diff --git a/rwm_mainrole.sh b/rwm_mainrole.sh
index fc71dbf..5062a1d 100755
--- a/rwm_mainrole.sh
+++ b/rwm_mainrole.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 . $HOME/.config/rootwm/rwm_var
 
+FW=$(pfw)
+
 usage() {
     echo "usage:
 rwm_starship.sh [ -n, -p, -l, wid ]
@@ -13,21 +15,41 @@ rwm_starship.sh [ -n, -p, -l, wid ]
 wid) window id"
 }
 
+# docus next window in server's window stack order
+next() {
+    wid=$(lsw | grep -v $FW | sed '1 p;d')
+    chwso -r $wid
+}
+
+# focus previous window in in server's window stack order
+prev() {
+    wid=$(lsw | grep -v $FW | sed '$ p;d')
+    chwso -r $wid
+}
+
+# focus the top window in the server's window stack order
+top() {
+    wid=$(lsw | sed '$ p;d')
+}
+
+# focus on wid
+on_wid() {
+    wattr $1 && wid=$1
+    chwso -r $wid
+}
+
 case $1 in
-    -n)    # focus next in stack order
-	wid=$(lsw | grep -v $(pfw) | sed '1 p;d')
-	chwso -r $wid
+    -n)
+	next
 	;;
-    -p)    # focus prev in stack order
-	wid=$(lsw | grep -v $(pfw) | sed '$ p;d')
-	chwso -r $wid
+    -p)
+	prev
 	;;
-    -t)    # focus the top window in the server’s window stack
-	wid=$(lsw | sed '$ p;d')
+    -t)
+	top
 	;;
-    0x*)    # focus on wid
-	wattr $1 && wid=$1
-	chwso -r $wid
+    0x*)
+	on_wid
 	;;
     *)
 	usage