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MISC

In a ping response TTL:
127 = Windows
254 = Cisco
Lo demás,algunlinux

1- md5
2$or $2a - Blowfish
5- sha256
6- sha512

If you do not know what is behind a service, try to make and HTTP GET request.

UDP Scans
nc -nv -u -z -w 1 <IP> 160-16

An empty UDP packet is sent to a specific port. If the UDP port is open, no reply is sent back from the target machine. If the UDP port is closed, an ICMP port unreachable packet should be sent back from the target machine.\

UDP port scanning is often unreliable, as firewalls and routers may drop ICMP
packets. This can lead to false positives in your scan, and you will regularly see
UDP port scans showing all UDP ports open on a scanned machine.
o Most port scanners do not scan all available ports, and usually have a preset list
of “interesting ports” that are scanned.

CTF - Tricks

In Windows use Winzip to search for files.
Alternate data Streams: dir /r | find ":$DATA"\

binwalk --dd=".*" <file> #Extract everything
binwalk -M -e -d=10000 suspicious.pdf #Extract, look inside extracted files and continue extracing (depth of 10000)

Crypto

featherduster\

Basae64(6—>8) —> 0...9, a...z, A…Z,+,/
Base32(5 —>8) —> A…Z, 2…7
Base85 (Ascii85, 7—>8) —> 0...9, a...z, A...Z, ., -, :, +, =, ^, !, /, *, ?, &, <, >, (, ), [, ], {, }, @, %, $, #
Uuencode --> Start with "begin <mode> <filename>" and weird chars
Xxencoding --> Start with "begin <mode> <filename>" and B64

Vigenere (frequency analysis) —> https://www.guballa.de/vigenere-solver
Scytale (offset of characters) —> https://www.dcode.fr/scytale-cipher

25x25 = QR

factordb.com
rsatool

Snow --> Hide messages using spaces and tabs

Characters

%E2%80%AE => RTL Character (writes payloads backwards)