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oxen-core/src/cryptonote_basic/cryptonote_basic.h
Jason Rhinelander 0350ccfc9a Switch to per-byte + per-output fees, reduce max multiplier 
This switches loki 5.x to use a fee formula of

    SIZE * PER_BYTE + OUTPUTS * PER_OUTPUT

where we reduce the PER_BYTE fee back to what it was in 3.x; and with
the PER_OUTPUT fee set to 0.02 LOKI.  This compares to the 4.x fee of:

    SIZE * PER_BYTE * 80

(the *80 multiple was introduced in 4.x).

It also reduces the multiplier for the maximum priority level to 125
instead of 1000 because 1000 produced uselessly high tx fees.  The new
multipliers go up 5x at each level: {1, 5, 25, 125} while previously
they went {1, 5, 25, 1000}.

As for the base change: we added the *80 multiplier in 4.x because we
wanted to make a theoretical de-anonymizing tx spam attack more costly.
The unanticipated consequence was that we also made *large* transactions
(such as sweeps) considerably more costly despite the fact that these
transactions typically only create 2 outputs.

This better captures what we meant to do in 4.x (making output creation
relatively more expensive) without making large txes (e.g. sweeps
required for staking) highly expensive.

The end effect is that the fee for a minimum-sized, 1-input/2-output
transaction should stay roughly the same (slightly over 0.04 LOKI),
while a 100-input/2-output transction (a typical spend or sweep from a
wallet with lots of smaller rewards) will drop in fee by somewhere
around 95%.

The most efficient theoretical deanonymizing tx spamming of this sort
was a 1-input/16-output transaction which will become about 2.5x as
expensive as currently the case in v4.x.
2019-08-26 17:42:30 -03:00

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// Copyright (c) 2014-2019, The Monero Project
//
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
// conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
// of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
// materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
// used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
// prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
#pragma once
#include <boost/variant.hpp>
#include <boost/functional/hash/hash.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring> // memcmp
#include <sstream>
#include <atomic>
#include "serialization/variant.h"
#include "serialization/vector.h"
#include "serialization/binary_archive.h"
#include "serialization/json_archive.h"
#include "serialization/debug_archive.h"
#include "serialization/crypto.h"
#include "serialization/keyvalue_serialization.h" // eepe named serialization
#include "cryptonote_config.h"
#include "crypto/crypto.h"
#include "crypto/hash.h"
#include "misc_language.h"
#include "ringct/rctTypes.h"
#include "device/device.hpp"
namespace cryptonote
{
typedef std::vector<crypto::signature> ring_signature;
/* outputs */
struct txout_to_script
{
std::vector<crypto::public_key> keys;
std::vector<uint8_t> script;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
FIELD(keys)
FIELD(script)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
struct txout_to_scripthash
{
crypto::hash hash;
};
struct txout_to_key
{
txout_to_key() { }
txout_to_key(const crypto::public_key &_key) : key(_key) { }
crypto::public_key key;
};
/* inputs */
struct txin_gen
{
size_t height;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
VARINT_FIELD(height)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
struct txin_to_script
{
crypto::hash prev;
size_t prevout;
std::vector<uint8_t> sigset;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
FIELD(prev)
VARINT_FIELD(prevout)
FIELD(sigset)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
struct txin_to_scripthash
{
crypto::hash prev;
size_t prevout;
txout_to_script script;
std::vector<uint8_t> sigset;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
FIELD(prev)
VARINT_FIELD(prevout)
FIELD(script)
FIELD(sigset)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
struct txin_to_key
{
uint64_t amount;
std::vector<uint64_t> key_offsets;
crypto::key_image k_image; // double spending protection
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
VARINT_FIELD(amount)
FIELD(key_offsets)
FIELD(k_image)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
typedef boost::variant<txin_gen, txin_to_script, txin_to_scripthash, txin_to_key> txin_v;
typedef boost::variant<txout_to_script, txout_to_scripthash, txout_to_key> txout_target_v;
//typedef std::pair<uint64_t, txout> out_t;
struct tx_out
{
uint64_t amount;
txout_target_v target;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
VARINT_FIELD(amount)
FIELD(target)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
template<typename T> static inline unsigned int getpos(T &ar) { return 0; }
template<> inline unsigned int getpos(binary_archive<true> &ar) { return ar.stream().tellp(); }
template<> inline unsigned int getpos(binary_archive<false> &ar) { return ar.stream().tellg(); }
enum class txversion : uint16_t {
v0 = 0,
v1,
v2_ringct,
v3_per_output_unlock_times,
v4_tx_types,
_count,
};
enum class txtype : uint16_t {
standard,
state_change,
key_image_unlock,
_count
};
class transaction_prefix
{
public:
static char const *version_to_string(txversion v);
static char const *type_to_string(txtype type);
static txversion get_min_version_for_hf(uint8_t hf_version, cryptonote::network_type nettype = MAINNET);
static txversion get_max_version_for_hf(uint8_t hf_version, cryptonote::network_type nettype = MAINNET);
// tx information
txversion version;
txtype type;
// not used after version 2, but remains for compatibility
uint64_t unlock_time; //number of block (or time), used as a limitation like: spend this tx not early then block/time
std::vector<txin_v> vin;
std::vector<tx_out> vout;
//extra
std::vector<uint8_t> extra;
std::vector<uint64_t> output_unlock_times;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE()
ENUM_FIELD(version, version >= txversion::v1 && version < txversion::_count);
if (version >= txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times)
{
FIELD(output_unlock_times)
if (version == txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times) {
bool is_state_change = type == txtype::state_change;
FIELD(is_state_change)
type = is_state_change ? txtype::state_change : txtype::standard;
}
}
VARINT_FIELD(unlock_time)
FIELD(vin)
FIELD(vout)
if (version >= txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times && vout.size() != output_unlock_times.size())
return false;
FIELD(extra)
if (version >= txversion::v4_tx_types)
ENUM_FIELD_N("type", type, type < txtype::_count);
END_SERIALIZE()
transaction_prefix(){ set_null(); }
void set_null()
{
version = txversion::v1;
unlock_time = 0;
vin.clear();
vout.clear();
extra.clear();
output_unlock_times.clear();
type = txtype::standard;
}
uint64_t get_unlock_time(size_t out_index) const
{
if (version >= txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times)
{
if (out_index >= output_unlock_times.size())
{
LOG_ERROR("Tried to get unlock time of a v3 transaction with missing output unlock time");
return unlock_time;
}
return output_unlock_times[out_index];
}
return unlock_time;
}
};
class transaction: public transaction_prefix
{
private:
// hash cash
mutable std::atomic<bool> hash_valid;
mutable std::atomic<bool> blob_size_valid;
public:
std::vector<std::vector<crypto::signature> > signatures; //count signatures always the same as inputs count
rct::rctSig rct_signatures;
// hash cash
mutable crypto::hash hash;
mutable size_t blob_size;
bool pruned;
std::atomic<unsigned int> unprunable_size;
std::atomic<unsigned int> prefix_size;
transaction();
transaction(const transaction &t): transaction_prefix(t), hash_valid(false), blob_size_valid(false), signatures(t.signatures), rct_signatures(t.rct_signatures), pruned(t.pruned), unprunable_size(t.unprunable_size.load()), prefix_size(t.prefix_size.load()) { if (t.is_hash_valid()) { hash = t.hash; set_hash_valid(true); } if (t.is_blob_size_valid()) { blob_size = t.blob_size; set_blob_size_valid(true); } }
transaction &operator=(const transaction &t) { transaction_prefix::operator=(t); set_hash_valid(false); set_blob_size_valid(false); signatures = t.signatures; rct_signatures = t.rct_signatures; if (t.is_hash_valid()) { hash = t.hash; set_hash_valid(true); } if (t.is_blob_size_valid()) { blob_size = t.blob_size; set_blob_size_valid(true); } pruned = t.pruned; unprunable_size = t.unprunable_size.load(); prefix_size = t.prefix_size.load(); return *this; }
virtual ~transaction();
void set_null();
void invalidate_hashes();
bool is_hash_valid() const { return hash_valid.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
void set_hash_valid(bool v) const { hash_valid.store(v,std::memory_order_release); }
bool is_blob_size_valid() const { return blob_size_valid.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
void set_blob_size_valid(bool v) const { blob_size_valid.store(v,std::memory_order_release); }
void set_hash(const crypto::hash &h) { hash = h; set_hash_valid(true); }
void set_blob_size(size_t sz) { blob_size = sz; set_blob_size_valid(true); }
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
if (!typename Archive<W>::is_saving())
{
set_hash_valid(false);
set_blob_size_valid(false);
}
const unsigned int start_pos = getpos(ar);
FIELDS(*static_cast<transaction_prefix *>(this))
if (std::is_same<Archive<W>, binary_archive<W>>())
prefix_size = getpos(ar) - start_pos;
if (version == txversion::v1)
{
if (std::is_same<Archive<W>, binary_archive<W>>())
unprunable_size = getpos(ar) - start_pos;
ar.tag("signatures");
ar.begin_array();
PREPARE_CUSTOM_VECTOR_SERIALIZATION(vin.size(), signatures);
bool signatures_not_expected = signatures.empty();
if (!signatures_not_expected && vin.size() != signatures.size())
return false;
if (!pruned) for (size_t i = 0; i < vin.size(); ++i)
{
size_t signature_size = get_signature_size(vin[i]);
if (signatures_not_expected)
{
if (0 == signature_size)
continue;
else
return false;
}
PREPARE_CUSTOM_VECTOR_SERIALIZATION(signature_size, signatures[i]);
if (signature_size != signatures[i].size())
return false;
FIELDS(signatures[i]);
if (vin.size() - i > 1)
ar.delimit_array();
}
ar.end_array();
}
else
{
ar.tag("rct_signatures");
if (!vin.empty())
{
ar.begin_object();
bool r = rct_signatures.serialize_rctsig_base(ar, vin.size(), vout.size());
if (!r || !ar.stream().good()) return false;
ar.end_object();
if (std::is_same<Archive<W>, binary_archive<W>>())
unprunable_size = getpos(ar) - start_pos;
if (!pruned && rct_signatures.type != rct::RCTTypeNull)
{
ar.tag("rctsig_prunable");
ar.begin_object();
r = rct_signatures.p.serialize_rctsig_prunable(ar, rct_signatures.type, vin.size(), vout.size(),
vin.size() > 0 && vin[0].type() == typeid(txin_to_key) ? boost::get<txin_to_key>(vin[0]).key_offsets.size() - 1 : 0);
if (!r || !ar.stream().good()) return false;
ar.end_object();
}
}
}
if (!typename Archive<W>::is_saving())
pruned = false;
END_SERIALIZE()
template<bool W, template <bool> class Archive>
bool serialize_base(Archive<W> &ar)
{
FIELDS(*static_cast<transaction_prefix *>(this))
if (version == txversion::v1)
{
}
else
{
ar.tag("rct_signatures");
if (!vin.empty())
{
ar.begin_object();
bool r = rct_signatures.serialize_rctsig_base(ar, vin.size(), vout.size());
if (!r || !ar.stream().good()) return false;
ar.end_object();
}
}
if (!typename Archive<W>::is_saving())
pruned = true;
return ar.stream().good();
}
private:
static size_t get_signature_size(const txin_v& tx_in);
};
inline
transaction::transaction()
{
set_null();
}
inline
transaction::~transaction()
{
}
inline
void transaction::set_null()
{
transaction_prefix::set_null();
signatures.clear();
rct_signatures = {};
rct_signatures.type = rct::RCTTypeNull;
set_hash_valid(false);
set_blob_size_valid(false);
pruned = false;
unprunable_size = 0;
prefix_size = 0;
}
inline
void transaction::invalidate_hashes()
{
set_hash_valid(false);
set_blob_size_valid(false);
}
inline
size_t transaction::get_signature_size(const txin_v& tx_in)
{
struct txin_signature_size_visitor : public boost::static_visitor<size_t>
{
size_t operator()(const txin_gen& txin) const{return 0;}
size_t operator()(const txin_to_script& txin) const{return 0;}
size_t operator()(const txin_to_scripthash& txin) const{return 0;}
size_t operator()(const txin_to_key& txin) const {return txin.key_offsets.size();}
};
return boost::apply_visitor(txin_signature_size_visitor(), tx_in);
}
/************************************************************************/
/* */
/************************************************************************/
struct block_header
{
uint8_t major_version = cryptonote::network_version_7;
uint8_t minor_version = cryptonote::network_version_7; // now used as a voting mechanism, rather than how this particular block is built
uint64_t timestamp;
crypto::hash prev_id;
uint32_t nonce;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE()
VARINT_FIELD(major_version)
VARINT_FIELD(minor_version)
VARINT_FIELD(timestamp)
FIELD(prev_id)
FIELD(nonce)
END_SERIALIZE()
};
struct block: public block_header
{
private:
// hash cash
mutable std::atomic<bool> hash_valid;
public:
block(): block_header(), hash_valid(false) {}
block(const block &b): block_header(b), hash_valid(false), miner_tx(b.miner_tx), tx_hashes(b.tx_hashes) { if (b.is_hash_valid()) { hash = b.hash; set_hash_valid(true); } }
block &operator=(const block &b) { block_header::operator=(b); hash_valid = false; miner_tx = b.miner_tx; tx_hashes = b.tx_hashes; if (b.is_hash_valid()) { hash = b.hash; set_hash_valid(true); } return *this; }
void invalidate_hashes() { set_hash_valid(false); }
bool is_hash_valid() const { return hash_valid.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
void set_hash_valid(bool v) const { hash_valid.store(v,std::memory_order_release); }
transaction miner_tx;
std::vector<crypto::hash> tx_hashes;
// hash cash
mutable crypto::hash hash;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
if (!typename Archive<W>::is_saving())
set_hash_valid(false);
FIELDS(*static_cast<block_header *>(this))
FIELD(miner_tx)
FIELD(tx_hashes)
if (tx_hashes.size() > CRYPTONOTE_MAX_TX_PER_BLOCK)
return false;
END_SERIALIZE()
};
/************************************************************************/
/* */
/************************************************************************/
struct account_public_address
{
crypto::public_key m_spend_public_key;
crypto::public_key m_view_public_key;
BEGIN_SERIALIZE_OBJECT()
FIELD(m_spend_public_key)
FIELD(m_view_public_key)
END_SERIALIZE()
BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
KV_SERIALIZE_VAL_POD_AS_BLOB_FORCE(m_spend_public_key)
KV_SERIALIZE_VAL_POD_AS_BLOB_FORCE(m_view_public_key)
END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
bool operator==(const account_public_address& rhs) const
{
return m_spend_public_key == rhs.m_spend_public_key &&
m_view_public_key == rhs.m_view_public_key;
}
bool operator!=(const account_public_address& rhs) const
{
return !(*this == rhs);
}
};
struct keypair
{
crypto::public_key pub;
crypto::secret_key sec;
static inline keypair generate(hw::device &hwdev)
{
keypair k;
hwdev.generate_keys(k.pub, k.sec);
return k;
}
};
using byte_and_output_fees = std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>;
//---------------------------------------------------------------
inline static cryptonote::network_type validate_nettype(cryptonote::network_type nettype)
{
cryptonote::network_type result = nettype;
assert(result != UNDEFINED);
if (result == UNDEFINED)
{
LOG_ERROR("Min/Max version query network type unexpectedly set to UNDEFINED, defaulting to MAINNET");
result = MAINNET;
}
return result;
}
inline enum txversion transaction_prefix::get_max_version_for_hf(uint8_t hf_version, cryptonote::network_type nettype)
{
nettype = validate_nettype(nettype);
if (hf_version >= cryptonote::network_version_7 && hf_version <= cryptonote::network_version_8)
return txversion::v2_ringct;
if (hf_version >= cryptonote::network_version_9_service_nodes && hf_version <= cryptonote::network_version_10_bulletproofs)
return txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times;
return txversion::v4_tx_types;
}
inline enum txversion transaction_prefix::get_min_version_for_hf(uint8_t hf_version, cryptonote::network_type nettype)
{
nettype = validate_nettype(nettype);
if (nettype == MAINNET) // NOTE(loki): Add an exception for mainnet as there are v2's on mainnet.
{
if (hf_version == cryptonote::network_version_10_bulletproofs)
return txversion::v2_ringct;
}
if (hf_version >= cryptonote::network_version_7 && hf_version <= cryptonote::network_version_9_service_nodes)
return txversion::v2_ringct;
if (hf_version == cryptonote::network_version_10_bulletproofs)
return txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times;
return txversion::v4_tx_types;
}
inline char const *transaction_prefix::version_to_string(txversion v)
{
switch(v)
{
case txversion::v1: return "1";
case txversion::v2_ringct: return "2_ringct";
case txversion::v3_per_output_unlock_times: return "3_per_output_unlock_times";
case txversion::v4_tx_types: return "4_tx_types";
default: assert(false); return "xx_unhandled_version";
}
}
inline char const *transaction_prefix::type_to_string(txtype type)
{
switch(type)
{
case txtype::standard: return "standard";
case txtype::state_change: return "state_change";
case txtype::key_image_unlock: return "key_image_unlock";
default: assert(false); return "xx_unhandled_type";
}
}
inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, txtype t) {
return os << transaction::type_to_string(t);
}
inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, txversion v) {
return os << transaction::version_to_string(v);
}
}
namespace std {
template <>
struct hash<cryptonote::account_public_address>
{
std::size_t operator()(const cryptonote::account_public_address& addr) const
{
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/17017281
size_t res = 17;
res = res * 31 + hash<crypto::public_key>()(addr.m_spend_public_key);
res = res * 31 + hash<crypto::public_key>()(addr.m_view_public_key);
return res;
}
};
}
BLOB_SERIALIZER(cryptonote::txout_to_key);
BLOB_SERIALIZER(cryptonote::txout_to_scripthash);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txin_gen, 0xff);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_script, 0x0);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_scripthash, 0x1);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_key, 0x2);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_script, 0x0);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_scripthash, 0x1);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_key, 0x2);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::transaction, 0xcc);
VARIANT_TAG(binary_archive, cryptonote::block, 0xbb);
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txin_gen, "gen");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_script, "script");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_scripthash, "scripthash");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_key, "key");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_script, "script");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_scripthash, "scripthash");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_key, "key");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::transaction, "tx");
VARIANT_TAG(json_archive, cryptonote::block, "block");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txin_gen, "gen");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_script, "script");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_scripthash, "scripthash");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txin_to_key, "key");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_script, "script");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_scripthash, "scripthash");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::txout_to_key, "key");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::transaction, "tx");
VARIANT_TAG(debug_archive, cryptonote::block, "block");
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