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hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-.../types-of-mssql-users.md

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Types of MSSQL Users

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Table taken from the docs.

Column name Data type Description
name sysname Name of principal, unique within the database.
principal_id int ID of principal, unique within the database.
type char(1)

Principal type:

A = Application role

C = User mapped to a certificate

E = External user from Azure Active Directory

G = Windows group

K = User mapped to an asymmetric key

R = Database role

S = SQL user

U = Windows user

X = External group from Azure Active Directory group or applications
type_desc nvarchar(60)

Description of principal type.

APPLICATION_ROLE

CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_USER

EXTERNAL_USER

WINDOWS_GROUP

ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_USER

DATABASE_ROLE

SQL_USER

WINDOWS_USER

EXTERNAL_GROUPS
default_schema_name sysname Name to be used when SQL name does not specify a schema. Null for principals not of type S, U, or A.
create_date datetime Time at which the principal was created.
modify_date datetime Time at which the principal was last modified.
owning_principal_id int ID of the principal that owns this principal. All fixed Database Roles are owned by dbo by default.
sid varbinary(85) SID (Security Identifier) of the principal. NULL for SYS and INFORMATION SCHEMAS.
is_fixed_role bit If 1, this row represents an entry for one of the fixed database roles: db_owner, db_accessadmin, db_datareader, db_datawriter, db_ddladmin, db_securityadmin, db_backupoperator, db_denydatareader, db_denydatawriter.
authentication_type int

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later.

Signifies authentication type. The following are the possible values and their descriptions.

0 : No authentication
1 : Instance authentication
2 : Database authentication
3 : Windows authentication
4 : Azure Active Directory authentication
authentication_type_desc nvarchar(60)

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later.

Description of the authentication type. The following are the possible values and their descriptions.

NONE : No authentication
INSTANCE : Instance authentication
DATABASE : Database authentication
WINDOWS : Windows authentication
EXTERNAL: Azure Active Directory authentication
default_language_name sysname

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later.

Signifies the default language for this principal.
default_language_lcid int

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later.

Signifies the default LCID for this principal.
allow_encrypted_value_modifications bit

Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later, SQL Database.

Suppresses cryptographic metadata checks on the server in bulk copy operations. This enables the user to bulk copy data encrypted using Always Encrypted, between tables or databases, without decrypting the data. The default is OFF.
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