick Start #
Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
1. Build and Go
The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
# Get the Source #
Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
```
svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
```
Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
```
[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
```
# Add the Framework to Your Project #
The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
* **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
* **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
# Make a Test Target #
To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
* **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
* **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
Reason: image not found
```
To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
# Build and Go #
Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
[ PASSED ] 2 tests.
The Debugger has exited with status 0.
```
# Summary #
Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.

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This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **1.6**
-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
documentation for that specific version instead.**
* [Primer](V1_6_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
* [Samples](V1_6_Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
* [AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
* [XcodeGuide](V1_6_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
* [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_6_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Test, read:
* [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [PumpManual](V1_6_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.

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# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
Google Test can help you.
So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code. Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral. Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations. (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_. Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
So let's go!
_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
as _Google Test_.
# Setting up a New Test Project #
To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
Test into a library and link your test with it. We provide build
files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
directory. If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
is the Google Test root directory).
Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
create a project or build target for your test program. Make sure you
have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test. Set up
your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
`gtest.vcproj`).
If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
tests are built and use them as examples.
# Basic Concepts #
When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
_test fixture_ class.
A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
# Assertions #
Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
which will be appended to Google Test's message.
The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
the assertion in question fails.
Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
errors.
To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
```
ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
}
```
Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
## Basic Assertions ##
These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is true |
| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is false |
Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
assertion failure means its containing test fails.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## Binary Comparison ##
This section describes assertions that compare two values.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
operator or you'll get a compiler error. We used to require the
arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc). If the corresponding
operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
evaluation order.
`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
and `wstring`).
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## String Comparison ##
The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content |
| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content |
| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
narrow strings.
A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md).
# Simple Tests #
To create a test:
1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
```
TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
name.
For example, let's take a simple integer function:
```
int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
```
A test case for this function might look like:
```
// Tests factorial of 0.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
}
// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
}
```
Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
case `FactorialTest`.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
objects for several different tests.
To create a fixture, just:
1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_6_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
```
TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
is for fixture.
Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
error.
Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
declaration`".
For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
1. Run the test
1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
1. Delete the test fixture. Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
has the following interface:
```
template <typename E> // E is the element type.
class Queue {
public:
Queue();
void Enqueue(const E& element);
E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
size_t size() const;
...
};
```
First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
```
class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
virtual void SetUp() {
q1_.Enqueue(1);
q2_.Enqueue(2);
q2_.Enqueue(3);
}
// virtual void TearDown() {}
Queue<int> q0_;
Queue<int> q1_;
Queue<int> q2_;
};
```
In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
```
TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
}
TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
n = q1_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
delete n;
n = q2_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
delete n;
}
```
The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
When these tests run, the following happens:
1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
1. `t1` is destructed.
1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
# Invoking the Tests #
`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
1. Saves the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
1. Deletes the fixture.
1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
tests) and thus is not supported.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Writing the main() Function #
You can start from this boilerplate:
```
#include "this/package/foo.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
namespace {
// The fixture for testing class Foo.
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
// You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
// is empty.
FooTest() {
// You can do set-up work for each test here.
}
virtual ~FooTest() {
// You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
}
// If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
// and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
virtual void SetUp() {
// Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
// before each test).
}
virtual void TearDown() {
// Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
// before the destructor).
}
// Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
};
// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
Foo f;
EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
}
// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
// Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
```
The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md).
You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
won't be properly initialized.
On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
```
__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
```
If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
```
int PullInMyLibrary();
static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
```
This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
# Where to Go from Here #
Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](V1_6_Samples.md), or continue with
[AdvancedGuide](V1_6_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
# Known Limitations #
Google Test is designed to be thread-safe. The implementation is
thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available. It
is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows). In most tests this is
not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.

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<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
# The Problem #
Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
error-prone work.
Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers. Thus they
are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
painful when experimenting with the code.
# Our Solution #
Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
maintain.
## Highlights ##
* The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
* Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
* The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
* The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
## Examples ##
The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
```
$var n = 3 $$ Defines a meta variable n.
$range i 0..n $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
$for i [[
$$ Meta loop.
// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
$range j 1..i
template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
class Foo$i {
$if i == 0 [[
blah a;
]] $elif i <= 2 [[
blah b;
]] $else [[
blah c;
]]
};
]]
```
will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
```
// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
template <size_t N>
class Foo0 {
blah a;
};
// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1>
class Foo1 {
blah b;
};
// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
class Foo2 {
blah b;
};
// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
class Foo3 {
blah c;
};
```
In another example,
```
$range i 1..n
Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
```
will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
```
Func(); // If n is 0.
Func(a1); // If n is 1.
Func(a1 + a2); // If n is 2.
Func(a1 + a2 + a3); // If n is 3.
// And so on...
```
## Constructs ##
We support the following meta programming constructs:
| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later. |
| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`. |
| `$($)` | Generates a single `$` character. |
| `$id` | Value of the named constant or iteration variable. |
| `$(exp)` | Value of the expression. |
| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional. |
| `[[ code ]]` | Meta lexical block. |
| `cpp_code` | Raw C++ code. |
| `$$ comment` | Meta comment. |
**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
up in your output.
## Grammar ##
```
code ::= atomic_code*
atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
| $var id = [[ code ]]
| $range id exp..exp
| $for id sep [[ code ]]
| $($)
| $id
| $(exp)
| $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| [[ code ]]
| cpp_code
sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
| $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| empty_string
exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
```
## Code ##
You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still
very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
project, please let us know what you think! We also welcome help on
improving Pump.
## Real Examples ##
You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com). The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
## Tips ##
* If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
* To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.

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If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code. The
[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
variety of Google Test features.
* [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
* [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
* [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
* [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
* [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
* [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
* [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.

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This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
# Quick Start #
Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
1. Build and Go
The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
# Get the Source #
Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
```
svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
```
Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
```
[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
```
# Add the Framework to Your Project #
The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
* **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
* **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
# Make a Test Target #
To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
* **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
* **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
Reason: image not found
```
To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
# Build and Go #
Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
[ PASSED ] 2 tests.
The Debugger has exited with status 0.
```
# Summary #
Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.

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This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Test **(the SVN trunk version)**
-- **if you use a released version of Google Test, please read the
documentation for that specific version instead.**
* [Primer](V1_7_Primer.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Test.
* [Samples](V1_7_Samples.md) -- learn from examples.
* [AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md) -- learn more about Google Test.
* [XcodeGuide](V1_7_XcodeGuide.md) -- how to use Google Test in Xcode on Mac.
* [Frequently-Asked Questions](V1_7_FAQ.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Test, read:
* [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [PumpManual](V1_7_PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Test's source files.

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# Introduction: Why Google C++ Testing Framework? #
_Google C++ Testing Framework_ helps you write better C++ tests.
No matter whether you work on Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code,
Google Test can help you.
So what makes a good test, and how does Google C++ Testing Framework fit in? We believe:
1. Tests should be _independent_ and _repeatable_. It's a pain to debug a test that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. Google C++ Testing Framework isolates the tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails, Google C++ Testing Framework allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
1. Tests should be well _organized_ and reflect the structure of the tested code. Google C++ Testing Framework groups related tests into test cases that can share data and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch projects and start to work on a new code base.
1. Tests should be _portable_ and _reusable_. The open-source community has a lot of code that is platform-neutral, its tests should also be platform-neutral. Google C++ Testing Framework works on different OSes, with different compilers (gcc, MSVC, and others), with or without exceptions, so Google C++ Testing Framework tests can easily work with a variety of configurations. (Note that the current release only contains build scripts for Linux - we are actively working on scripts for other platforms.)
1. When tests fail, they should provide as much _information_ about the problem as possible. Google C++ Testing Framework doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues. Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile cycle.
1. The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores and let them focus on the test _content_. Google C++ Testing Framework automatically keeps track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them in order to run them.
1. Tests should be _fast_. With Google C++ Testing Framework, you can reuse shared resources across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making tests depend on each other.
Since Google C++ Testing Framework is based on the popular xUnit
architecture, you'll feel right at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before.
If not, it will take you about 10 minutes to learn the basics and get started.
So let's go!
_Note:_ We sometimes refer to Google C++ Testing Framework informally
as _Google Test_.
# Setting up a New Test Project #
To write a test program using Google Test, you need to compile Google
Test into a library and link your test with it. We provide build
files for some popular build systems: `msvc/` for Visual Studio,
`xcode/` for Mac Xcode, `make/` for GNU make, `codegear/` for Borland
C++ Builder, and the autotools script (deprecated) and
`CMakeLists.txt` for CMake (recommended) in the Google Test root
directory. If your build system is not on this list, you can take a
look at `make/Makefile` to learn how Google Test should be compiled
(basically you want to compile `src/gtest-all.cc` with `GTEST_ROOT`
and `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path, where `GTEST_ROOT`
is the Google Test root directory).
Once you are able to compile the Google Test library, you should
create a project or build target for your test program. Make sure you
have `GTEST_ROOT/include` in the header search path so that the
compiler can find `"gtest/gtest.h"` when compiling your test. Set up
your test project to link with the Google Test library (for example,
in Visual Studio, this is done by adding a dependency on
`gtest.vcproj`).
If you still have questions, take a look at how Google Test's own
tests are built and use them as examples.
# Basic Concepts #
When using Google Test, you start by writing _assertions_, which are statements
that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be _success_,
_nonfatal failure_, or _fatal failure_. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts
the current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
_Tests_ use assertions to verify the tested code's behavior. If a test crashes
or has a failed assertion, then it _fails_; otherwise it _succeeds_.
A _test case_ contains one or many tests. You should group your tests into test
cases that reflect the structure of the tested code. When multiple tests in a
test case need to share common objects and subroutines, you can put them into a
_test fixture_ class.
A _test program_ can contain multiple test cases.
We'll now explain how to write a test program, starting at the individual
assertion level and building up to tests and test cases.
# Assertions #
Google Test assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a
class or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion
fails, Google Test prints the assertion's source file and line number location,
along with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message
which will be appended to Google Test's message.
The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different
effects on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures
when they fail, and **abort the current function**. `EXPECT_*` versions generate
nonfatal failures, which don't abort the current function. Usually `EXPECT_*`
are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test.
However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn't make sense to continue when
the assertion in question fails.
Since a failed `ASSERT_*` returns from the current function immediately,
possibly skipping clean-up code that comes after it, it may cause a space leak.
Depending on the nature of the leak, it may or may not be worth fixing - so
keep this in mind if you get a heap checker error in addition to assertion
errors.
To provide a custom failure message, simply stream it into the macro using the
`<<` operator, or a sequence of such operators. An example:
```
ASSERT_EQ(x.size(), y.size()) << "Vectors x and y are of unequal length";
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], y[i]) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
}
```
Anything that can be streamed to an `ostream` can be streamed to an assertion
macro--in particular, C strings and `string` objects. If a wide string
(`wchar_t*`, `TCHAR*` in `UNICODE` mode on Windows, or `std::wstring`) is
streamed to an assertion, it will be translated to UTF-8 when printed.
## Basic Assertions ##
These assertions do basic true/false condition testing.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_TRUE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is true |
| `ASSERT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | `EXPECT_FALSE(`_condition_`)`; | _condition_ is false |
Remember, when they fail, `ASSERT_*` yields a fatal failure and
returns from the current function, while `EXPECT_*` yields a nonfatal
failure, allowing the function to continue running. In either case, an
assertion failure means its containing test fails.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## Binary Comparison ##
This section describes assertions that compare two values.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
|`ASSERT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`|`EXPECT_EQ(`_expected_`, `_actual_`);`| _expected_ `==` _actual_ |
|`ASSERT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_NE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `!=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_LE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `<=` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GT(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>` _val2_ |
|`ASSERT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` |`EXPECT_GE(`_val1_`, `_val2_`);` | _val1_ `>=` _val2_ |
In the event of a failure, Google Test prints both _val1_ and _val2_
. In `ASSERT_EQ*` and `EXPECT_EQ*` (and all other equality assertions
we'll introduce later), you should put the expression you want to test
in the position of _actual_, and put its expected value in _expected_,
as Google Test's failure messages are optimized for this convention.
Value arguments must be comparable by the assertion's comparison
operator or you'll get a compiler error. We used to require the
arguments to support the `<<` operator for streaming to an `ostream`,
but it's no longer necessary since v1.6.0 (if `<<` is supported, it
will be called to print the arguments when the assertion fails;
otherwise Google Test will attempt to print them in the best way it
can. For more details and how to customize the printing of the
arguments, see this Google Mock [recipe](../../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#teaching-google-mock-how-to-print-your-values).).
These assertions can work with a user-defined type, but only if you define the
corresponding comparison operator (e.g. `==`, `<`, etc). If the corresponding
operator is defined, prefer using the `ASSERT_*()` macros because they will
print out not only the result of the comparison, but the two operands as well.
Arguments are always evaluated exactly once. Therefore, it's OK for the
arguments to have side effects. However, as with any ordinary C/C++ function,
the arguments' evaluation order is undefined (i.e. the compiler is free to
choose any order) and your code should not depend on any particular argument
evaluation order.
`ASSERT_EQ()` does pointer equality on pointers. If used on two C strings, it
tests if they are in the same memory location, not if they have the same value.
Therefore, if you want to compare C strings (e.g. `const char*`) by value, use
`ASSERT_STREQ()` , which will be described later on. In particular, to assert
that a C string is `NULL`, use `ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, c_string)` . However, to
compare two `string` objects, you should use `ASSERT_EQ`.
Macros in this section work with both narrow and wide string objects (`string`
and `wstring`).
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
## String Comparison ##
The assertions in this group compare two **C strings**. If you want to compare
two `string` objects, use `EXPECT_EQ`, `EXPECT_NE`, and etc instead.
| **Fatal assertion** | **Nonfatal assertion** | **Verifies** |
|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|
| `ASSERT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | `EXPECT_STREQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content |
| `ASSERT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | `EXPECT_STRNE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content |
| `ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(`_expected\_str_`, `_actual\_str_`);` | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
| `ASSERT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);`| `EXPECT_STRCASENE(`_str1_`, `_str2_`);` | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
Note that "CASE" in an assertion name means that case is ignored.
`*STREQ*` and `*STRNE*` also accept wide C strings (`wchar_t*`). If a
comparison of two wide strings fails, their values will be printed as UTF-8
narrow strings.
A `NULL` pointer and an empty string are considered _different_.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
See also: For more string comparison tricks (substring, prefix, suffix, and
regular expression matching, for example), see the [Advanced Google Test Guide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md).
# Simple Tests #
To create a test:
1. Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function, These are ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
1. In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include, use the various Google Test assertions to check values.
1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
```
TEST(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
`TEST()` arguments go from general to specific. The _first_ argument is the
name of the test case, and the _second_ argument is the test's name within the
test case. Both names must be valid C++ identifiers, and they should not contain underscore (`_`). A test's _full name_ consists of its containing test case and its
individual name. Tests from different test cases can have the same individual
name.
For example, let's take a simple integer function:
```
int Factorial(int n); // Returns the factorial of n
```
A test case for this function might look like:
```
// Tests factorial of 0.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesZeroInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));
}
// Tests factorial of positive numbers.
TEST(FactorialTest, HandlesPositiveInput) {
EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));
EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));
EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));
EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));
}
```
Google Test groups the test results by test cases, so logically-related tests
should be in the same test case; in other words, the first argument to their
`TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
`HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
case `FactorialTest`.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Test Fixtures: Using the Same Data Configuration for Multiple Tests #
If you find yourself writing two or more tests that operate on similar data,
you can use a _test fixture_. It allows you to reuse the same configuration of
objects for several different tests.
To create a fixture, just:
1. Derive a class from `::testing::Test` . Start its body with `protected:` or `public:` as we'll want to access fixture members from sub-classes.
1. Inside the class, declare any objects you plan to use.
1. If necessary, write a default constructor or `SetUp()` function to prepare the objects for each test. A common mistake is to spell `SetUp()` as `Setup()` with a small `u` - don't let that happen to you.
1. If necessary, write a destructor or `TearDown()` function to release any resources you allocated in `SetUp()` . To learn when you should use the constructor/destructor and when you should use `SetUp()/TearDown()`, read this [FAQ entry](V1_7_FAQ.md#should-i-use-the-constructordestructor-of-the-test-fixture-or-the-set-uptear-down-function).
1. If needed, define subroutines for your tests to share.
When using a fixture, use `TEST_F()` instead of `TEST()` as it allows you to
access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
```
TEST_F(test_case_name, test_name) {
... test body ...
}
```
Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test case name, but for `TEST_F()`
this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
is for fixture.
Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
error.
Also, you must first define a test fixture class before using it in a
`TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
declaration`".
For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, Google Test will:
1. Create a _fresh_ test fixture at runtime
1. Immediately initialize it via `SetUp()` ,
1. Run the test
1. Clean up by calling `TearDown()`
1. Delete the test fixture. Note that different tests in the same test case have different test fixture objects, and Google Test always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one. Google Test does not reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which
has the following interface:
```
template <typename E> // E is the element type.
class Queue {
public:
Queue();
void Enqueue(const E& element);
E* Dequeue(); // Returns NULL if the queue is empty.
size_t size() const;
...
};
```
First, define a fixture class. By convention, you should give it the name
`FooTest` where `Foo` is the class being tested.
```
class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
virtual void SetUp() {
q1_.Enqueue(1);
q2_.Enqueue(2);
q2_.Enqueue(3);
}
// virtual void TearDown() {}
Queue<int> q0_;
Queue<int> q1_;
Queue<int> q2_;
};
```
In this case, `TearDown()` is not needed since we don't have to clean up after
each test, other than what's already done by the destructor.
Now we'll write tests using `TEST_F()` and this fixture.
```
TEST_F(QueueTest, IsEmptyInitially) {
EXPECT_EQ(0, q0_.size());
}
TEST_F(QueueTest, DequeueWorks) {
int* n = q0_.Dequeue();
EXPECT_EQ(NULL, n);
n = q1_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(1, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(0, q1_.size());
delete n;
n = q2_.Dequeue();
ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL);
EXPECT_EQ(2, *n);
EXPECT_EQ(1, q2_.size());
delete n;
}
```
The above uses both `ASSERT_*` and `EXPECT_*` assertions. The rule of thumb is
to use `EXPECT_*` when you want the test to continue to reveal more errors
after the assertion failure, and use `ASSERT_*` when continuing after failure
doesn't make sense. For example, the second assertion in the `Dequeue` test is
`ASSERT_TRUE(n != NULL)`, as we need to dereference the pointer `n` later,
which would lead to a segfault when `n` is `NULL`.
When these tests run, the following happens:
1. Google Test constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1` ).
1. `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1` .
1. The first test ( `IsEmptyInitially` ) runs on `t1` .
1. `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
1. `t1` is destructed.
1. The above steps are repeated on another `QueueTest` object, this time running the `DequeueWorks` test.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
_Note_: Google Test automatically saves all _Google Test_ flags when a test
object is constructed, and restores them when it is destructed.
# Invoking the Tests #
`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with Google Test. So, unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all your defined tests in order to run them.
After defining your tests, you can run them with `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` , which returns `0` if all the tests are successful, or `1` otherwise. Note that `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` runs _all tests_ in your link unit -- they can be from different test cases, or even different source files.
When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
1. Saves the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
1. Initializes it via `SetUp()`.
1. Runs the test on the fixture object.
1. Cleans up the fixture via `TearDown()`.
1. Deletes the fixture.
1. Restores the state of all Google Test flags.
1. Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
In addition, if the text fixture's constructor generates a fatal failure in
step 2, there is no point for step 3 - 5 and they are thus skipped. Similarly,
if step 3 generates a fatal failure, step 4 will be skipped.
_Important_: You must not ignore the return value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or `gcc`
will give you a compiler error. The rationale for this design is that the
automated testing service determines whether a test has passed based on its
exit code, not on its stdout/stderr output; thus your `main()` function must
return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than once
conflicts with some advanced Google Test features (e.g. thread-safe death
tests) and thus is not supported.
_Availability_: Linux, Windows, Mac.
# Writing the main() Function #
You can start from this boilerplate:
```
#include "this/package/foo.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
namespace {
// The fixture for testing class Foo.
class FooTest : public ::testing::Test {
protected:
// You can remove any or all of the following functions if its body
// is empty.
FooTest() {
// You can do set-up work for each test here.
}
virtual ~FooTest() {
// You can do clean-up work that doesn't throw exceptions here.
}
// If the constructor and destructor are not enough for setting up
// and cleaning up each test, you can define the following methods:
virtual void SetUp() {
// Code here will be called immediately after the constructor (right
// before each test).
}
virtual void TearDown() {
// Code here will be called immediately after each test (right
// before the destructor).
}
// Objects declared here can be used by all tests in the test case for Foo.
};
// Tests that the Foo::Bar() method does Abc.
TEST_F(FooTest, MethodBarDoesAbc) {
const string input_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myinputfile.dat";
const string output_filepath = "this/package/testdata/myoutputfile.dat";
Foo f;
EXPECT_EQ(0, f.Bar(input_filepath, output_filepath));
}
// Tests that Foo does Xyz.
TEST_F(FooTest, DoesXyz) {
// Exercises the Xyz feature of Foo.
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
```
The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for Google
Test flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to control a
test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in [AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md).
You must call this function before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags
won't be properly initialized.
On Windows, `InitGoogleTest()` also works with wide strings, so it can be used
in programs compiled in `UNICODE` mode as well.
But maybe you think that writing all those main() functions is too much work? We agree with you completely and that's why Google Test provides a basic implementation of main(). If it fits your needs, then just link your test with gtest\_main library and you are good to go.
## Important note for Visual C++ users ##
If you put your tests into a library and your `main()` function is in a different library or in your .exe file, those tests will not run. The reason is a [bug](https://connect.microsoft.com/feedback/viewfeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=244410&siteid=210) in Visual C++. When you define your tests, Google Test creates certain static objects to register them. These objects are not referenced from elsewhere but their constructors are still supposed to run. When Visual C++ linker sees that nothing in the library is referenced from other places it throws the library out. You have to reference your library with tests from your main program to keep the linker from discarding it. Here is how to do it. Somewhere in your library code declare a function:
```
__declspec(dllexport) int PullInMyLibrary() { return 0; }
```
If you put your tests in a static library (not DLL) then `__declspec(dllexport)` is not required. Now, in your main program, write a code that invokes that function:
```
int PullInMyLibrary();
static int dummy = PullInMyLibrary();
```
This will keep your tests referenced and will make them register themselves at startup.
In addition, if you define your tests in a static library, add `/OPT:NOREF` to your main program linker options. If you use MSVC++ IDE, go to your .exe project properties/Configuration Properties/Linker/Optimization and set References setting to `Keep Unreferenced Data (/OPT:NOREF)`. This will keep Visual C++ linker from discarding individual symbols generated by your tests from the final executable.
There is one more pitfall, though. If you use Google Test as a static library (that's how it is defined in gtest.vcproj) your tests must also reside in a static library. If you have to have them in a DLL, you _must_ change Google Test to build into a DLL as well. Otherwise your tests will not run correctly or will not run at all. The general conclusion here is: make your life easier - do not write your tests in libraries!
# Where to Go from Here #
Congratulations! You've learned the Google Test basics. You can start writing
and running Google Test tests, read some [samples](V1_7_Samples.md), or continue with
[AdvancedGuide](V1_7_AdvancedGuide.md), which describes many more useful Google Test features.
# Known Limitations #
Google Test is designed to be thread-safe. The implementation is
thread-safe on systems where the `pthreads` library is available. It
is currently _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads
concurrently on other systems (e.g. Windows). In most tests this is
not an issue as usually the assertions are done in the main thread. If
you want to help, you can volunteer to implement the necessary
synchronization primitives in `gtest-port.h` for your platform.

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<b>P</b>ump is <b>U</b>seful for <b>M</b>eta <b>P</b>rogramming.
# The Problem #
Template and macro libraries often need to define many classes,
functions, or macros that vary only (or almost only) in the number of
arguments they take. It's a lot of repetitive, mechanical, and
error-prone work.
Variadic templates and variadic macros can alleviate the problem.
However, while both are being considered by the C++ committee, neither
is in the standard yet or widely supported by compilers. Thus they
are often not a good choice, especially when your code needs to be
portable. And their capabilities are still limited.
As a result, authors of such libraries often have to write scripts to
generate their implementation. However, our experience is that it's
tedious to write such scripts, which tend to reflect the structure of
the generated code poorly and are often hard to read and edit. For
example, a small change needed in the generated code may require some
non-intuitive, non-trivial changes in the script. This is especially
painful when experimenting with the code.
# Our Solution #
Pump (for Pump is Useful for Meta Programming, Pretty Useful for Meta
Programming, or Practical Utility for Meta Programming, whichever you
prefer) is a simple meta-programming tool for C++. The idea is that a
programmer writes a `foo.pump` file which contains C++ code plus meta
code that manipulates the C++ code. The meta code can handle
iterations over a range, nested iterations, local meta variable
definitions, simple arithmetic, and conditional expressions. You can
view it as a small Domain-Specific Language. The meta language is
designed to be non-intrusive (s.t. it won't confuse Emacs' C++ mode,
for example) and concise, making Pump code intuitive and easy to
maintain.
## Highlights ##
* The implementation is in a single Python script and thus ultra portable: no build or installation is needed and it works cross platforms.
* Pump tries to be smart with respect to [Google's style guide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/): it breaks long lines (easy to have when they are generated) at acceptable places to fit within 80 columns and indent the continuation lines correctly.
* The format is human-readable and more concise than XML.
* The format works relatively well with Emacs' C++ mode.
## Examples ##
The following Pump code (where meta keywords start with `$`, `[[` and `]]` are meta brackets, and `$$` starts a meta comment that ends with the line):
```
$var n = 3 $$ Defines a meta variable n.
$range i 0..n $$ Declares the range of meta iterator i (inclusive).
$for i [[
$$ Meta loop.
// Foo$i does blah for $i-ary predicates.
$range j 1..i
template <size_t N $for j [[, typename A$j]]>
class Foo$i {
$if i == 0 [[
blah a;
]] $elif i <= 2 [[
blah b;
]] $else [[
blah c;
]]
};
]]
```
will be translated by the Pump compiler to:
```
// Foo0 does blah for 0-ary predicates.
template <size_t N>
class Foo0 {
blah a;
};
// Foo1 does blah for 1-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1>
class Foo1 {
blah b;
};
// Foo2 does blah for 2-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2>
class Foo2 {
blah b;
};
// Foo3 does blah for 3-ary predicates.
template <size_t N, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
class Foo3 {
blah c;
};
```
In another example,
```
$range i 1..n
Func($for i + [[a$i]]);
$$ The text between i and [[ is the separator between iterations.
```
will generate one of the following lines (without the comments), depending on the value of `n`:
```
Func(); // If n is 0.
Func(a1); // If n is 1.
Func(a1 + a2); // If n is 2.
Func(a1 + a2 + a3); // If n is 3.
// And so on...
```
## Constructs ##
We support the following meta programming constructs:
| `$var id = exp` | Defines a named constant value. `$id` is valid util the end of the current meta lexical block. |
|:----------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `$range id exp..exp` | Sets the range of an iteration variable, which can be reused in multiple loops later. |
| `$for id sep [[ code ]]` | Iteration. The range of `id` must have been defined earlier. `$id` is valid in `code`. |
| `$($)` | Generates a single `$` character. |
| `$id` | Value of the named constant or iteration variable. |
| `$(exp)` | Value of the expression. |
| `$if exp [[ code ]] else_branch` | Conditional. |
| `[[ code ]]` | Meta lexical block. |
| `cpp_code` | Raw C++ code. |
| `$$ comment` | Meta comment. |
**Note:** To give the user some freedom in formatting the Pump source
code, Pump ignores a new-line character if it's right after `$for foo`
or next to `[[` or `]]`. Without this rule you'll often be forced to write
very long lines to get the desired output. Therefore sometimes you may
need to insert an extra new-line in such places for a new-line to show
up in your output.
## Grammar ##
```
code ::= atomic_code*
atomic_code ::= $var id = exp
| $var id = [[ code ]]
| $range id exp..exp
| $for id sep [[ code ]]
| $($)
| $id
| $(exp)
| $if exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| [[ code ]]
| cpp_code
sep ::= cpp_code | empty_string
else_branch ::= $else [[ code ]]
| $elif exp [[ code ]] else_branch
| empty_string
exp ::= simple_expression_in_Python_syntax
```
## Code ##
You can find the source code of Pump in [scripts/pump.py](../scripts/pump.py). It is still
very unpolished and lacks automated tests, although it has been
successfully used many times. If you find a chance to use it in your
project, please let us know what you think! We also welcome help on
improving Pump.
## Real Examples ##
You can find real-world applications of Pump in [Google Test](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgoogletest\.googlecode\.com) and [Google Mock](http://www.google.com/codesearch?q=file%3A\.pump%24+package%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fgooglemock\.googlecode\.com). The source file `foo.h.pump` generates `foo.h`.
## Tips ##
* If a meta variable is followed by a letter or digit, you can separate them using `[[]]`, which inserts an empty string. For example `Foo$j[[]]Helper` generate `Foo1Helper` when `j` is 1.
* To avoid extra-long Pump source lines, you can break a line anywhere you want by inserting `[[]]` followed by a new line. Since any new-line character next to `[[` or `]]` is ignored, the generated code won't contain this new line.

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If you're like us, you'd like to look at some Google Test sample code. The
[samples folder](../samples) has a number of well-commented samples showing how to use a
variety of Google Test features.
* [Sample #1](../samples/sample1_unittest.cc) shows the basic steps of using Google Test to test C++ functions.
* [Sample #2](../samples/sample2_unittest.cc) shows a more complex unit test for a class with multiple member functions.
* [Sample #3](../samples/sample3_unittest.cc) uses a test fixture.
* [Sample #4](../samples/sample4_unittest.cc) is another basic example of using Google Test.
* [Sample #5](../samples/sample5_unittest.cc) teaches how to reuse a test fixture in multiple test cases by deriving sub-fixtures from it.
* [Sample #6](../samples/sample6_unittest.cc) demonstrates type-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #7](../samples/sample7_unittest.cc) teaches the basics of value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #8](../samples/sample8_unittest.cc) shows using `Combine()` in value-parameterized tests.
* [Sample #9](../samples/sample9_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to modify Google Test's console output and the use of its reflection API to inspect test results.
* [Sample #10](../samples/sample10_unittest.cc) shows use of the listener API to implement a primitive memory leak checker.

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This guide will explain how to use the Google Testing Framework in your Xcode projects on Mac OS X. This tutorial begins by quickly explaining what to do for experienced users. After the quick start, the guide goes provides additional explanation about each step.
# Quick Start #
Here is the quick guide for using Google Test in your Xcode project.
1. Download the source from the [website](http://code.google.com/p/googletest) using this command: `svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only`
1. Open up the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `googletest-read-only/xcode/` directory and build the gtest.framework.
1. Create a new "Shell Tool" target in your Xcode project called something like "UnitTests"
1. Add the gtest.framework to your project and add it to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of "UnitTests"
1. Edit the "UnitTests" executable and add an environment variable named "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" with a value equal to the path to the framework containing the gtest.framework relative to the compiled executable.
1. Build and Go
The following sections further explain each of the steps listed above in depth, describing in more detail how to complete it including some variations.
# Get the Source #
Currently, the gtest.framework discussed here isn't available in a tagged release of Google Test, it is only available in the trunk. As explained at the Google Test [site](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/source/checkout">svn), you can get the code from anonymous SVN with this command:
```
svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googletest-read-only
```
Alternatively, if you are working with Subversion in your own code base, you can add Google Test as an external dependency to your own Subversion repository. By following this approach, everyone that checks out your svn repository will also receive a copy of Google Test (a specific version, if you wish) without having to check it out explicitly. This makes the set up of your project simpler and reduces the copied code in the repository.
To use `svn:externals`, decide where you would like to have the external source reside. You might choose to put the external source inside the trunk, because you want it to be part of the branch when you make a release. However, keeping it outside the trunk in a version-tagged directory called something like `third-party/googletest/1.0.1`, is another option. Once the location is established, use `svn propedit svn:externals _directory_` to set the svn:externals property on a directory in your repository. This directory won't contain the code, but be its versioned parent directory.
The command `svn propedit` will bring up your Subversion editor, making editing the long, (potentially multi-line) property simpler. This same method can be used to check out a tagged branch, by using the appropriate URL (e.g. `http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release-1.0.1`). Additionally, the svn:externals property allows the specification of a particular revision of the trunk with the `-r_##_` option (e.g. `externals/src/googletest -r60 http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk`).
Here is an example of using the svn:externals properties on a trunk (read via `svn propget`) of a project. This value checks out a copy of Google Test into the `trunk/externals/src/googletest/` directory.
```
[Computer:svn] user$ svn propget svn:externals trunk
externals/src/googletest http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk
```
# Add the Framework to Your Project #
The next step is to build and add the gtest.framework to your own project. This guide describes two common ways below.
* **Option 1** --- The simplest way to add Google Test to your own project, is to open gtest.xcodeproj (found in the xcode/ directory of the Google Test trunk) and build the framework manually. Then, add the built framework into your project using the "Add->Existing Framework..." from the context menu or "Project->Add..." from the main menu. The gtest.framework is relocatable and contains the headers and object code that you'll need to make tests. This method requires rebuilding every time you upgrade Google Test in your project.
* **Option 2** --- If you are going to be living off the trunk of Google Test, incorporating its latest features into your unit tests (or are a Google Test developer yourself). You'll want to rebuild the framework every time the source updates. to do this, you'll need to add the gtest.xcodeproj file, not the framework itself, to your own Xcode project. Then, from the build products that are revealed by the project's disclosure triangle, you can find the gtest.framework, which can be added to your targets (discussed below).
# Make a Test Target #
To start writing tests, make a new "Shell Tool" target. This target template is available under BSD, Cocoa, or Carbon. Add your unit test source code to the "Compile Sources" build phase of the target.
Next, you'll want to add gtest.framework in two different ways, depending upon which option you chose above.
* **Option 1** --- During compilation, Xcode will need to know that you are linking against the gtest.framework. Add the gtest.framework to the "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. This will include the Google Test headers in your header search path, and will tell the linker where to find the library.
* **Option 2** --- If your working out of the trunk, you'll also want to add gtest.framework to your "Link Binary with Libraries" build phase of your test target. In addition, you'll want to add the gtest.framework as a dependency to your unit test target. This way, Xcode will make sure that gtest.framework is up to date, every time your build your target. Finally, if you don't share build directories with Google Test, you'll have to copy the gtest.framework into your own build products directory using a "Run Script" build phase.
# Set Up the Executable Run Environment #
Since the unit test executable is a shell tool, it doesn't have a bundle with a `Contents/Frameworks` directory, in which to place gtest.framework. Instead, the dynamic linker must be told at runtime to search for the framework in another location. This can be accomplished by setting the "DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH" environment variable in the "Edit Active Executable ..." Arguments tab, under "Variables to be set in the environment:". The path for this value is the path (relative or absolute) of the directory containing the gtest.framework.
If you haven't set up the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH, correctly, you might get a message like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-15 06:23:57 -0600.]
dyld: Library not loaded: @loader_path/../Frameworks/gtest.framework/Versions/A/gtest
Referenced from: /Users/username/Documents/Sandbox/gtestSample/build/Debug/WidgetFrameworkTest
Reason: image not found
```
To correct this problem, got to the directory containing the executable named in "Referenced from:" value in the error message above. Then, with the terminal in this location, find the relative path to the directory containing the gtest.framework. That is the value you'll need to set as the DYLD\_FRAMEWORK\_PATH.
# Build and Go #
Now, when you click "Build and Go", the test will be executed. Dumping out something like this:
```
[Session started at 2008-08-06 06:36:13 -0600.]
[==========] Running 2 tests from 1 test case.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 2 tests from WidgetInitializerTest
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConstructor
[ RUN ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[ OK ] WidgetInitializerTest.TestConversion
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 1 test case ran.
[ PASSED ] 2 tests.
The Debugger has exited with status 0.
```
# Summary #
Unit testing is a valuable way to ensure your data model stays valid even during rapid development or refactoring. The Google Testing Framework is a great unit testing framework for C and C++ which integrates well with an Xcode development environment.

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########################################################################
# CMake build script for Google Mock.
#
# To run the tests for Google Mock itself on Linux, use 'make test' or
# ctest. You can select which tests to run using 'ctest -R regex'.
# For more options, run 'ctest --help'.
option(gmock_build_tests "Build all of Google Mock's own tests." OFF)
# A directory to find Google Test sources.
if (EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gtest/CMakeLists.txt")
set(gtest_dir gtest)
else()
set(gtest_dir ../googletest)
endif()
# Defines pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build() and set_up_hermetic_build().
include("${gtest_dir}/cmake/hermetic_build.cmake" OPTIONAL)
if (COMMAND pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build)
# Google Test also calls hermetic setup functions from add_subdirectory,
# although its changes will not affect things at the current scope.
pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build()
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Project-wide settings
# Name of the project.
#
# CMake files in this project can refer to the root source directory
# as ${gmock_SOURCE_DIR} and to the root binary directory as
# ${gmock_BINARY_DIR}.
# Language "C" is required for find_package(Threads).
if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0)
project(gmock CXX C)
else()
cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW)
project(gmock VERSION ${GOOGLETEST_VERSION} LANGUAGES CXX C)
endif()
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.4)
if (COMMAND set_up_hermetic_build)
set_up_hermetic_build()
endif()
# Instructs CMake to process Google Test's CMakeLists.txt and add its
# targets to the current scope. We are placing Google Test's binary
# directory in a subdirectory of our own as VC compilation may break
# if they are the same (the default).
add_subdirectory("${gtest_dir}" "${gmock_BINARY_DIR}/gtest")
# These commands only run if this is the main project
if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL "gmock" OR CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL "googletest-distribution")
# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to
# make it prominent in the GUI.
option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF)
else()
mark_as_advanced(gmock_build_tests)
endif()
# Although Google Test's CMakeLists.txt calls this function, the
# changes there don't affect the current scope. Therefore we have to
# call it again here.
config_compiler_and_linker() # from ${gtest_dir}/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
# Adds Google Mock's and Google Test's header directories to the search path.
set(gmock_build_include_dirs
"${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include"
"${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}"
"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include"
# This directory is needed to build directly from Google Test sources.
"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}")
include_directories(${gmock_build_include_dirs})
########################################################################
#
# Defines the gmock & gmock_main libraries. User tests should link
# with one of them.
# Google Mock libraries. We build them using more strict warnings than what
# are used for other targets, to ensure that Google Mock can be compiled by
# a user aggressive about warnings.
if (MSVC)
cxx_library(gmock
"${cxx_strict}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc"
src/gmock-all.cc)
cxx_library(gmock_main
"${cxx_strict}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc"
src/gmock-all.cc
src/gmock_main.cc)
else()
cxx_library(gmock "${cxx_strict}" src/gmock-all.cc)
target_link_libraries(gmock PUBLIC gtest)
cxx_library(gmock_main "${cxx_strict}" src/gmock_main.cc)
target_link_libraries(gmock_main PUBLIC gmock)
endif()
# If the CMake version supports it, attach header directory information
# to the targets for when we are part of a parent build (ie being pulled
# in via add_subdirectory() rather than being a standalone build).
if (DEFINED CMAKE_VERSION AND NOT "${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "2.8.11")
target_include_directories(gmock SYSTEM INTERFACE
"$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${gmock_build_include_dirs}>"
"$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:$<INSTALL_PREFIX>/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>")
target_include_directories(gmock_main SYSTEM INTERFACE
"$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${gmock_build_include_dirs}>"
"$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:$<INSTALL_PREFIX>/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>")
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Install rules
install_project(gmock gmock_main)
########################################################################
#
# Google Mock's own tests.
#
# You can skip this section if you aren't interested in testing
# Google Mock itself.
#
# The tests are not built by default. To build them, set the
# gmock_build_tests option to ON. You can do it by running ccmake
# or specifying the -Dgmock_build_tests=ON flag when running cmake.
if (gmock_build_tests)
# This must be set in the root directory for the tests to be run by
# 'make test' or ctest.
enable_testing()
if (WIN32)
file(GENERATE OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/RunTest.ps1"
CONTENT
"$project_bin = \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$<CONFIG>\"
$env:Path = \"$project_bin;$env:Path\"
& $args")
elseif (MINGW)
file(GENERATE OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/RunTest.ps1"
CONTENT
"$project_bin = (cygpath --windows ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
$env:Path = \"$project_bin;$env:Path\"
& $args")
endif()
############################################################
# C++ tests built with standard compiler flags.
cxx_test(gmock-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-cardinalities_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock_ex_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-function-mocker_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-function-mockers_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-matchers_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-internal-utils_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-matchers_test gmock_main)
if (MINGW)
target_compile_options(gmock-matchers_test PRIVATE "-Wa,-mbig-obj")
endif()
cxx_test(gmock-more-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-nice-strict_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-port_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-spec-builders_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock_link_test gmock_main test/gmock_link2_test.cc)
cxx_test(gmock_test gmock_main)
if (DEFINED GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
cxx_test(gmock_stress_test gmock)
endif()
# gmock_all_test is commented to save time building and running tests.
# Uncomment if necessary.
# cxx_test(gmock_all_test gmock_main)
############################################################
# C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
if (MSVC)
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
else()
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}" src/gmock_main.cc)
target_link_libraries(gmock_main_no_exception PUBLIC gmock)
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}" src/gmock_main.cc)
target_link_libraries(gmock_main_no_rtti PUBLIC gmock)
endif()
cxx_test_with_flags(gmock-more-actions_no_exception_test "${cxx_no_exception}"
gmock_main_no_exception test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gmock_no_rtti_test "${cxx_no_rtti}"
gmock_main_no_rtti test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc)
cxx_shared_library(shared_gmock_main "${cxx_default}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
# Tests that a binary can be built with Google Mock as a shared library. On
# some system configurations, it may not possible to run the binary without
# knowing more details about the system configurations. We do not try to run
# this binary. To get a more robust shared library coverage, configure with
# -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON.
cxx_executable_with_flags(shared_gmock_test_ "${cxx_default}"
shared_gmock_main test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc)
set_target_properties(shared_gmock_test_
PROPERTIES
COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
############################################################
# Python tests.
cxx_executable(gmock_leak_test_ test gmock_main)
py_test(gmock_leak_test)
cxx_executable(gmock_output_test_ test gmock)
py_test(gmock_output_test)
endif()

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# This file contains a list of people who've made non-trivial
# contribution to the Google C++ Mocking Framework project. People
# who commit code to the project are encouraged to add their names
# here. Please keep the list sorted by first names.
Benoit Sigoure <tsuna@google.com>
Bogdan Piloca <boo@google.com>
Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@google.com>
Dave MacLachlan <dmaclach@gmail.com>
David Anderson <danderson@google.com>
Dean Sturtevant
Gene Volovich <gv@cite.com>
Hal Burch <gmock@hburch.com>
Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
Jim Keller <jimkeller@google.com>
Joe Walnes <joe@truemesh.com>
Jon Wray <jwray@google.com>
Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
Keith Ray <keith.ray@gmail.com>
Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Lev Makhlis
Manuel Klimek <klimek@google.com>
Mario Tanev <radix@google.com>
Mark Paskin
Markus Heule <markus.heule@gmail.com>
Matthew Simmons <simmonmt@acm.org>
Mike Bland <mbland@google.com>
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
Nermin Ozkiranartli <nermin@google.com>
Owen Carlsen <ocarlsen@google.com>
Paneendra Ba <paneendra@google.com>
Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Piotr Kaminski <piotrk@google.com>
Russ Rufer <russ@pentad.com>
Sverre Sundsdal <sundsdal@gmail.com>
Takeshi Yoshino <tyoshino@google.com>
Vadim Berman <vadimb@google.com>
Vlad Losev <vladl@google.com>
Wolfgang Klier <wklier@google.com>
Zhanyong Wan <wan@google.com>

28
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Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

223
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# Automake file
# Nonstandard package files for distribution.
EXTRA_DIST = LICENSE
# We may need to build our internally packaged gtest. If so, it will be
# included in the 'subdirs' variable.
SUBDIRS = $(subdirs)
# This is generated by the configure script, so clean it for distribution.
DISTCLEANFILES = scripts/gmock-config
# We define the global AM_CPPFLAGS as everything we compile includes from these
# directories.
AM_CPPFLAGS = $(GTEST_CPPFLAGS) -I$(srcdir)/include
# Modifies compiler and linker flags for pthreads compatibility.
if HAVE_PTHREADS
AM_CXXFLAGS = @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
AM_LIBS = @PTHREAD_LIBS@
endif
# Build rules for libraries.
lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib/libgmock.la lib/libgmock_main.la
lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES = src/gmock-all.cc
pkginclude_HEADERS = \
include/gmock/gmock-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h \
include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h \
include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h \
include/gmock/gmock.h
pkginclude_internaldir = $(pkgincludedir)/internal
pkginclude_internal_HEADERS = \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-pp.h \
include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h \
include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h \
include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h
lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES = src/gmock_main.cc
lib_libgmock_main_la_LIBADD = lib/libgmock.la
# Build rules for tests. Automake's naming for some of these variables isn't
# terribly obvious, so this is a brief reference:
#
# TESTS -- Programs run automatically by "make check"
# check_PROGRAMS -- Programs built by "make check" but not necessarily run
TESTS=
check_PROGRAMS=
AM_LDFLAGS = $(GTEST_LDFLAGS)
# This exercises all major components of Google Mock. It also
# verifies that libgmock works.
TESTS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test
test_gmock_spec_builders_test_SOURCES = test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
test_gmock_spec_builders_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock.la
# This tests using Google Mock in multiple translation units. It also
# verifies that libgmock_main and libgmock work.
TESTS += test/gmock_link_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_link_test
test_gmock_link_test_SOURCES = \
test/gmock_link2_test.cc \
test/gmock_link_test.cc \
test/gmock_link_test.h
test_gmock_link_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock_main.la lib/libgmock.la
if HAVE_PYTHON
# Tests that fused gmock files compile and work.
TESTS += test/gmock_fused_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_fused_test
test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES = \
fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc \
fused-src/gmock/gmock.h \
fused-src/gmock_main.cc \
fused-src/gtest/gtest.h \
test/gmock_test.cc
test_gmock_fused_test_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(srcdir)/fused-src"
endif
# Google Mock source files that we don't compile directly.
GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES = \
src/gmock-cardinalities.cc \
src/gmock-internal-utils.cc \
src/gmock-matchers.cc \
src/gmock-spec-builders.cc \
src/gmock.cc
EXTRA_DIST += $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES)
# C++ tests that we don't compile using autotools.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gmock-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock_all_test.cc \
test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc \
test/gmock_ex_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock-function-mocker_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc \
test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc \
test/gmock-matchers_test.cc \
test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc \
test/gmock-port_test.cc \
test/gmock_stress_test.cc
# Python tests, which we don't run using autotools.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gmock_leak_test.py \
test/gmock_leak_test_.cc \
test/gmock_output_test.py \
test/gmock_output_test_.cc \
test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt \
test/gmock_test_utils.py
# Nonstandard package files for distribution.
EXTRA_DIST += \
CHANGES \
CONTRIBUTORS \
make/Makefile
# Pump scripts for generating Google Mock headers.
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): automate the generation of *.h from *.h.pump.
EXTRA_DIST += \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump \
include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
# Script for fusing Google Mock and Google Test source files.
EXTRA_DIST += scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py
# The Google Mock Generator tool from the cppclean project.
EXTRA_DIST += \
scripts/generator/LICENSE \
scripts/generator/README \
scripts/generator/README.cppclean \
scripts/generator/cpp/__init__.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/ast.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/gmock_class.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/keywords.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/tokenize.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/utils.py \
scripts/generator/gmock_gen.py
# Script for diagnosing compiler errors in programs that use Google
# Mock.
EXTRA_DIST += scripts/gmock_doctor.py
# CMake scripts.
EXTRA_DIST += \
CMakeLists.txt
# Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 projects.
EXTRA_DIST += \
msvc/2005/gmock.sln \
msvc/2005/gmock.vcproj \
msvc/2005/gmock_config.vsprops \
msvc/2005/gmock_main.vcproj \
msvc/2005/gmock_test.vcproj
# Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 projects.
EXTRA_DIST += \
msvc/2010/gmock.sln \
msvc/2010/gmock.vcxproj \
msvc/2010/gmock_config.props \
msvc/2010/gmock_main.vcxproj \
msvc/2010/gmock_test.vcxproj
if HAVE_PYTHON
# gmock_test.cc does not really depend on files generated by the
# fused-gmock-internal rule. However, gmock_test.o does, and it is
# important to include test/gmock_test.cc as part of this rule in order to
# prevent compiling gmock_test.o until all dependent files have been
# generated.
$(test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES): fused-gmock-internal
# TODO(vladl@google.com): Find a way to add Google Tests's sources here.
fused-gmock-internal: $(pkginclude_HEADERS) $(pkginclude_internal_HEADERS) \
$(lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES) $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES) \
$(lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES) \
scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py
mkdir -p "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
chmod -R u+w "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest.h"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock/gmock.h"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc"
"$(srcdir)/scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
cp -f "$(srcdir)/src/gmock_main.cc" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
maintainer-clean-local:
rm -rf "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
endif
# Death tests may produce core dumps in the build directory. In case
# this happens, clean them to keep distcleancheck happy.
CLEANFILES = core
# Disables 'make install' as installing a compiled version of Google
# Mock can lead to undefined behavior due to violation of the
# One-Definition Rule.
install-exec-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system."
false
install-data-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system."
false

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## Google Mock ##
The Google C++ mocking framework.
### Overview ###
Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes.
It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests.
It is inspired by:
* [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/),
* [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and
* [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/),
and designed with C++'s specifics in mind.
Google mock:
* lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros.
* supports a rich set of matchers and actions.
* handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations.
* is extensible by users.
We hope you find it useful!
### Features ###
* Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks.
* Can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
and mock objects.
* Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions.
* Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments.
* Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock.
* Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed).
* Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
function calls to be expressed,.
* Lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
* Does not use exceptions.
* Is easy to learn and use.
Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is
also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please
join us!
Please note that code under [scripts/generator](scripts/generator/) is
from [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and released under
the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license.
## Getting Started ##
If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user
documentation in the following order:
* Learn the [basics](../googletest/docs/primer.md) of
Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended).
* Read [Google Mock for Dummies](../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md).
* Read the instructions below on how to build Google Mock.
You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation.
Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs:
* [CheatSheet](../googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff
at a glance.
* [CookBook](../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done,
including advanced techniques.
If you need help, please check the
[KnownIssues](docs/KnownIssues.md) and
[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) before
posting a question on the
[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).
### Using Google Mock Without Google Test ###
Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a
testing framework for writing tests. Google Mock works seamlessly
with [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest), but
you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework).
### Requirements for End Users ###
Google Mock is implemented on top of [Google Test](
http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.
You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock.
You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
framework, although it will still need Google Test. Please read
["Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework"](
../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework)
for instructions.
Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:
#### Linux Requirements ####
* GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
* POSIX-standard shell
* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
* C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)
#### Windows Requirements ####
* Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
#### Mac OS X Requirements ####
* Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
* Developer Tools Installed
### Requirements for Contributors ###
We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
build Google Mock and its tests, which has further requirements:
* Automake version 1.9 or newer
* Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
* Libtool / Libtoolize
* Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
re-generating certain source files from templates)
### Building Google Mock ###
#### Using CMake ####
If you have CMake available, it is recommended that you follow the
[build instructions][gtest_cmakebuild]
as described for Google Test.
If are using Google Mock with an
existing CMake project, the section
[Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project][gtest_incorpcmake]
may be of particular interest.
To make it work for Google Mock you will need to change
target_link_libraries(example gtest_main)
to
target_link_libraries(example gmock_main)
This works because `gmock_main` library is compiled with Google Test.
#### Preparing to Build (Unix only) ####
If you are using a Unix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build
system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to
configure it now.
To prepare the Autotools build system:
cd googlemock
autoreconf -fvi
To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
straightforward.
This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your
existing build system.
Suppose you put Google Mock in directory `${GMOCK_DIR}` and Google Test
in `${GTEST_DIR}` (the latter is `${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest` by default). To
build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as
called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile
${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
with
${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include
in the system header search path, and
${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR}
in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.)
Next, you should compile your test source file with
${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search
path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
-pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available
(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and
a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
script.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
following commands should succeed:
cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make
make
./gmock_test
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of
[make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away.
### Windows ###
The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010
directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and
selected tests.
Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to
build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).
If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll
have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet. For that:
* Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)
* Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."
* Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it.
* In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional
Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include.
### Tweaking Google Mock ###
Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](
../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See
[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]
for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.
### Tweaking Google Mock ###
Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.
### Upgrading from an Earlier Version ###
We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to
do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.
#### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ####
You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
tuple library. See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple
Library](#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".
#### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ####
On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you
may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the
"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest/README.md#multi-threaded-tests)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.
If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or
`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to
use the new matcher API (
[monomorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-monomorphic-matchers),
[polymorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-matchers)).
Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.
Happy testing!
[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/README.md "googletest"
[gtest_cmakebuild]: ../googletest/README.md#using-cmake "Using CMake"
[gtest_incorpcmake]: ../googletest/README.md#incorporating-into-an-existing-cmake-project "Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project"

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prefix=${pcfiledir}/../..
libdir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@
includedir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@
Name: gmock
Description: GoogleMock (without main() function)
Version: @PROJECT_VERSION@
URL: https://github.com/google/googletest
Requires: gtest
Libs: -L${libdir} -lgmock @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
Cflags: -I${includedir} @GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD_MACRO@ @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@

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prefix=${pcfiledir}/../..
libdir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@
includedir=${prefix}/@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@
Name: gmock_main
Description: GoogleMock (with main() function)
Version: @PROJECT_VERSION@
URL: https://github.com/google/googletest
Requires: gmock
Libs: -L${libdir} -lgmock_main @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
Cflags: -I${includedir} @GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD_MACRO@ @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@

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m4_include(../googletest/m4/acx_pthread.m4)
AC_INIT([Google C++ Mocking Framework],
[1.8.0],
[googlemock@googlegroups.com],
[gmock])
# Provide various options to initialize the Autoconf and configure processes.
AC_PREREQ([2.59])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([./LICENSE])
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([build-aux/config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([scripts/gmock-config], [chmod +x scripts/gmock-config])
# Initialize Automake with various options. We require at least v1.9, prevent
# pedantic complaints about package files, and enable various distribution
# targets.
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 dist-bzip2 dist-zip foreign subdir-objects])
# Check for programs used in building Google Test.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_CXX
AC_LANG([C++])
AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Currently we aren't running the Python tests
# against the interpreter detected by AM_PATH_PYTHON, and so we condition
# HAVE_PYTHON by requiring "python" to be in the PATH, and that interpreter's
# version to be >= 2.3. This will allow the scripts to use a "/usr/bin/env"
# hashbang.
PYTHON= # We *do not* allow the user to specify a python interpreter
AC_PATH_PROG([PYTHON],[python],[:])
AS_IF([test "$PYTHON" != ":"],
[AM_PYTHON_CHECK_VERSION([$PYTHON],[2.3],[:],[PYTHON=":"])])
AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PYTHON],[test "$PYTHON" != ":"])
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check for the necessary system headers.
# Configure pthreads.
AC_ARG_WITH([pthreads],
[AS_HELP_STRING([--with-pthreads],
[use pthreads (default is yes)])],
[with_pthreads=$withval],
[with_pthreads=check])
have_pthreads=no
AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xno"],
[ACX_PTHREAD(
[],
[AS_IF([test "x$with_pthreads" != "xcheck"],
[AC_MSG_FAILURE(
[--with-pthreads was specified, but unable to be used])])])
have_pthreads="$acx_pthread_ok"])
AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PTHREADS],[test "x$have_pthreads" == "xyes"])
AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
# GoogleMock currently has hard dependencies upon GoogleTest above and beyond
# running its own test suite, so we both provide our own version in
# a subdirectory and provide some logic to use a custom version or a system
# installed version.
AC_ARG_WITH([gtest],
[AS_HELP_STRING([--with-gtest],
[Specifies how to find the gtest package. If no
arguments are given, the default behavior, a
system installed gtest will be used if present,
and an internal version built otherwise. If a
path is provided, the gtest built or installed at
that prefix will be used.])],
[],
[with_gtest=yes])
AC_ARG_ENABLE([external-gtest],
[AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-external-gtest],
[Disables any detection or use of a system
installed or user provided gtest. Any option to
'--with-gtest' is ignored. (Default is enabled.)])
], [], [enable_external_gtest=yes])
AS_IF([test "x$with_gtest" == "xno"],
[AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl
Support for GoogleTest was explicitly disabled. Currently GoogleMock has a hard
dependency upon GoogleTest to build, please provide a version, or allow
GoogleMock to use any installed version and fall back upon its internal
version.])])
# Setup various GTEST variables. TODO(chandlerc@google.com): When these are
# used below, they should be used such that any pre-existing values always
# trump values we set them to, so that they can be used to selectively override
# details of the detection process.
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CONFIG],
[The exact path of Google Test's 'gtest-config' script.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CPPFLAGS],
[C-like preprocessor flags for Google Test.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CXXFLAGS],
[C++ compile flags for Google Test.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LDFLAGS],
[Linker path and option flags for Google Test.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LIBS],
[Library linking flags for Google Test.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_VERSION],
[The version of Google Test available.])
HAVE_BUILT_GTEST="no"
GTEST_MIN_VERSION="1.8.0"
AS_IF([test "x${enable_external_gtest}" = "xyes"],
[# Begin filling in variables as we are able.
AS_IF([test "x${with_gtest}" != "xyes"],
[AS_IF([test -x "${with_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"],
[GTEST_CONFIG="${with_gtest}/scripts/gtest-config"],
[GTEST_CONFIG="${with_gtest}/bin/gtest-config"])
AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], [],
[AC_MSG_ERROR([dnl
Unable to locate either a built or installed Google Test at '${with_gtest}'.])
])])
AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"], [],
[AC_PATH_PROG([GTEST_CONFIG], [gtest-config])])
AS_IF([test -x "${GTEST_CONFIG}"],
[AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Google Test version >= ${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}])
AS_IF([${GTEST_CONFIG} --min-version=${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}],
[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
HAVE_BUILT_GTEST="yes"],
[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])])])
AS_IF([test "x${HAVE_BUILT_GTEST}" = "xyes"],
[GTEST_CPPFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cppflags`
GTEST_CXXFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --cxxflags`
GTEST_LDFLAGS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --ldflags`
GTEST_LIBS=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --libs`
GTEST_VERSION=`${GTEST_CONFIG} --version`],
[
# GTEST_CONFIG needs to be executable both in a Makefile environment and
# in a shell script environment, so resolve an absolute path for it here.
GTEST_CONFIG="`pwd -P`/../googletest/scripts/gtest-config"
GTEST_CPPFLAGS='-I$(top_srcdir)/../googletest/include'
GTEST_CXXFLAGS='-g'
GTEST_LDFLAGS=''
GTEST_LIBS='$(top_builddir)/../googletest/lib/libgtest.la'
GTEST_VERSION="${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}"])
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check the types, structures, and other compiler
# and architecture characteristics.
# Output the generated files. No further autoconf macros may be used.
AC_OUTPUT

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# Defining a Mock Class #
## Mocking a Normal Class ##
Given
```cpp
class Foo {
...
virtual ~Foo();
virtual int GetSize() const = 0;
virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0;
virtual string Describe(int type) = 0;
virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0;
};
```
(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as
```cpp
#include "gmock/gmock.h"
class MockFoo : public Foo {
MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int());
MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name));
MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type));
MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count));
};
```
To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls,
or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures:
```cpp
NiceMock<MockFoo> nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo.
StrictMock<MockFoo> strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo.
```
## Mocking a Class Template ##
To mock
```cpp
template <typename Elem>
class StackInterface {
public:
...
virtual ~StackInterface();
virtual int GetSize() const = 0;
virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0;
};
```
(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros:
```cpp
template <typename Elem>
class MockStack : public StackInterface<Elem> {
public:
...
MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int());
MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x));
};
```
## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ##
If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you
can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros
described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling
convention as the first argument to the macro. For example,
```cpp
MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n));
MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y));
```
where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `<objbase.h>` on Windows.
# Using Mocks in Tests #
The typical flow is:
1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted.
1. Create the mock objects.
1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects.
1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?).
1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](../../googletest/) assertions.
1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied.
Here is an example:
```cpp
using ::testing::Return; // #1
TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) {
MockFoo foo; // #2
ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3
.WillByDefault(Return(1));
// ... other default actions ...
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4
.Times(3)
.WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5"));
// ... other expectations ...
EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5
} // #6
```
# Setting Default Actions #
Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that
returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer.
To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally:
```cpp
using ::testing::DefaultValue;
// Sets the default value to be returned. T must be CopyConstructible.
DefaultValue<T>::Set(value);
// Sets a factory. Will be invoked on demand. T must be MoveConstructible.
// T MakeT();
DefaultValue<T>::SetFactory(&MakeT);
// ... use the mocks ...
// Resets the default value.
DefaultValue<T>::Clear();
```
To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`:
```cpp
ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers))
.With(multi_argument_matcher) ?
.WillByDefault(action);
```
# Setting Expectations #
`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be
called? What will it do?):
```cpp
EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers))
.With(multi_argument_matcher) ?
.Times(cardinality) ?
.InSequence(sequences) *
.After(expectations) *
.WillOnce(action) *
.WillRepeatedly(action) ?
.RetiresOnSaturation(); ?
```
If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be:
* `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`;
* `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or
* `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0.
A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time.
# Matchers #
A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside
`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value
directly:
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. |
| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. |
Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are
divided into several categories:
## Wildcard ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.|
|`A<type>()` or `An<type>()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. |
## Generic Comparison ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:---------------------|:------------------|
|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`|
|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`|
|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` |
|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`|
|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` |
|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`|
|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).|
|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).|
|`Optional(m)` |`argument` is `optional<>` that contains a value matching `m`.|
|`VariantWith<T>(m)` |`argument` is `variant<>` that holds the alternative of type T with a value matching `m`.|
|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.|
|`TypedEq<type>(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.|
Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's
modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value`
doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`,
e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure
`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your
matcher will be changed.
## Floating-Point Matchers ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:-------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal. |
|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. |
|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. |
|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. |
The above matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in
[Google Test](../../googletest/)). They
automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute
value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to
the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to
return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as
equal, which is often what a user wants.
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`DoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal.|
|`FloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as unequal.|
|`NanSensitiveDoubleNear(a_double, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `double` value close to `a_double` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal.|
|`NanSensitiveFloatNear(a_float, max_abs_error)`|`argument` is a `float` value close to `a_float` (absolute error <= `max_abs_error`), treating two NaNs as equal.|
## String Matchers ##
The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object:
| Matcher | Description |
|:----------------------|:--------------------------------------------------|
|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression. |
|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. |
|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. |
|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.|
|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. |
|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. |
|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.|
|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. |
|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. |
`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` use the regular expression
syntax defined
[here](../../googletest/docs/advanced.md#regular-expression-syntax).
`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide
strings as well.
## Container Matchers ##
Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use
`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a
container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line,
match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use:
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. |
| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. |
| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where _every_ element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. |
| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. |
| `ElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `ElementsAreArray(array)`, or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, or C-style array. |
| `IsEmpty()` | `argument` is an empty container (`container.empty()`). |
| `Pointwise(m, container)` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. See more detail below. |
| `SizeIs(m)` | `argument` is a container whose size matches `m`. E.g. `SizeIs(2)` or `SizeIs(Lt(2))`. |
| `UnorderedElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, and under some permutation each element matches an `ei` (for a different `i`), which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. |
| `UnorderedElementsAreArray({ e0, e1, ..., en })`, `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)`, or `UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `UnorderedElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from an initializer list, STL-style container, or C-style array. |
| `WhenSorted(m)` | When `argument` is sorted using the `<` operator, it matches container matcher `m`. E.g. `WhenSorted(ElementsAre(1, 2, 3))` verifies that `argument` contains elements `1`, `2`, and `3`, ignoring order. |
| `WhenSortedBy(comparator, m)` | The same as `WhenSorted(m)`, except that the given comparator instead of `<` is used to sort `argument`. E.g. `WhenSortedBy(std::greater<int>(), ElementsAre(3, 2, 1))`. |
Notes:
* These matchers can also match:
1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and
1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#multiargument-matchers)).
* The array being matched may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays).
* `m` in `Pointwise(m, ...)` should be a matcher for `::testing::tuple<T, U>` where `T` and `U` are the element type of the actual container and the expected container, respectively. For example, to compare two `Foo` containers where `Foo` doesn't support `operator==` but has an `Equals()` method, one might write:
```cpp
using ::testing::get;
MATCHER(FooEq, "") {
return get<0>(arg).Equals(get<1>(arg));
}
...
EXPECT_THAT(actual_foos, Pointwise(FooEq(), expected_foos));
```
## Member Matchers ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.|
|`Key(e)`|`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.|
|`Pair(m1, m2)`|`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`.|
|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.|
## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.|
## Pointer Matchers ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`Pointee(m)` |`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.|
|`WhenDynamicCastTo<T>(m)`| when `argument` is passed through `dynamic_cast<T>()`, it matches matcher `m`. |
## Multiargument Matchers ##
Technically, all matchers match a _single_ value. A "multi-argument"
matcher is just one that matches a _tuple_. The following matchers can
be used to match a tuple `(x, y)`:
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Eq()`|`x == y`|
|`Ge()`|`x >= y`|
|`Gt()`|`x > y` |
|`Le()`|`x <= y`|
|`Lt()`|`x < y` |
|`Ne()`|`x != y`|
You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments
(or reorder them) to participate in the matching:
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.|
|`Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(m)`|The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`.|
## Composite Matchers ##
You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers:
| Matcher | Description |
|:-----------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------|
|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`. |
|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.|
|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. |
## Adapters for Matchers ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`MatcherCast<T>(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher<T>`.|
|`SafeMatcherCast<T>(m)`| [safely casts](CookBook.md#casting-matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher<T>`.|
|`Truly(predicate)`|`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.|
## Matchers as Predicates ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Matches(m)(value)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor.|
|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`.|
|`Value(value, m)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`.|
## Defining Matchers ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. |
| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. |
| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. |
**Notes:**
1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class.
1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters).
1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string.
## Matchers as Test Assertions ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](../../googletest/docs/primer.md#assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.|
|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.|
# Actions #
**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked.
## Returning a Value ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.|
|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type <i>at the time the expectation is set</i>, not when the action is executed.|
|`ReturnArg<N>()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.|
|`ReturnNew<T>(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.|
|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer.|
|`ReturnPointee(ptr)`|Return the value pointed to by `ptr`.|
|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`.|
|`ReturnRefOfCopy(value)`|Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action.|
## Side Effects ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.|
|`DeleteArg<N>()`| Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer.|
|`SaveArg<N>(pointer)`| Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`.|
|`SaveArgPointee<N>(pointer)`| Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`.|
|`SetArgReferee<N>(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. |
|`SetArgPointee<N>(value)` |Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.|
|`SetArgumentPointee<N>(value)`|Same as `SetArgPointee<N>(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0.|
|`SetArrayArgument<N>(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.|
|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.|
|`Throw(exception)`|Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.|
## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.|
|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function.|
|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments.|
|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments.|
|`InvokeArgument<N>(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.|
The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value
of the action.
When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`:
```cpp
double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); }
...
EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance));
```
In `InvokeArgument<N>(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example,
```cpp
InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo))
```
calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference.
## Default Action ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).|
**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error.
## Composite Actions ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)` |Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. |
|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. |
|`WithArg<N>(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. |
|`WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. |
|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. |
## Defining Actions ##
| Matcher | Description |
|:----------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. |
| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. |
| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. |
The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class.
# Cardinalities #
These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called:
| Matcher | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.|
|`AtLeast(n)`|The call is expected at least `n` times.|
|`AtMost(n)`|The call is expected at most `n` times.|
|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.|
|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.|
# Expectation Order #
By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some
or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two
ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or
together.
## The After Clause ##
```cpp
using ::testing::Expectation;
...
Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX());
Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY());
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.After(init_x, init_y);
```
says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and
`InitY()` have been called.
If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you
write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them:
```cpp
using ::testing::ExpectationSet;
...
ExpectationSet all_inits;
for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) {
all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i));
}
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.After(all_inits);
```
says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been
initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized
before the others).
Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't
affect the meaning of the `.After()`.
## Sequences ##
When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to
specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given
each expectation in the chain a different name. <i>All expected<br>
calls</i> in the same sequence must occur in the order they are
specified.
```cpp
using ::testing::Sequence;
Sequence s1, s2;
...
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset())
.InSequence(s1, s2)
.WillOnce(Return(true));
EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize())
.InSequence(s1)
.WillOnce(Return(1));
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A<const char*>()))
.InSequence(s2)
.WillOnce(Return("dummy"));
```
says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_
`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order.
To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently:
```cpp
using ::testing::InSequence;
{
InSequence dummy;
EXPECT_CALL(...)...;
EXPECT_CALL(...)...;
...
EXPECT_CALL(...)...;
}
```
says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in
strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.)
# Verifying and Resetting a Mock #
Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier:
```cpp
using ::testing::Mock;
...
// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj;
// returns true iff successful.
Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj);
...
// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj;
// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL();
// returns true iff successful.
Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj);
```
You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't
need to be verified:
```cpp
Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj);
```
# Mock Classes #
Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template
```cpp
class MockFunction<R(A1, ..., An)> {
public:
MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An));
};
```
See this [recipe](CookBook.md#using-check-points) for one application of it.
# Flags #
| Flag | Description |
|:--------|:------------|
| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. |
| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. |

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This page discusses the design of new Google Mock features.
# Macros for Defining Actions #
## Problem ##
Due to the lack of closures in C++, it currently requires some
non-trivial effort to define a custom action in Google Mock. For
example, suppose you want to "increment the value pointed to by the
second argument of the mock function and return it", you could write:
```cpp
int IncrementArg1(Unused, int* p, Unused) {
return ++(*p);
}
... WillOnce(Invoke(IncrementArg1));
```
There are several things unsatisfactory about this approach:
* Even though the action only cares about the second argument of the mock function, its definition needs to list other arguments as dummies. This is tedious.
* The defined action is usable only in mock functions that takes exactly 3 arguments - an unnecessary restriction.
* To use the action, one has to say `Invoke(IncrementArg1)`, which isn't as nice as `IncrementArg1()`.
The latter two problems can be overcome using `MakePolymorphicAction()`,
but it requires much more boilerplate code:
```cpp
class IncrementArg1Action {
public:
template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
return ++(*tr1::get<1>(args));
}
};
PolymorphicAction<IncrementArg1Action> IncrementArg1() {
return MakePolymorphicAction(IncrementArg1Action());
}
... WillOnce(IncrementArg1());
```
Our goal is to allow defining custom actions with the least amount of
boiler-plate C++ requires.
## Solution ##
We propose to introduce a new macro:
```cpp
ACTION(name) { statements; }
```
Using this in a namespace scope will define an action with the given
name that executes the statements. Inside the statements, you can
refer to the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`.
For example:
```cpp
ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); }
```
allows you to write
```cpp
... WillOnce(IncrementArg1());
```
Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function
arguments, as brevity is a top design goal here. Rest assured that
your code is still type-safe though: you'll get a compiler error if
`*arg1` doesn't support the `++` operator, or if the type of
`++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock function's return type.
Another example:
```cpp
ACTION(Foo) {
(*arg2)(5);
Blah();
*arg1 = 0;
return arg0;
}
```
defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer)
with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument
#1 to 0, and returns argument #0.
For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following
pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`:
| Argument | Description |
|:----------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------|
| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function |
| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple |
| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple |
| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function |
| `function_type` | The type of the mock function |
For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function:
```cpp
int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr);
```
we have:
| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** |
|:-----------------------|:----------------|
| `arg0` | the value of `flag` |
| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` |
| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` |
| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` |
| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` |
| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple<bool, int*>` |
| `return_type` | the type `int` |
| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` |
## Parameterized actions ##
Sometimes you'll want to parameterize the action. For that we propose
another macro
```cpp
ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; }
```
For example,
```cpp
ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; }
```
will allow you to write
```cpp
// Returns argument #0 + 5.
... WillOnce(Add(5));
```
For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to
invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values
used to instantiate an action.
Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either.
Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the
Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the
parameter as inferred by the compiler.
We will also provide `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support
multi-parameter actions. For example,
```cpp
ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) {
double dx = arg0 - x;
double dy = arg1 - y;
return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
}
```
lets you write
```cpp
... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5));
```
You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the
number of parameters is 0.
## Advanced Usages ##
### Overloading Actions ###
You can easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters:
```cpp
ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... }
ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... }
```
### Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter ###
For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't let
you specify the types of the mock function arguments and the action
parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us.
Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types.
There are several tricks to do that. For example:
```cpp
ACTION(Foo) {
// Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int.
int n = arg0;
... use n instead of arg0 here ...
}
ACTION_P(Bar, param) {
// Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*.
::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<const char*, arg1_type>();
// Makes sure param can be converted to bool.
bool flag = param;
}
```
where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion we plan to add to
Google Test (the name is chosen to match `static_assert` in C++0x).
### Using the ACTION Object's Type ###
If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll
need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define
the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple:
| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** |
|:-------------------------|:-----------------------------|:-------------------------|
| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` |
| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP<int>` |
| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2<bool, int>` |
| ... | ... | ... |
Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`,
`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of parameters,
or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the number of
parameters.
## When to Use ##
While the new macros are very convenient, please also consider other
means of implementing actions (e.g. via `ActionInterface` or
`MakePolymorphicAction()`), especially if you need to use the defined
action a lot. While the other approaches require more work, they give
you more control on the types of the mock function arguments and the
action parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error
messages that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading
actions based on parameter types, as opposed to just the number of
parameters.
## Related Work ##
As you may have realized, the `ACTION*` macros resemble closures (also
known as lambda expressions or anonymous functions). Indeed, both of
them seek to lower the syntactic overhead for defining a function.
C++0x will support lambdas, but they are not part of C++ right now.
Some non-standard libraries (most notably BLL or Boost Lambda Library)
try to alleviate this problem. However, they are not a good choice
for defining actions as:
* They are non-standard and not widely installed. Google Mock only depends on standard libraries and `tr1::tuple`, which is part of the new C++ standard and comes with gcc 4+. We want to keep it that way.
* They are not trivial to learn.
* They will become obsolete when C++0x's lambda feature is widely supported. We don't want to make our users use a dying library.
* Since they are based on operators, they are rather ad hoc: you cannot use statements, and you cannot pass the lambda arguments to a function, for example.
* They have subtle semantics that easily confuses new users. For example, in expression `_1++ + foo++`, `foo` will be incremented only once where the expression is evaluated, while `_1` will be incremented every time the unnamed function is invoked. This is far from intuitive.
`ACTION*` avoid all these problems.
## Future Improvements ##
There may be a need for composing `ACTION*` definitions (i.e. invoking
another `ACTION` inside the definition of one `ACTION*`). We are not
sure we want it yet, as one can get a similar effect by putting
`ACTION` definitions in function templates and composing the function
templates. We'll revisit this based on user feedback.
The reason we don't allow `ACTION*()` inside a function body is that
the current C++ standard doesn't allow function-local types to be used
to instantiate templates. The upcoming C++0x standard will lift this
restriction. Once this feature is widely supported by compilers, we
can revisit the implementation and add support for using `ACTION*()`
inside a function.
C++0x will also support lambda expressions. When they become
available, we may want to support using lambdas as actions.
# Macros for Defining Matchers #
Once the macros for defining actions are implemented, we plan to do
the same for matchers:
```cpp
MATCHER(name) { statements; }
```
where you can refer to the value being matched as `arg`. For example,
given:
```cpp
MATCHER(IsPositive) { return arg > 0; }
```
you can use `IsPositive()` as a matcher that matches a value iff it is
greater than 0.
We will also add `MATCHER_P`, `MATCHER_P2`, and etc for parameterized
matchers.

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This page lists all documentation markdown files for Google Mock **(the
current git version)**
-- **if you use a former version of Google Mock, please read the
documentation for that specific version instead (e.g. by checking out
the respective git branch/tag).**
* [ForDummies](ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock.
* [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference.
* [CookBook](CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock.
* [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Mock, read:
* [CONTRIBUTING](../../CONTRIBUTING.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [Pump Manual](../../googletest/docs/PumpManual.md) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files.

447
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(**Note:** If you get compiler errors that you don't understand, be sure to consult [Google Mock Doctor](FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md#how-am-i-supposed-to-make-sense-of-these-horrible-template-errors).)
# What Is Google C++ Mocking Framework? #
When you write a prototype or test, often it's not feasible or wise to rely on real objects entirely. A **mock object** implements the same interface as a real object (so it can be used as one), but lets you specify at run time how it will be used and what it should do (which methods will be called? in which order? how many times? with what arguments? what will they return? etc).
**Note:** It is easy to confuse the term _fake objects_ with mock objects. Fakes and mocks actually mean very different things in the Test-Driven Development (TDD) community:
* **Fake** objects have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut (perhaps to make the operations less expensive), which makes them not suitable for production. An in-memory file system would be an example of a fake.
* **Mocks** are objects pre-programmed with _expectations_, which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive.
If all this seems too abstract for you, don't worry - the most important thing to remember is that a mock allows you to check the _interaction_ between itself and code that uses it. The difference between fakes and mocks will become much clearer once you start to use mocks.
**Google C++ Mocking Framework** (or **Google Mock** for short) is a library (sometimes we also call it a "framework" to make it sound cool) for creating mock classes and using them. It does to C++ what [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/) do to Java.
Using Google Mock involves three basic steps:
1. Use some simple macros to describe the interface you want to mock, and they will expand to the implementation of your mock class;
1. Create some mock objects and specify its expectations and behavior using an intuitive syntax;
1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects. Google Mock will catch any violation of the expectations as soon as it arises.
# Why Google Mock? #
While mock objects help you remove unnecessary dependencies in tests and make them fast and reliable, using mocks manually in C++ is _hard_:
* Someone has to implement the mocks. The job is usually tedious and error-prone. No wonder people go great distances to avoid it.
* The quality of those manually written mocks is a bit, uh, unpredictable. You may see some really polished ones, but you may also see some that were hacked up in a hurry and have all sorts of ad-hoc restrictions.
* The knowledge you gained from using one mock doesn't transfer to the next.
In contrast, Java and Python programmers have some fine mock frameworks, which automate the creation of mocks. As a result, mocking is a proven effective technique and widely adopted practice in those communities. Having the right tool absolutely makes the difference.
Google Mock was built to help C++ programmers. It was inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/) and [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), but designed with C++'s specifics in mind. It is your friend if any of the following problems is bothering you:
* You are stuck with a sub-optimal design and wish you had done more prototyping before it was too late, but prototyping in C++ is by no means "rapid".
* Your tests are slow as they depend on too many libraries or use expensive resources (e.g. a database).
* Your tests are brittle as some resources they use are unreliable (e.g. the network).
* You want to test how your code handles a failure (e.g. a file checksum error), but it's not easy to cause one.
* You need to make sure that your module interacts with other modules in the right way, but it's hard to observe the interaction; therefore you resort to observing the side effects at the end of the action, which is awkward at best.
* You want to "mock out" your dependencies, except that they don't have mock implementations yet; and, frankly, you aren't thrilled by some of those hand-written mocks.
We encourage you to use Google Mock as:
* a _design_ tool, for it lets you experiment with your interface design early and often. More iterations lead to better designs!
* a _testing_ tool to cut your tests' outbound dependencies and probe the interaction between your module and its collaborators.
# Getting Started #
Using Google Mock is easy! Inside your C++ source file, just `#include` `"gtest/gtest.h"` and `"gmock/gmock.h"`, and you are ready to go.
# A Case for Mock Turtles #
Let's look at an example. Suppose you are developing a graphics program that relies on a LOGO-like API for drawing. How would you test that it does the right thing? Well, you can run it and compare the screen with a golden screen snapshot, but let's admit it: tests like this are expensive to run and fragile (What if you just upgraded to a shiny new graphics card that has better anti-aliasing? Suddenly you have to update all your golden images.). It would be too painful if all your tests are like this. Fortunately, you learned about Dependency Injection and know the right thing to do: instead of having your application talk to the drawing API directly, wrap the API in an interface (say, `Turtle`) and code to that interface:
```cpp
class Turtle {
...
virtual ~Turtle() {}
virtual void PenUp() = 0;
virtual void PenDown() = 0;
virtual void Forward(int distance) = 0;
virtual void Turn(int degrees) = 0;
virtual void GoTo(int x, int y) = 0;
virtual int GetX() const = 0;
virtual int GetY() const = 0;
};
```
(Note that the destructor of `Turtle` **must** be virtual, as is the case for **all** classes you intend to inherit from - otherwise the destructor of the derived class will not be called when you delete an object through a base pointer, and you'll get corrupted program states like memory leaks.)
You can control whether the turtle's movement will leave a trace using `PenUp()` and `PenDown()`, and control its movement using `Forward()`, `Turn()`, and `GoTo()`. Finally, `GetX()` and `GetY()` tell you the current position of the turtle.
Your program will normally use a real implementation of this interface. In tests, you can use a mock implementation instead. This allows you to easily check what drawing primitives your program is calling, with what arguments, and in which order. Tests written this way are much more robust (they won't break because your new machine does anti-aliasing differently), easier to read and maintain (the intent of a test is expressed in the code, not in some binary images), and run _much, much faster_.
# Writing the Mock Class #
If you are lucky, the mocks you need to use have already been implemented by some nice people. If, however, you find yourself in the position to write a mock class, relax - Google Mock turns this task into a fun game! (Well, almost.)
## How to Define It ##
Using the `Turtle` interface as example, here are the simple steps you need to follow:
1. Derive a class `MockTurtle` from `Turtle`.
1. Take a _virtual_ function of `Turtle` (while it's possible to [mock non-virtual methods using templates](CookBook.md#mocking-nonvirtual-methods), it's much more involved). Count how many arguments it has.
1. In the `public:` section of the child class, write `MOCK_METHODn();` (or `MOCK_CONST_METHODn();` if you are mocking a `const` method), where `n` is the number of the arguments; if you counted wrong, shame on you, and a compiler error will tell you so.
1. Now comes the fun part: you take the function signature, cut-and-paste the _function name_ as the _first_ argument to the macro, and leave what's left as the _second_ argument (in case you're curious, this is the _type of the function_).
1. Repeat until all virtual functions you want to mock are done.
After the process, you should have something like:
```cpp
#include "gmock/gmock.h" // Brings in Google Mock.
class MockTurtle : public Turtle {
public:
...
MOCK_METHOD0(PenUp, void());
MOCK_METHOD0(PenDown, void());
MOCK_METHOD1(Forward, void(int distance));
MOCK_METHOD1(Turn, void(int degrees));
MOCK_METHOD2(GoTo, void(int x, int y));
MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetX, int());
MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetY, int());
};
```
You don't need to define these mock methods somewhere else - the `MOCK_METHOD*` macros will generate the definitions for you. It's that simple! Once you get the hang of it, you can pump out mock classes faster than your source-control system can handle your check-ins.
**Tip:** If even this is too much work for you, you'll find the
`gmock_gen.py` tool in Google Mock's `scripts/generator/` directory (courtesy of the [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) project) useful. This command-line
tool requires that you have Python 2.4 installed. You give it a C++ file and the name of an abstract class defined in it,
and it will print the definition of the mock class for you. Due to the
complexity of the C++ language, this script may not always work, but
it can be quite handy when it does. For more details, read the [user documentation](../scripts/generator/README).
## Where to Put It ##
When you define a mock class, you need to decide where to put its definition. Some people put it in a `*_test.cc`. This is fine when the interface being mocked (say, `Foo`) is owned by the same person or team. Otherwise, when the owner of `Foo` changes it, your test could break. (You can't really expect `Foo`'s maintainer to fix every test that uses `Foo`, can you?)
So, the rule of thumb is: if you need to mock `Foo` and it's owned by others, define the mock class in `Foo`'s package (better, in a `testing` sub-package such that you can clearly separate production code and testing utilities), and put it in a `mock_foo.h`. Then everyone can reference `mock_foo.h` from their tests. If `Foo` ever changes, there is only one copy of `MockFoo` to change, and only tests that depend on the changed methods need to be fixed.
Another way to do it: you can introduce a thin layer `FooAdaptor` on top of `Foo` and code to this new interface. Since you own `FooAdaptor`, you can absorb changes in `Foo` much more easily. While this is more work initially, carefully choosing the adaptor interface can make your code easier to write and more readable (a net win in the long run), as you can choose `FooAdaptor` to fit your specific domain much better than `Foo` does.
# Using Mocks in Tests #
Once you have a mock class, using it is easy. The typical work flow is:
1. Import the Google Mock names from the `testing` namespace such that you can use them unqualified (You only have to do it once per file. Remember that namespaces are a good idea and good for your health.).
1. Create some mock objects.
1. Specify your expectations on them (How many times will a method be called? With what arguments? What should it do? etc.).
1. Exercise some code that uses the mocks; optionally, check the result using Google Test assertions. If a mock method is called more than expected or with wrong arguments, you'll get an error immediately.
1. When a mock is destructed, Google Mock will automatically check whether all expectations on it have been satisfied.
Here's an example:
```cpp
#include "path/to/mock-turtle.h"
#include "gmock/gmock.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
using ::testing::AtLeast; // #1
TEST(PainterTest, CanDrawSomething) {
MockTurtle turtle; // #2
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown()) // #3
.Times(AtLeast(1));
Painter painter(&turtle); // #4
EXPECT_TRUE(painter.DrawCircle(0, 0, 10));
} // #5
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// The following line must be executed to initialize Google Mock
// (and Google Test) before running the tests.
::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
```
As you might have guessed, this test checks that `PenDown()` is called at least once. If the `painter` object didn't call this method, your test will fail with a message like this:
```
path/to/my_test.cc:119: Failure
Actual function call count doesn't match this expectation:
Actually: never called;
Expected: called at least once.
```
**Tip 1:** If you run the test from an Emacs buffer, you can hit `<Enter>` on the line number displayed in the error message to jump right to the failed expectation.
**Tip 2:** If your mock objects are never deleted, the final verification won't happen. Therefore it's a good idea to use a heap leak checker in your tests when you allocate mocks on the heap.
**Important note:** Google Mock requires expectations to be set **before** the mock functions are called, otherwise the behavior is **undefined**. In particular, you mustn't interleave `EXPECT_CALL()`s and calls to the mock functions.
This means `EXPECT_CALL()` should be read as expecting that a call will occur _in the future_, not that a call has occurred. Why does Google Mock work like that? Well, specifying the expectation beforehand allows Google Mock to report a violation as soon as it arises, when the context (stack trace, etc) is still available. This makes debugging much easier.
Admittedly, this test is contrived and doesn't do much. You can easily achieve the same effect without using Google Mock. However, as we shall reveal soon, Google Mock allows you to do _much more_ with the mocks.
## Using Google Mock with Any Testing Framework ##
If you want to use something other than Google Test (e.g. [CppUnit](http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppunit/) or
[CxxTest](https://cxxtest.com/)) as your testing framework, just change the `main()` function in the previous section to:
```cpp
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// The following line causes Google Mock to throw an exception on failure,
// which will be interpreted by your testing framework as a test failure.
::testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
... whatever your testing framework requires ...
}
```
This approach has a catch: it makes Google Mock throw an exception
from a mock object's destructor sometimes. With some compilers, this
sometimes causes the test program to crash. You'll still be able to
notice that the test has failed, but it's not a graceful failure.
A better solution is to use Google Test's
[event listener API](../../googletest/docs/advanced.md#extending-googletest-by-handling-test-events)
to report a test failure to your testing framework properly. You'll need to
implement the `OnTestPartResult()` method of the event listener interface, but it
should be straightforward.
If this turns out to be too much work, we suggest that you stick with
Google Test, which works with Google Mock seamlessly (in fact, it is
technically part of Google Mock.). If there is a reason that you
cannot use Google Test, please let us know.
# Setting Expectations #
The key to using a mock object successfully is to set the _right expectations_ on it. If you set the expectations too strict, your test will fail as the result of unrelated changes. If you set them too loose, bugs can slip through. You want to do it just right such that your test can catch exactly the kind of bugs you intend it to catch. Google Mock provides the necessary means for you to do it "just right."
## General Syntax ##
In Google Mock we use the `EXPECT_CALL()` macro to set an expectation on a mock method. The general syntax is:
```cpp
EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers))
.Times(cardinality)
.WillOnce(action)
.WillRepeatedly(action);
```
The macro has two arguments: first the mock object, and then the method and its arguments. Note that the two are separated by a comma (`,`), not a period (`.`). (Why using a comma? The answer is that it was necessary for technical reasons.)
The macro can be followed by some optional _clauses_ that provide more information about the expectation. We'll discuss how each clause works in the coming sections.
This syntax is designed to make an expectation read like English. For example, you can probably guess that
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.Times(5)
.WillOnce(Return(100))
.WillOnce(Return(150))
.WillRepeatedly(Return(200));
```
says that the `turtle` object's `GetX()` method will be called five times, it will return 100 the first time, 150 the second time, and then 200 every time. Some people like to call this style of syntax a Domain-Specific Language (DSL).
**Note:** Why do we use a macro to do this? It serves two purposes: first it makes expectations easily identifiable (either by `grep` or by a human reader), and second it allows Google Mock to include the source file location of a failed expectation in messages, making debugging easier.
## Matchers: What Arguments Do We Expect? ##
When a mock function takes arguments, we must specify what arguments we are expecting; for example:
```cpp
// Expects the turtle to move forward by 100 units.
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100));
```
Sometimes you may not want to be too specific (Remember that talk about tests being too rigid? Over specification leads to brittle tests and obscures the intent of tests. Therefore we encourage you to specify only what's necessary - no more, no less.). If you care to check that `Forward()` will be called but aren't interested in its actual argument, write `_` as the argument, which means "anything goes":
```cpp
using ::testing::_;
...
// Expects the turtle to move forward.
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_));
```
`_` is an instance of what we call **matchers**. A matcher is like a predicate and can test whether an argument is what we'd expect. You can use a matcher inside `EXPECT_CALL()` wherever a function argument is expected.
A list of built-in matchers can be found in the [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md). For example, here's the `Ge` (greater than or equal) matcher:
```cpp
using ::testing::Ge;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(Ge(100)));
```
This checks that the turtle will be told to go forward by at least 100 units.
## Cardinalities: How Many Times Will It Be Called? ##
The first clause we can specify following an `EXPECT_CALL()` is `Times()`. We call its argument a **cardinality** as it tells _how many times_ the call should occur. It allows us to repeat an expectation many times without actually writing it as many times. More importantly, a cardinality can be "fuzzy", just like a matcher can be. This allows a user to express the intent of a test exactly.
An interesting special case is when we say `Times(0)`. You may have guessed - it means that the function shouldn't be called with the given arguments at all, and Google Mock will report a Google Test failure whenever the function is (wrongfully) called.
We've seen `AtLeast(n)` as an example of fuzzy cardinalities earlier. For the list of built-in cardinalities you can use, see the [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md).
The `Times()` clause can be omitted. **If you omit `Times()`, Google Mock will infer the cardinality for you.** The rules are easy to remember:
* If **neither** `WillOnce()` **nor** `WillRepeatedly()` is in the `EXPECT_CALL()`, the inferred cardinality is `Times(1)`.
* If there are `n WillOnce()`'s but **no** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1, the cardinality is `Times(n)`.
* If there are `n WillOnce()`'s and **one** `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0, the cardinality is `Times(AtLeast(n))`.
**Quick quiz:** what do you think will happen if a function is expected to be called twice but actually called four times?
## Actions: What Should It Do? ##
Remember that a mock object doesn't really have a working implementation? We as users have to tell it what to do when a method is invoked. This is easy in Google Mock.
First, if the return type of a mock function is a built-in type or a pointer, the function has a **default action** (a `void` function will just return, a `bool` function will return `false`, and other functions will return 0). In addition, in C++ 11 and above, a mock function whose return type is default-constructible (i.e. has a default constructor) has a default action of returning a default-constructed value. If you don't say anything, this behavior will be used.
Second, if a mock function doesn't have a default action, or the default action doesn't suit you, you can specify the action to be taken each time the expectation matches using a series of `WillOnce()` clauses followed by an optional `WillRepeatedly()`. For example,
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.WillOnce(Return(100))
.WillOnce(Return(200))
.WillOnce(Return(300));
```
This says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called _exactly three times_ (Google Mock inferred this from how many `WillOnce()` clauses we've written, since we didn't explicitly write `Times()`), and will return 100, 200, and 300 respectively.
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY())
.WillOnce(Return(100))
.WillOnce(Return(200))
.WillRepeatedly(Return(300));
```
says that `turtle.GetY()` will be called _at least twice_ (Google Mock knows this as we've written two `WillOnce()` clauses and a `WillRepeatedly()` while having no explicit `Times()`), will return 100 the first time, 200 the second time, and 300 from the third time on.
Of course, if you explicitly write a `Times()`, Google Mock will not try to infer the cardinality itself. What if the number you specified is larger than there are `WillOnce()` clauses? Well, after all `WillOnce()`s are used up, Google Mock will do the _default_ action for the function every time (unless, of course, you have a `WillRepeatedly()`.).
What can we do inside `WillOnce()` besides `Return()`? You can return a reference using `ReturnRef(variable)`, or invoke a pre-defined function, among [others](CheatSheet.md#actions).
**Important note:** The `EXPECT_CALL()` statement evaluates the action clause only once, even though the action may be performed many times. Therefore you must be careful about side effects. The following may not do what you want:
```cpp
int n = 100;
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.Times(4)
.WillRepeatedly(Return(n++));
```
Instead of returning 100, 101, 102, ..., consecutively, this mock function will always return 100 as `n++` is only evaluated once. Similarly, `Return(new Foo)` will create a new `Foo` object when the `EXPECT_CALL()` is executed, and will return the same pointer every time. If you want the side effect to happen every time, you need to define a custom action, which we'll teach in the [CookBook](CookBook.md).
Time for another quiz! What do you think the following means?
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetY())
.Times(4)
.WillOnce(Return(100));
```
Obviously `turtle.GetY()` is expected to be called four times. But if you think it will return 100 every time, think twice! Remember that one `WillOnce()` clause will be consumed each time the function is invoked and the default action will be taken afterwards. So the right answer is that `turtle.GetY()` will return 100 the first time, but **return 0 from the second time on**, as returning 0 is the default action for `int` functions.
## Using Multiple Expectations ##
So far we've only shown examples where you have a single expectation. More realistically, you're going to specify expectations on multiple mock methods, which may be from multiple mock objects.
By default, when a mock method is invoked, Google Mock will search the expectations in the **reverse order** they are defined, and stop when an active expectation that matches the arguments is found (you can think of it as "newer rules override older ones."). If the matching expectation cannot take any more calls, you will get an upper-bound-violated failure. Here's an example:
```cpp
using ::testing::_;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(_)); // #1
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(10)) // #2
.Times(2);
```
If `Forward(10)` is called three times in a row, the third time it will be an error, as the last matching expectation (#2) has been saturated. If, however, the third `Forward(10)` call is replaced by `Forward(20)`, then it would be OK, as now #1 will be the matching expectation.
**Side note:** Why does Google Mock search for a match in the _reverse_ order of the expectations? The reason is that this allows a user to set up the default expectations in a mock object's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase and then customize the mock by writing more specific expectations in the test body. So, if you have two expectations on the same method, you want to put the one with more specific matchers **after** the other, or the more specific rule would be shadowed by the more general one that comes after it.
## Ordered vs Unordered Calls ##
By default, an expectation can match a call even though an earlier expectation hasn't been satisfied. In other words, the calls don't have to occur in the order the expectations are specified.
Sometimes, you may want all the expected calls to occur in a strict order. To say this in Google Mock is easy:
```cpp
using ::testing::InSequence;
...
TEST(FooTest, DrawsLineSegment) {
...
{
InSequence dummy;
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenDown());
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, Forward(100));
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, PenUp());
}
Foo();
}
```
By creating an object of type `InSequence`, all expectations in its scope are put into a _sequence_ and have to occur _sequentially_. Since we are just relying on the constructor and destructor of this object to do the actual work, its name is really irrelevant.
In this example, we test that `Foo()` calls the three expected functions in the order as written. If a call is made out-of-order, it will be an error.
(What if you care about the relative order of some of the calls, but not all of them? Can you specify an arbitrary partial order? The answer is ... yes! If you are impatient, the details can be found in the [CookBook](CookBook.md#expecting-partially-ordered-calls).)
## All Expectations Are Sticky (Unless Said Otherwise) ##
Now let's do a quick quiz to see how well you can use this mock stuff already. How would you test that the turtle is asked to go to the origin _exactly twice_ (you want to ignore any other instructions it receives)?
After you've come up with your answer, take a look at ours and compare notes (solve it yourself first - don't cheat!):
```cpp
using ::testing::_;
...
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(_, _)) // #1
.Times(AnyNumber());
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GoTo(0, 0)) // #2
.Times(2);
```
Suppose `turtle.GoTo(0, 0)` is called three times. In the third time, Google Mock will see that the arguments match expectation #2 (remember that we always pick the last matching expectation). Now, since we said that there should be only two such calls, Google Mock will report an error immediately. This is basically what we've told you in the "Using Multiple Expectations" section above.
This example shows that **expectations in Google Mock are "sticky" by default**, in the sense that they remain active even after we have reached their invocation upper bounds. This is an important rule to remember, as it affects the meaning of the spec, and is **different** to how it's done in many other mocking frameworks (Why'd we do that? Because we think our rule makes the common cases easier to express and understand.).
Simple? Let's see if you've really understood it: what does the following code say?
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.WillOnce(Return(10*i));
}
```
If you think it says that `turtle.GetX()` will be called `n` times and will return 10, 20, 30, ..., consecutively, think twice! The problem is that, as we said, expectations are sticky. So, the second time `turtle.GetX()` is called, the last (latest) `EXPECT_CALL()` statement will match, and will immediately lead to an "upper bound exceeded" error - this piece of code is not very useful!
One correct way of saying that `turtle.GetX()` will return 10, 20, 30, ..., is to explicitly say that the expectations are _not_ sticky. In other words, they should _retire_ as soon as they are saturated:
```cpp
using ::testing::Return;
...
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.WillOnce(Return(10*i))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
}
```
And, there's a better way to do it: in this case, we expect the calls to occur in a specific order, and we line up the actions to match the order. Since the order is important here, we should make it explicit using a sequence:
```cpp
using ::testing::InSequence;
using ::testing::Return;
...
{
InSequence s;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
EXPECT_CALL(turtle, GetX())
.WillOnce(Return(10*i))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
}
}
```
By the way, the other situation where an expectation may _not_ be sticky is when it's in a sequence - as soon as another expectation that comes after it in the sequence has been used, it automatically retires (and will never be used to match any call).
## Uninteresting Calls ##
A mock object may have many methods, and not all of them are that interesting. For example, in some tests we may not care about how many times `GetX()` and `GetY()` get called.
In Google Mock, if you are not interested in a method, just don't say anything about it. If a call to this method occurs, you'll see a warning in the test output, but it won't be a failure.
# What Now? #
Congratulations! You've learned enough about Google Mock to start using it. Now, you might want to join the [googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion group and actually write some tests using Google Mock - it will be fun. Hey, it may even be addictive - you've been warned.
Then, if you feel like increasing your mock quotient, you should move on to the [CookBook](CookBook.md). You can learn many advanced features of Google Mock there -- and advance your level of enjoyment and testing bliss.

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Please send your questions to the
[googlemock](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) discussion
group. If you need help with compiler errors, make sure you have
tried [Google Mock Doctor](#how-am-i-supposed-to-make-sense-of-these-horrible-template-errors) first.
## When I call a method on my mock object, the method for the real object is invoked instead. What's the problem? ##
In order for a method to be mocked, it must be _virtual_, unless you use the [high-perf dependency injection technique](CookBook.md#mocking-nonvirtual-methods).
## I wrote some matchers. After I upgraded to a new version of Google Mock, they no longer compile. What's going on? ##
After version 1.4.0 of Google Mock was released, we had an idea on how
to make it easier to write matchers that can generate informative
messages efficiently. We experimented with this idea and liked what
we saw. Therefore we decided to implement it.
Unfortunately, this means that if you have defined your own matchers
by implementing `MatcherInterface` or using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`,
your definitions will no longer compile. Matchers defined using the
`MATCHER*` family of macros are not affected.
Sorry for the hassle if your matchers are affected. We believe it's
in everyone's long-term interest to make this change sooner than
later. Fortunately, it's usually not hard to migrate an existing
matcher to the new API. Here's what you need to do:
If you wrote your matcher like this:
```cpp
// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest
// Google Mock.
using ::testing::MatcherInterface;
...
class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface<MyType> {
public:
...
virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetFoo() > 5;
}
...
};
```
you'll need to change it to:
```cpp
// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock.
using ::testing::MatcherInterface;
using ::testing::MatchResultListener;
...
class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface<MyType> {
public:
...
virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value,
MatchResultListener* listener) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetFoo() > 5;
}
...
};
```
(i.e. rename `Matches()` to `MatchAndExplain()` and give it a second
argument of type `MatchResultListener*`.)
If you were also using `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to improve the matcher
message:
```cpp
// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the lastest
// Google Mock.
using ::testing::MatcherInterface;
...
class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface<MyType> {
public:
...
virtual bool Matches(MyType value) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetFoo() > 5;
}
virtual void ExplainMatchResultTo(MyType value,
::std::ostream* os) const {
// Prints some helpful information to os to help
// a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match).
*os << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo();
}
...
};
```
you should move the logic of `ExplainMatchResultTo()` into
`MatchAndExplain()`, using the `MatchResultListener` argument where
the `::std::ostream` was used:
```cpp
// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock.
using ::testing::MatcherInterface;
using ::testing::MatchResultListener;
...
class MyWonderfulMatcher : public MatcherInterface<MyType> {
public:
...
virtual bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value,
MatchResultListener* listener) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
*listener << "the Foo property is " << value.GetFoo();
return value.GetFoo() > 5;
}
...
};
```
If your matcher is defined using `MakePolymorphicMatcher()`:
```cpp
// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest
// Google Mock.
using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher;
...
class MyGreatMatcher {
public:
...
bool Matches(MyType value) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetBar() < 42;
}
...
};
... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ...
```
you should rename the `Matches()` method to `MatchAndExplain()` and
add a `MatchResultListener*` argument (the same as what you need to do
for matchers defined by implementing `MatcherInterface`):
```cpp
// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock.
using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher;
using ::testing::MatchResultListener;
...
class MyGreatMatcher {
public:
...
bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value,
MatchResultListener* listener) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetBar() < 42;
}
...
};
... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ...
```
If your polymorphic matcher uses `ExplainMatchResultTo()` for better
failure messages:
```cpp
// Old matcher definition that doesn't work with the latest
// Google Mock.
using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher;
...
class MyGreatMatcher {
public:
...
bool Matches(MyType value) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
return value.GetBar() < 42;
}
...
};
void ExplainMatchResultTo(const MyGreatMatcher& matcher,
MyType value,
::std::ostream* os) {
// Prints some helpful information to os to help
// a user understand why value matches (or doesn't match).
*os << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar();
}
... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ...
```
you'll need to move the logic inside `ExplainMatchResultTo()` to
`MatchAndExplain()`:
```cpp
// New matcher definition that works with the latest Google Mock.
using ::testing::MakePolymorphicMatcher;
using ::testing::MatchResultListener;
...
class MyGreatMatcher {
public:
...
bool MatchAndExplain(MyType value,
MatchResultListener* listener) const {
// Returns true if value matches.
*listener << "the Bar property is " << value.GetBar();
return value.GetBar() < 42;
}
...
};
... MakePolymorphicMatcher(MyGreatMatcher()) ...
```
For more information, you can read these
[two](CookBook.md#writing-new-monomorphic-matchers)
[recipes](CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-matchers)
from the cookbook. As always, you
are welcome to post questions on `googlemock@googlegroups.com` if you
need any help.
## When using Google Mock, do I have to use Google Test as the testing framework? I have my favorite testing framework and don't want to switch. ##
Google Mock works out of the box with Google Test. However, it's easy
to configure it to work with any testing framework of your choice.
[Here](ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework) is how.
## How am I supposed to make sense of these horrible template errors? ##
If you are confused by the compiler errors gcc threw at you,
try consulting the _Google Mock Doctor_ tool first. What it does is to
scan stdin for gcc error messages, and spit out diagnoses on the
problems (we call them diseases) your code has.
To "install", run command:
```
alias gmd='<path to googlemock>/scripts/gmock_doctor.py'
```
To use it, do:
```
<your-favorite-build-command> <your-test> 2>&1 | gmd
```
For example:
```
make my_test 2>&1 | gmd
```
Or you can run `gmd` and copy-n-paste gcc's error messages to it.
## Can I mock a variadic function? ##
You cannot mock a variadic function (i.e. a function taking ellipsis
(`...`) arguments) directly in Google Mock.
The problem is that in general, there is _no way_ for a mock object to
know how many arguments are passed to the variadic method, and what
the arguments' types are. Only the _author of the base class_ knows
the protocol, and we cannot look into their head.
Therefore, to mock such a function, the _user_ must teach the mock
object how to figure out the number of arguments and their types. One
way to do it is to provide overloaded versions of the function.
Ellipsis arguments are inherited from C and not really a C++ feature.
They are unsafe to use and don't work with arguments that have
constructors or destructors. Therefore we recommend to avoid them in
C++ as much as possible.
## MSVC gives me warning C4301 or C4373 when I define a mock method with a const parameter. Why? ##
If you compile this using Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1:
```cpp
class Foo {
...
virtual void Bar(const int i) = 0;
};
class MockFoo : public Foo {
...
MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, void(const int i));
};
```
You may get the following warning:
```
warning C4301: 'MockFoo::Bar': overriding virtual function only differs from 'Foo::Bar' by const/volatile qualifier
```
This is a MSVC bug. The same code compiles fine with gcc ,for
example. If you use Visual C++ 2008 SP1, you would get the warning:
```
warning C4373: 'MockFoo::Bar': virtual function overrides 'Foo::Bar', previous versions of the compiler did not override when parameters only differed by const/volatile qualifiers
```
In C++, if you _declare_ a function with a `const` parameter, the
`const` modifier is _ignored_. Therefore, the `Foo` base class above
is equivalent to:
```cpp
class Foo {
...
virtual void Bar(int i) = 0; // int or const int? Makes no difference.
};
```
In fact, you can _declare_ Bar() with an `int` parameter, and _define_
it with a `const int` parameter. The compiler will still match them
up.
Since making a parameter `const` is meaningless in the method
_declaration_, we recommend to remove it in both `Foo` and `MockFoo`.
That should workaround the VC bug.
Note that we are talking about the _top-level_ `const` modifier here.
If the function parameter is passed by pointer or reference, declaring
the _pointee_ or _referee_ as `const` is still meaningful. For
example, the following two declarations are _not_ equivalent:
```cpp
void Bar(int* p); // Neither p nor *p is const.
void Bar(const int* p); // p is not const, but *p is.
```
## I have a huge mock class, and Microsoft Visual C++ runs out of memory when compiling it. What can I do? ##
We've noticed that when the `/clr` compiler flag is used, Visual C++
uses 5~6 times as much memory when compiling a mock class. We suggest
to avoid `/clr` when compiling native C++ mocks.
## I can't figure out why Google Mock thinks my expectations are not satisfied. What should I do? ##
You might want to run your test with
`--gmock_verbose=info`. This flag lets Google Mock print a trace
of every mock function call it receives. By studying the trace,
you'll gain insights on why the expectations you set are not met.
## How can I assert that a function is NEVER called? ##
```cpp
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_))
.Times(0);
```
## I have a failed test where Google Mock tells me TWICE that a particular expectation is not satisfied. Isn't this redundant? ##
When Google Mock detects a failure, it prints relevant information
(the mock function arguments, the state of relevant expectations, and
etc) to help the user debug. If another failure is detected, Google
Mock will do the same, including printing the state of relevant
expectations.
Sometimes an expectation's state didn't change between two failures,
and you'll see the same description of the state twice. They are
however _not_ redundant, as they refer to _different points in time_.
The fact they are the same _is_ interesting information.
## I get a heap check failure when using a mock object, but using a real object is fine. What can be wrong? ##
Does the class (hopefully a pure interface) you are mocking have a
virtual destructor?
Whenever you derive from a base class, make sure its destructor is
virtual. Otherwise Bad Things will happen. Consider the following
code:
```cpp
class Base {
public:
// Not virtual, but should be.
~Base() { ... }
...
};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
...
private:
std::string value_;
};
...
Base* p = new Derived;
...
delete p; // Surprise! ~Base() will be called, but ~Derived() will not
// - value_ is leaked.
```
By changing `~Base()` to virtual, `~Derived()` will be correctly
called when `delete p` is executed, and the heap checker
will be happy.
## The "newer expectations override older ones" rule makes writing expectations awkward. Why does Google Mock do that? ##
When people complain about this, often they are referring to code like:
```cpp
// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return
// 2 the second time. However, I have to write the expectations in the
// reverse order. This sucks big time!!!
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.WillOnce(Return(2))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.WillOnce(Return(1))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
```
The problem is that they didn't pick the **best** way to express the test's
intent.
By default, expectations don't have to be matched in _any_ particular
order. If you want them to match in a certain order, you need to be
explicit. This is Google Mock's (and jMock's) fundamental philosophy: it's
easy to accidentally over-specify your tests, and we want to make it
harder to do so.
There are two better ways to write the test spec. You could either
put the expectations in sequence:
```cpp
// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return
// 2 the second time. Using a sequence, we can write the expectations
// in their natural order.
{
InSequence s;
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.WillOnce(Return(1))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.WillOnce(Return(2))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
}
```
or you can put the sequence of actions in the same expectation:
```cpp
// foo.Bar() should be called twice, return 1 the first time, and return
// 2 the second time.
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar())
.WillOnce(Return(1))
.WillOnce(Return(2))
.RetiresOnSaturation();
```
Back to the original questions: why does Google Mock search the
expectations (and `ON_CALL`s) from back to front? Because this
allows a user to set up a mock's behavior for the common case early
(e.g. in the mock's constructor or the test fixture's set-up phase)
and customize it with more specific rules later. If Google Mock
searches from front to back, this very useful pattern won't be
possible.
## Google Mock prints a warning when a function without EXPECT\_CALL is called, even if I have set its behavior using ON\_CALL. Would it be reasonable not to show the warning in this case? ##
When choosing between being neat and being safe, we lean toward the
latter. So the answer is that we think it's better to show the
warning.
Often people write `ON_CALL`s in the mock object's
constructor or `SetUp()`, as the default behavior rarely changes from
test to test. Then in the test body they set the expectations, which
are often different for each test. Having an `ON_CALL` in the set-up
part of a test doesn't mean that the calls are expected. If there's
no `EXPECT_CALL` and the method is called, it's possibly an error. If
we quietly let the call go through without notifying the user, bugs
may creep in unnoticed.
If, however, you are sure that the calls are OK, you can write
```cpp
EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_))
.WillRepeatedly(...);
```
instead of
```cpp
ON_CALL(foo, Bar(_))
.WillByDefault(...);
```
This tells Google Mock that you do expect the calls and no warning should be
printed.
Also, you can control the verbosity using the `--gmock_verbose` flag.
If you find the output too noisy when debugging, just choose a less
verbose level.
## How can I delete the mock function's argument in an action? ##
If you find yourself needing to perform some action that's not
supported by Google Mock directly, remember that you can define your own
actions using
[MakeAction()](CookBook.md#writing-new-actions-quickly) or
[MakePolymorphicAction()](CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-actions),
or you can write a stub function and invoke it using
[Invoke()](CookBook.md#using-functionsmethodsfunctors-as-actions).
## MOCK\_METHODn()'s second argument looks funny. Why don't you use the MOCK\_METHODn(Method, return\_type, arg\_1, ..., arg\_n) syntax? ##
What?! I think it's beautiful. :-)
While which syntax looks more natural is a subjective matter to some
extent, Google Mock's syntax was chosen for several practical advantages it
has.
Try to mock a function that takes a map as an argument:
```cpp
virtual int GetSize(const map<int, std::string>& m);
```
Using the proposed syntax, it would be:
```cpp
MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int, const map<int, std::string>& m);
```
Guess what? You'll get a compiler error as the compiler thinks that
`const map<int, std::string>& m` are **two**, not one, arguments. To work
around this you can use `typedef` to give the map type a name, but
that gets in the way of your work. Google Mock's syntax avoids this
problem as the function's argument types are protected inside a pair
of parentheses:
```cpp
// This compiles fine.
MOCK_METHOD1(GetSize, int(const map<int, std::string>& m));
```
You still need a `typedef` if the return type contains an unprotected
comma, but that's much rarer.
Other advantages include:
1. `MOCK_METHOD1(Foo, int, bool)` can leave a reader wonder whether the method returns `int` or `bool`, while there won't be such confusion using Google Mock's syntax.
1. The way Google Mock describes a function type is nothing new, although many people may not be familiar with it. The same syntax was used in C, and the `function` library in `tr1` uses this syntax extensively. Since `tr1` will become a part of the new version of STL, we feel very comfortable to be consistent with it.
1. The function type syntax is also used in other parts of Google Mock's API (e.g. the action interface) in order to make the implementation tractable. A user needs to learn it anyway in order to utilize Google Mock's more advanced features. We'd as well stick to the same syntax in `MOCK_METHOD*`!
## My code calls a static/global function. Can I mock it? ##
You can, but you need to make some changes.
In general, if you find yourself needing to mock a static function,
it's a sign that your modules are too tightly coupled (and less
flexible, less reusable, less testable, etc). You are probably better
off defining a small interface and call the function through that
interface, which then can be easily mocked. It's a bit of work
initially, but usually pays for itself quickly.
This Google Testing Blog
[post](https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/06/defeat-static-cling.html)
says it excellently. Check it out.
## My mock object needs to do complex stuff. It's a lot of pain to specify the actions. Google Mock sucks! ##
I know it's not a question, but you get an answer for free any way. :-)
With Google Mock, you can create mocks in C++ easily. And people might be
tempted to use them everywhere. Sometimes they work great, and
sometimes you may find them, well, a pain to use. So, what's wrong in
the latter case?
When you write a test without using mocks, you exercise the code and
assert that it returns the correct value or that the system is in an
expected state. This is sometimes called "state-based testing".
Mocks are great for what some call "interaction-based" testing:
instead of checking the system state at the very end, mock objects
verify that they are invoked the right way and report an error as soon
as it arises, giving you a handle on the precise context in which the
error was triggered. This is often more effective and economical to
do than state-based testing.
If you are doing state-based testing and using a test double just to
simulate the real object, you are probably better off using a fake.
Using a mock in this case causes pain, as it's not a strong point for
mocks to perform complex actions. If you experience this and think
that mocks suck, you are just not using the right tool for your
problem. Or, you might be trying to solve the wrong problem. :-)
## I got a warning "Uninteresting function call encountered - default action taken.." Should I panic? ##
By all means, NO! It's just an FYI.
What it means is that you have a mock function, you haven't set any
expectations on it (by Google Mock's rule this means that you are not
interested in calls to this function and therefore it can be called
any number of times), and it is called. That's OK - you didn't say
it's not OK to call the function!
What if you actually meant to disallow this function to be called, but
forgot to write `EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()).Times(0)`? While
one can argue that it's the user's fault, Google Mock tries to be nice and
prints you a note.
So, when you see the message and believe that there shouldn't be any
uninteresting calls, you should investigate what's going on. To make
your life easier, Google Mock prints the function name and arguments
when an uninteresting call is encountered.
## I want to define a custom action. Should I use Invoke() or implement the action interface? ##
Either way is fine - you want to choose the one that's more convenient
for your circumstance.
Usually, if your action is for a particular function type, defining it
using `Invoke()` should be easier; if your action can be used in
functions of different types (e.g. if you are defining
`Return(value)`), `MakePolymorphicAction()` is
easiest. Sometimes you want precise control on what types of
functions the action can be used in, and implementing
`ActionInterface` is the way to go here. See the implementation of
`Return()` in `include/gmock/gmock-actions.h` for an example.
## I'm using the set-argument-pointee action, and the compiler complains about "conflicting return type specified". What does it mean? ##
You got this error as Google Mock has no idea what value it should return
when the mock method is called. `SetArgPointee()` says what the
side effect is, but doesn't say what the return value should be. You
need `DoAll()` to chain a `SetArgPointee()` with a `Return()`.
See this [recipe](CookBook.md#mocking-side-effects) for more details and an example.
## My question is not in your FAQ! ##
If you cannot find the answer to your question in this FAQ, there are
some other resources you can use:
1. search the mailing list [archive](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock/topics),
1. ask it on [googlemock@googlegroups.com](mailto:googlemock@googlegroups.com) and someone will answer it (to prevent spam, we require you to join the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock) before you can post.).
Please note that creating an issue in the
[issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues) is _not_
a good way to get your answer, as it is monitored infrequently by a
very small number of people.
When asking a question, it's helpful to provide as much of the
following information as possible (people cannot help you if there's
not enough information in your question):
* the version (or the revision number if you check out from SVN directly) of Google Mock you use (Google Mock is under active development, so it's possible that your problem has been solved in a later version),
* your operating system,
* the name and version of your compiler,
* the complete command line flags you give to your compiler,
* the complete compiler error messages (if the question is about compilation),
* the _actual_ code (ideally, a minimal but complete program) that has the problem you encounter.

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As any non-trivial software system, Google Mock has some known limitations and problems. We are working on improving it, and welcome your help! The follow is a list of issues we know about.
## README contains outdated information on Google Mock's compatibility with other testing frameworks ##
The `README` file in release 1.1.0 still says that Google Mock only works with Google Test. Actually, you can configure Google Mock to work with any testing framework you choose.
## Tests failing on machines using Power PC CPUs (e.g. some Macs) ##
`gmock_output_test` and `gmock-printers_test` are known to fail with Power PC CPUs. This is due to portability issues with these tests, and is not an indication of problems in Google Mock itself. You can safely ignore them.
## Failed to resolve libgtest.so.0 in tests when built against installed Google Test ##
This only applies if you manually built and installed Google Test, and then built a Google Mock against it (either explicitly, or because gtest-config was in your path post-install). In this situation, Libtool has a known issue with certain systems' ldconfig setup:
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.sysutils.automake.general/9025
This requires a manual run of "sudo ldconfig" after the "sudo make install" for Google Test before any binaries which link against it can be executed. This isn't a bug in our install, but we should at least have documented it or hacked a work-around into our install. We should have one of these solutions in our next release.

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// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements some commonly used cardinalities. More
// cardinalities can be defined by the user implementing the
// CardinalityInterface interface if necessary.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_
#include <limits.h>
#include <memory>
#include <ostream> // NOLINT
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
namespace testing {
// To implement a cardinality Foo, define:
// 1. a class FooCardinality that implements the
// CardinalityInterface interface, and
// 2. a factory function that creates a Cardinality object from a
// const FooCardinality*.
//
// The two-level delegation design follows that of Matcher, providing
// consistency for extension developers. It also eases ownership
// management as Cardinality objects can now be copied like plain values.
// The implementation of a cardinality.
class CardinalityInterface {
public:
virtual ~CardinalityInterface() {}
// Conservative estimate on the lower/upper bound of the number of
// calls allowed.
virtual int ConservativeLowerBound() const { return 0; }
virtual int ConservativeUpperBound() const { return INT_MAX; }
// Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality.
virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0;
// Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality.
virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const = 0;
// Describes self to an ostream.
virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
};
// A Cardinality is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment)
// object that specifies how many times a mock function is expected to
// be called. The implementation of Cardinality is just a std::shared_ptr
// to const CardinalityInterface. Don't inherit from Cardinality!
class GTEST_API_ Cardinality {
public:
// Constructs a null cardinality. Needed for storing Cardinality
// objects in STL containers.
Cardinality() {}
// Constructs a Cardinality from its implementation.
explicit Cardinality(const CardinalityInterface* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
// Conservative estimate on the lower/upper bound of the number of
// calls allowed.
int ConservativeLowerBound() const { return impl_->ConservativeLowerBound(); }
int ConservativeUpperBound() const { return impl_->ConservativeUpperBound(); }
// Returns true iff call_count calls will satisfy this cardinality.
bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const {
return impl_->IsSatisfiedByCallCount(call_count);
}
// Returns true iff call_count calls will saturate this cardinality.
bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const {
return impl_->IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count);
}
// Returns true iff call_count calls will over-saturate this
// cardinality, i.e. exceed the maximum number of allowed calls.
bool IsOverSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const {
return impl_->IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count) &&
!impl_->IsSatisfiedByCallCount(call_count);
}
// Describes self to an ostream
void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { impl_->DescribeTo(os); }
// Describes the given actual call count to an ostream.
static void DescribeActualCallCountTo(int actual_call_count,
::std::ostream* os);
private:
std::shared_ptr<const CardinalityInterface> impl_;
};
// Creates a cardinality that allows at least n calls.
GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtLeast(int n);
// Creates a cardinality that allows at most n calls.
GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtMost(int n);
// Creates a cardinality that allows any number of calls.
GTEST_API_ Cardinality AnyNumber();
// Creates a cardinality that allows between min and max calls.
GTEST_API_ Cardinality Between(int min, int max);
// Creates a cardinality that allows exactly n calls.
GTEST_API_ Cardinality Exactly(int n);
// Creates a cardinality from its implementation.
inline Cardinality MakeCardinality(const CardinalityInterface* c) {
return Cardinality(c);
}
} // namespace testing
GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_() // 4251
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_CARDINALITIES_H_

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#ifndef THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_ // NOLINT
#define THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_ // NOLINT
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h" // NOLINT
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-pp.h"
#define MOCK_METHOD(...) \
GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_, __VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_1(...) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_2(...) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_3(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_4(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args, ())
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_4(_Ret, _MethodName, _Args, _Spec) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Args); \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Spec); \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SIGNATURE( \
GMOCK_PP_NARG0 _Args, GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args)); \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC(_Spec); \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_IMPL( \
GMOCK_PP_NARG0 _Args, _MethodName, GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_CONST(_Spec), \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_OVERRIDE(_Spec), GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_FINAL(_Spec), \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_NOEXCEPT(_Spec), GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE(_Spec), \
(GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args)))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_5(...) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_6(...) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_7(...) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(...) \
static_assert( \
false, \
"MOCK_METHOD must be called with 3 or 4 arguments. _Ret, " \
"_MethodName, _Args and optionally _Spec. _Args and _Spec must be " \
"enclosed in parentheses. If _Ret is a type with unprotected commas, " \
"it must also be enclosed in parentheses.")
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_PARENTHESIS(_Tuple) \
static_assert( \
GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(_Tuple), \
GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE(_Tuple) " should be enclosed in parentheses.")
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SIGNATURE(_N, ...) \
static_assert( \
std::is_function<__VA_ARGS__>::value, \
"Signature must be a function type, maybe return type contains " \
"unprotected comma."); \
static_assert( \
::testing::tuple_size<typename ::testing::internal::Function< \
__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value == _N, \
"This method does not take " GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE( \
_N) " arguments. Parenthesize all types with unproctected commas.")
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC(_Spec) \
GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC_ELEMENT, ~, _Spec)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_IMPL(_N, _MethodName, _Constness, \
_Override, _Final, _Noexcept, \
_CallType, _Signature) \
typename ::testing::internal::Function<GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS( \
_Signature)>::Result \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_EXPAND(_CallType) \
_MethodName(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_PARAMETER, _Signature, _N)) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ) GMOCK_PP_IF(_Noexcept, noexcept, ) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Override, override, ) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Final, final, ) { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \
.SetOwnerAndName(this, #_MethodName); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \
.Invoke(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_FORWARD_ARG, _Signature, _N)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)> gmock_##_MethodName( \
GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_PARAMETER, _Signature, _N)) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ) { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName) \
.With(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_ARGUMENT, , _N)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)> gmock_##_MethodName( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, )::testing::internal::Function< \
GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)>*) \
const GMOCK_PP_IF(_Noexcept, noexcept, ) { \
return GMOCK_PP_CAT(::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_, \
GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ))(this) \
->gmock_##_MethodName(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT( \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_A_MATCHER_ARGUMENT, _Signature, _N)); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)> \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_EXPAND(...) __VA_ARGS__
// Five Valid modifiers.
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_CONST(_Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST, ~, _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_OVERRIDE(_Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA( \
GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE, ~, _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_FINAL(_Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL, ~, _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_HAS_NOEXCEPT(_Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA( \
GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT, ~, _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE(_Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE_IMPL, ~, _Tuple)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ASSERT_VALID_SPEC_ELEMENT(_i, _, _elem) \
static_assert( \
(GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST(_i, _, _elem)) + \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE(_i, _, _elem)) + \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL(_i, _, _elem)) + \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT(_i, _, _elem)) + \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_elem)) == 1, \
GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE( \
_elem) " cannot be recognized as a valid specification modifier.");
// Modifiers implementation.
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST_I_, _elem)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_CONST_I_const ,
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE_I_, _elem)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_OVERRIDE_I_override ,
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL_I_, _elem)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_FINAL_I_final ,
// TODO(iserna): Maybe noexcept should accept an argument here as well.
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT_I_, _elem)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DETECT_NOEXCEPT_I_noexcept ,
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_CALLTYPE_IMPL(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_elem), \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE, GMOCK_PP_EMPTY) \
(_elem)
// TODO(iserna): GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE and
// GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE needed more expansions to work on windows
// maybe they can be simplified somehow.
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE(_arg) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_I( \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_, _arg))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_I(_arg) GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(_arg)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE(_arg) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE_I( \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_, _arg))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_VALUE_CALLTYPE_I(_arg) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY, _arg)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_IS_CALLTYPE_HELPER_Calltype
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_SIGNATURE(_Ret, _Args) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(_Ret), GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS, \
GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY) \
(_Ret)(GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_TYPE, _, _Args))
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_GET_TYPE(_i, _, _elem) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(_elem), GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS, \
GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY) \
(_elem)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_PARAMETER(_i, _Signature, _) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \
GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)) \
gmock_a##_i
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_FORWARD_ARG(_i, _Signature, _) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
::std::forward<GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \
GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature))>( \
gmock_a##_i)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_PARAMETER(_i, _Signature, _) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \
GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature)) \
gmock_a##_i
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_ARGUMENT(_i, _1, _2) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
gmock_a##_i
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_A_MATCHER_ARGUMENT(_i, _Signature, _) \
GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) \
::testing::A<GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(typename, GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), \
GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(_Signature))>()
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_ARG_O(_tn, _i, ...) GMOCK_ARG_(_tn, _i, __VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MATCHER_O(_tn, _i, ...) \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(_tn, _i, __VA_ARGS__)
#endif // THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_

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$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert it to
$$ gmock-generated-actions.h.
$$
$var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support.
$$}} This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in editors.
// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements some commonly used variadic actions.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
namespace testing {
namespace internal {
// A macro from the ACTION* family (defined later in this file)
// defines an action that can be used in a mock function. Typically,
// these actions only care about a subset of the arguments of the mock
// function. For example, if such an action only uses the second
// argument, it can be used in any mock function that takes >= 2
// arguments where the type of the second argument is compatible.
//
// Therefore, the action implementation must be prepared to take more
// arguments than it needs. The ExcessiveArg type is used to
// represent those excessive arguments. In order to keep the compiler
// error messages tractable, we define it in the testing namespace
// instead of testing::internal. However, this is an INTERNAL TYPE
// and subject to change without notice, so a user MUST NOT USE THIS
// TYPE DIRECTLY.
struct ExcessiveArg {};
// A helper class needed for implementing the ACTION* macros.
template <typename Result, class Impl>
class ActionHelper {
public:
$range i 0..n
$for i
[[
$var template = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[
$range j 0..i-1
template <$for j, [[typename A$j]]>
]]]]
$range j 0..i-1
$var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
$var as = [[$for j, [[std::get<$j>(args)]]]]
$range k 1..n-i
$var eas = [[$for k, [[ExcessiveArg()]]]]
$var arg_list = [[$if (i==0) | (i==n) [[$as$eas]] $else [[$as, $eas]]]]
$template
static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tuple<$As>& args) {
return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<$As>(args, $arg_list);
}
]]
};
} // namespace internal
} // namespace testing
// The ACTION* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to
// define custom actions easily. The syntax:
//
// ACTION(name) { statements; }
//
// will define an action with the given name that executes the
// statements. The value returned by the statements will be used as
// the return value of the action. Inside the statements, you can
// refer to the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function by
// 'argK', and refer to its type by 'argK_type'. For example:
//
// ACTION(IncrementArg1) {
// arg1_type temp = arg1;
// return ++(*temp);
// }
//
// allows you to write
//
// ...WillOnce(IncrementArg1());
//
// You can also refer to the entire argument tuple and its type by
// 'args' and 'args_type', and refer to the mock function type and its
// return type by 'function_type' and 'return_type'.
//
// Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function
// arguments. However rest assured that your code is still type-safe:
// you'll get a compiler error if *arg1 doesn't support the ++
// operator, or if the type of ++(*arg1) isn't compatible with the
// mock function's return type, for example.
//
// Sometimes you'll want to parameterize the action. For that you can use
// another macro:
//
// ACTION_P(name, param_name) { statements; }
//
// For example:
//
// ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; }
//
// will allow you to write:
//
// ...WillOnce(Add(5));
//
// Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter
// either. If you need to reference the type of a parameter named
// 'foo', you can write 'foo_type'. For example, in the body of
// ACTION_P(Add, n) above, you can write 'n_type' to refer to the type
// of 'n'.
//
// We also provide ACTION_P2, ACTION_P3, ..., up to ACTION_P$n to support
// multi-parameter actions.
//
// For the purpose of typing, you can view
//
// ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { ... }
//
// as shorthand for
//
// template <typename p1_type, ..., typename pk_type>
// FooActionPk<p1_type, ..., pk_type> Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... }
//
// In particular, you can provide the template type arguments
// explicitly when invoking Foo(), as in Foo<long, bool>(5, false);
// although usually you can rely on the compiler to infer the types
// for you automatically. You can assign the result of expression
// Foo(p1, ..., pk) to a variable of type FooActionPk<p1_type, ...,
// pk_type>. This can be useful when composing actions.
//
// You can also overload actions with different numbers of parameters:
//
// ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... }
// ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... }
//
// While it's tempting to always use the ACTION* macros when defining
// a new action, you should also consider implementing ActionInterface
// or using MakePolymorphicAction() instead, especially if you need to
// use the action a lot. While these approaches require more work,
// they give you more control on the types of the mock function
// arguments and the action parameters, which in general leads to
// better compiler error messages that pay off in the long run. They
// also allow overloading actions based on parameter types (as opposed
// to just based on the number of parameters).
//
// CAVEAT:
//
// ACTION*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is
// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to
// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this.
// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using ACTION*() inside
// a function.
//
// MORE INFORMATION:
//
// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION' on
// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md
$range i 0..n
$range k 0..n-1
// An internal macro needed for implementing ACTION*().
#define GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_\
const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
$for k [[, \
arg$k[[]]_type arg$k GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_]]
// Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters
// that cannot be inferred from its value parameters. ACTION() and
// ACTION_P*() don't support that. ACTION_TEMPLATE() remedies that
// and can be viewed as an extension to ACTION() and ACTION_P*().
//
// The syntax:
//
// ACTION_TEMPLATE(ActionName,
// HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(kind1, name1, ..., kind_m, name_m),
// AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS(p1, ..., p_n)) { statements; }
//
// defines an action template that takes m explicit template
// parameters and n value parameters. name_i is the name of the i-th
// template parameter, and kind_i specifies whether it's a typename,
// an integral constant, or a template. p_i is the name of the i-th
// value parameter.
//
// Example:
//
// // DuplicateArg<k, T>(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock
// // function to type T and copies it to *output.
// ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg,
// HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T),
// AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) {
// *output = T(::std::get<k>(args));
// }
// ...
// int n;
// EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _))
// .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n));
//
// To create an instance of an action template, write:
//
// ActionName<t1, ..., t_m>(v1, ..., v_n)
//
// where the ts are the template arguments and the vs are the value
// arguments. The value argument types are inferred by the compiler.
// If you want to explicitly specify the value argument types, you can
// provide additional template arguments:
//
// ActionName<t1, ..., t_m, u1, ..., u_k>(v1, ..., v_n)
//
// where u_i is the desired type of v_i.
//
// ACTION_TEMPLATE and ACTION/ACTION_P* can be overloaded on the
// number of value parameters, but not on the number of template
// parameters. Without the restriction, the meaning of the following
// is unclear:
//
// OverloadedAction<int, bool>(x);
//
// Are we using a single-template-parameter action where 'bool' refers
// to the type of x, or are we using a two-template-parameter action
// where the compiler is asked to infer the type of x?
//
// Implementation notes:
//
// GMOCK_INTERNAL_*_HAS_m_TEMPLATE_PARAMS and
// GMOCK_INTERNAL_*_AND_n_VALUE_PARAMS are internal macros for
// implementing ACTION_TEMPLATE. The main trick we use is to create
// new macro invocations when expanding a macro. For example, we have
//
// #define ACTION_TEMPLATE(name, template_params, value_params)
// ... GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params ...
//
// which causes ACTION_TEMPLATE(..., HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(typename, T), ...)
// to expand to
//
// ... GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(typename, T) ...
//
// Since GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS is a macro, the
// preprocessor will continue to expand it to
//
// ... typename T ...
//
// This technique conforms to the C++ standard and is portable. It
// allows us to implement action templates using O(N) code, where N is
// the maximum number of template/value parameters supported. Without
// using it, we'd have to devote O(N^2) amount of code to implement all
// combinations of m and n.
// Declares the template parameters.
$range j 1..n
$for j [[
$range m 0..j-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_HAS_$j[[]]
_TEMPLATE_PARAMS($for m, [[kind$m, name$m]]) $for m, [[kind$m name$m]]
]]
// Lists the template parameters.
$for j [[
$range m 0..j-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_HAS_$j[[]]
_TEMPLATE_PARAMS($for m, [[kind$m, name$m]]) $for m, [[name$m]]
]]
// Declares the types of value parameters.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_AND_$i[[]]
_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) $for j [[, typename p$j##_type]]
]]
// Initializes the value parameters.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]])\
($for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]])$if i>0 [[ : ]]$for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]]
]]
// Declares the fields for storing the value parameters.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_AND_$i[[]]
_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) $for j [[p$j##_type p$j; ]]
]]
// Lists the value parameters.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_AND_$i[[]]
_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) $for j, [[p$j]]
]]
// Lists the value parameter types.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_AND_$i[[]]
_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) $for j [[, p$j##_type]]
]]
// Declares the value parameters.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) [[]]
$for j, [[p$j##_type p$j]]
]]
// The suffix of the class template implementing the action template.
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_COUNT_AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]]) [[]]
$if i==1 [[P]] $elif i>=2 [[P$i]]
]]
// The name of the class template implementing the action template.
#define GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(name##Action, GMOCK_INTERNAL_COUNT_##value_params)
$range k 0..n-1
#define ACTION_TEMPLATE(name, template_params, value_params)\
template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
class GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params) {\
public:\
explicit GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_##value_params {}\
template <typename F>\
class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
public:\
typedef F function_type;\
typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
args_type;\
explicit gmock_Impl GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_##value_params {}\
virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\
return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper<return_type, gmock_Impl>::\
Perform(this, args);\
}\
template <$for k, [[typename arg$k[[]]_type]]>\
return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args[[]]
$for k [[, arg$k[[]]_type arg$k]]) const;\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_##value_params\
private:\
GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
};\
template <typename F> operator ::testing::Action<F>() const {\
return ::testing::Action<F>(\
new gmock_Impl<F>(GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##value_params));\
}\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_##value_params\
private:\
GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params));\
};\
template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
inline GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params> name(\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##value_params) {\
return GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>(\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##value_params);\
}\
template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
template <typename F>\
template <typename arg0_type, typename arg1_type, typename arg2_type, \
typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \
typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \
typename arg9_type>\
typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>::gmock_Impl<F>::\
gmock_PerformImpl(\
GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
$for i
[[
$var template = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[
$range j 0..i-1
template <$for j, [[typename p$j##_type]]>\
]]]]
$var class_name = [[name##Action[[$if i==0 [[]] $elif i==1 [[P]]
$else [[P$i]]]]]]
$range j 0..i-1
$var ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]]
$var param_types_and_names = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type p$j]]]]
$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::forward<p$j##_type>(gmock_p$j))]]]]]]
$var param_field_decls = [[$for j
[[
p$j##_type p$j;\
]]]]
$var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j
[[
p$j##_type p$j;\
]]]]
$var params = [[$for j, [[p$j]]]]
$var param_types = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>]]]]
$var typename_arg_types = [[$for k, [[typename arg$k[[]]_type]]]]
$var arg_types_and_names = [[$for k, [[arg$k[[]]_type arg$k]]]]
$var macro_name = [[$if i==0 [[ACTION]] $elif i==1 [[ACTION_P]]
$else [[ACTION_P$i]]]]
#define $macro_name(name$for j [[, p$j]])\$template
class $class_name {\
public:\
[[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]$class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {}\
template <typename F>\
class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
public:\
typedef F function_type;\
typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
args_type;\
[[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]gmock_Impl($ctor_param_list)$inits {}\
virtual return_type Perform(const args_type& args) {\
return ::testing::internal::ActionHelper<return_type, gmock_Impl>::\
Perform(this, args);\
}\
template <$typename_arg_types>\
return_type gmock_PerformImpl(const args_type& args, [[]]
$arg_types_and_names) const;\$param_field_decls
private:\
GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
};\
template <typename F> operator ::testing::Action<F>() const {\
return ::testing::Action<F>(new gmock_Impl<F>($params));\
}\$param_field_decls2
private:\
GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_($class_name);\
};\$template
inline $class_name$param_types name($param_types_and_names) {\
return $class_name$param_types($params);\
}\$template
template <typename F>\
template <$typename_arg_types>\
typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
$class_name$param_types::gmock_Impl<F>::gmock_PerformImpl(\
GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
]]
$$ } // This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. It won't
$$ // show up in the generated code.
namespace testing {
// The ACTION*() macros trigger warning C4100 (unreferenced formal
// parameter) in MSVC with -W4. Unfortunately they cannot be fixed in
// the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
// is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma. Therefore
// we suppress them here.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4100)
#endif
// Various overloads for InvokeArgument<N>().
//
// The InvokeArgument<N>(a1, a2, ..., a_k) action invokes the N-th
// (0-based) argument, which must be a k-ary callable, of the mock
// function, with arguments a1, a2, ..., a_k.
//
// Notes:
//
// 1. The arguments are passed by value by default. If you need to
// pass an argument by reference, wrap it inside ByRef(). For
// example,
//
// InvokeArgument<1>(5, string("Hello"), ByRef(foo))
//
// passes 5 and string("Hello") by value, and passes foo by
// reference.
//
// 2. If the callable takes an argument by reference but ByRef() is
// not used, it will receive the reference to a copy of the value,
// instead of the original value. For example, when the 0-th
// argument of the mock function takes a const string&, the action
//
// InvokeArgument<0>(string("Hello"))
//
// makes a copy of the temporary string("Hello") object and passes a
// reference of the copy, instead of the original temporary object,
// to the callable. This makes it easy for a user to define an
// InvokeArgument action from temporary values and have it performed
// later.
namespace internal {
namespace invoke_argument {
// Appears in InvokeArgumentAdl's argument list to help avoid
// accidental calls to user functions of the same name.
struct AdlTag {};
// InvokeArgumentAdl - a helper for InvokeArgument.
// The basic overloads are provided here for generic functors.
// Overloads for other custom-callables are provided in the
// internal/custom/callback-actions.h header.
$range i 0..n
$for i
[[
$range j 1..i
template <typename R, typename F[[$for j [[, typename A$j]]]]>
R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f[[$for j [[, A$j a$j]]]]) {
return f([[$for j, [[a$j]]]]);
}
]]
} // namespace invoke_argument
} // namespace internal
$range i 0..n
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]])) {
using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
::std::get<k>(args)$for j [[, p$j]]);
}
]]
// Various overloads for ReturnNew<T>().
//
// The ReturnNew<T>(a1, a2, ..., a_k) action returns a pointer to a new
// instance of type T, constructed on the heap with constructor arguments
// a1, a2, ..., and a_k. The caller assumes ownership of the returned value.
$range i 0..n
$for i [[
$range j 0..i-1
$var ps = [[$for j, [[p$j]]]]
ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnNew,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(typename, T),
AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($ps)) {
return new T($ps);
}
]]
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif
} // namespace testing
// Include any custom callback actions added by the local installation.
// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
// declarations from this file.
#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h"
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_

752
test/gtest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
// This file was GENERATED by command:
// pump.py gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump
// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements function mockers of various arities.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
#include <functional>
#include <utility>
#include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
namespace testing {
namespace internal {
// Removes the given pointer; this is a helper for the expectation setter method
// for parameterless matchers.
//
// We want to make sure that the user cannot set a parameterless expectation on
// overloaded methods, including methods which are overloaded on const. Example:
//
// class MockClass {
// MOCK_METHOD0(GetName, string&());
// MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetName, const string&());
// };
//
// TEST() {
// // This should be an error, as it's not clear which overload is expected.
// EXPECT_CALL(mock, GetName).WillOnce(ReturnRef(value));
// }
//
// Here are the generated expectation-setter methods:
//
// class MockClass {
// // Overload 1
// MockSpec<string&()> gmock_GetName() { ... }
// // Overload 2. Declared const so that the compiler will generate an
// // error when trying to resolve between this and overload 4 in
// // 'gmock_GetName(WithoutMatchers(), nullptr)'.
// MockSpec<string&()> gmock_GetName(
// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function<string&()>*) const {
// // Removes const from this, calls overload 1
// return AdjustConstness_(this)->gmock_GetName();
// }
//
// // Overload 3
// const string& gmock_GetName() const { ... }
// // Overload 4
// MockSpec<const string&()> gmock_GetName(
// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function<const string&()>*) const {
// // Does not remove const, calls overload 3
// return AdjustConstness_const(this)->gmock_GetName();
// }
// }
//
template <typename MockType>
const MockType* AdjustConstness_const(const MockType* mock) {
return mock;
}
// Removes const from and returns the given pointer; this is a helper for the
// expectation setter method for parameterless matchers.
template <typename MockType>
MockType* AdjustConstness_(const MockType* mock) {
return const_cast<MockType*>(mock);
}
} // namespace internal
// The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
// inside a header file. However, the FunctionMocker class template
// is meant to be defined in the ::testing namespace. The following
// line is just a trick for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0, which
// cannot handle it if we define FunctionMocker in ::testing.
using internal::FunctionMocker;
// GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) expands to the result type of function type F.
// We define this as a variadic macro in case F contains unprotected
// commas (the same reason that we use variadic macros in other places
// in this file).
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, ...) \
tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Result
// The type of argument N of the given function type.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \
tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::template Arg<N-1>::type
// The matcher type for argument N of the given function type.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, N, ...) \
const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, __VA_ARGS__)>&
// The variable for mocking the given method.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_MOCKER_(arity, constness, Method) \
GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gmock##constness##arity##_##Method##_, __LINE__)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD0_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(0 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).Invoke(); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method() constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).With(); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD1_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(1 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD2_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(2 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD3_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(3 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD4_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(4 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD5_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(5 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD6_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(6 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a6)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD7_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(7 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a6), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a7)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD8_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(8 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a6), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a7), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a8)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD9_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(9 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a6), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a7), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a8), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a9)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, \
gmock_a9); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, \
Method)
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD10_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert(10 == \
::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, \
"MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \
GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, \
Method).Invoke(::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, \
__VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a1), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a2), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a3), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a4), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a5), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a6), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a7), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a8), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a9), \
::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a10)); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \
GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 10, \
__VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, gmock_a9, \
gmock_a10); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method(::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__)>(), \
::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__)>()); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, \
Method)
#define MOCK_METHOD0(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD1(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD2(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD3(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD4(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD5(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD6(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD7(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD8(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD9(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD10(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD0_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD1_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD2_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD3_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD4_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD5_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD6_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD7_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD8_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD9_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD10_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_

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$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert
$$ it to gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.
$$
$var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support.
// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements function mockers of various arities.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
#include <functional>
#include <utility>
#include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
namespace testing {
namespace internal {
$range i 0..n
// Removes the given pointer; this is a helper for the expectation setter method
// for parameterless matchers.
//
// We want to make sure that the user cannot set a parameterless expectation on
// overloaded methods, including methods which are overloaded on const. Example:
//
// class MockClass {
// MOCK_METHOD0(GetName, string&());
// MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetName, const string&());
// };
//
// TEST() {
// // This should be an error, as it's not clear which overload is expected.
// EXPECT_CALL(mock, GetName).WillOnce(ReturnRef(value));
// }
//
// Here are the generated expectation-setter methods:
//
// class MockClass {
// // Overload 1
// MockSpec<string&()> gmock_GetName() { ... }
// // Overload 2. Declared const so that the compiler will generate an
// // error when trying to resolve between this and overload 4 in
// // 'gmock_GetName(WithoutMatchers(), nullptr)'.
// MockSpec<string&()> gmock_GetName(
// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function<string&()>*) const {
// // Removes const from this, calls overload 1
// return AdjustConstness_(this)->gmock_GetName();
// }
//
// // Overload 3
// const string& gmock_GetName() const { ... }
// // Overload 4
// MockSpec<const string&()> gmock_GetName(
// const WithoutMatchers&, const Function<const string&()>*) const {
// // Does not remove const, calls overload 3
// return AdjustConstness_const(this)->gmock_GetName();
// }
// }
//
template <typename MockType>
const MockType* AdjustConstness_const(const MockType* mock) {
return mock;
}
// Removes const from and returns the given pointer; this is a helper for the
// expectation setter method for parameterless matchers.
template <typename MockType>
MockType* AdjustConstness_(const MockType* mock) {
return const_cast<MockType*>(mock);
}
} // namespace internal
// The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
// inside a header file. However, the FunctionMocker class template
// is meant to be defined in the ::testing namespace. The following
// line is just a trick for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0, which
// cannot handle it if we define FunctionMocker in ::testing.
using internal::FunctionMocker;
// GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) expands to the result type of function type F.
// We define this as a variadic macro in case F contains unprotected
// commas (the same reason that we use variadic macros in other places
// in this file).
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, ...) \
tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Result
// The type of argument N of the given function type.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \
tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::template Arg<N-1>::type
// The matcher type for argument N of the given function type.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, N, ...) \
const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, __VA_ARGS__)>&
// The variable for mocking the given method.
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_MOCKER_(arity, constness, Method) \
GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gmock##constness##arity##_##Method##_, __LINE__)
$for i [[
$range j 1..i
$var arg_as = [[$for j, [[GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]]
$var as = [[$for j, \
[[::std::forward<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__)>(gmock_a$j)]]]]
$var matcher_arg_as = [[$for j, \
[[GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]]
$var matcher_as = [[$for j, [[gmock_a$j]]]]
$var anything_matchers = [[$for j, \
[[::testing::A<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__)>()]]]]
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
#define GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
static_assert($i == ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentCount, "MOCK_METHOD<N> must match argument count.");\
GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
$arg_as) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).Invoke($as); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> \
gmock_##Method($matcher_arg_as) constness { \
GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).With($matcher_as); \
} \
::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__> gmock_##Method( \
const ::testing::internal::WithoutMatchers&, \
constness ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>* ) const { \
return ::testing::internal::AdjustConstness_##constness(this)-> \
gmock_##Method($anything_matchers); \
} \
mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_METHOD$i(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
$for i [[
#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
]]
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_

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$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert
$$ it to gmock-generated-matchers.h.
$$
$var n = 10 $$ The maximum arity we support.
$$ }} This line fixes auto-indentation of the following code in Emacs.
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements some commonly used variadic matchers.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
#include <iterator>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
// The MATCHER* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to
// define custom matchers easily.
//
// Basic Usage
// ===========
//
// The syntax
//
// MATCHER(name, description_string) { statements; }
//
// defines a matcher with the given name that executes the statements,
// which must return a bool to indicate if the match succeeds. Inside
// the statements, you can refer to the value being matched by 'arg',
// and refer to its type by 'arg_type'.
//
// The description string documents what the matcher does, and is used
// to generate the failure message when the match fails. Since a
// MATCHER() is usually defined in a header file shared by multiple
// C++ source files, we require the description to be a C-string
// literal to avoid possible side effects. It can be empty, in which
// case we'll use the sequence of words in the matcher name as the
// description.
//
// For example:
//
// MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }
//
// allows you to write
//
// // Expects mock_foo.Bar(n) to be called where n is even.
// EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo, Bar(IsEven()));
//
// or,
//
// // Verifies that the value of some_expression is even.
// EXPECT_THAT(some_expression, IsEven());
//
// If the above assertion fails, it will print something like:
//
// Value of: some_expression
// Expected: is even
// Actual: 7
//
// where the description "is even" is automatically calculated from the
// matcher name IsEven.
//
// Argument Type
// =============
//
// Note that the type of the value being matched (arg_type) is
// determined by the context in which you use the matcher and is
// supplied to you by the compiler, so you don't need to worry about
// declaring it (nor can you). This allows the matcher to be
// polymorphic. For example, IsEven() can be used to match any type
// where the value of "(arg % 2) == 0" can be implicitly converted to
// a bool. In the "Bar(IsEven())" example above, if method Bar()
// takes an int, 'arg_type' will be int; if it takes an unsigned long,
// 'arg_type' will be unsigned long; and so on.
//
// Parameterizing Matchers
// =======================
//
// Sometimes you'll want to parameterize the matcher. For that you
// can use another macro:
//
// MATCHER_P(name, param_name, description_string) { statements; }
//
// For example:
//
// MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value, "") { return abs(arg) == value; }
//
// will allow you to write:
//
// EXPECT_THAT(Blah("a"), HasAbsoluteValue(n));
//
// which may lead to this message (assuming n is 10):
//
// Value of: Blah("a")
// Expected: has absolute value 10
// Actual: -9
//
// Note that both the matcher description and its parameter are
// printed, making the message human-friendly.
//
// In the matcher definition body, you can write 'foo_type' to
// reference the type of a parameter named 'foo'. For example, in the
// body of MATCHER_P(HasAbsoluteValue, value) above, you can write
// 'value_type' to refer to the type of 'value'.
//
// We also provide MATCHER_P2, MATCHER_P3, ..., up to MATCHER_P$n to
// support multi-parameter matchers.
//
// Describing Parameterized Matchers
// =================================
//
// The last argument to MATCHER*() is a string-typed expression. The
// expression can reference all of the matcher's parameters and a
// special bool-typed variable named 'negation'. When 'negation' is
// false, the expression should evaluate to the matcher's description;
// otherwise it should evaluate to the description of the negation of
// the matcher. For example,
//
// using testing::PrintToString;
//
// MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi,
// std::string(negation ? "is not" : "is") + " in range [" +
// PrintToString(low) + ", " + PrintToString(hi) + "]") {
// return low <= arg && arg <= hi;
// }
// ...
// EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6));
// EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(InClosedRange(2, 4)));
//
// would generate two failures that contain the text:
//
// Expected: is in range [4, 6]
// ...
// Expected: is not in range [2, 4]
//
// If you specify "" as the description, the failure message will
// contain the sequence of words in the matcher name followed by the
// parameter values printed as a tuple. For example,
//
// MATCHER_P2(InClosedRange, low, hi, "") { ... }
// ...
// EXPECT_THAT(3, InClosedRange(4, 6));
// EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(InClosedRange(2, 4)));
//
// would generate two failures that contain the text:
//
// Expected: in closed range (4, 6)
// ...
// Expected: not (in closed range (2, 4))
//
// Types of Matcher Parameters
// ===========================
//
// For the purpose of typing, you can view
//
// MATCHER_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk, description_string) { ... }
//
// as shorthand for
//
// template <typename p1_type, ..., typename pk_type>
// FooMatcherPk<p1_type, ..., pk_type>
// Foo(p1_type p1, ..., pk_type pk) { ... }
//
// When you write Foo(v1, ..., vk), the compiler infers the types of
// the parameters v1, ..., and vk for you. If you are not happy with
// the result of the type inference, you can specify the types by
// explicitly instantiating the template, as in Foo<long, bool>(5,
// false). As said earlier, you don't get to (or need to) specify
// 'arg_type' as that's determined by the context in which the matcher
// is used. You can assign the result of expression Foo(p1, ..., pk)
// to a variable of type FooMatcherPk<p1_type, ..., pk_type>. This
// can be useful when composing matchers.
//
// While you can instantiate a matcher template with reference types,
// passing the parameters by pointer usually makes your code more
// readable. If, however, you still want to pass a parameter by
// reference, be aware that in the failure message generated by the
// matcher you will see the value of the referenced object but not its
// address.
//
// Explaining Match Results
// ========================
//
// Sometimes the matcher description alone isn't enough to explain why
// the match has failed or succeeded. For example, when expecting a
// long string, it can be very helpful to also print the diff between
// the expected string and the actual one. To achieve that, you can
// optionally stream additional information to a special variable
// named result_listener, whose type is a pointer to class
// MatchResultListener:
//
// MATCHER_P(EqualsLongString, str, "") {
// if (arg == str) return true;
//
// *result_listener << "the difference: "
/// << DiffStrings(str, arg);
// return false;
// }
//
// Overloading Matchers
// ====================
//
// You can overload matchers with different numbers of parameters:
//
// MATCHER_P(Blah, a, description_string1) { ... }
// MATCHER_P2(Blah, a, b, description_string2) { ... }
//
// Caveats
// =======
//
// When defining a new matcher, you should also consider implementing
// MatcherInterface or using MakePolymorphicMatcher(). These
// approaches require more work than the MATCHER* macros, but also
// give you more control on the types of the value being matched and
// the matcher parameters, which may leads to better compiler error
// messages when the matcher is used wrong. They also allow
// overloading matchers based on parameter types (as opposed to just
// based on the number of parameters).
//
// MATCHER*() can only be used in a namespace scope. The reason is
// that C++ doesn't yet allow function-local types to be used to
// instantiate templates. The up-coming C++0x standard will fix this.
// Once that's done, we'll consider supporting using MATCHER*() inside
// a function.
//
// More Information
// ================
//
// To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'MATCHER'
// on
// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md
$range i 0..n
$for i
[[
$var macro_name = [[$if i==0 [[MATCHER]] $elif i==1 [[MATCHER_P]]
$else [[MATCHER_P$i]]]]
$var class_name = [[name##Matcher[[$if i==0 [[]] $elif i==1 [[P]]
$else [[P$i]]]]]]
$range j 0..i-1
$var template = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[
template <$for j, [[typename p$j##_type]]>\
]]]]
$var ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]]
$var impl_ctor_param_list = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type gmock_p$j]]]]
$var impl_inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]]]]]]
$var inits = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ : $for j, [[p$j(::std::move(gmock_p$j))]]]]]]
$var params = [[$for j, [[p$j]]]]
$var param_types = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>]]]]
$var param_types_and_names = [[$for j, [[p$j##_type p$j]]]]
$var param_field_decls = [[$for j
[[
p$j##_type const p$j;\
]]]]
$var param_field_decls2 = [[$for j
[[
p$j##_type const p$j;\
]]]]
#define $macro_name(name$for j [[, p$j]], description)\$template
class $class_name {\
public:\
template <typename arg_type>\
class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::MatcherInterface<\
GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type)> {\
public:\
[[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]gmock_Impl($impl_ctor_param_list)\
$impl_inits {}\
virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\
GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\
::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener) const;\
virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\
*gmock_os << FormatDescription(false);\
}\
virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* gmock_os) const {\
*gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\
}\$param_field_decls
private:\
::std::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
::std::string gmock_description = (description);\
if (!gmock_description.empty()) {\
return gmock_description;\
}\
return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
negation, #name, \
::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
::std::tuple<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>($for j, [[p$j]])));\
}\
};\
template <typename arg_type>\
operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
new gmock_Impl<arg_type>($params));\
}\
[[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]$class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {\
}\$param_field_decls2
private:\
};\$template
inline $class_name$param_types name($param_types_and_names) {\
return $class_name$param_types($params);\
}\$template
template <typename arg_type>\
bool $class_name$param_types::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(arg_type) arg,\
::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
const
]]
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_

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// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements some actions that depend on gmock-generated-actions.h.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_ACTIONS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_ACTIONS_H_
#include <algorithm>
#include <type_traits>
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h"
namespace testing {
namespace internal {
// An internal replacement for std::copy which mimics its behavior. This is
// necessary because Visual Studio deprecates ::std::copy, issuing warning 4996.
// However Visual Studio 2010 and later do not honor #pragmas which disable that
// warning.
template<typename InputIterator, typename OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator CopyElements(InputIterator first,
InputIterator last,
OutputIterator output) {
for (; first != last; ++first, ++output) {
*output = *first;
}
return output;
}
} // namespace internal
// Various overloads for Invoke().
// The ACTION*() macros trigger warning C4100 (unreferenced formal
// parameter) in MSVC with -W4. Unfortunately they cannot be fixed in
// the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
// is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma. Therefore
// we suppress them here.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4100)
#endif
// Action ReturnArg<k>() returns the k-th argument of the mock function.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnArg,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()) {
return ::std::get<k>(args);
}
// Action SaveArg<k>(pointer) saves the k-th (0-based) argument of the
// mock function to *pointer.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(SaveArg,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(pointer)) {
*pointer = ::std::get<k>(args);
}
// Action SaveArgPointee<k>(pointer) saves the value pointed to
// by the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to *pointer.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(SaveArgPointee,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(pointer)) {
*pointer = *::std::get<k>(args);
}
// Action SetArgReferee<k>(value) assigns 'value' to the variable
// referenced by the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock function.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(SetArgReferee,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(value)) {
typedef typename ::std::tuple_element<k, args_type>::type argk_type;
// Ensures that argument #k is a reference. If you get a compiler
// error on the next line, you are using SetArgReferee<k>(value) in
// a mock function whose k-th (0-based) argument is not a reference.
GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(internal::is_reference<argk_type>::value,
SetArgReferee_must_be_used_with_a_reference_argument);
::std::get<k>(args) = value;
}
// Action SetArrayArgument<k>(first, last) copies the elements in
// source range [first, last) to the array pointed to by the k-th
// (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an
// iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the
// source range.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(SetArrayArgument,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(first, last)) {
// Visual Studio deprecates ::std::copy, so we use our own copy in that case.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
internal::CopyElements(first, last, ::std::get<k>(args));
#else
::std::copy(first, last, ::std::get<k>(args));
#endif
}
// Action DeleteArg<k>() deletes the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock
// function.
ACTION_TEMPLATE(DeleteArg,
HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()) {
delete ::std::get<k>(args);
}
// This action returns the value pointed to by 'pointer'.
ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, pointer) { return *pointer; }
// Action Throw(exception) can be used in a mock function of any type
// to throw the given exception. Any copyable value can be thrown.
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
// Suppresses the 'unreachable code' warning that VC generates in opt modes.
# ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push) // Saves the current warning state.
# pragma warning(disable:4702) // Temporarily disables warning 4702.
# endif
ACTION_P(Throw, exception) { throw exception; }
# ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop) // Restores the warning state.
# endif
#endif // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_ACTIONS_H_

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// Copyright 2013, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file implements some matchers that depend on gmock-generated-matchers.h.
//
// Note that tests are implemented in gmock-matchers_test.cc rather than
// gmock-more-matchers-test.cc.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h"
namespace testing {
// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal
// parameter) for MSVC
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4100)
#if (_MSC_VER == 1900)
// and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 14
# pragma warning(disable:4800)
#endif
#endif
// Defines a matcher that matches an empty container. The container must
// support both size() and empty(), which all STL-like containers provide.
MATCHER(IsEmpty, negation ? "isn't empty" : "is empty") {
if (arg.empty()) {
return true;
}
*result_listener << "whose size is " << arg.size();
return false;
}
// Define a matcher that matches a value that evaluates in boolean
// context to true. Useful for types that define "explicit operator
// bool" operators and so can't be compared for equality with true
// and false.
MATCHER(IsTrue, negation ? "is false" : "is true") {
return static_cast<bool>(arg);
}
// Define a matcher that matches a value that evaluates in boolean
// context to false. Useful for types that define "explicit operator
// bool" operators and so can't be compared for equality with true
// and false.
MATCHER(IsFalse, negation ? "is true" : "is false") {
return !static_cast<bool>(arg);
}
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_

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// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Implements class templates NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock.
//
// Given a mock class MockFoo that is created using Google Mock,
// NiceMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that allows
// uninteresting calls (i.e. calls to mock methods that have no
// EXPECT_CALL specs), NaggyMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo
// that prints a warning when an uninteresting call occurs, and
// StrictMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that treats all
// uninteresting calls as errors.
//
// Currently a mock is naggy by default, so MockFoo and
// NaggyMock<MockFoo> behave like the same. However, we will soon
// switch the default behavior of mocks to be nice, as that in general
// leads to more maintainable tests. When that happens, MockFoo will
// stop behaving like NaggyMock<MockFoo> and start behaving like
// NiceMock<MockFoo>.
//
// NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock "inherit" the constructors of
// their respective base class. Therefore you can write
// NiceMock<MockFoo>(5, "a") to construct a nice mock where MockFoo
// has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*), for example.
//
// A known limitation is that NiceMock<MockFoo>, NaggyMock<MockFoo>,
// and StrictMock<MockFoo> only works for mock methods defined using
// the MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class.
// If a mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice"
// or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler.
// In particular, nesting NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock is NOT
// supported.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_NICE_STRICT_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_NICE_STRICT_H_
#include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
namespace testing {
template <class MockClass>
class NiceMock : public MockClass {
public:
NiceMock() : MockClass() {
::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
// Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
// declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
// tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
// constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
// Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
// made explicit.
template <typename A>
explicit NiceMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
NiceMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
: MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
std::forward<An>(args)...) {
::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
~NiceMock() { // NOLINT
::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
private:
GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NiceMock);
};
template <class MockClass>
class NaggyMock : public MockClass {
public:
NaggyMock() : MockClass() {
::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
// Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
// declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
// tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
// constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
// Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
// made explicit.
template <typename A>
explicit NaggyMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
NaggyMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
: MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
std::forward<An>(args)...) {
::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
~NaggyMock() { // NOLINT
::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
private:
GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NaggyMock);
};
template <class MockClass>
class StrictMock : public MockClass {
public:
StrictMock() : MockClass() {
::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
// Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
// declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
// tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
// constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
// Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
// made explicit.
template <typename A>
explicit StrictMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
StrictMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
: MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
std::forward<An>(args)...) {
::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
~StrictMock() { // NOLINT
::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
}
private:
GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StrictMock);
};
// The following specializations catch some (relatively more common)
// user errors of nesting nice and strict mocks. They do NOT catch
// all possible errors.
// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock,
// NaggyMock, and StrictMock cannot be nested.
template <typename MockClass>
class NiceMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class NiceMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class NiceMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class NaggyMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class NaggyMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class NaggyMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class StrictMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class StrictMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
template <typename MockClass>
class StrictMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_NICE_STRICT_H_

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// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This is the main header file a user should include.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_H_
// This file implements the following syntax:
//
// ON_CALL(mock_object.Method(...))
// .With(...) ?
// .WillByDefault(...);
//
// where With() is optional and WillByDefault() must appear exactly
// once.
//
// EXPECT_CALL(mock_object.Method(...))
// .With(...) ?
// .Times(...) ?
// .InSequence(...) *
// .WillOnce(...) *
// .WillRepeatedly(...) ?
// .RetiresOnSaturation() ? ;
//
// where all clauses are optional and WillOnce() can be repeated.
#include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-more-actions.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h"
#include "gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h"
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
namespace testing {
// Declares Google Mock flags that we want a user to use programmatically.
GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(catch_leaked_mocks);
GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(verbose);
GMOCK_DECLARE_int32_(default_mock_behavior);
// Initializes Google Mock. This must be called before running the
// tests. In particular, it parses the command line for the flags
// that Google Mock recognizes. Whenever a Google Mock flag is seen,
// it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
//
// No value is returned. Instead, the Google Mock flag variables are
// updated.
//
// Since Google Test is needed for Google Mock to work, this function
// also initializes Google Test and parses its flags, if that hasn't
// been done.
GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, char** argv);
// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
// UNICODE mode.
GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_H_

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# Customization Points
The custom directory is an injection point for custom user configurations.
## Header `gmock-port.h`
The following macros can be defined:
### Flag related macros:
* `GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(name)`
* `GMOCK_DECLARE_int32_(name)`
* `GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(name)`
* `GMOCK_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc)`
* `GMOCK_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc)`
* `GMOCK_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc)`

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// This file was GENERATED by command:
// pump.py gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_

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$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
$$ This is a Pump source file. Please use Pump to convert
$$ it to callback-actions.h.
$$
$var max_callback_arity = 5
$$}} This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in editors.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_

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// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Injection point for custom user configurations. See README for details
//
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_

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// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Injection point for custom user configurations. See README for details
//
// ** Custom implementation starts here **
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_

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// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
//
// This file defines some utilities useful for implementing Google
// Mock. They are subject to change without notice, so please DO NOT
// USE THEM IN USER CODE.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_INTERNAL_UTILS_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_INTERNAL_UTILS_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ostream> // NOLINT
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
namespace testing {
template <typename>
class Matcher;
namespace internal {
// Silence MSVC C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and
// C4805('==': unsafe mix of type 'const int' and type 'const bool')
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4100)
# pragma warning(disable:4805)
#endif
// Joins a vector of strings as if they are fields of a tuple; returns
// the joined string.
GTEST_API_ std::string JoinAsTuple(const Strings& fields);
// Converts an identifier name to a space-separated list of lower-case
// words. Each maximum substring of the form [A-Za-z][a-z]*|\d+ is
// treated as one word. For example, both "FooBar123" and
// "foo_bar_123" are converted to "foo bar 123".
GTEST_API_ std::string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name);
// PointeeOf<Pointer>::type is the type of a value pointed to by a
// Pointer, which can be either a smart pointer or a raw pointer. The
// following default implementation is for the case where Pointer is a
// smart pointer.
template <typename Pointer>
struct PointeeOf {
// Smart pointer classes define type element_type as the type of
// their pointees.
typedef typename Pointer::element_type type;
};
// This specialization is for the raw pointer case.
template <typename T>
struct PointeeOf<T*> { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
// GetRawPointer(p) returns the raw pointer underlying p when p is a
// smart pointer, or returns p itself when p is already a raw pointer.
// The following default implementation is for the smart pointer case.
template <typename Pointer>
inline const typename Pointer::element_type* GetRawPointer(const Pointer& p) {
return p.get();
}
// This overloaded version is for the raw pointer case.
template <typename Element>
inline Element* GetRawPointer(Element* p) { return p; }
// MSVC treats wchar_t as a native type usually, but treats it as the
// same as unsigned short when the compiler option /Zc:wchar_t- is
// specified. It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when wchar_t
// is a native type.
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
// wchar_t is a typedef.
#else
# define GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_ 1
#endif
// signed wchar_t and unsigned wchar_t are NOT in the C++ standard.
// Using them is a bad practice and not portable. So DON'T use them.
//
// Still, Google Mock is designed to work even if the user uses signed
// wchar_t or unsigned wchar_t (obviously, assuming the compiler
// supports them).
//
// To gcc,
// wchar_t == signed wchar_t != unsigned wchar_t == unsigned int
#ifdef __GNUC__
#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
// signed/unsigned wchar_t are valid types.
# define GMOCK_HAS_SIGNED_WCHAR_T_ 1
#endif
#endif
// In what follows, we use the term "kind" to indicate whether a type
// is bool, an integer type (excluding bool), a floating-point type,
// or none of them. This categorization is useful for determining
// when a matcher argument type can be safely converted to another
// type in the implementation of SafeMatcherCast.
enum TypeKind {
kBool, kInteger, kFloatingPoint, kOther
};
// KindOf<T>::value is the kind of type T.
template <typename T> struct KindOf {
enum { value = kOther }; // The default kind.
};
// This macro declares that the kind of 'type' is 'kind'.
#define GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(type, kind) \
template <> struct KindOf<type> { enum { value = kind }; }
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(bool, kBool);
// All standard integer types.
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(char, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(signed char, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(unsigned char, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(short, kInteger); // NOLINT
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(unsigned short, kInteger); // NOLINT
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(int, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(unsigned int, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(long, kInteger); // NOLINT
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(unsigned long, kInteger); // NOLINT
#if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(wchar_t, kInteger);
#endif
// Non-standard integer types.
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(Int64, kInteger);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(UInt64, kInteger);
// All standard floating-point types.
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(float, kFloatingPoint);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(double, kFloatingPoint);
GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_(long double, kFloatingPoint);
#undef GMOCK_DECLARE_KIND_
// Evaluates to the kind of 'type'.
#define GMOCK_KIND_OF_(type) \
static_cast< ::testing::internal::TypeKind>( \
::testing::internal::KindOf<type>::value)
// Evaluates to true iff integer type T is signed.
#define GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_(T) (static_cast<T>(-1) < 0)
// LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kFromKind, From, kToKind, To>::value
// is true iff arithmetic type From can be losslessly converted to
// arithmetic type To.
//
// It's the user's responsibility to ensure that both From and To are
// raw (i.e. has no CV modifier, is not a pointer, and is not a
// reference) built-in arithmetic types, kFromKind is the kind of
// From, and kToKind is the kind of To; the value is
// implementation-defined when the above pre-condition is violated.
template <TypeKind kFromKind, typename From, TypeKind kToKind, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl : public false_type {};
// Converting bool to bool is lossless.
template <>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kBool, bool, kBool, bool>
: public true_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting bool to any integer type is lossless.
template <typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kBool, bool, kInteger, To>
: public true_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting bool to any floating-point type is lossless.
template <typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kBool, bool, kFloatingPoint, To>
: public true_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting an integer to bool is lossy.
template <typename From>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kInteger, From, kBool, bool>
: public false_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting an integer to another non-bool integer is lossless iff
// the target type's range encloses the source type's range.
template <typename From, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kInteger, From, kInteger, To>
: public bool_constant<
// When converting from a smaller size to a larger size, we are
// fine as long as we are not converting from signed to unsigned.
((sizeof(From) < sizeof(To)) &&
(!GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_(From) || GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_(To))) ||
// When converting between the same size, the signedness must match.
((sizeof(From) == sizeof(To)) &&
(GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_(From) == GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_(To)))> {}; // NOLINT
#undef GMOCK_IS_SIGNED_
// Converting an integer to a floating-point type may be lossy, since
// the format of a floating-point number is implementation-defined.
template <typename From, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kInteger, From, kFloatingPoint, To>
: public false_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting a floating-point to bool is lossy.
template <typename From>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kFloatingPoint, From, kBool, bool>
: public false_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting a floating-point to an integer is lossy.
template <typename From, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<kFloatingPoint, From, kInteger, To>
: public false_type {}; // NOLINT
// Converting a floating-point to another floating-point is lossless
// iff the target type is at least as big as the source type.
template <typename From, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<
kFloatingPoint, From, kFloatingPoint, To>
: public bool_constant<sizeof(From) <= sizeof(To)> {}; // NOLINT
// LosslessArithmeticConvertible<From, To>::value is true iff arithmetic
// type From can be losslessly converted to arithmetic type To.
//
// It's the user's responsibility to ensure that both From and To are
// raw (i.e. has no CV modifier, is not a pointer, and is not a
// reference) built-in arithmetic types; the value is
// implementation-defined when the above pre-condition is violated.
template <typename From, typename To>
struct LosslessArithmeticConvertible
: public LosslessArithmeticConvertibleImpl<
GMOCK_KIND_OF_(From), From, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(To), To> {}; // NOLINT
// This interface knows how to report a Google Mock failure (either
// non-fatal or fatal).
class FailureReporterInterface {
public:
// The type of a failure (either non-fatal or fatal).
enum FailureType {
kNonfatal, kFatal
};
virtual ~FailureReporterInterface() {}
// Reports a failure that occurred at the given source file location.
virtual void ReportFailure(FailureType type, const char* file, int line,
const std::string& message) = 0;
};
// Returns the failure reporter used by Google Mock.
GTEST_API_ FailureReporterInterface* GetFailureReporter();
// Asserts that condition is true; aborts the process with the given
// message if condition is false. We cannot use LOG(FATAL) or CHECK()
// as Google Mock might be used to mock the log sink itself. We
// inline this function to prevent it from showing up in the stack
// trace.
inline void Assert(bool condition, const char* file, int line,
const std::string& msg) {
if (!condition) {
GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::kFatal,
file, line, msg);
}
}
inline void Assert(bool condition, const char* file, int line) {
Assert(condition, file, line, "Assertion failed.");
}
// Verifies that condition is true; generates a non-fatal failure if
// condition is false.
inline void Expect(bool condition, const char* file, int line,
const std::string& msg) {
if (!condition) {
GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::kNonfatal,
file, line, msg);
}
}
inline void Expect(bool condition, const char* file, int line) {
Expect(condition, file, line, "Expectation failed.");
}
// Severity level of a log.
enum LogSeverity {
kInfo = 0,
kWarning = 1
};
// Valid values for the --gmock_verbose flag.
// All logs (informational and warnings) are printed.
const char kInfoVerbosity[] = "info";
// Only warnings are printed.
const char kWarningVerbosity[] = "warning";
// No logs are printed.
const char kErrorVerbosity[] = "error";
// Returns true iff a log with the given severity is visible according
// to the --gmock_verbose flag.
GTEST_API_ bool LogIsVisible(LogSeverity severity);
// Prints the given message to stdout iff 'severity' >= the level
// specified by the --gmock_verbose flag. If stack_frames_to_skip >=
// 0, also prints the stack trace excluding the top
// stack_frames_to_skip frames. In opt mode, any positive
// stack_frames_to_skip is treated as 0, since we don't know which
// function calls will be inlined by the compiler and need to be
// conservative.
GTEST_API_ void Log(LogSeverity severity, const std::string& message,
int stack_frames_to_skip);
// A marker class that is used to resolve parameterless expectations to the
// correct overload. This must not be instantiable, to prevent client code from
// accidentally resolving to the overload; for example:
//
// ON_CALL(mock, Method({}, nullptr))...
//
class WithoutMatchers {
private:
WithoutMatchers() {}
friend GTEST_API_ WithoutMatchers GetWithoutMatchers();
};
// Internal use only: access the singleton instance of WithoutMatchers.
GTEST_API_ WithoutMatchers GetWithoutMatchers();
// Type traits.
// is_reference<T>::value is non-zero iff T is a reference type.
template <typename T> struct is_reference : public false_type {};
template <typename T> struct is_reference<T&> : public true_type {};
// type_equals<T1, T2>::value is non-zero iff T1 and T2 are the same type.
template <typename T1, typename T2> struct type_equals : public false_type {};
template <typename T> struct type_equals<T, T> : public true_type {};
// remove_reference<T>::type removes the reference from type T, if any.
template <typename T> struct remove_reference { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
template <typename T> struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
// DecayArray<T>::type turns an array type U[N] to const U* and preserves
// other types. Useful for saving a copy of a function argument.
template <typename T> struct DecayArray { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
template <typename T, size_t N> struct DecayArray<T[N]> {
typedef const T* type;
};
// Sometimes people use arrays whose size is not available at the use site
// (e.g. extern const char kNamePrefix[]). This specialization covers that
// case.
template <typename T> struct DecayArray<T[]> {
typedef const T* type;
};
// Disable MSVC warnings for infinite recursion, since in this case the
// the recursion is unreachable.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4717)
#endif
// Invalid<T>() is usable as an expression of type T, but will terminate
// the program with an assertion failure if actually run. This is useful
// when a value of type T is needed for compilation, but the statement
// will not really be executed (or we don't care if the statement
// crashes).
template <typename T>
inline T Invalid() {
Assert(false, "", -1, "Internal error: attempt to return invalid value");
// This statement is unreachable, and would never terminate even if it
// could be reached. It is provided only to placate compiler warnings
// about missing return statements.
return Invalid<T>();
}
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif
// Given a raw type (i.e. having no top-level reference or const
// modifier) RawContainer that's either an STL-style container or a
// native array, class StlContainerView<RawContainer> has the
// following members:
//
// - type is a type that provides an STL-style container view to
// (i.e. implements the STL container concept for) RawContainer;
// - const_reference is a type that provides a reference to a const
// RawContainer;
// - ConstReference(raw_container) returns a const reference to an STL-style
// container view to raw_container, which is a RawContainer.
// - Copy(raw_container) returns an STL-style container view of a
// copy of raw_container, which is a RawContainer.
//
// This generic version is used when RawContainer itself is already an
// STL-style container.
template <class RawContainer>
class StlContainerView {
public:
typedef RawContainer type;
typedef const type& const_reference;
static const_reference ConstReference(const RawContainer& container) {
// Ensures that RawContainer is not a const type.
testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<RawContainer,
GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(RawContainer)>();
return container;
}
static type Copy(const RawContainer& container) { return container; }
};
// This specialization is used when RawContainer is a native array type.
template <typename Element, size_t N>
class StlContainerView<Element[N]> {
public:
typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(Element) RawElement;
typedef internal::NativeArray<RawElement> type;
// NativeArray<T> can represent a native array either by value or by
// reference (selected by a constructor argument), so 'const type'
// can be used to reference a const native array. We cannot
// 'typedef const type& const_reference' here, as that would mean
// ConstReference() has to return a reference to a local variable.
typedef const type const_reference;
static const_reference ConstReference(const Element (&array)[N]) {
// Ensures that Element is not a const type.
testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<Element, RawElement>();
return type(array, N, RelationToSourceReference());
}
static type Copy(const Element (&array)[N]) {
return type(array, N, RelationToSourceCopy());
}
};
// This specialization is used when RawContainer is a native array
// represented as a (pointer, size) tuple.
template <typename ElementPointer, typename Size>
class StlContainerView< ::std::tuple<ElementPointer, Size> > {
public:
typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(
typename internal::PointeeOf<ElementPointer>::type) RawElement;
typedef internal::NativeArray<RawElement> type;
typedef const type const_reference;
static const_reference ConstReference(
const ::std::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
return type(std::get<0>(array), std::get<1>(array),
RelationToSourceReference());
}
static type Copy(const ::std::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
return type(std::get<0>(array), std::get<1>(array), RelationToSourceCopy());
}
};
// The following specialization prevents the user from instantiating
// StlContainer with a reference type.
template <typename T> class StlContainerView<T&>;
// A type transform to remove constness from the first part of a pair.
// Pairs like that are used as the value_type of associative containers,
// and this transform produces a similar but assignable pair.
template <typename T>
struct RemoveConstFromKey {
typedef T type;
};
// Partially specialized to remove constness from std::pair<const K, V>.
template <typename K, typename V>
struct RemoveConstFromKey<std::pair<const K, V> > {
typedef std::pair<K, V> type;
};
// Mapping from booleans to types. Similar to boost::bool_<kValue> and
// std::integral_constant<bool, kValue>.
template <bool kValue>
struct BooleanConstant {};
// Emit an assertion failure due to incorrect DoDefault() usage. Out-of-lined to
// reduce code size.
GTEST_API_ void IllegalDoDefault(const char* file, int line);
// Helper types for Apply() below.
template <size_t... Is> struct int_pack { typedef int_pack type; };
template <class Pack, size_t I> struct append;
template <size_t... Is, size_t I>
struct append<int_pack<Is...>, I> : int_pack<Is..., I> {};
template <size_t C>
struct make_int_pack : append<typename make_int_pack<C - 1>::type, C - 1> {};
template <> struct make_int_pack<0> : int_pack<> {};
template <typename F, typename Tuple, size_t... Idx>
auto ApplyImpl(F&& f, Tuple&& args, int_pack<Idx...>) -> decltype(
std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<Idx>(std::forward<Tuple>(args))...)) {
return std::forward<F>(f)(std::get<Idx>(std::forward<Tuple>(args))...);
}
// Apply the function to a tuple of arguments.
template <typename F, typename Tuple>
auto Apply(F&& f, Tuple&& args)
-> decltype(ApplyImpl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Tuple>(args),
make_int_pack<std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value>())) {
return ApplyImpl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Tuple>(args),
make_int_pack<std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value>());
}
// Template struct Function<F>, where F must be a function type, contains
// the following typedefs:
//
// Result: the function's return type.
// Arg<N>: the type of the N-th argument, where N starts with 0.
// ArgumentTuple: the tuple type consisting of all parameters of F.
// ArgumentMatcherTuple: the tuple type consisting of Matchers for all
// parameters of F.
// MakeResultVoid: the function type obtained by substituting void
// for the return type of F.
// MakeResultIgnoredValue:
// the function type obtained by substituting Something
// for the return type of F.
template <typename T>
struct Function;
template <typename R, typename... Args>
struct Function<R(Args...)> {
using Result = R;
static constexpr size_t ArgumentCount = sizeof...(Args);
template <size_t I>
using Arg = ElemFromList<I, typename MakeIndexSequence<sizeof...(Args)>::type,
Args...>;
using ArgumentTuple = std::tuple<Args...>;
using ArgumentMatcherTuple = std::tuple<Matcher<Args>...>;
using MakeResultVoid = void(Args...);
using MakeResultIgnoredValue = IgnoredValue(Args...);
};
template <typename R, typename... Args>
constexpr size_t Function<R(Args...)>::ArgumentCount;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif
} // namespace internal
} // namespace testing
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_INTERNAL_UTILS_H_

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// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Mock to various
// platforms. All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
// internal namespace are subject to change without notice. Code
// outside Google Mock MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY. Macros that don't
// end with _ are part of Google Mock's public API and can be used by
// code outside Google Mock.
// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_
#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
// Most of the utilities needed for porting Google Mock are also
// required for Google Test and are defined in gtest-port.h.
//
// Note to maintainers: to reduce code duplication, prefer adding
// portability utilities to Google Test's gtest-port.h instead of
// here, as Google Mock depends on Google Test. Only add a utility
// here if it's truly specific to Google Mock.
#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h"
// For MS Visual C++, check the compiler version. At least VS 2015 is
// required to compile Google Mock.
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
# error "At least Visual C++ 2015 (14.0) is required to compile Google Mock."
#endif
// Macro for referencing flags. This is public as we want the user to
// use this syntax to reference Google Mock flags.
#define GMOCK_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gmock_##name
#if !defined(GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_)
// Macros for declaring flags.
# define GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(name) extern GTEST_API_ bool GMOCK_FLAG(name)
# define GMOCK_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
extern GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name)
# define GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(name) \
extern GTEST_API_ ::std::string GMOCK_FLAG(name)
// Macros for defining flags.
# define GMOCK_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
GTEST_API_ bool GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
# define GMOCK_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
# define GMOCK_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
GTEST_API_ ::std::string GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
#endif // !defined(GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_)
#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_

317
test/gtest/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-pp.h Normal file
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#ifndef THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_PP_H_
#define THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_PP_H_
#undef GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
#if defined(__clang__)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC 0
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
// TODO(iserna): Also verify tradional versus comformant preprocessor.
static_assert(
_MSC_VER >= 1900,
"MSVC version not supported. There is support for MSVC 14.0 and above.");
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC 1
#else
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC 0
#endif
// Expands and concatenates the arguments. Constructed macros reevaluate.
#define GMOCK_PP_CAT(_1, _2) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CAT(_1, _2)
// Expands and stringifies the only argument.
#define GMOCK_PP_STRINGIZE(...) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_STRINGIZE(__VA_ARGS__)
// Returns empty. Given a variadic number of arguments.
#define GMOCK_PP_EMPTY(...)
// Returns a comma. Given a variadic number of arguments.
#define GMOCK_PP_COMMA(...) ,
// Returns the only argument.
#define GMOCK_PP_IDENTITY(_1) _1
// MSVC preprocessor collapses __VA_ARGS__ in a single argument, we use a
// CAT-like directive to force correct evaluation. Each macro has its own.
#if GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
// Evaluates to the number of arguments after expansion.
//
// #define PAIR x, y
//
// GMOCK_PP_NARG() => 1
// GMOCK_PP_NARG(x) => 1
// GMOCK_PP_NARG(x, y) => 2
// GMOCK_PP_NARG(PAIR) => 2
//
// Requires: the number of arguments after expansion is at most 15.
#define GMOCK_PP_NARG(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_NARG_CAT( \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INTERNAL_16TH(__VA_ARGS__, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, \
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1), )
// Returns 1 if the expansion of arguments has an unprotected comma. Otherwise
// returns 0. Requires no more than 15 unprotected commas.
#define GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HAS_COMMA_CAT( \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INTERNAL_16TH(__VA_ARGS__, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, \
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0), )
// Returns the first argument.
#define GMOCK_PP_HEAD(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD(__VA_ARGS__), )
// Returns the tail. A variadic list of all arguments minus the first. Requires
// at least one argument.
#define GMOCK_PP_TAIL(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL(__VA_ARGS__), )
// Calls CAT(_Macro, NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(_Macro, ...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_VARIADIC_CALL_CAT( \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(_Macro, GMOCK_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__), )
#else // GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
#define GMOCK_PP_NARG(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INTERNAL_16TH(__VA_ARGS__, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, \
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
#define GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INTERNAL_16TH(__VA_ARGS__, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, \
1, 1, 1, 1, 0)
#define GMOCK_PP_HEAD(...) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_PP_TAIL(...) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL(__VA_ARGS__)
#define GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(_Macro, ...) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(_Macro, GMOCK_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(__VA_ARGS__)
#endif // GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
// If the arguments after expansion have no tokens, evaluates to `1`. Otherwise
// evaluates to `0`.
//
// Requires: * the number of arguments after expansion is at most 15.
// * If the argument is a macro, it must be able to be called with one
// argument.
//
// Implementation details:
//
// There is one case when it generates a compile error: if the argument is macro
// that cannot be called with one argument.
//
// #define M(a, b) // it doesn't matter what it expands to
//
// // Expected: expands to `0`.
// // Actual: compile error.
// GMOCK_PP_IS_EMPTY(M)
//
// There are 4 cases tested:
//
// * __VA_ARGS__ possible expansion has no unparen'd commas. Expected 0.
// * __VA_ARGS__ possible expansion is not enclosed in parenthesis. Expected 0.
// * __VA_ARGS__ possible expansion is not a macro that ()-evaluates to a comma.
// Expected 0
// * __VA_ARGS__ is empty, or has unparen'd commas, or is enclosed in
// parenthesis, or is a macro that ()-evaluates to comma. Expected 1.
//
// We trigger detection on '0001', i.e. on empty.
#define GMOCK_PP_IS_EMPTY(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IS_EMPTY(GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__), \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_COMMA __VA_ARGS__), \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(__VA_ARGS__()), \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_COMMA __VA_ARGS__()))
// Evaluates to _Then if _Cond is 1 and _Else if _Cond is 0.
#define GMOCK_PP_IF(_Cond, _Then, _Else) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IF_, _Cond)(_Then, _Else)
// Evaluates to the number of arguments after expansion. Identifies 'empty' as
// 0.
//
// #define PAIR x, y
//
// GMOCK_PP_NARG0() => 0
// GMOCK_PP_NARG0(x) => 1
// GMOCK_PP_NARG0(x, y) => 2
// GMOCK_PP_NARG0(PAIR) => 2
//
// Requires: * the number of arguments after expansion is at most 15.
// * If the argument is a macro, it must be able to be called with one
// argument.
#define GMOCK_PP_NARG0(...) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_EMPTY(__VA_ARGS__), 0, GMOCK_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))
// Expands to 1 if the first argument starts with something in parentheses,
// otherwise to 0.
#define GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD( \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_R_, \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_C __VA_ARGS__))
// Expands to 1 is there is only one argument and it is enclosed in parentheses.
#define GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(...) \
GMOCK_PP_IF(GMOCK_PP_IS_BEGIN_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__), \
GMOCK_PP_IS_EMPTY(GMOCK_PP_EMPTY __VA_ARGS__), 0)
// Remove the parens, requires GMOCK_PP_IS_ENCLOSED_PARENS(args) => 1.
#define GMOCK_PP_REMOVE_PARENS(...) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_REMOVE_PARENS __VA_ARGS__
// Expands to _Macro(0, _Data, e1) _Macro(1, _Data, e2) ... _Macro(K -1, _Data,
// eK) as many of GMOCK_INTERNAL_NARG0 _Tuple.
// Requires: * |_Macro| can be called with 3 arguments.
// * |_Tuple| expansion has no more than 15 elements.
#define GMOCK_PP_FOR_EACH(_Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_, GMOCK_PP_NARG0 _Tuple) \
(0, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple)
// Expands to _Macro(0, _Data, ) _Macro(1, _Data, ) ... _Macro(K - 1, _Data, )
// Empty if _K = 0.
// Requires: * |_Macro| can be called with 3 arguments.
// * |_K| literal between 0 and 15
#define GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(_Macro, _Data, _N) \
GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_, _N) \
(0, _Macro, _Data, GMOCK_PP_INTENRAL_EMPTY_TUPLE)
// Increments the argument, requires the argument to be between 0 and 15.
#define GMOCK_PP_INC(_i) GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_, _i)
// Returns comma if _i != 0. Requires _i to be between 0 and 15.
#define GMOCK_PP_COMMA_IF(_i) GMOCK_PP_CAT(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_, _i)
// Internal details follow. Do not use any of these symbols outside of this
// file or we will break your code.
#define GMOCK_PP_INTENRAL_EMPTY_TUPLE (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , )
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CAT(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_STRINGIZE(...) #__VA_ARGS__
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INTERNAL_16TH(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, \
_10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, _16, \
...) \
_16
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CAT_5(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5) _1##_2##_3##_4##_5
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IS_EMPTY(_1, _2, _3, _4) \
GMOCK_PP_HAS_COMMA(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CAT_5(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IS_EMPTY_CASE_, \
_1, _2, _3, _4))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IS_EMPTY_CASE_0001 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IF_1(_Then, _Else) _Then
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IF_0(_Then, _Else) _Else
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD(_1, ...) _1
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL(_1, ...) __VA_ARGS__
#if GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_NARG_CAT(_1, _2) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_NARG_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD_CAT(_1, _2) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HAS_COMMA_CAT(_1, _2) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HAS_COMMA_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL_CAT(_1, _2) GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_VARIADIC_CALL_CAT(_1, _2) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_VARIADIC_CALL_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_NARG_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HEAD_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_HAS_COMMA_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_TAIL_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_VARIADIC_CALL_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD(...) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD_CAT(GMOCK_PP_HEAD(__VA_ARGS__), )
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD_CAT(_1, _2) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD_CAT_I(_1, _2)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD_CAT_I(_1, _2) _1##_2
#else // GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_ALTERNATE_HEAD(...) GMOCK_PP_HEAD(__VA_ARGS__)
#endif // GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_USE_MSVC
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_C(...) 1 _
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_R_1 1,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_R_GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_IBP_IS_VARIADIC_C \
0,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_REMOVE_PARENS(...) __VA_ARGS__
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_0 1
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_1 2
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_2 3
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_3 4
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_4 5
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_5 6
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_6 7
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_7 8
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_8 9
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_9 10
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_10 11
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_11 12
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_12 13
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_13 14
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_14 15
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_INC_15 16
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_0
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_1 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_2 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_3 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_4 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_5 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_6 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_7 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_8 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_9 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_10 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_11 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_12 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_13 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_14 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_COMMA_IF_15 ,
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, _element) \
_Macro(_i, _Data, _element)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_0(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_1(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple)
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_2(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_1(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_3(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_2(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_4(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_3(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_5(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_4(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_6(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_5(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_7(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_6(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_8(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_7(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_9(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_8(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_10(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_9(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_11(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_10(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_12(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_11(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_13(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_12(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_14(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_13(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#define GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_15(_i, _Macro, _Data, _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_CALL_MACRO(_Macro, _i, _Data, GMOCK_PP_HEAD _Tuple) \
GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_FOR_EACH_IMPL_14(GMOCK_PP_INC(_i), _Macro, _Data, \
(GMOCK_PP_TAIL _Tuple))
#endif // THIRD_PARTY_GOOGLETEST_GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PP_H_

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Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 9.00
# Visual Studio 2005
Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gmock", "gmock.vcproj", "{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}"
EndProject
Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gmock_test", "gmock_test.vcproj", "{F10D22F8-AC7B-4213-8720-608E7D878CD2}"
EndProject
Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "gmock_main", "gmock_main.vcproj", "{E4EF614B-30DF-4954-8C53-580A0BF6B589}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
{F10D22F8-AC7B-4213-8720-608E7D878CD2}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
{F10D22F8-AC7B-4213-8720-608E7D878CD2}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
{F10D22F8-AC7B-4213-8720-608E7D878CD2}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
{F10D22F8-AC7B-4213-8720-608E7D878CD2}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
{E4EF614B-30DF-4954-8C53-580A0BF6B589}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
{E4EF614B-30DF-4954-8C53-580A0BF6B589}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
{E4EF614B-30DF-4954-8C53-580A0BF6B589}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
{E4EF614B-30DF-4954-8C53-580A0BF6B589}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal

191
test/gtest/googlemock/msvc/2005/gmock.vcproj Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Windows-1252"?>
<VisualStudioProject
ProjectType="Visual C++"
Version="8.00"
Name="gmock"
ProjectGUID="{34681F0D-CE45-415D-B5F2-5C662DFE3BD5}"
RootNamespace="gmock"
Keyword="Win32Proj"
>
<Platforms>
<Platform
Name="Win32"
/>
</Platforms>
<ToolFiles>
</ToolFiles>
<Configurations>
<Configuration
Name="Debug|Win32"
OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)$(ConfigurationName)"
IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)"
ConfigurationType="4"
InheritedPropertySheets=".\gmock_config.vsprops"
CharacterSet="1"
>
<Tool
Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCMIDLTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
Optimization="0"
AdditionalIncludeDirectories="..\..\include;..\.."
PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB"
MinimalRebuild="true"
BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
RuntimeLibrary="1"
UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
WarningLevel="3"
Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="true"
DebugInformationFormat="3"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCLibrarianTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCALinkTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCBscMakeTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCFxCopTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
/>
</Configuration>
<Configuration
Name="Release|Win32"
OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)$(ConfigurationName)"
IntermediateDirectory="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName)"
ConfigurationType="4"
InheritedPropertySheets=".\gmock_config.vsprops"
CharacterSet="1"
WholeProgramOptimization="1"
>
<Tool
Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCMIDLTool"
/>
<Tool
Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
AdditionalIncludeDirectories="..\..\include;..\.."
PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB"
RuntimeLibrary="0"
UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
WarningLevel="3"
Detect64BitPortabilityProblems="true"
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