614 KiB
Documentation on the NetBSD packages system
Copyright © 1994-2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc
$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.10 2005/10/05 13:59:56 dillo Exp $
Abstract
Information about using the NetBSD package system (pkgsrc) from both a user view for installing packages as well as from a pkgsrc developers' view for creating new packages.
Table of Contents
- 1. What is pkgsrc?
- I. The pkgsrc user's guide
-
- 2. Where to get pkgsrc
- 3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD
- 4. Using pkgsrc
- 5. Configuring pkgsrc
- 6. Creating binary packages
- 7. Frequently Asked Questions
-
- 7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
- 7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
- 7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 7.11. What does “Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc” mean?
- 7.12. What does “Could not find bsd.own.mk” mean?
- 7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 7.15. Automated security checks
- II. The pkgsrc developer's guide
-
- 8. Package components - files, directories and contents
- 9.
Programming in
Makefiles - 10. PLIST issues
- 11. Buildlink methodology
- 12. The pkginstall framework
- 13. Options handling
- 14. The build process
-
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Program location
- 14.3. Directories used during the build process
- 14.4. Running a phase
- 14.5. The fetch phase
- 14.6. The checksum phase
- 14.7. The extract phase
- 14.8. The patch phase
- 14.9. The tools phase
- 14.10. The wrapper phase
- 14.11. The configure phase
- 14.12. The build phase
- 14.13. The test phase
- 14.14. The install phase
- 14.15. The package phase
- 14.16. Other helpful targets
- 15. Making your package work
-
- 15.1. General operation
-
- 15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
- 15.1.2. Where to install documentation
- 15.1.3. Restricted packages
- 15.1.4. Handling dependencies
- 15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
- 15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
- 15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 15.1.11. Portability of packages
- 15.2. Possible downloading issues
- 15.3. Configuration gotchas
- 15.4. Building the package
- 15.5. Package specific actions
-
- 15.5.1. User interaction
- 15.5.2. Handling licenses
- 15.5.3. Installing score files
- 15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
- 15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 15.5.7. Packages installing info files
- 15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
- 15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 15.5.14. Packages using intltool
- 15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts
- 15.6. Feedback to the author
- 16. Debugging
- 17. Submitting and Committing
- A. A simple example package: bison
- B. Build logs
- C. Layout of the FTP server's package archive
- D. Editing guidelines for the pkgsrc guide
Table of Contents
There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, which usually runs on NetBSD and other Unix-flavoured systems, too, sometimes with some modifications. The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run, and makes the installation (and de-installation) of the software package easy by means of a single command.
Once the software has been built, it is manipulated with the pkg_* tools so that installation and de-installation, printing of an inventory of all installed packages and retrieval of one-line comments or more verbose descriptions are all simple.
pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages, including:
-
www/apache- The Apache web server -
www/mozilla- The Mozilla web browser -
meta-pkgs/gnome- The GNOME Desktop Environment -
meta-pkgs/kde3- The K Desktop Environment
...just to name a few.
pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying dependencies, such as pthreads and X11, and extended features such as IPv6 support on a range of platforms.
pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and initially developed for NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has grown a lot, and now supports the following platforms:
This document is divided into two parts. The first, The pkgsrc user's guide, describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package, or by building one's own copy using the NetBSD package system. The second part, The pkgsrc developer's guide, explains how to prepare a package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without knowing about the package's building details.
This document is available in various formats:
There has been a lot of talk about “ports”, “packages”, etc. so far. Here is a description of all the terminology used within this document.
- Package
-
A set of files and building instructions that describe what's necessary to build a certain piece of software using pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally stored under
/usr/pkgsrc. - The NetBSD package system
-
This is the former name of “pkgsrc”. It is part of the NetBSD operating system and can be bootstrapped to run on non-NetBSD operating systems as well. It handles building (compiling), installing, and removing of packages.
- Distfile
-
This term describes the file or files that are provided by the author of the piece of software to distribute his work. All the changes necessary to build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible, too. Distfiles are usually stored below
/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. - Port
-
This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD people for what we call a package. In NetBSD terminology, “port” refers to a different architecture.
- Precompiled/binary package
-
A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a distfile and stuffed together in a single
.tgzfile so it can be installed on machines of the same machine architecture without the need to recompile. Packages are usually generated in/usr/pkgsrc/packages; there is also an archive on ftp.NetBSD.org.Sometimes, this is referred to by the term “package” too, especially in the context of precompiled packages.
- Program
-
The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from all the files in the distfile by the actions defined in the corresponding package.
Table of Contents
- 2. Where to get pkgsrc
- 3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD
- 4. Using pkgsrc
- 5. Configuring pkgsrc
- 6. Creating binary packages
- 7. Frequently Asked Questions
-
- 7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
- 7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
- 7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 7.11. What does “Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc” mean?
- 7.12. What does “Could not find bsd.own.mk” mean?
- 7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 7.15. Automated security checks
Table of Contents
There are three ways to get pkgsrc. Either as a tar file, via SUP, or via CVS. All three ways are described here.
To get pkgsrc going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz
file from ftp.NetBSD.org and unpack it into
/usr/pkgsrc.
As an alternative to the tar file, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update Protocol, SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line
release=pkgsrc
in it, see the examples in /usr/share/examples/supfiles, and that
the /usr/pkgsrc directory exists. Then,
simply run sup -v
/path/to/your/supfile.
To get pkgsrc via CVS, make sure you have “cvs” installed. To do an initial (full) checkout of pkgsrc, do the following steps:
%setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot%setenv CVS_RSH ssh%cd /usr%cvs checkout -P pkgsrc
This will create the pkgsrc directory in your /usr, and all the package source will
be stored under /usr/pkgsrc. To update pkgsrc after the
initial checkout, make sure you have CVS_RSH set as above, then do:
%cd /usr/pkgsrc%cvs -q update -dP
Please also note that it is possible to have multiple copies of the pkgsrc hierarchy in use at any one time - all work is done relatively within the pkgsrc tree.
Table of Contents
For operating systems other than NetBSD, we provide a bootstrap kit to build the required tools to use pkgsrc on your platform. Besides support for native NetBSD, pkgsrc and the bootstrap kit have support for the following operating systems:
-
Darwin (Mac OS X)
-
DragonFlyBSD
-
FreeBSD
-
Interix (Windows 2000, XP, 2003)
-
IRIX
-
Linux
-
OpenBSD
-
Solaris
-
Tru64 (Digital UNIX/OSF1)
Support for other platforms is under development.
Installing the bootstrap kit should be as simple as:
#env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc#cd pkgsrc/bootstrap#./bootstrap
See Chapter 2,
Where to get pkgsrc for other ways to get
pkgsrc before bootstrapping. The given
bootstrap
command will use the defaults of /usr/pkg for the prefix where programs will be
installed in, and /var/db/pkg for the package database
directory where pkgsrc will do its internal bookkeeping.
However, these can also be set using command-line
arguments.
Binary packages for the pkgsrc tools and an initial set of packages is available for supported platforms. An up-to-date list of these can be found on www.pkgsrc.org.
Note
The bootstrap installs a bmake tool. Use this bmake when building via pkgsrc. For examples in this guide, use bmake instead of “make”.
Here are some platform-specific notes you should be aware of.
Darwin 5.x and 6.x are supported. There are two methods of using pkgsrc on Mac OS X, by using a disk image, or a UFS partition.
Before you start, you will need to download and install the Mac OS X Developer Tools from Apple's Developer Connection. See http://developer.apple.com/macosx/ for details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X and the X11 SDK from http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/ if you intend to build packages that use the X11 Window System.
If you already have a UFS partition, or have a spare partition that you can format as UFS, it is recommended to use that instead of the disk image. It'll be somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot time, where you must manually mount a disk image.
Note
You cannot use a HFS+ file system for pkgsrc, because pkgsrc currently requires the file system to be case-sensitive, and HFS+ is not.
Create the disk image:
#cd pkgsrc/bootstrap#./ufsdiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 512# megabytes - season to taste#./ufsdiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD#sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD
That's it!
By default, /usr will be on your root file
system, normally HFS+. It is possible to use the
default prefix
of /usr/pkg by symlinking /usr/pkg to a directory on a UFS
file system. Obviously, another symlink is required
if you want to place the package database directory
outside the prefix. e.g.
#./bootstrap --pkgdbdir /usr/pkg/pkgdb --pkgsrcdir /Volumes/ufs/pkgsrc
If you created your partitions at the time of
installing Mac OS X and formatted the target
partition as UFS, it should automatically mount on
/Volumes/<volume name> when
the machine boots. If you are (re)formatting a
partition as UFS, you need to ensure that the
partition map correctly reflects “Apple_UFS” and not
“Apple_HFS”.
The problem is that none of the disk tools will let you touch a disk that is booted from. You can unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the partition type will be incorrect and the automounter won't mount it. It can be mounted manually, but it won't appear in Finder.
You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation (User) CD. When the Installation program starts, go up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now, you will be able to select the partition you want to be UFS, and Format it Apple UFS. Quit the Disk Utility, quit the installer which will reboot your machine. The new UFS file system will appear in Finder.
Be aware that the permissions on the new file system will be writable by root only.
This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to earlier versions. Hopefully Apple will fix Disk Utility in 10.3 (Panther).
FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are supported, other versions may work.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the FreeBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
-
FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g./usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script. -
If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#cd /usr/sbin#mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig#mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig#mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig#mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig -
An example
/etc/mk.conffile will be placed in/etc/mk.conf.examplefile when you use the bootstrap script.
Interix is a POSIX-compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/.
Services for Unix 3.5, current as of this writing, has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is lack of pthreads.)
At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:
-
Utilities -> Base Utilities
-
Interix GNU Components -> (all)
-
Remote Connectivity
-
Interix SDK
When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local, and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a binary package).
The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in order to have a working inetd.
During installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior for Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive. Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.)
NOTE: Newer Windows service packs change the way binary execution works (via the Data Execution Prevention feature). In order to use pkgsrc and other gcc-compiled binaries reliably, a hotfix containing POSIX.EXE, PSXDLL.DLL, PSXRUN.EXE, and PSXSS.EXE (899522 or newer) must be installed. Hotfixes are available from Microsoft through a support contract; however, a NetBSD developer has made most Interix hotfixes available for personal use from http://www.duh.org/interix/hotfixes.php.
If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with pkgsrc, note the following things.
-
To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or Remove, then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl.
-
To enable case-sensitivity for the file system, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel
Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot.
-
To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX
Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot.
The package manager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running "pkg_add") must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must also be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal pkgsrc requirement of "root".
The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will automatically complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories written in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable.
The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of binary package.
The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides adequate emulation in most cases:
interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi:
Though Interix suffices as a familiar and flexible substitute for a full Unix-like platform, it has some drawbacks that should be noted for those desiring to make the most of Interix.
-
X-Windows:
Interix comes with the standard set of X11R6 client libraries, and can run X-Windows based applications, but it does not come with an X server. Some options are StarNet X-Win32, Hummingbird Exceed, and the free X-Windows server included with Cygwin.
Also, StarNet Communications has graciously provided a free version of their X-Win32 product that accepts connections only from localhost: X-Win32 LX, recommended by the maintainer of Interix pkgsrc support.
-
X-Windows acceleration:
Because Interix runs in a completely different NT subsystem from Win32 applications, it does not currently support various X11 protocol extensions for acceleration (such as MIT-SHM or DGA). Most interactive applications to a local X server will run reasonably fast, but full motion video and other graphics intensive applications may require a faster-than-expected CPU.
-
Audio:
Interix has no native support for audio output. For audio support, pkgsrc uses the esound client/server audio system on Interix. Unlike on most platforms, the
audio/esoundpackage does not contain the esd server component. To output audio via an Interix host, theemulators/cygwin_esoundpackage must also be installed. -
CD/DVDs, USB, and SCSI:
Direct device access is not currently supported in Interix, so it is not currently possible to access CD/DVD drives, USB devices, or SCSI devices through non-filesystem means. Among other things, this makes it impossible to use Interix directly for CD/DVD burning.
-
Tape drives:
Due to the same limitations as for CD-ROMs and SCSI devices, tape drives are also not directly accessible in Interix. However, support is in work to make tape drive access possible by using Cygwin as a bridge (similarly to audio bridged via Cygwin's esound server).
It is not necessary, in general, to have a "root" user on the Windows system; any member of the local Administrators group will suffice. However, some packages currently assume that the user named "root" is the privileged user. To accommodate these, you may create such a user; make sure it is in the local group Administrators (or your language equivalent).
"pkg_add" creates directories of mode 0755, not 0775, in $PKG_DBDIR. For the time being, install packages as the local Administrator (or your language equivalent), or run the following command after installing a package to work around the issue:
#chmod -R g+w $PKG_DBDIR
You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or
SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro compiler (cc/c89). Please set
the CC environment
variable according to your preference. If you do not
have a license for the MIPSpro compiler suite, you can
download a gcc tardist file from http://freeware.sgi.com/.
Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or higher, as this is the earliest version of IRIX providing support for if_indextoname(3), if_nametoindex(3), etc.
At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI at a time. That is, you can not switch between the old 32-bit ABI, the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI. If you start out using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be built with.
Therefore, please make sure that you have no
conflicting CFLAGS in your
environment or the /etc/mk.conf. Particularly, make sure
that you do not try to link n32 object files with lib64
or vice versa. Check your /etc/compiler.defaults!
If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS
from a different host, please make sure to set
WRKOBJDIR to a local
directory, as it appears that IRIX linker occasionally
runs into issues when trying to link over a
network-mounted file system.
The bootstrapping process should set all the right
options for programs such as imake(1), but you may want
to set some options depending on your local setup.
Please see pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf and, of
course, your compiler's man pages for details.
If you are using SGI's MIPSPro compiler, please set
PKGSRC_COMPILER= mipspro
in /etc/mk.conf. Otherwise, pkgsrc will
assume you are using gcc and may end up passing invalid
flags to the compiler. Note that bootstrap should
create an appropriate mk.conf.example by default.
If you have both the MIPSPro compiler chain
installed as well as gcc, but want to make sure that
MIPRPro is used, please set your PATH to not include the location of
gcc (often /usr/freeware/bin), and (important)
pass the '--preserve-path' flag.
Some versions of Linux (for example Debian GNU/Linux) need either libtermcap or libcurses (libncurses). Installing the distributions libncurses-dev package (or equivalent) should fix the problem.
pkgsrc supports both gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) and icc (Intel C++ Compiler). gcc is the default. icc 8.0 and 8.1 on i386 have been tested.
To bootstrap using icc, assuming the default icc installation directory:
env CC=/opt/intel_cc_80/bin/icc LDFLAGS=-static-libcxa \
ac_cv___attribute__=yes ./bootstrap
Note
icc 8.1 needs the `-i-static' argument instead of -static-libcxa.
icc supports __attribute__, but the GNU configure test uses a nested function, which icc does not support. #undef'ing __attribute__ has the unfortunate side-effect of breaking many of the Linux header files, which cannot be compiled properly without __attribute__. The test must be overridden so that __attribute__ is assumed supported by the compiler.
After bootstrapping, you should set PKGSRC_COMPILER in /etc/mk.conf:
PKGSRC_COMPILER= icc
The default installation directory for icc is
/opt/intel_cc_80, which is also
the pkgsrc default. If you have installed it into a
different directory, set ICCBASE in /etc/mk.conf:
ICCBASE= /opt/icc
pkgsrc uses the static linking method of the runtime libraries provided by icc, so binaries can be run on other systems which do not have the shared libraries installed.
Libtool, however, extracts a list of libraries from the ld(1) command run when linking a C++ shared library and records it, throwing away the -Bstatic and -Bdynamic options interspersed between the libraries. This means that libtool-linked C++ shared libraries will have a runtime dependency on the icc libraries until this is fixed in libtool.
OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the OpenBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
-
OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g./usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script. -
If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#cd /usr/sbin#mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig#mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig#mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig#mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig -
An example
/etc/mk.conffile will be placed in/etc/mk.conf.examplefile when you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make program uses/etc/mk.confas well. You can work around this by enclosing all the pkgsrc-specific parts of the file with:.ifdef BSD_PKG_MK # pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert defaults/mk.conf or similar here .else # OpenBSD stuff .endif
Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and sparc. You will need a working C compiler. Both gcc 2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested.
The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for the bootstrap process and to build packages.
-
SUNWsprot
-
SUNWarc
-
SUNWbtool
-
SUNWtoo
-
SUNWlibm
Please note the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is not supported.
It makes life much simpler if you only use the same gcc consistently for building all packages.
It is recommended that an external gcc be used
only for bootstrapping, then either build gcc from
lang/gcc or install a binary
gcc package, then remove gcc used during
bootstrapping.
Binary packages of gcc can be found through http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/freewareSearch.html.
You will need at least the following packages installed (from WorkShop 5.0)
-
SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0
-
SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0
-
SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental Linker
-
SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common components
You should set CC,
CXX and optionally,
CPP in /etc/mk.conf, e.g.:
CC= cc
CXX= CC
CPP= /usr/ccs/lib/cpp
You may also want to build 64-bit binaries, e.g.:
CFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9
Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the
compiler tools and your $prefix are in your
PATH. This includes
/usr/ccs/{bin,lib} and e.g.
/usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}.
Table of Contents
This section describes how to find, retrieve and install a precompiled binary package that someone else already prepared for your type of machine.
Precompiled packages are stored on ftp.NetBSD.org
and its mirrors in the directory /pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/
for anonymous FTP access. OSVERSION is the NetBSD version
(uname
-r), ARCH
is the architecture (uname -p). In that directory,
there is a subdirectory for each category plus a
subdirectory All which includes the actual
binaries in .tgz files. The category
subdirectories use symbolic links to those files (this
is the same directory layout as in /usr/pkgsrc/packages).
This same directory layout applies for CD-ROM
distributions, only that the directory may be rooted
somewhere else, probably somewhere below /cdrom. Please consult your CD-ROMs
documentation for the exact location.
If you have the files on a CD-ROM or downloaded them to your hard disk, you can install them with the following command (be sure to su to root first):
#pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz
If you have FTP access and you don't want to download the packages via FTP prior to installation, you can do this automatically by giving pkg_add an FTP URL:
#pkg_add ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All/package.tgz
Note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in question will be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install from.
To save some typing, you can set the PKG_PATH environment variable to a
semicolon-separated list of paths (including remote
URLs); trailing slashes are not allowed.
Additionally to the All directory there exists a
vulnerable directory to which
binary packages with known vulnerabilities are moved,
since removing them could cause missing dependencies.
To use these packages, add the vulnerable directory to your
PKG_PATH. However, you
should run security/audit-packages
regularly, especially after installing new packages,
and verify that the vulnerabilities are acceptable for
your configuration. An example PKG_PATH would be: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All;ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/vulnerable
Please note that semicolon (';') is a shell
meta-character, so you'll probably have to quote
it.
After you've installed packages, be sure to have
/usr/pkg/bin and /usr/pkg/sbin in your PATH so you can actually start the
just installed program.
Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in the pkg_add(1) manual page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you did not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto your system by indiscriminate adding of such files.
This assumes that the package is already in pkgsrc. If it is not, see Part II, “The pkgsrc developer's guide” for instructions how to create your own packages.
To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the “comp” and the “text” distribution sets must be installed. If you want to build X11-related packages the “xbase” and “xcomp” distribution sets are required, too.
The first step for building a package is downloading the distfiles (i.e. the unmodified source). If they have not yet been downloaded, pkgsrc will fetch them automatically.
You can overwrite some of the major distribution
sites to fit to sites that are close to your own. Have
a look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to find
some examples — in particular, look for the
MASTER_SORT, MASTER_SORT_REGEX and INET_COUNTRY definitions. This may
save some of your bandwidth and time.
You can change these settings either in your shell's
environment, or, if you want to keep the settings, by
editing the /etc/mk.conf file, and adding the
definitions there.
If you don't have a permanent Internet connection
and you want to know which files to download,
make
fetch-list will tell you what you'll
need. Put these distfiles into /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.
Assuming that the distfile has been fetched (see previous section), become root and change into the relevant directory and run make.
Note
If using bootstrap or pkgsrc on a non-NetBSD system, use the pkgsrc bmake command instead of “make” in the examples in this guide.
For example, type
%cd misc/figlet%make
at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package, and
#make install
to install the various components into the correct places on your system. Installing the package on your system requires you to be root. However, pkgsrc has a just-in-time-su feature, which allows you to only become root for the actual installation step
Taking the figlet utility as an example, we can install it on our system by building as shown in Appendix B, Build logs.
The program is installed under the default root of
the packages tree - /usr/pkg. Should this not conform to
your tastes, set the LOCALBASE variable in your
environment, and it will use that value as the root of
your packages tree. So, to use /usr/local, set LOCALBASE=/usr/local in your
environment. Please note that you should use a
directory which is dedicated to packages and not shared
with other programs (i.e., do not try and use
LOCALBASE=/usr). Also, you
should not try to add any of your own files or
directories (such as src/, obj/, or pkgsrc/) below the LOCALBASE tree. This is to prevent
possible conflicts between programs and other files
installed by the package system and whatever else may
have been installed there.
Some packages look in /etc/mk.conf to alter some
configuration options at build time. Have a look at
pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to
get an overview of what will be set there by default.
Environment variables such as LOCALBASE can be set in /etc/mk.conf to save having to
remember to set them each time you want to use
pkgsrc.
Occasionally, people want to “look under the covers” to see what is going on when a package is building or being installed. This may be for debugging purposes, or out of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have been added to help with this.
-
If you invoke the make(1) command with
PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2, then a huge amount of information will be displayed. For example,make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2will show all the commands that are invoked, up to and including the “patch” stage.
-
If you want to know the value of a certain make(1) definition, then the
VARNAMEdefinition should be used, in conjunction with the show-var target. e.g. to show the expansion of the make(1) variableLOCALBASE:%make show-var VARNAME=LOCALBASE/usr/pkg%
If you want to install a binary package that you've
either created yourself (see next section), that you
put into pkgsrc/packages manually or that is located on
a remote FTP server, you can use the "bin-install"
target. This target will install a binary package - if
available - via
pkg_add(1), else do a
make
package. The list of remote FTP sites
searched is kept in the variable BINPKG_SITES, which defaults to
ftp.NetBSD.org. Any flags that should be added to
pkg_add(1) can be put
into BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS.
See pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf for more
details.
A final word of warning: If you set up a system that
has a non-standard setting for LOCALBASE, be sure to set that before
any packages are installed, as you can not use several
directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result
in pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your
installed packages, and fail miserably. Note also that
precompiled binary packages are usually built with the
default LOCALBASE of
/usr/pkg, and that you should
not install any
if you use a non-standard LOCALBASE.
By default, pkgsrc will use GCC to build packages. This may be overridden by setting the following variables in /etc/mk.conf:
PKGSRC_COMPILER:-
This is a list of values specifying the chain of compilers to invoke when building packages. Valid values are:
-
distcc: distributed C/C++ (chainable) -
ccache: compiler cache (chainable) -
gcc: GNU C/C++ Compiler -
mipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (n32/n64) -
mipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (o32) -
sunpro: Microsystems, Inc. WorkShip/Forte/Sun ONE Studio
The default is “
gcc”. You can useccacheand/ordistccwith an appropriatePKGSRC_COMPILERsetting, e.g. “ccache gcc”. This variable should always be terminated with a value for a real compiler. -
GCC_REQD:-
This specifies the minimum version of GCC to use when building packages. If the system GCC doesn't satisfy this requirement, then pkgsrc will build and install one of the GCC packages to use instead.
Table of Contents
In this section, you can find some variables that
apply to all pkgsrc packages. The preferred method of
setting these variables is by setting them in
/etc/mk.conf.
-
LOCALBASE: Where packages will be installed. The default is/usr/pkg. Do not mix binary packages with differentLOCALBASEs! -
CROSSBASE: Where “cross” category packages will be installed. The default is${LOCALBASE}/cross. -
X11BASE: Where X11 is installed on the system. The default is/usr/X11R6. -
DISTDIR: Where to store the downloaded copies of the original source distributions used for building pkgsrc packages. The default is${PKGSRCDIR}/distfiles. -
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE: If set, override the packages'MASTER_SITESwith this value. -
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP: Backup location(s) for distribution files and patch files if not found locally or in${MASTER_SITES}or${PATCH_SITES}respectively. The defaults areftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/andftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/. -
BINPKG_SITES: List of sites carrying binary pkgs.
XXX
-
PACKAGES: The top level directory for the binary packages. The default is${PKGSRCDIR}/packages. -
WRKOBJDIR: The top level directory where, if defined, the separate working directories will get created, and symbolically linked to from${WRKDIR}(see below). This is useful for building packages on several architectures, then${PKGSRCDIR}can be NFS-mounted while${WRKOBJDIR}is local to every architecture. (It should be noted thatPKGSRCDIRshould not be set by the user — it is an internal definition which refers to the root of the pkgsrc tree. It is possible to have many pkgsrc tree instances.) -
LOCALPATCHES: Directory for local patches that aren't part of pkgsrc. See Section 8.3, “patches/*” for more information.relandarchare replaced with OS release (“2.0”, etc.) and architecture (“mipsel”, etc.). -
PKGMAKECONF: Location of themk.conffile used by a package's BSD-style Makefile. If this is not set,MAKECONFis set to/dev/nullto avoid picking up settings used by builds in/usr/src.
XXX
-
PKG_DEVELOPER: Run some sanity checks that package developers want:-
make sure patches apply with zero fuzz
-
run check-shlibs to see that all binaries will find their shared libs.
-
-
PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL: The level of debugging output which is displayed whilst making and installing the package. The default value for this is 0, which will not display the commands as they are executed (normal, default, quiet operation); the value 1 will display all shell commands before their invocation, and the value 2 will display both the shell commands before their invocation, and their actual execution progress with set -x will be displayed.
Some packages have build time options, usually to select between different dependencies, enable optional support for big dependencies or enable experimental features.
To see which options, if any, a package supports, and which options are mutually exclusive, run make show-options, for example:
The following options are supported by this package:
ssl Enable SSL support.
Exactly one of the following gecko options is required:
firefox Use firefox as gecko rendering engine.
mozilla Use mozilla as gecko rendering engine.
At most one of the following database options may be selected:
mysql Enable support for MySQL database.
pgsql Enable support for PostgreSQL database.
These options are enabled by default: firefox
These options are currently enabled: mozilla ssl
The following variables can be defined in /etc/mk.conf to select which options to
enable for a package: PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, which can be used
to select or disable options for all packages that
support them, and PKG_OPTIONS., which can
be used to select or disable options specifically for
package pkgbasepkgbase. Options listed
in these variables are selected, options preceded by
“-” are
disabled.
The following settings are consulted in the order given, and the last setting that selects or disables an option is used:
-
the default options as suggested by the package maintainer
-
the options implied by the settings of legacy variables (see below)
-
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS -
PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase
For groups of mutually exclusive options, the last option selected is used, all others are automatically disabled. If an option of the group is explicitly disabled, the previously selected option, if any, is used. It is an error if no option from a required group of options is selected, and building the package will fail.
Before the options framework was introduced, build
options were selected by setting a variable in
/etc/mk.conf for each option. To
ease transition to the options framework for the user,
these legacy variables are converted to the appropriate
options setting automatically. A warning is issued to
prompt the user to update /etc/mk.conf to use the options
framework directly. Support for these legacy variables
will be removed eventually.
Table of Contents
Once you have built and installed a package, you can create a binary package which can be installed on another system with pkg_add(1). This saves having to build the same package on a group of hosts and wasting CPU time. It also provides a simple means for others to install your package, should you distribute it.
To create a binary package, change into the appropriate directory in pkgsrc, and run make package:
#cd misc/figlet#make package
This will build and install your package (if not
already done), and then build a binary package from what
was installed. You can then use the pkg_* tools to manipulate it.
Binary packages are created by default in /usr/pkgsrc/packages, in the form of a
gzipped tar file. See Section B.2,
“Packaging figlet” for a continuation of
the above misc/figlet example.
See Chapter 17, Submitting and Committing for information on how to submit such a binary package.
If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary packages, this section describes how to get them. Beware that the bulk build will remove all currently installed packages from your system! Having an FTP server configured either on the machine doing the bulk builds or on a nearby NFS server can help to make the packages available to everyone. See ftpd(8) for more information. If you use a remote NFS server's storage, be sure to not actually compile on NFS storage, as this slows things down a lot.
You may want to set variables in /etc/mk.conf. Look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf for
details of the default settings. You will want to
ensure that ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES meet your local
policy. As used in this example, _ACCEPTABLE=yes accepts all licenses.
PACKAGES?= ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH}
WRKOBJDIR?= /usr/tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc
BSDSRCDIR= /usr/src
BSDXSRCDIR= /usr/xsrc # for x11/xservers
OBJHOSTNAME?= yes # use work.`hostname`
FAILOVER_FETCH= yes # insist on the correct checksum
PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes
_ACCEPTABLE= yes
In pkgsrc/mk/bulk, copy build.conf-example to build.conf and edit it, following
the comments in that file. This is the config file
that determines where log files are generated after
the build, where to mail the build report to, where
your pkgsrc tree is located and the user to which
user to
su(8) to do a
cvs
update.
It is possible to configure the bulk build to
perform certain site-specific tasks at the end of the
pre-build stage. If the file pre-build.local exists in
/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bulk, it will be
executed (as a
sh(1) script) at
the end of the usual pre-build stage. An example use
of pre-build.local is to have the
line:
#echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \ > pkgsrc/misc/openoffice/$BROKENF
to prevent the system from trying to build a particular package which requires nearly 3 GB of disk space.
As /usr/pkg will be completely deleted
at the start of bulk builds, make sure your login shell
is placed somewhere else. Either drop it into
/usr/local/bin (and adjust your
login shell in the passwd file), or (re-)install it via
pkg_add(1) from
/etc/rc.local, so you can login
after a reboot (remember that your current process
won't die if the package is removed, you just can't
start any new instances of the shell any more). Also,
if you use NetBSD earlier than 1.5, or you still want
to use the pkgsrc version of ssh for some reason, be
sure to install ssh before starting it from
rc.local:
( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install )
if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then
/usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd
fi
Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh after the bulk build is finished or if the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been warned! :)
Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed.
Warning
During the bulk build, all packages will be removed!
Be sure to remove all other things that might
interfere with builds, like some libs installed in
/usr/local, etc. then become
root and type:
#cd /usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/build
If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure, system panic, ...), you can continue it by running:
#sh mk/bulk/build restart
At the end of the bulk build, you will get a summary
via mail, and find build logs in the directory
specified by FTP in the
build.conf file.
The bulk builds consist of three steps:
- 1. pre-build
-
The script updates your pkgsrc tree via (anon)cvs, then cleans out any broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed.
- 2. the bulk build
-
This is basically “make bulk-package” with an optimised order in which packages will be built. Packages that don't require other packages will be built first, and packages with many dependencies will be built later.
- 3. post-build
-
Generates a report that's placed in the directory specified in the
build.conffile namedbroken.html, a short version of that report will also be mailed to the build's admin.
During the build, a list of broken packages will be
compiled in /usr/pkgsrc/.broken (or .../.broken.${MACHINE} if
OBJMACHINE is set),
individual build logs of broken builds can be found in
the package's directory. These files are used by the
bulk-targets to mark broken builds to not waste time
trying to rebuild them, and they can be used to debug
these broken package builds later.
Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for NetBSD 2.0/i386:
-
10 GB - distfiles (NFS ok)
-
8 GB - full set of all binaries (NFS ok)
-
5 GB - temp space for compiling (local disk recommended)
Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as they are turned into a binary package, and that sources are removed, so there is no excessively huge demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will be installed via pkg_add(1) instead of building again, so there are no cycles wasted by recompiling.
If you don't want all the packages nuked from a machine (rendering it useless for anything but pkg compiling), there is the possibility of doing the package bulk build inside a chroot environment.
The first step is to set up a chroot sandbox, e.g.
/usr/sandbox. This can be done
by using null mounts, or manually.
There is a shell script called pkgsrc/mk/bulk/mksandbox which will
set up the sandbox environment using null mounts. It
will also create a script called sandbox in the root of the sandbox
environment, which will allow the null mounts to be
activated using the sandbox mount command and
deactivated using the sandbox umount command.
To set up a sandbox environment by hand, after
extracting all the sets from a NetBSD installation or
doing a make distribution
DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox in /usr/src/etc, be sure the following
items are present and properly configured:
-
Kernel
#cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox -
/dev/*#cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all -
/etc/resolv.conf(forsecurity/smtpdand mail):#cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc -
Working(!) mail config (hostname, sendmail.cf):
#cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail -
/etc/localtime(forsecurity/smtpd):#ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime -
/usr/src(system sources, forsysutils/aperture,net/ppp-mppe):#ln -s ../disk1/cvs .#ln -s cvs/src-2.0 src -
Create
/var/db/pkg(not part of default install):#mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg -
Create
/usr/pkg(not part of default install):#mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg -
Checkout pkgsrc via cvs into
/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc:#cd /usr/sandbox/usr#cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -d -P pkgsrcDo not mount/link this to the copy of your pkgsrc tree you do development in, as this will likely cause problems!
-
Make
/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packagesand.../distfilespoint somewhere appropriate. NFS- and/or nullfs-mounts may come in handy! -
Edit
/etc/mk.conf, see Section 6.3.1.1, “/etc/mk.conf”. -
Adjust
mk/bulk/build.confto suit your needs. -
If you have set
CVS_USERinbuild.conf, make sure that account exists and can do a cvs ${CVS_FLAGS} update properly!
When the chroot sandbox is set up, you can start the build with the following steps:
#cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build
This will just jump inside the sandbox and start
building. At the end of the build, mail will be sent
with the results of the build. Created binary pkgs will
be in /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages
(wherever that points/mounts to/from).
In addition to building a complete set of all
packages in pkgsrc, the pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build script may be
used to build a subset of the packages contained in
pkgsrc. By setting SPECIFIC_PKGS in /etc/mk.conf, the variables
-
SITE_SPECIFIC_PKGS
-
HOST_SPECIFIC_PKGS
-
GROUP_SPECIFIC_PKGS
-
USER_SPECIFIC_PKGS
will define the set of packages which should be built. The bulk build code will also include any packages which are needed as dependencies for the explicitly listed packages.
One use of this is to do a bulk build with
SPECIFIC_PKGS in a chroot
sandbox periodically to have a complete set of the
binary packages needed for your site available without
the overhead of building extra packages that are not
needed.
This section describes how pkgsrc developers can upload binary pkgs built by bulk builds to ftp.NetBSD.org.
If you would like to automatically create checksum
files for the binary packages you intend to upload,
remember to set MKSUMS=yes
in your mk/bulk/build.conf.
If you would like to PGP sign the checksum files
(highly recommended!), remember to set SIGN_AS=username@NetBSD.org in your
mk/bulk/build.conf. This will
prompt you for your GPG password to sign the files
before uploading everything.
Then, make sure that you have RSYNC_DST set properly in your
mk/bulk/build.conf file, i.e.
adjust it to something like one of the following:
RSYNC_DST=$CVS_USER@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please use appropriate values for "pkgsrc-200xQy",
"NetBSD-a.b.c" and "arch" here. If your login on
ftp.NetBSD.org is different from CVS_USER, write your login directly
into the variable, e.g. my local account is "feyrer",
but for my login "hubertf", I use:
RSYNC_DST=hubertf@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
A separate upload directory is used here to
allow "closing" the directory during upload. To do so,
run the following command on ftp.NetBSD.org next:
nbftp% mkdir -p -m 750 /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please note that /pub/NetBSD/packages is only
appropriate for packages for the NetBSD operating
system. Binary packages for other operating systems
should go into /pub/pkgsrc.
Before uploading the binary pkgs, ssh authentication needs to be set up. This example shows how to set up temporary keys for the root account inside the sandbox (assuming that no keys should be present there usually):
#chroot /usr/sandboxchroot-#rm $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa*chroot-#ssh-keygen -t dsachroot-#cat $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa.pub
Now take the output of id-dsa.pub and append it to your
~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on
ftp.NetBSD.org. You can remove the key after the upload
is done!
Next, test if your ssh connection really works:
chroot-#ssh ftp.NetBSD.org date
Use "-l yourNetBSDlogin" here as appropriate!
Now after all this works, you can exit the sandbox and start the upload:
chroot-#exit#cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-upload
The upload process may take quite some time. Use
ls(1) or
du(1) on the FTP
server to monitor progress of the upload. The upload
script will take care of not uploading restricted
packages and putting vulnerable packages into the
vulnerable subdirectory.
After the upload has ended, first thing is to revoke ssh access:
nbftp% vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Gdd:x!
Use whatever is needed to remove the key you've
entered before! Last, move the uploaded packages out of
the upload directory to have them
accessible to everyone:
nbftp%cd /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/archnbftp%mv upload/* .nbftp%rmdir uploadnbftp%chmod 755 .
After your pkgsrc bulk-build has completed, you may
wish to create a CD-ROM set of the resulting binary
packages to assist in installing packages on other
machines. The pkgtools/cdpack package provides a
simple tool for creating the ISO 9660 images.
cdpack
arranges the packages on the CD-ROMs in a way that keeps
all the dependencies for a given package on the same CD
as that package.
Complete documentation for cdpack is found in the
cdpack(1) man page. The following short example assumes
that the binary packages are left in /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All and that
sufficient disk space exists in /u2 to hold the ISO 9660 images.
#mkdir /u2/images#pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack#cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
If you wish to include a common set of files
(COPYRIGHT, README, etc.) on each CD in the
collection, then you need to create a directory which
contains these files. e.g.
#mkdir /tmp/common#echo "This is a README" > /tmp/common/README#echo "Another file" > /tmp/common/COPYING#mkdir /tmp/common/bin#echo "#!/bin/sh" > /tmp/common/bin/myscript#echo "echo Hello world" >> /tmp/common/bin/myscript#chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript
Now create the images:
#cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
Each image will contain README, COPYING, and bin/myscript in their root
directories.
Table of Contents
- 7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
- 7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
- 7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 7.11. What does “Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc” mean?
- 7.12. What does “Could not find bsd.own.mk” mean?
- 7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 7.15. Automated security checks
This section contains hints, tips & tricks on special things in pkgsrc that we didn't find a better place for in the previous chapters, and it contains items for both pkgsrc users and developers.
The following mailing lists may be of interest to pkgsrc users:
-
pkgsrc-bugs: A list where problem reports related to pkgsrc are sent and discussed.
-
pkgsrc-bulk: A list where the results of pkgsrc bulk builds are sent and discussed.
-
pkgsrc-changes: A list where all commit messages to pkgsrc are sent.
-
tech-pkg: A general discussion list for all things related to pkgsrc.
To subscribe, do:
%echo subscribelistname| mail majordomo@NetBSD.org
Archives for all these mailing lists are available from http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/.
Pkgviews is tightly integrated with buildlink. You can
find a pkgviews User's guide in pkgsrc/mk/buildlink3/PKGVIEWS_UG.
The pkgsrc/pkgtools directory pkgtools
contains a number of useful utilities for both users and
developers of pkgsrc. This section attempts only to make
the reader aware of the utilities and when they might be
useful, and not to duplicate the documentation that comes
with each package.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (automatically installed when needed):
-
pkgtools/x11-links: Symlinks for use by buildlink.
OS tool augmentation (automatically installed when needed):
-
pkgtools/digest: Calculates various kinds of checksums (including SHA1). -
pkgtools/libnbcompat: Compatibility library for pkgsrc tools. -
pkgtools/mtree: Installed on non-BSD systems due to lack of native mtree. -
pkgtools/pkg_install: Up-to-date replacement for/usr/sbin/pkg_install, or for use on operating systems where pkg_install is not present.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (not automatically installed):
-
pkgtools/pkg_tarup: Create a binary package from an already-installed package. Used by make replace to save the old package. -
pkgtools/dfdisk: Adds extra functionality to pkgsrc, allowing it to fetch distfiles from multiple locations. It currently supports the following methods: multiple CD-ROMs and network FTP/HTTP connections. -
pkgtools/xpkgwedge: Put X11 packages someplace else (enabled by default). -
devel/cpuflags: Determine the best compiler flags to optimise code for your current CPU and compiler.
Utilities for keeping track of installed packages, being up to date, etc:
-
pkgtools/pkg_chk: Reports on packages whose installed versions do not match the latest pkgsrc entries. -
pkgtools/pkgdep: Makes dependency graphs of packages, to aid in choosing a strategy for updating. -
pkgtools/pkgdepgraph: Makes graphs from the output ofpkgtools/pkgdep(uses graphviz). -
pkgtools/pkglint: The pkglint(1) program checks a pkgsrc entry for errors, lintpkgsrc(1) does various checks on the complete pkgsrc system. -
pkgtools/pkgsurvey: Report what packages you have installed.
Utilities for people maintaining or creating individual packages:
-
pkgtools/pkgdiff: Automate making and maintaining patches for a package (includes pkgdiff, pkgvi, mkpatches, etc.). -
pkgtools/rpm2pkg,pkgtools/url2pkg: Aids in converting to pkgsrc. -
pkgtools/gensolpkg: Convert pkgsrc to a Solaris package.
Utilities for people maintaining pkgsrc (or: more obscure pkg utilities)
-
pkgtools/pkg_comp: Build packages in a chrooted area. -
pkgtools/libkver: Spoof kernel version for chrooted cross builds.
If you want to use pkgsrc as non-root user, you can
set some variables to make pkgsrc work under these
conditions. At the very least, you need to set
UNPRIVILEGED to
“yes”; this will
turn on unprivileged mode and set multiple related
variables to allow installation of packages as
non-root.
In case the defaults are not enough, you may want to
tune some other variables used. For example, if the
automatic user/group detection leads to incorrect values
(or not the ones you would like to use), you can change
them by setting UNPRIVILEGED_USER and UNPRIVILEGED_GROUP respectively.
As regards bootstrapping, please note that the
bootstrap
script will ease non-root configuration when given the
“--ignore-user-check” flag, as it
will choose and use multiple default directories under
~/pkg as the installation
targets. These directories can be overriden by the
“--prefix” flag
provided by the script, as well as some others that allow
finer tuning of the tree layout.
By default, resuming transfers in pkgsrc is disabled,
but you can enable this feature by adding the option
PKG_RESUME_TRANSFERS=YES
into /etc/mk.conf. If, during a fetch step,
an incomplete distfile is found, pkgsrc will try to
resume it.
You can also use a different program than the default
ftp(1) by changing the
FETCH_CMD variable. Don't
forget to set FETCH_RESUME_ARGS and FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS if you are not using
default values.
For example, if you want to use wget to resume downloads, you'll have
to use something like:
FETCH_CMD= wget
FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= --passive-ftp
FETCH_RESUME_ARGS= -c
FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS= -O
If you want to use XFree86 from pkgsrc instead of your
system's own X11 (/usr/X11R6, /usr/openwin, ...), you will have to
add the following line into /etc/mk.conf:
X11_TYPE=XFree86
If you want to use X.org from pkgsrc instead of your
system's own X11 (/usr/X11R6, /usr/openwin, ...) you will have to add
the following line into /etc/mk.conf:
X11_TYPE=xorg
If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections to Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL, e.g. in Amdahl, the machine “orpheus.amdahl.com” is one of the firewalls, and it uses port 80 as the proxy port number. So the proxy environment variables are:
ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
This depends on which utility is used to retrieve
distfiles. From bsd.pkg.mk, FETCH_CMD is assigned the first
available command from the following list:
-
${LOCALBASE}/bin/ftp -
/usr/bin/ftp
On a default NetBSD installation, this will be
/usr/bin/ftp, which automatically
tries passive connections first, and falls back to active
connections if the server refuses to do passive. For the
other tools, add the following to your /etc/mk.conf file: PASSIVE_FETCH=1.
Having that option present will prevent /usr/bin/ftp from falling back to
active transfers.
You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or university, where you can't run a make fetch. There is an archive of distfiles on ftp.NetBSD.org, but downloading the entire directory may not be appropriate.
The answer here is to do a make fetch-list in /usr/pkgsrc or one of its
subdirectories, carry the resulting list to your machine
at work/school and use it there. If you don't have a
NetBSD-compatible
ftp(1) (like lukemftp)
at work, don't forget to set FETCH_CMD to something that fetches a
URL:
At home:
%cd /usr/pkgsrc%make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh%scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp
At work:
%sh /tmp/fetch.sh
then tar up /tmp/distfiles and take it home.
If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get all distfiles (even ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by using the above-mentioned make fetch-list approach, or fetch the distfiles directly by running:
%make mirror-distfiles
If you even decide to ignore NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}, then you
can get everything by running:
%make fetch NO_SKIP=yes
When compiling the pkgtools/pkg_install package, you
get the error from make that it doesn't know how to make
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc? This
indicates that you don't have installed the
“text” set (nroff,
...) from the NetBSD base distribution on your machine.
It is recommended to do that to format man pages.
In the case of the pkgtools/pkg_install package, you
can get away with setting NOMAN=YES either in the environment or
in /etc/mk.conf.
You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz, when you installed your
NetBSD machine. Please get and install it, by extracting
it in /:
#cd /#tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz
comp.tgz is part of every NetBSD
release. Get the one that corresponds to your release
(determine via uname
-r).
When installing packages as non-root user and using
the just-in-time
su(1) feature of
pkgsrc, it can become annoying to type in the root
password for each required package installed. To avoid
this, the sudo package can be used, which does password
caching over a limited time. To use it, install sudo
(either as binary package or from security/sudo) and then put the
following into your /etc/mk.conf:
.if exists(${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo)
SU_CMD= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c
.endif
As the system administrator, you can choose where
configuration files are installed. The default settings
make all these files go into ${PREFIX}/etc or some of its
subdirectories; this may be suboptimal depending on your
expectations (e.g., a read-only, NFS-exported
PREFIX with a need of
per-machine configuration of the provided packages).
In order to change the defaults, you can modify the
PKG_SYSCONFBASE variable (in
/etc/mk.conf) to point to your
preferred configuration directory; some common examples
include /etc or /etc/pkg.
Furthermore, you can change this value on a
per-package basis by setting the PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}
variable. PKG_SYSCONFVAR's
value usually matches the name of the package you would
like to modify, that is, the contents of PKGBASE.
Note that after changing these settings, you must rebuild and reinstall any affected packages.
Please be aware that there can often be bugs in
third-party software, and some of these bugs can leave a
machine vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. In an
effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team
maintains a database of known-exploits to packages which
have at one time been included in pkgsrc. The database
can be downloaded automatically, and a security audit of
all packages installed on a system can take place. To do
this, install the security/audit-packages package. It
has two components:
-
download-vulnerability-list, an easy way to download a list of the security vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up to date by the NetBSD security officer and the NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the NetBSD ftp server:
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities
-
audit-packages, an easy way to audit the current machine, checking each vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable package is installed, it will be shown by output to stdout, including a description of the type of vulnerability, and a URL containing more information.
Use of the security/audit-packages package is
strongly recommended! After “audit-packages” is installed, please
read the package's message, which you can get by running
pkg_info -D
audit-package.
Table of Contents
- 8. Package components - files, directories and contents
- 9.
Programming in
Makefiles - 10. PLIST issues
- 11. Buildlink methodology
- 12. The pkginstall framework
- 13. Options handling
- 14. The build process
-
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Program location
- 14.3. Directories used during the build process
- 14.4. Running a phase
- 14.5. The fetch phase
- 14.6. The checksum phase
- 14.7. The extract phase
- 14.8. The patch phase
- 14.9. The tools phase
- 14.10. The wrapper phase
- 14.11. The configure phase
- 14.12. The build phase
- 14.13. The test phase
- 14.14. The install phase
- 14.15. The package phase
- 14.16. Other helpful targets
- 15. Making your package work
-
- 15.1. General operation
-
- 15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
- 15.1.2. Where to install documentation
- 15.1.3. Restricted packages
- 15.1.4. Handling dependencies
- 15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
- 15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
- 15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 15.1.11. Portability of packages
- 15.2. Possible downloading issues
- 15.3. Configuration gotchas
- 15.4. Building the package
- 15.5. Package specific actions
-
- 15.5.1. User interaction
- 15.5.2. Handling licenses
- 15.5.3. Installing score files
- 15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
- 15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 15.5.7. Packages installing info files
- 15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
- 15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 15.5.14. Packages using intltool
- 15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts
- 15.6. Feedback to the author
- 16. Debugging
- 17. Submitting and Committing
Table of Contents
Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number of files involved which are described in the following sections.
Building, installation and creation of a binary
package are all controlled by the package's Makefile. The Makefile describes various things about
a package, for example from where to get it, how to
configure, build, and install it.
A package Makefile contains several sections that
describe the package.
In the first section there are the following variables, which should appear exactly in the order given here.
-
DISTNAMEis the basename of the distribution file to be downloaded from the package's website. -
PKGNAMEis the name of the package, as used by pkgsrc. You only need to provide it if it differs fromDISTNAME. Usually it is the directory name together with the version number. It must match the regular expression^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9-_.+]*$, that is, it starts with a letter or digit, and contains only letters, digits, dashes, underscores, dots and plus signs. -
CATEGORIESis a list of categories which the package fits in. You can choose any of the top-level directories of pkgsrc for it.Currently the following values are available for
CATEGORIES. If more than one is used, they need to be separated by spaces:archivers cross geography meta-pkgs security audio databases graphics misc shells benchmarks devel ham multimedia sysutils biology editors inputmethod net textproc cad emulators lang news time chat finance mail parallel wm comms fonts math pkgtools www converters games mbone print x11 -
MASTER_SITESis a list of URLs where the distribution files can be downloaded. Each URL must end with a slash.The
MASTER_SITESmay make use of the following predefined sites:${MASTER_SITE_APACHE} ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} ${MASTER_SITE_CYGWIN} ${MASTER_SITE_DEBIAN} ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD} ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD_LOCAL} ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME} ${MASTER_SITE_GNU} ${MASTER_SITE_GNUSTEP} ${MASTER_SITE_IFARCHIVE} ${MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA} ${MASTER_SITE_OPENOFFICE} ${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN} ${MASTER_SITE_R_CRAN} ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE} ${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE} ${MASTER_SITE_SUSE} ${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN} ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB} ${MASTER_SITE_XEMACS}If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may want to specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to more than one actual site, you must use the following construct to specify a subdirectory:
${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/} ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=project_name/}Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.
If the package has multiple
DISTFILESor multiplePATCHFILESfrom different sites, setSITES_footo a list of URIs where file “foo” may be found. “foo” includes the suffix, e.g.:DISTFILES= ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} DISTFILES+= foo-file.tar.gz SITES_foo-file.tar.gz=http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \ http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/ -
DISTFILES: Name(s) of archive file(s) containing distribution. The default is${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}. Should only be set if you have more than one distfile.Note that the normal default setting of
DISTFILESmust be made explicit if you want to add to it (rather than replace it), as you usually would. -
EXTRACT_SUFX: Suffix of the distribution file, will be appended toDISTNAME. Defaults to.tar.gz.
The second section contains information about separately downloaded patches, if any.
-
PATCHFILES:Name(s) of additional files that contain distribution patches. There is no default. pkgsrc will look for them atPATCH_SITES. They will automatically be uncompressed before patching if the names end with.gzor.Z. -
PATCH_SITES: Primary location(s) for distribution patch files (seePATCHFILESbelow) if not found locally.
The third section contains the following variables.
-
MAINTAINERis the email address of the person who feels responsible for this package, and who is most likely to look at problems or questions regarding this package which have been reported with send-pr(1). Other developers should contact theMAINTAINERbefore making major changes to the package. When packaging a new program, setMAINTAINERto yourself. If you really can't maintain the package for future updates, set it to<tech-pkg@NetBSD.org>. -
HOMEPAGEis a URL where users can find more information about the package. -
COMMENTis a one-line description of the package (should not include the package name).
Other variables that affect the build:
-
WRKSRC: The directory where the interesting distribution files of the package are found. The default is${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}, which works for most packages.If a package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself (most GNU software does, for instance), but extracts itself in the current directory, you should set
WRKSRC= ${WRKDIR}.If a package doesn't create a subdirectory with the name of
DISTNAMEbut some different name, setWRKSRCto point to the proper name in${WRKDIR}, for exampleWRKSRC= ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix. Seelang/tclandx11/tkfor other examples.The name of the working directory created by pkgsrc is taken from the
WRKDIR_BASENAMEvariable. By default, its value iswork. If you want to use the same pkgsrc tree for building different kinds of binary packages, you can change the variable according to your needs. Two other variables handle common cases of settingWRKDIR_BASENAMEindividually. IfOBJHOSTNAMEis defined in/etc/mk.conf, the first component of the host's name is attached to the directory name. IfOBJMACHINEis defined, the platform name is attached, which might look likework.i386orwork.sparc.
Please pay attention to the following gotchas:
-
Add
MANCOMPRESSEDif man pages are installed in compressed form by the package; see comment inbsd.pkg.mk. -
Replace
/usr/localwith “${PREFIX}” in all files (see patches, below). -
If the package installs any info files, see Section 15.5.7, “Packages installing info files”.
The distinfo file contains the message
digest, or checksum, of each distfile needed for the
package. This ensures that the distfiles retrieved from
the Internet have not been corrupted during transfer or
altered by a malign force to introduce a security hole.
Due to recent rumor about weaknesses of digest
algorithms, all distfiles are protected using both SHA1
and RMD160 message digests, as well as the file size.
The distinfo file also contains the
checksums for all the patches found in the patches directory (see Section 8.3,
“patches/*”).
To regenerate the distinfo file, use the
make
makedistinfo or make mdi command.
Some packages have different sets of distfiles
depending on the platform, for example www/navigator). These are kept in
the same distinfo file and care should be taken
when upgrading such a package to ensure distfile
information is not lost.
This directory contains files that are used by the
patch(1) command to
modify the sources as distributed in the distribution
file into a form that will compile and run perfectly on
NetBSD. The files are applied successively in alphabetic
order (as returned by a shell “patches/patch-*” glob expansion), so
patch-aa is applied before
patch-ab, etc.
The patch-* files should be in
diff -bu
format, and apply without a fuzz to avoid problems. (To
force patches to apply with fuzz you can set PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2). Furthermore, do
not put changes for more than one file into a single
patch file, as this will make future modifications more
difficult.
Similar, a file should be patched at most once, not several times by several different patches. If a file needs several patches, they should be combined into one file.
One important thing to mention is to pay attention
that no RCS IDs get stored in the patch files, as these
will cause problems when later checked into the NetBSD
CVS tree. Use the pkgdiff from the pkgtools/pkgdiff package to avoid
these problems.
For even more automation, we recommend using
mkpatches
from the same package to make a whole set of patches. You
just have to backup files before you edit them to
filename.orig, e.g. with
cp -p filename
filename.orig or, easier, by using
pkgvi again
from the same package. If you upgrade a package this way,
you can easily compare the new set of patches with the
previously existing one with patchdiff.
When you have finished a package, remember to generate
the checksums for the patch files by using the
make
makepatchsum command, see Section 8.2,
“distinfo”.
When adding a patch that corrects a problem in the distfile (rather than e.g. enforcing pkgsrc's view of where man pages should go), send the patch as a bug report to the maintainer. This benefits non-pkgsrc users of the package, and usually enables removing the patch in future version.
Patch files that are distributed by the author or
other maintainers can be listed in $PATCHFILES.
If it is desired to store any patches that should not
be committed into pkgsrc, they can be kept outside the
pkgsrc tree in the $LOCALPATCHES directory. The directory
tree there is expected to have the same
“category/package”
structure as pkgsrc, and patches are expected to be
stored inside these dirs (also known as $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH). For example,
if you want to keep a private patch for pkgsrc/graphics/png, keep it in
$LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch. All
files in the named directory are expected to be patch
files, and they are applied
after pkgsrc patches are applied.
DESCR-
A multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include any credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not share your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others will read everything that you write here.
PLIST-
This file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of directories, and the location of inserted files. See Chapter 10, PLIST issues for more information.
INSTALL-
This shell script is invoked twice by pkg_add(1). First time after package extraction and before files are moved in place, the second time after the files to install are moved in place. This can be used to do any custom procedures not possible with @exec commands in
PLIST. See pkg_add(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information. DEINSTALL-
This script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is this script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details around the package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information.
MESSAGE-
This file is displayed after installation of the package. Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software and hints for updating config files after installing modules for apache, PHP etc. Please note that you can modify variables in it easily by using
MESSAGE_SUBSTin the package'sMakefile:MESSAGE_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
replaces "${SOMEVAR}" with “somevalue” in
MESSAGE.
When you type make, the distribution files
are unpacked into the directory denoted by WRKDIR. It can be removed by running
make clean.
Besides the sources, this directory is also used to keep
various timestamp files. The directory gets removed completely on clean.
The default is ${.CURDIR}/work or ${.CURDIR}/work.${MACHINE_ARCH} if
OBJMACHINE is set.
If you have any files that you wish to be placed in
the package prior to configuration or building, you could
place these files here and use a “${CP}” command in the
“pre-configure”
target to achieve this. Alternatively, you could simply
diff the file against /dev/null and use the patch mechanism
to manage the creation of this file.
Table of Contents
Pkgsrc consists of many Makefile fragments, each of which forms a
well-defined part of the pkgsrc system. Using the
make(1) system as a
programming language for a big system like pkgsrc requires
some discipline to keep the code correct and
understandable.
The basic ingredients for Makefile programming are variables (which
are actually macros) and shell commands. Among these shell
commands may even be more complex ones like
awk(1) programs. To make
sure that every shell command runs as intended it is
necessary to quote all variables correctly when they are
used.
This chapter describes some patterns, that appear quite
often in Makefiles, including the pitfalls that
come along with them.
Makefile variables contain
strings that can be processed using the five operators
``='', ``+='', ``?='', ``:='', and ``!='', which are
described in the
make(1) man page.
When a variable's value is parsed from a Makefile, the hash character ``#'' and
the backslash character ``\'' are handled specially. If a
backslash is followed by a newline, any whitespace
immediately in front of the backslash, the backslash, the
newline, and any whitespace immediately behind the
newline are replaced with a single space. A backspace
character and an immediately following hash character are
replaced with a single hash character. Otherwise, the
backslash is passed as is. In a variable assignment, any
hash character that is not preceded by a backslash starts
a comment that continues upto the end of the logical
line.
Note: Because
of this parsing algorithm the only way to create a
variable consisting of a single backslash is using the
``!='' operator, for example: BACKSLASH!=echo "\\".
So far for defining variables. The other thing you can do with variables is evaluating them. A variable is evaluated when it is part of the right side of the ``:='' or the ``!='' operator, or directly before executing a shell command which the variable is part of. In all other cases, make(1) performs lazy evaluation, that is, variables are not evaluated until there's no other way. The ``modifiers'' mentioned in the man page also evaluate the variable.
Some of the modifiers split the string into words and then operate on the words, others operate on the string as a whole. When a string is split into words, it is split as you would expect it from sh(1).
No rule without exception—the .for loop does not follow the shell quoting rules but splits at sequences of whitespace.
There are several types of variables that should be handled differently. Strings and two types of lists.
-
Strings can contain arbitrary characters. Nevertheless, you should restrict yourself to only using printable characters. Examples are
PREFIXandCOMMENT. -
Internal lists are lists that are never exported to any shell command. Their elements are separated by whitespace. Therefore, the elements themselves cannot have embedded whitespace. Any other characters are allowed. Internal lists can be used in .for loops. Examples are
DEPENDSandBUILD_DEPENDS. -
External lists are lists that may be exported to a shell command. Their elements can contain any characters, including whitespace. That's why they cannot be used in .for loops. Examples are
DISTFILESandMASTER_SITES.
-
All variable names starting with an underscore are reserved for use by the pkgsrc infrastructure. They shall not be used by package
Makefiles. -
In .for loops you should use lowercase variable names for the iteration variables.
-
All list variables should have a ``plural'' name, e.g.
PKG_OPTIONSorDISTFILES.
This section presents you with some code snippets you should use in your own code. If you don't find anything appropriate here, you should test your code and add it here.
STRING= foo * bar `date`
INT_LIST= # empty
ANOTHER_INT_LIST= apache-[0-9]*:../../www/apache
EXT_LIST= # empty
ANOTHER_EXT_LIST= a=b c=d
INT_LIST+= ${STRING} # 1
INT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_INT_LIST} # 2
EXT_LIST+= ${STRING:Q} # 3
EXT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_EXT_LIST} # 4
When you add a string to an external list (example 3), it must be quoted. In all other cases, you must not add a quoting level. You must not merge internal and external lists, unless you are sure that all entries are correctly interpreted in both lists.
EXT_LIST= # empty
.for i in ${INT_LIST}
EXT_LIST+= ${i:Q}""
.endfor
This code converts the internal list INT_LIST into the external list
EXT_LIST. As the elements
of an internal list are unquoted they must be quoted
here. The reason for appending "" is explained below.
STRING= foo bar < > * `date` $$HOME ' "
EXT_LIST= string=${STRING:Q} x=second\ item
all:
echo ${STRING} # 1
echo "${STRING}" # 2
echo "${STRING:Q}" # 3
echo ${STRING:Q} # 4
echo x${STRING:Q} | sed 1s,.,, # 5
env ${EXT_LIST} /bin/sh -c 'echo "$$string"; echo "$$x"'
Example 1 leads to a syntax error in the shell, as the characters are just copied.
Example 2 leads to a syntax error too, and if you
leave out the last " character from ${STRING},
date(1) will be
executed. The $HOME shell
variable would be evaluated, too.
Example 3 outputs each space character preceded by a backslash (or not), depending on the implementation of the echo(1) command.
Example 4 handles correctly every string that does not start with a dash. In that case, the result depends on the implementation of the echo(1) command. As long as you can guarantee that your input does not start with a dash, this form is appropriate.
Example 5 handles even the case of a leading dash correctly.
The EXT_LIST does not
need to be quoted because the quoting has already been
done when adding elements to the list.
As internal lists shall not be passed to the shell, there is no example for it.
There are many possible sources of wrongly quoted variables. This section lists some of the commonly known ones.
-
Whenever you use the value of a list, think about what happens to leading or trailing whitespace. If the list is a well-formed shell expression, you can apply the
:M*modifier to strip leading and trailing whitespace from each word. The:Moperator first splits its argument according to the rules of the shell, and then creates a new list consisting of all words that match the shell glob expression*, that is: all. One class of situations where this is needed is when adding a variable likeCPPFLAGStoCONFIGURE_ARGS. If the configure script invokes other configure scripts, it strips the leading and trailing whitespace from the variable and then passes it to the other configure scripts. But these configure scripts expect the (child)CPPFLAGSvariable to be the same as the parentCPPFLAGS. That's why we better pass theCPPFLAGSvalue properly trimmed. And here is how we do it:CPPFLAGS= # empty CPPFLAGS+= -Wundef -DPREFIX=\"${PREFIX:Q}\" CPPFLAGS+= ${MY_CPPFLAGS} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= CPPFLAGS=${CPPFLAGS:M*:Q} all: echo x${CPPFLAGS:Q}x # leading and trailing whitespace echo x${CONFIGURE_ARGS}x # properly trimmed -
The example above contains one bug: The
${PREFIX}is a properly quoted shell expression, but there is the C compiler after it, which also expects a properly quoted string (this time in C syntax). The version above is therefore only correct if${PREFIX}does not have embedded backslashes or double quotes. If you want to allow these, you have to add another layer of quoting to each variable that is used as a C string literal. You cannot use the:Qoperator for it, as this operator only works for the shell. -
Whenever a variable can be empty, the
:Qoperator can have surprising results. Here are two completely different cases which can be solved with the same trick.EMPTY= # empty empty_test: for i in a ${EMPTY:Q} c; do \ echo "$$i"; \ done for_test: .for i in a:\ a:\test.txt echo ${i:Q} echo "foo" .endforThe first example will only print two of the three lines we might have expected. This is because
${EMPTY:Q}expands to the empty string, which the shell cannot see. The workaround is to write${EMPTY:Q}"". This pattern can be often found as${TEST} -z ${VAR:Q}or as${TEST} -f ${FNAME:Q}(both of these are wrong).The second example will only print three lines instead of four. The first line looks like
a:\ echo foo. This is because the backslash of the valuea:\is interpreted as a line-continuation by make(1), which makes the second line the arguments of the echo(1) command from the first line. To avoid this, write${i:Q}"".
The pkgsrc bmake program does not handle the
following assignment correctly. In case _othervar_ contains a ``-'' character,
one of the closing braces is included in ${VAR} after this code executes.
VAR:= ${VAR:N${_othervar_:C/-//}}
For a more complex code snippet and a workaround,
see the package regress/make-quoting, testcase
bug1.
Table of Contents
The PLIST file contains a package's
“packing list”, i.e.
a list of files that belong to the package (relative to the
${PREFIX} directory it's been
installed in) plus some additional statements - see the
pkg_create(1) man page
for a full list. This chapter addresses some issues that
need attention when dealing with the PLIST file (or files, see below!).
Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any
PLIST file you write:
@comment $NetBSD$
You can use the make print-PLIST command to output a PLIST that matches any new files since the package was extracted. See Section 14.16, “Other helpful targets” for more information on this target.
If you have used any of the *-dirs packages, as
explained in Section 10.8,
“Sharing directories between packages”,
you may have noticed that make print-PLIST outputs a set
of @comments instead of real
@dirrm lines. You can also
do this for specific directories and files, so that the
results of that command are very close to reality. This
helps a lot during
the update of packages.
The PRINT_PLIST_AWK
variable takes a set of AWK patterns and actions that are
used to filter the output of print-PLIST. You can
append any chunk
of AWK scripting you like to it, but be careful with
quoting.
For example, to get all files inside the libdata/foo directory removed from the
resulting PLIST:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^libdata\/foo/ { next; }
And to get all the @dirrm
lines referring to a specific (shared) directory
converted to @comments:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^@dirrm share\/specific/ { print "@comment " $$0; next; }
A number of variables are substituted automatically in PLISTs when a package is installed on a system. This includes the following variables:
${MACHINE_ARCH},${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}-
Some packages like emacs and perl embed information about which architecture they were built on into the pathnames where they install their files. To handle this case, PLIST will be preprocessed before actually used, and the symbol “
${MACHINE_ARCH}” will be replaced by what uname -p gives. The same is done if the string${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}is embedded in PLIST somewhere - use this on packages that have GNU autoconf-created configure scripts.Legacy note
There used to be a symbol “
$ARCH” that was replaced by the output of uname -m, but that's no longer supported and has been removed. ${OPSYS},${LOWER_OPSYS},${OS_VERSION}-
Some packages want to embed the OS name and version into some paths. To do this, use these variables in the
PLIST:-
${OPSYS}- output of “uname -s” -
${LOWER_OPSYS}- lowercase common name (eg. “solaris”) -
${OS_VERSION}- “uname -r”
-
${PKGLOCALEDIR}-
Packages that install locale files should list them in the PLIST as “${PKGLOCALEDIR}/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...” instead of “share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...”. This properly handles the fact that different operating systems expect locale files to be either in
shareorlibby default.
For a complete list of values which are replaced by
default, please look in bsd.pkg.mk (and search for PLIST_SUBST).
If you want to change other variables not listed
above, you can add variables and their expansions to this
variable in the following way, similar to MESSAGE_SUBST (see Section 8.5,
“Optional files”):
PLIST_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
This replaces all occurrences of “${SOMEVAR}” in the PLIST with “somevalue”.
Man pages should be installed in compressed form if
MANZ is set (in bsd.own.mk), and uncompressed
otherwise. To handle this in the PLIST file, the suffix
“.gz” is
appended/removed automatically for man pages according to
MANZ and MANCOMPRESSED being set or not, see
above for details. This modification of the PLIST file is done on a copy of it, not
PLIST itself.
To use one or more files as source for the
PLIST used in generating the
binary package, set the variable PLIST_SRC to the names of that file(s).
The files are later concatenated using
cat(1), and order of
things is important.
Some packages decide to install a different set of files based on the operating system being used. These differences can be automatically handled by using the following files:
-
PLIST.common -
PLIST.${OPSYS} -
PLIST.${MACHINE_ARCH} -
PLIST.${OPSYS}-${MACHINE_ARCH} -
PLIST.common_end
A “shared directory” is a directory where multiple (and unrelated) packages install files. These directories are problematic because you have to add special tricks in the PLIST to conditionally remove them, or have some centralized package handle them.
Within pkgsrc, you'll find both approaches. If a directory is shared by a few unrelated packages, it's often not worth to add an extra package to remove it. Therefore, one simply does:
@unexec ${RMDIR} %D/path/to/shared/directory 2>/dev/null || ${TRUE}
in the PLISTs of all affected packages, instead of the regular "@dirrm" line.
However, if the directory is shared across many packages, two different solutions are available:
-
If the packages have a common dependency, the directory can be removed in that. For example, see
textproc/scrollkeeper, which removes the shared directoryshare/omf. -
If the packages using the directory are not related at all (they have no common dependencies), a *-dirs package is used.
From now on, we'll discuss the second solution. To get an idea of the *-dirs packages available, issue:
%cd .../pkgsrc%ls -d */*-dirs
Their use from other packages is very simple. The
USE_DIRS variable takes a
list of package names (without the “-dirs” part) together with the
required version number (always pick the latest one when
writing new packages).
For example, if a package installs files under
share/applications, it should
have the following line in it:
USE_DIRS+= xdg-1.1
After regenerating the PLIST using make print-PLIST, you should get the right (commented out) lines.
Note that even if your package is using $X11BASE, it must not depend on the
*-x11-dirs packages. Just specify the name without that
part and pkgsrc (in particular, mk/dirs.mk) will take care of it.
Table of Contents
Buildlink is a framework in pkgsrc that controls what headers and libraries are seen by a package's configure and build processes. This is implemented in a two step process:
-
Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies into
BUILDLINK_DIR, which by default is a subdirectory ofWRKDIR. -
Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of the normal compiler tools that translate
-I${LOCALBASE}/includeand-L${LOCALBASE}/libinto references toBUILDLINK_DIR. The wrapper scripts also make native compiler on some operating systems look like GCC, so that packages that expect GCC won't require modifications to build with those native compilers.
This normalizes the environment in which a package is
built so that the package may be built consistently despite
what other software may be installed. Please note that the
normal system header and library paths, e.g. /usr/include, /usr/lib, etc., are always searched --
buildlink3 is designed to insulate the package build from
non-system-supplied software.
The process of converting packages to use the buildlink3 framework (“bl3ifying”) is fairly straightforward. The things to keep in mind are:
-
Ensure that the build always calls the wrapper scripts instead of the actual toolchain. Some packages are tricky, and the only way to know for sure is the check
${WRKDIR}/.work.logto see if the wrappers are being invoked. -
Don't override
PREFIXfrom within the package Makefile, e.g. Java VMs, standalone shells, etc., because the code to symlink files into${BUILDLINK_DIR}looks for files relative to “pkg_info -qppkgname”. -
Remember that only the
buildlink3.mkfiles that you list in a package's Makefile are added as dependencies for that package.
If a dependency on a particular package is required for its libraries and headers, then we replace:
DEPENDS+= foo>=1.1.0:../../category/foo
with
.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
The buildlink3.mk files usually define the required dependencies. If you need a newer version of the dependency when using buildlink3.mk files, then you can define it in your Makefile; for example:
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo+= foo>=1.1.0
.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
There are several buildlink3.mk files in pkgsrc/mk that handle special package
issues:
-
bdb.buildlink3.mkchooses either the native or a pkgsrc Berkeley DB implementation based on the values ofBDB_ACCEPTEDandBDB_DEFAULT. -
curses.buildlink3.mk: If the system comes with neither Curses nor NCurses, this will take care to install thedevel/ncursespackage. -
krb5.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofKRB5_ACCEPTEDto choose between adding a dependency on Heimdal or MIT-krb5 for packages that require a Kerberos 5 implementation. -
motif.buildlink3.mkchecks for a system-provided Motif installation or adds a dependency onx11/lesstiforx11/openmotif. -
ossaudio.buildlink3.mkdefines several variables that may be used by packages that use the Open Sound System (OSS) API. -
pgsql.buildlink3.mkwill accept either Postgres 7.3 or 7.4, whichever is found installed. See the file for more information. -
pthread.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofPTHREAD_OPTSand checks for native pthreads or adds a dependency ondevel/pthas needed. -
xaw.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofXAW_TYPEto choose a particular Athena widgets library.
The comments in those buildlink3.mk files provide a more
complete description of how to use them properly.
A package's buildlink3.mk file is included by
Makefiles to indicate the need to compile and link
against header files and libraries provided by the
package. A buildlink3.mk file should always
provide enough information to add the correct type of
dependency relationship and include any other
buildlink3.mk files that it needs
to find headers and libraries that it needs in turn.
To generate an initial buildlink3.mk file for further editing,
Rene Hexel's pkgtools/createbuildlink package is
highly recommended. For most packages, the following
command will generate a good starting point for
buildlink3.mk files:
%cd pkgsrc/category/pkgdir%createbuildlink >buildlink3.mk
The following real-life example buildlink3.mk is taken from
pkgsrc/graphics/tiff:
# $NetBSD: buildlink3.mk,v 1.7 2004/03/18 09:12:12 jlam Exp $
BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH}+
TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:= ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK}+
.if !empty(BUILDLINK_DEPTH:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS+= tiff
.endif
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:= ${BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:Ntiff}
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+= tiff
.if !empty(TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.tiff+= tiff>=3.6.1
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?= ../../graphics/tiff
.endif # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK
.include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH:S/+$//}
The header and footer manipulate BUILDLINK_DEPTH, which is common
across all buildlink3.mk files and is used to
track at what depth we are including buildlink3.mk files.
The first section controls if the dependency on
pkg is added.
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS is the
global list of packages for which dependencies are
added by buildlink3.
The second section advises pkgsrc that the
buildlink3.mk file for
pkg has been
included at some point. BUILDLINK_PACKAGES is the global list
of packages for which buildlink3.mk files have been
included. It must always be appended to within
a buildlink3.mk file.
The third section is protected from multiple
inclusion and controls how the dependency on pkg is added. Several
important variables are set in the section:
-
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.is the actual dependency recorded in the installed package; this should always be set using += to ensure that we're appending to any pre-existing list of values. This variable should be set to the first version of the package that had the last change in the major number of a shared library or that had a major API change.pkg -
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.is the location of thepkgpkgpkgsrc directory. -
BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.(not shown above) controls whether we usepkgBUILD_DEPENDSorDEPENDSto add the dependency onpkg. The build dependency is selected by settingBUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.to “build”. By default, the full dependency is used.pkg -
BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.andpkgBUILDLINK_LIBDIRS.(not shown above) are lists of subdirectories ofpkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.to add to the header and library search paths. These default to “include” and “lib” respectively.pkg} -
BUILDLINK_CPPFLAGS.(not shown above) is the list of preprocessor flags to add topkgCPPFLAGS, which are passed on to the configure and build phases. The “-I” option should be avoided and instead be handled usingBUILDLINK_INCDIRS.as above.pkg
The following variables are all optionally defined
within this second section (protected against multiple
inclusion) and control which package files are
symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR} and how their names
are transformed during the symlinking:
-
BUILDLINK_FILES.(not shown above) is a shell glob pattern relative topkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.to be symlinked intopkg}${BUILDLINK_DIR}, e.g.include/*.h. -
BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.(not shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs to stdout a list of files relative topkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.. The resulting files are to be symlinked intopkg}${BUILDLINK_DIR}. By default, this takes the+CONTENTSof apkgand filters it through${BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER..pkg} -
BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.(not shown above) is a filter command that filterspkg+CONTENTSinput into a list of files relative to${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.on stdout. By default for overwrite packages,pkg}BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.outputs the contents of thepkgincludeandlibdirectories in the package+CONTENTS, and for pkgviews packages, it outputs any libtool archives inlibdirectories. -
BUILDLINK_TRANSFORM.(not shown above) is a list of sed arguments used to transform the name of the source filename into a destination filename, e.g. -e "s|/curses.h|/ncurses.h|g".pkg
The last section includes any buildlink3.mk needed for pkg's library
dependencies. Including these buildlink3.mk files means that the
headers and libraries for these dependencies are also
symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR} whenever the
pkg
buildlink3.mk file is
included.
There are two situations that require increasing the
dependency listed in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. after a
package update:pkg
-
if the sonames (major number of the library version) of any installed shared libraries change.
-
if the API or interface to the header files change.
In these cases, BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. should be
adjusted to require at least the new package version.
In some cases, the packages that depend on this new
version may need their pkgPKGREVISIONs increased and, if they
have buildlink3.mk files, their
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. adjusted,
too. This is needed so that binary packages made using
it will require the correct package dependency and not
settle for an older one which will not contain the
necessary shared libraries.pkg
Please take careful consideration before adjusting
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. as we don't
want to cause unneeded package deletions and rebuilds.
In many cases, new versions of packages work just fine
with older dependencies. See Section
15.1.4, “Handling dependencies” for
more information about dependencies on other packages,
including the pkgBUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED and RECOMMENDED definitions.
Some packages in pkgsrc install headers and libraries
that coincide with headers and libraries present in the
base system. Aside from a buildlink3.mk file, these packages
should also include a builtin.mk file that includes the
necessary checks to decide whether using the built-in
software or the pkgsrc software is appropriate.
The only requirements of a builtin.mk file for
pkg are:
-
It should set
USE_BUILTIN.to either “yes” or “no” after it is included.pkg -
It should not override any
USE_BUILTIN.which is already set before thepkgbuiltin.mkfile is included. -
It should be written to allow multiple inclusion. This is very important and takes careful attention to
Makefilecoding.
The following is the recommended template for builtin.mk files:
.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo)
#
# IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo"
# genuinely exists in the system or not.
#
IS_BUILTIN.foo?= no
# BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package
# version can be determined.
#
. if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
BUILTIN_PKG.foo?= foo-1.0
. endif
.endif # IS_BUILTIN.foo
.if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo)
USE_BUILTIN.foo?= ${IS_BUILTIN.foo}
. if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo)
. for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo}
. if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
USE_BUILTIN.foo!= \
if ${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo}; then \
${ECHO} "yes"; \
else \
${ECHO} "no"; \
fi
. endif
. endfor
. endif
.endif # USE_BUILTIN.foo
CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?= no
.if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO])
#
# Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to
# "yes" or "no".
#
.endif # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo
The first section sets IS_BUILTIN. depending on
if pkgpkg really
exists in the base system. This should not be a base
system software with similar functionality to
pkg; it
should only be “yes” if the actual package is
included as part of the base system. This variable is
only used internally within the builtin.mk file.
The second section sets BUILTIN_PKG. to the
version of pkgpkg in the base system
if it exists (if IS_BUILTIN. is
“yes”). This
variable is only used internally within the
pkgbuiltin.mk file.
The third section sets USE_BUILTIN. and is
required in all
pkgbuiltin.mk files. The code in
this section must make the determination whether the
built-in software is adequate to satisfy the
dependencies listed in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.. This is
typically done by comparing pkgBUILTIN_PKG. against each
of the dependencies in pkgBUILDLINK_DEPENDS..
pkgUSE_BUILTIN. must be set to the correct
value by the end of the pkgbuiltin.mk file. Note that
USE_BUILTIN. may be
“yes” even if
pkgIS_BUILTIN. is
“no” because we
may make the determination that the built-in version of
the software is similar enough to be used as a
replacement.pkg
The last section is guarded by CHECK_BUILTIN., and
includes code that uses the value of pkgUSE_BUILTIN. set in the
previous section. This typically includes, e.g., adding
additional dependency restrictions and listing
additional files to symlink into pkg${BUILDLINK_DIR} (via BUILDLINK_FILES.).pkg
When building packages, it's possible to choose
whether to set a global preference for using either the
built-in (native) version or the pkgsrc version of
software to satisfy a dependency. This is controlled by
setting PREFER_PKGSRC and
PREFER_NATIVE. These
variables take values of either “yes”, “no”, or a list of packages.
PREFER_PKGSRC tells pkgsrc
to use the pkgsrc versions of software, while
PREFER_NATIVE tells pkgsrc
to use the built-in versions. Preferences are
determined by the most specific instance of the package
in either PREFER_PKGSRC or
PREFER_NATIVE. If a
package is specified in neither or in both variables,
then PREFER_PKGSRC has
precedence over PREFER_NATIVE. For example, to require
using pkgsrc versions of software for all but the most
basic bits on a NetBSD system, you can set:
PREFER_PKGSRC= yes
PREFER_NATIVE= getopt skey tcp_wrappers
A package must have a builtin.mk file to be listed in
PREFER_NATIVE, otherwise
it is simply ignored in that list.
Table of Contents
This chapter describes the framework known as
pkginstall, whose key features
are:
-
Generic installation and manipulation of directories and files outside the pkgsrc-handled tree,
LOCALBASE. -
Automatic handling of configuration files during installation, provided that packages are correctly designed.
-
Generation and installation of system startup scripts.
-
Registration of system users and groups.
-
Registration of system shells.
The following sections inspect each of the above points
in detail. Note that in order to use any of the described
functionalities, you must add the following to your
package's Makefile:
USE_PKGINSTALL= YES
You may be thinking that many of the things described
here could be easily done with simple code in the package's
post-installation target (post-install). This is incorrect, as the code
in them is only executed when building from source.
Machines using binary packages could not benefit from it at
all (as the code itself could be unavailable). Therefore,
the only way to achieve any of the items described above is
by means of the installation scripts, which are
automatically generated by pkginstall.
As you already know, the PLIST file holds a list of files and
directories that belong to a package. The names used in
it are relative to the installation prefix (${PREFIX}), which means that it cannot
register files outside this directory (absolute path
names are not allowed). Despite this restriction, some
packages need to install files outside this location;
e.g., under ${VARBASE} or ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}.
The only way to achieve this is to create such files
during installation time by using the installation
scripts. These scripts can run arbitrary commands, so
they have the potential to create and manage files
anywhere in the file system. Here is where pkginstall
comes into play: it provides generic scripts to abstract
the manipulation of such files and directories based on
variables set in the package's Makefile. The rest of this section
describes these variables.
The following variables can be set to request the creation of directories anywhere in the file system:
-
MAKE_DIRSandOWN_DIRScontain a list of directories that should be created and should attempt to be destroyed by the installation scripts. The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to remove any directories that may be left after deinstallation (because they were not empty), while the former does not. -
MAKE_DIRS_PERMSandOWN_DIRS_PERMScontain a list of tuples describing which directories should be created and should attempt to be destroyed by the installation scripts. Each tuple holds the following values, separated by spaces: the directory name, its owner, its group and its numerical mode. For example:MAKE_DIRS_PERMS+= ${VARBASE}/foo/private ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-
PERMScounterparts.
Creating non-empty files outside the installation
prefix is tricky because the PLIST forces all files to be inside
it. To overcome this problem, the only solution is to
extract the file in the known place (i.e., inside the
installation prefix) and copy it to the appropriate
location during installation (done by the installation
scripts generated by pkginstall). We will call the
former the master
file in the following paragraphs, which
describe the variables that can be used to
automatically and consistently handle files outside the
installation prefix:
-
CONF_FILESandSUPPORT_FILESare pairs of master and target files. During installation time, the master file is copied to the target one if and only if the latter does not exist. Upon deinstallation, the target file is removed provided that it was not modified by the installation.The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to remove any files that may be left after deinstallation (because they were not empty), while the former does not.
-
CONF_FILES_PERMSandSUPPORT_FILES_PERMScontain tuples describing master files as well as their target locations. For each of them, it also specifies their owner, their group and their numeric permissions, in this order. For example:SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS+= ${PREFIX}/share/somefile ${VARBASE}/somefile ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-
PERMScounterparts.
Configuration files are special in the sense that they
are installed in their own specific directory,
PKG_SYSCONFDIR, and need
special treatment during installation (most of which is
automated by pkginstall). The main concept you must bear
in mind is that files marked as configuration files are
automatically copied to the right place (somewhere inside
PKG_SYSCONFDIR) during
installation if and only
if they didn't exist before. Similarly, they
will not be removed if they have local modifications.
This ensures that administrators never lose any custom
changes they may have made.
As said before, the PKG_SYSCONFDIR variable specifies
where configuration files shall be installed. Its
contents are set based upon the following
variables:
-
PKG_SYSCONFBASE: The configuration's root directory. Defaults to${PREFIX}/etcalthough it may be overridden by the user to point to his preferred location (e.g.,/etc,/etc/pkg, etc.). Packages must not use it directly. -
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR: A subdirectory ofPKG_SYSCONFBASEunder which the configuration files for the package being built shall be installed. The definition of this variable only makes sense in the package'sMakefile(i.e., it is not user-customizable).As an example, consider the Apache package,
www/apache2, which places its configuration files under thehttpd/subdirectory ofPKG_SYSCONFBASE. This should be set in the package Makefile. -
PKG_SYSCONFVAR: Specifies the name of the variable that holds this package's configuration directory (if different fromPKG_SYSCONFBASE). It defaults toPKGBASE's value, and is always prefixed withPKG_SYSCONFDIR. -
PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}: Holds the directory where the configuration files for the package identified byPKG_SYSCONFVAR's shall be placed.
Based on the above variables, pkginstall determines
the value of PKG_SYSCONFDIR, which is the
only variable
that can be used within a package to refer to its
configuration directory. The algorithm used to set its
value is basically the following:
-
If
PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}is set, its value is used. -
If the previous variable is not defined but
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIRis set in the package'sMakefile, the resulting value is${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/${PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}. -
Otherwise, it is set to
${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}.
It is worth mentioning that ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR} is automatically
added to OWN_DIRS. See Section 12.1.1,
“Directory manipulation” what this
means.
Given that pkgsrc (and users!) expect configuration files to be in a known place, you need to teach each package where it shall install its files. In some cases you will have to patch the package Makefiles to achieve it. If you are lucky, though, it may be as easy as passing an extra flag to the configuration script; this is the case of GNU Autoconf- generated files:
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --sysconfdir=${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
Note that this specifies where the package has to look for its configuration files, not where they will be originally installed (although the difference is never explicit, unfortunately).
As said before, pkginstall automatically handles
configuration files. This means that the packages themselves must not touch
the contents of ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
directly. Bad news is that many
software installation scripts will, out of the box,
mess with the contents of that directory. So what is
the correct procedure to fix this issue?
You must teach the package (usually by manually
patching it) to install any configuration files under
the examples hierarchy, share/examples/${PKGBASE}/. This way,
the PLIST registers them and the
administrator always has the original copies
available.
Once the required configuration files are in place
(i.e., under the examples hierarchy), the pkginstall
framework can use them as master copies during the
package installation to update what is in ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}. To achieve this,
the variables CONF_FILES
and CONF_FILES_PERMS are
used. Check out Section 12.1.2,
“File manipulation” for information
about their syntax and their purpose. Here is an
example, taken from the mail/mutt package:
EGDIR= ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples
CONF_FILES= ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
Note that the EGDIR
variable is specific to that package and has no meaning
outside it.
System startup scripts are special files because they must be installed in a place known by the underlying OS, usually outside the installation prefix. Therefore, the same rules described in Section 12.1, “Files and directories outside the installation prefix” apply, and the same solutions can be used. However, pkginstall provides a special mechanism to handle these files.
In order to provide system startup scripts, the package has to:
-
Store the script inside
${FILESDIR}, with the.shsuffix appended. Considering theprint/cupspackage as an example, it has acupsd.shin its files directory. -
Tell pkginstall to handle it, appending the name of the script, without its extension, to the
RCD_SCRIPTSvariable. Continuing the previous example:RCD_SCRIPTS+= cupsd
Once this is done, pkginstall will do the following steps for each script in an automated fashion:
-
Process the file found in the files directory applying all the substitutions described in the
FILES_SUBSTvariable. -
Copy the script from the files directory to the examples hierarchy,
${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/. Note that this master file must be explicitly registered in thePLIST. -
Add code to the installation scripts to copy the startup script from the examples hierarchy into the system-wide startup scripts directory.
The automatic copying of config files can be toggled
by setting the environment variable PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS prior to package
installation. Note that the scripts will be always
copied inside the examples hierarchy, ${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/, no
matter what the value of this variable is.
If a package needs to create special users and/or groups during installation, it can do so by using the pkginstall framework.
Users can be created by adding entries to the
PKG_USERS variable. Each
entry has the following syntax, which mimics /etc/passwd:
user:group[:[userid][:[descr][:[home][:shell]]]]
Only the user and group are required; everything else
is optional, but the colons must be in the right places
when specifying optional bits. By default, a new user
will have home directory /nonexistent, and login shell
/sbin/nologin unless they are
specified as part of the user element. Note that if the
description contains spaces, then spaces should be
backslash-escaped, as in:
foo:foogrp::The\ Foomister
Similarly, groups can be created using the
PKG_GROUPS variable, whose
syntax is:
group[:groupid]
As before, only the group name is required; the numeric identifier is optional.
Packages that install system shells should register
them in the shell database, /etc/shells, to make things easier to
the administrator. This must be done from the
installation scripts to keep binary packages working on
any system. pkginstall provides an easy way to accomplish
this task.
When a package provides a shell interpreter, it has to
set the PKG_SHELL variable
to its absolute file name. This will add some hooks to
the installation scripts to handle it. Consider the
following example, taken from shells/zsh:
USE_PKGINSTALL= YES
PKG_SHELL= ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh
Table of Contents
Many packages have the ability to be built to support
different sets of features. bsd.options.mk is a framework in pkgsrc
that provides generic handling of those options that
determine different ways in which the packages can be
built. It's possible for the user to specify exactly which
sets of options will be built into a package or to allow a
set of global default options apply.
Global default options are listed in PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, which is a list of
the options that should be built into every package if
that option is supported. This variable should be set in
/etc/mk.conf.
The following example shows how bsd.options.mk should be used by the
hypothetical ``wibble'' package, either in the package
Makefile, or in a file, e.g.
options.mk, that is included by
the main package Makefile.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR= PKG_OPTIONS.wibble
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS= database
PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.database= mysql pgsql
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS+= WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS+= foo:wibble-foo
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"
# this package was previously named wibble2
.if defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2)
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS+= ${PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2}
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS+= \
"Deprecated variable PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2 used, use "${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR:Q}" instead."
.endif
.include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk"
# Package-specific option-handling
###
### FOO support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mwibble-foo)
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-foo
.endif
###
### LDAP support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap)
. include "../../databases/openldap/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap}
.endif
###
### database support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mmysql)
. include "../../mk/mysql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mpgsql)
. include "../../mk/pgsql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
The first section contains the information about which build options are supported by the package, and any default options settings if needed.
-
PKG_OPTIONS_VARis the name of the make(1) variable that the user can set to override the default options. It should be set to “PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase”. -
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONSis a list of build options supported by the package. -
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPSis a list of names of groups of mutually exclusive options. The options in each group are listed inPKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.. The most specific setting of any option from the group takes precedence over all other options in the group. Options from the groups will be automatically added togroupnamePKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. -
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPSis likePKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, but building the packages will fail if no option from the group is selected. -
PKG_OPTIONS_NONEMPTY_SETSis a list of names of sets of options. At least one option from each set must be selected. The options in each set are listed inPKG_OPTIONS_SET.. Options from the sets will be automatically added tosetnamePKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Building the package will fail if no option from the set is selected. -
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONSis a list of build options which are enabled by default. -
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARSis a list of “USE_VARIABLE:option” pairs that map legacy/etc/mk.confvariables to their option counterparts. Pairs should be added with “+=” to keep the listing of global legacy variables. A warning will be issued if the user uses a legacy variable. -
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTSis a list of “old-option:new-option” pairs that map options that have been renamed to their new counterparts. Pairs should be added with “+=” to keep the listing of global legacy options. A warning will be issued if the user uses a legacy option. -
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONSis a list of options implied by deprecated variables used. This can be used for cases that neitherPKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARSnorPKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTScan handle, e. g. whenPKG_OPTIONS_VARis renamed. -
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGSis a list of warnings about deprecated variables or options used, and what to use instead.
A package should never modify PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS or the variable
named in PKG_OPTIONS_VAR.
These are strictly user-settable. To suggest a default
set of options, use PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR must be
defined before including bsd.options.mk. If none of PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS, PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, and
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS
are defined (as can happen with platform-specific options
if none of them is supported on the current platform),
PKG_OPTIONS is set to the
empty list and the package is otherwise treated as not
using the options framework.
After the inclusion of bsd.options.mk, the variable
PKG_OPTIONS contains the
list of selected build options, properly filtered to
remove unsupported and duplicate options.
The remaining sections contain the logic that is
specific to each option. The correct way to check for an
option is to check whether it is listed in PKG_OPTIONS:
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Moption)
Options that enable similar features in different packages (like optional support for a library) should use a common name in all packages that support it (like the name of the library). If another package already has an option with the same meaning, use the same name.
Options that enable features specific to one package,
where it's unlikely that another (unrelated) package has
the same (or a similar) optional feature, should use a
name prefixed with pkgname-
If a group of related packages share an optional
feature specific to that group, prefix it with the name
of the “main”
package (e. g. djbware-errno-hack).
For new options, add a line to mk/defaults/options.description. Lines
have two fields, separated by tab. The first field is the
option name, the second its description. The description
should be a whole sentence (starting with an uppercase
letter and ending with a period) that describes what
enabling the option does. E. g. “Enable ispell support.” The file is
sorted by option names.
Table of Contents
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Program location
- 14.3. Directories used during the build process
- 14.4. Running a phase
- 14.5. The fetch phase
- 14.6. The checksum phase
- 14.7. The extract phase
- 14.8. The patch phase
- 14.9. The tools phase
- 14.10. The wrapper phase
- 14.11. The configure phase
- 14.12. The build phase
- 14.13. The test phase
- 14.14. The install phase
- 14.15. The package phase
- 14.16. Other helpful targets
This chapter gives a detailed description on how a
package is built. Building a package is separated into
different phases
(for example fetch,
build, install), all of which are described in
the following sections. Each phase is splitted into
so-called stages,
which take the name of the containing stage, prefixed by
one of pre-, do- or post-. (Examples are pre-configure, post-build.) Most of the actual work is
done in the do-* stages.
The basic steps for building a program are always the
same. First the program's source (distfile) must be brought to
the local system and then extracted. After any patches to
compile properly on NetBSD are applied, the software can
be configured, then built (usually by compiling), and
finally the generated binaries, etc. can be put into
place on the system. These are exactly the steps
performed by the NetBSD package system, which is
implemented as a series of targets in a central Makefile,
pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk.
Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the next section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed, and which variables influence this.
The automatic variable PREFIX indicates where all files of the
final program shall be installed. It is usually set to
LOCALBASE (/usr/pkg), or CROSSBASE for pkgs in the
“cross” category.
The value of PREFIX needs to
be put into the various places in the program's source
where paths to these files are encoded. See Section 8.3,
“patches/*” and Section 15.3.1,
“Shared libraries - libtool” for more
details.
When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules:
-
PREFIXalways points to the location where the current pkg will be installed. When referring to a pkg's own installation path, use “${PREFIX}”. -
LOCALBASEis where all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to find includes and libraries installed by another non-X11 pkg, use “${LOCALBASE}”. -
X11BASEis where the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc, etc.) is installed. When looking for standard X11 includes (not those installed by a pkg), use “${X11BASE}”. -
X11-based packages are special in that they may be installed in either
X11BASEorLOCALBASE.Usually, X11 packages should be installed under
LOCALBASEwhenever possible. Note that you will need to include../../mk/x11.buildlink3.mkin them to request the presence of X11 and to get the right compilation flags.Even though, there are some packages that cannot be installed under
LOCALBASE: those that come with app-defaults files. These packages are special and they must be placed underX11BASE. To accomplish this, set eitherUSE_X11BASEorUSE_IMAKEin your package.Some notes: If you need to find includes or libraries installed by a pkg that has
USE_IMAKEorUSE_X11BASEin its pkgMakefile, you need to look in both${X11BASE}and${LOCALBASE}. To force installation of all X11 packages inLOCALBASE, thepkgtools/xpkgwedgepackage is enabled by default. -
X11PREFIXshould be used to refer to the installed location of an X11 package.X11PREFIXwill be set toX11BASEif xpkgwedge is not installed, and toLOCALBASEif xpkgwedge is installed. -
If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to have some packages installed in
X11BASEand some inLOCALBASE. To determine the prefix of an installed package, theEVAL_PREFIXdefinition can be used. It takes pairs in the format “DIRNAME=<package>”, and the make(1) variableDIRNAMEwill be set to the prefix of the installed package <package>, or “${X11PREFIX}” if the package is not installed.This is best illustrated by example.
The following lines are taken from
pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile:EVAL_PREFIX+= GTKDIR=gtk+ CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE} \ --with-gtk-prefix="${GTKDIR}" \ --enable-multibyteSpecific defaults can be defined for the packages evaluated using
EVAL_PREFIX, by using a definition of the form:GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE}where
GTKDIRcorresponds to the first definition in theEVAL_PREFIXpair. -
Within
${PREFIX}, packages should install files according to hier(7), with the exception that manual pages go into${PREFIX}/man, not${PREFIX}/share/man.
When building a package, a number of directories is used to store source files, temporary files, pkgsrc-internal files, and so on. These directories are explained here.
Some of the directory variables contain relative
pathnames. There are two common base directories for
these relative directories: PKGSRCDIR/PKGPATH is used for
directories that are pkgsrc-specific. WRKSRC is used for directories inside
the package itself. The permissions after each variable
indicate whether the variable may be changed by the
package Makefile.
PKGSRCDIR(read-only)-
This is an absolute pathname that points to the pkgsrc root directory. Generally, you don't need it.
PKGPATH(read-only)-
This is a pathname relative to
PKGSRCDIRthat points to the current package. WRKDIR(read-only)-
This is an absolute pathname pointing to the directory where all work takes place. This directory typically contains temporary directories used by the various pkgsrc frameworks, like buildlink or the wrappers.
WRKSRC(read-write)-
This is an absolute pathname pointing to the directory where the distfiles are extracted. It is usually a direct subdirectory of
WRKDIR, and often it's the only directory entry that isn't hidden.
You can run a particular phase by typing
make phase,
where phase is the
name of the phase. This will automatically run all phases
that are required for this phase. The default phase is
build, that is, when you run
make
without parameters in a package directory, the package
will be built, but not installed.
This will check if the file(s) given in the variables
DISTFILES and PATCHFILES (as defined in the package's
Makefile) are present on the local system in /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. If they are not
present, an attempt will be made to fetch them using
commands of the form:
${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS}
where ${site} varies through several possibilities in
turn: first, MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE is tried, then the
sites specified in either SITES_file if defined, else MASTER_SITES or PATCH_SITES, as applies, then finally
the value of MASTER_SITE_BACKUP. The order of all
except the first can be optionally sorted by the user,
via setting either MASTER_SORT_AWK or MASTER_SORT_REGEX.
After the distfile(s) are fetched, their checksum is generated and compared with the checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same distfile is used for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed, e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master distribution site or network lossage.
When the distfiles are present on the local system,
they need to be extracted, as they are usually in the
form of some compressed archive format, most commonly
.tar.gz.
If only some of the distfiles need to be uncompressed,
the files to be uncompressed should be put into
EXTRACT_ONLY.
If the distfiles are not in .tar.gz format, they can be extracted
by setting either EXTRACT_SUFX, or EXTRACT_CMD, EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS and EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS. In the former case,
pkgsrc knows how to extract a number of suffixes
(.tar.gz, .tgz, .tar.gz2, .tbz, .tar.Z, .tar, .shar.gz, .shar.bz2, .shar.Z, .shar, .Z, .bz2 and .gz; see the definition of the various
DECOMPRESS_CMD variables in
bsd.pkg.extract.mk for a complete
list). Here's an example on how to use the other
variables for a program that comes with a compressed
shell archive whose name ends in .msg.gz:
EXTRACT_SUFX= .msg.gz
EXTRACT_CMD= zcat
EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS=
EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS= |sh
After extraction, all the patches named by the
PATCHFILES, those present in
the patches subdirectory of the package as well as in
$LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH (e.g. /usr/local/patches/graphics/png) are
applied. Patchfiles ending in .Z or .gz are uncompressed before they are
applied, files ending in .orig or .rej are ignored. Any special options
to
patch(1) can be handed
in PATCH_DIST_ARGS. See
Section 8.3,
“patches/*” for more details.
By default patch(1) is given special args to make it fail if the patches apply with some lines of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that they apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is that patches that don't apply cleanly may end up being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe harm there.
Most pieces of software need information on the header files, system calls, and library routines which are available on the platform they run on. The process of determining this information is known as configuration, and is usually automated. In most cases, a script is supplied with the distfiles, and its invocation results in generation of header files, Makefiles, etc.
If the package contains a configure script, this can
be invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE to “yes”. If the configure script is a
GNU autoconf script, you should set GNU_CONFIGURE to “yes” instead. What happens in the
configure phase is
roughly:
.for d in ${CONFIGURE_DIRS}
cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${d} && env ${CONFIGURE_ENV} \
${CONFIGURE_SCRIPT} ${CONFIGURE_ARGS}
.endfor
CONFIGURE_DIRS (default:
“.”) is a list of
pathnames relative to WRKSRC. In each of these directories,
the configure script is run with the environment
CONFIGURE_ENV and arguments
CONFIGURE_ARGS. The
variables CONFIGURE_ENV,
CONFIGURE_SCRIPT (default:
“./configure”) and
CONFIGURE_ARGS may all be
changed by the package.
If the program uses an Imakefile for configuration, the
appropriate steps can be invoked by setting USE_IMAKE to “yes”. (If you only want the package
installed in ${X11PREFIX}
but xmkmf not being run, set USE_X11BASE instead.)
For building a package, a rough equivalent of the following code is executed.
.for d in ${BUILD_DIRS}
cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${d} && env ${MAKE_ENV} \
${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS} \
-f ${MAKEFILE} ${BUILD_TARGET}
.endfor
BUILD_DIRS (default:
“.”) is a list of
pathnames relative to WRKSRC. In each of these directories,
MAKE_PROGRAM is run with the
environment MAKE_ENV and
arguments BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS.
The variables MAKE_ENV,
BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS,
MAKEFILE and BUILD_TARGET may all be changed by the
package.
The default value of MAKE_PROGRAM is “gmake” if USE_TOOLS contains “gmake”, “make” otherwise. The default value
of MAKEFILE is
“Makefile”, and
BUILD_TARGET defaults to
“all”.
Once the build stage has completed, the final step is
to install the software in public directories, so users
can access the programs and files. As in the
build-target, $MAKE_PROGRAM
is invoked on $MAKEFILE
here, but with the $INSTALL_TARGET instead, the latter
defaulting to “install” (plus “install.man”, if USE_IMAKE is set).
- pre/post-*
-
For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two auxiliary targets exist with “pre-” and “post-” used as a prefix for the main target's name. These targets are invoked before and after the main target is called, allowing extra configuration or installation steps be performed from a package's Makefile, for example, which a program's configure script or install target omitted.
- do-*
-
Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there be no variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note that redefining the target itself instead of the do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-* targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not usually need to do this.
- reinstall
-
If you did a make install and you noticed some file was not installed properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will ignore the “already installed” flag.
- deinstall
-
This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory, effectively de-installing the package. The following variables can be used to tune the behaviour:
PKG_VERBOSE-
Add a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command.
DEINSTALLDEPENDS-
Remove all packages that require (depend on) the given package. This can be used to remove any packages that may have been pulled in by a given package, e.g. if make deinstall DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1 is done in
pkgsrc/x11/kde, this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by adding “-R” to the pkg_delete(1) command line.
- update
-
This target causes the current package to be updated to the latest version. The package and all depending packages first get de-installed, then current versions of the corresponding packages get compiled and installed. This is similar to manually noting which packages are currently installed, then performing a series of make deinstall and make install (or whatever
UPDATE_TARGETis set to) for these packages.You can use the “update” target to resume package updating in case a previous make update was interrupted for some reason. However, in this case, make sure you don't call make clean or otherwise remove the list of dependent packages in
WRKDIR. Otherwise, you lose the ability to automatically update the current package along with the dependent packages you have installed.Resuming an interrupted make update will only work as long as the package tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the packages to be updated has been changed, resuming make update will most certainly fail!
The following variables can be used either on the command line or in
/etc/mk.confto alter the behaviour of make update:UPDATE_TARGET-
Install target to recursively use for the updated package and the dependent packages. Defaults to
DEPENDS_TARGETif set, “install” otherwise for make update. e.g. make update UPDATE_TARGET=package NOCLEAN-
Don't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the work sources of the updated packages around for inspection or other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source tree (see the “clean-update” target below) or you may run into troubles with old source code still lying around on your next make or make update.
REINSTALL-
Deinstall each package before installing (making
DEPENDS_TARGET). This may be necessary if the “clean-update” target (see below) was called after interrupting a running make update. DEPENDS_TARGET-
Allows you to disable recursion and hardcode the target for packages. The default is “update” for the update target, facilitating a recursive update of prerequisite packages. Only set
DEPENDS_TARGETif you want to disable recursive updates. UseUPDATE_TARGETinstead to just set a specific target for each package to be installed during make update (see above).
- clean-update
-
Clean the source tree for all packages that would get updated if make update was called from the current directory. This target should not be used if the current package (or any of its depending packages) have already been de-installed (e.g., after calling make update) or you may lose some packages you intended to update. As a rule of thumb: only use this target before the first time you run make update and only if you have a dirty package tree (e.g., if you used
NOCLEAN).If you are unsure about whether your tree is clean, you can either perform a make clean at the top of the tree, or use the following sequence of commands from the directory of the package you want to update (before running make update for the first time, otherwise you lose all the packages you wanted to update!):
#make clean-update#make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES#make updateThe following variables can be used either on the command line or in
/etc/mk.confto alter the behaviour of make clean-update:CLEAR_DIRLIST-
After make clean, do not reconstruct the list of directories to update for this package. Only use this if make update successfully installed all packages you wanted to update. Normally, this is done automatically on make update, but may have been suppressed by the
NOCLEANvariable (see above).
- info
-
This target invokes pkg_info(1) for the current package. You can use this to check which version of a package is installed.
- readme
-
This target generates a
README.htmlfile, which can be viewed using a browser such aswww/mozillaorwww/links. The generated files contain references to any packages which are in thePACKAGESdirectory on the local host. The generated files can be made to refer to URLs based onFTP_PKG_URL_HOSTandFTP_PKG_URL_DIR. For example, if I wanted to generateREADME.htmlfiles which pointed to binary packages on the local machine, in the directory/usr/packages, setFTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhostandFTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages. The${PACKAGES}directory and its subdirectories will be searched for all the binary packages. - readme-all
-
Use this target to create a file
README-all.htmlwhich contains a list of all packages currently available in the NetBSD Packages Collection, together with the category they belong to and a short description. This file is compiled from thepkgsrc/*/README.htmlfiles, so be sure to run this after a make readme. - cdrom-readme
-
This is very much the same as the “readme” target (see above), but is to be used when generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM. This target also produces
README.htmlfiles, and can be made to refer to URLs based onCDROM_PKG_URL_HOSTandCDROM_PKG_URL_DIR. - show-distfiles
-
This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles are needed to build the package. (
DISTFILESandPATCHFILES, but notpatches/*) - show-downlevel
-
This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version of this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can be used to show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so the old versions can be deleted, and the current ones added.
- show-pkgsrc-dir
-
This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory as the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended to be used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the “show-host-specific-pkgs” target.
- show-installed-depends
-
This target shows which installed packages match the current package's
DEPENDS. Useful if out of date dependencies are causing build problems. - check-shlibs
-
After a package is installed, check all its binaries and (on ELF platforms) shared libraries to see if they find the shared libs they need. Run by default if
PKG_DEVELOPERis set in/etc/mk.conf. - print-PLIST
-
After a “make install” from a new or upgraded pkg, this prints out an attempt to generate a new
PLISTfrom a find -newer work/.extract_done. An attempt is made to care for shared libs etc., but it is strongly recommended to review the result before putting it intoPLIST. On upgrades, it's useful to diff the output of this command against an already existingPLISTfile.If the package installs files via tar(1) or other methods that don't update file access times, be sure to add these files manually to your
PLIST, as the “find -newer” command used by this target won't catch them!See Section 10.3, “Tweaking output of make print-PLIST” for more information on this target.
- bulk-package
-
Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary package already exists, no action is taken. If not, this target will compile, install and package it (and its depends, if
PKG_DEPENDSis set properly. See Section 6.3.1, “Configuration”). After creating the binary package, the sources, the just-installed package and its required packages are removed, preserving free disk space.Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
- bulk-install
-
Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an up-to-date binary package is available, it will be installed via pkg_add(1). If not, make bulk-package will be executed, but the installed binary won't be removed.
A binary package is considered “up-to-date” to be installed via pkg_add(1) if:
-
None of the package's files (
Makefile, ...) were modified since it was built. -
None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since it was built.
Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
-
Table of Contents
- 15.1. General operation
-
- 15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
- 15.1.2. Where to install documentation
- 15.1.3. Restricted packages
- 15.1.4. Handling dependencies
- 15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
- 15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
- 15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 15.1.11. Portability of packages
- 15.2. Possible downloading issues
- 15.3. Configuration gotchas
- 15.4. Building the package
- 15.5. Package specific actions
-
- 15.5.1. User interaction
- 15.5.2. Handling licenses
- 15.5.3. Installing score files
- 15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
- 15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 15.5.7. Packages installing info files
- 15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
- 15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 15.5.14. Packages using intltool
- 15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts
- 15.6. Feedback to the author
The problem with package-defined variables that can
be overridden via MAKECONF
or /etc/mk.conf is that
make(1) expands a
variable as it is used, but evaluates preprocessor-like
statements (.if, .ifdef and .ifndef) as they are read.
So, to use any variable (which may be set in
/etc/mk.conf) in one of the
.if* statements, the file /etc/mk.conf must be included before
that .if* statement.
Rather than having a number of ad-hoc ways of
including /etc/mk.conf, should it exist, or
MAKECONF, should it exist,
include the pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk file in the
package Makefile before any preprocessor-like .if,
.ifdef, or .ifndef statements:
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"
.if defined(USE_MENUS)
# ...
.endif
If you wish to set the CFLAGS variable in /etc/mk.conf, please make sure to
use:
CFLAGS+= -your -flags
Using CFLAGS= (i.e.
without the “+”)
may lead to problems with packages that need to add
their own flags. Also, you may want to take a look at
the devel/cpuflags package if you're
interested in optimization for the current CPU.
Documentation should be installed into ${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGBASE} or
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGNAME}
(the latter includes the version number of the
package).
Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. In order to satisfy these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables that can be set to note these restrictions:
-
RESTRICTEDThis variable should be set whenever a restriction exists (regardless of its kind). Set this variable to a string containing the reason for the restriction.
-
NO_BIN_ON_CDROMBinaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}whenever a binary package may not be included on a CD-ROM. -
NO_BIN_ON_FTPBinaries may not be placed on an FTP server. Set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}whenever a binary package may not not be made available on the Internet. -
NO_SRC_ON_CDROMDistfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}if re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) is not allowed on CD-ROMs. -
NO_SRC_ON_FTPDistfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}if re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) via the Internet is not allowed.
Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE, IGNORE, NO_CDROM, or other generic make
variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because
they unconditionally prevent users from generating
binary packages!
Your package may depend on some other package being
present - and there are various ways of expressing this
dependency. pkgsrc supports the BUILD_DEPENDS and DEPENDS definitions, the USE_TOOLS definition, as well as
dependencies via buildlink3.mk, which is the preferred
way to handle dependencies, and which uses the
variables named above. See Chapter 11,
Buildlink methodology for more
information.
The basic difference between the two variables is as
follows: The DEPENDS
definition registers that pre-requisite in the binary
package so it will be pulled in when the binary package
is later installed, whilst the BUILD_DEPENDS definition does not,
marking a dependency that is only needed for building
the package.
This means that if you only need a package present
whilst you are building, it should be noted as a
BUILD_DEPENDS.
The format for a BUILD_DEPENDS and a DEPENDS definition is:
<pre-req-package-name>:../../<category>/<pre-req-package>
Please note that the “pre-req-package-name” may include any of the wildcard version numbers recognized by pkg_info(1).
-
If your package needs another package's binaries or libraries to build or run, and if that package has a
buildlink3.mkfile available, use it:.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
-
If your package needs to use another package to build itself and there is no
buildlink3.mkfile available, use theBUILD_DEPENDSdefinition:BUILD_DEPENDS+= autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf
-
If your package needs a library with which to link and again there is no
buildlink3.mkfile available, this is specified using theDEPENDSdefinition. An example of this is theprint/lyxpackage, which uses the xpm library, version 3.4j to build:DEPENDS+= xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm
You can also use wildcards in package dependences:
DEPENDS+= xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm
Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating binary packages. The dependency is checked when installing the binary package and any package which matches the pattern will be used. Wildcard dependencies should be used with care.
The “-[0-9]*” should be used instead of “-*” to avoid potentially ambiguous matches such as “tk-postgresql” matching a “tk-*”
DEPENDS.Wildcards can also be used to specify that a package will only build against a certain minimum version of a pre-requisite:
DEPENDS+= tiff>=3.5.4:../../graphics/tiff
This means that the package will build against version 3.5.4 of the tiff library or newer. Such a dependency may be warranted if, for example, the API of the library has changed with version 3.5.4 and a package would not compile against an earlier version of tiff.
Please note that such dependencies should only be updated if a package requires a newer pre-requisite, but not to denote recommendations such as security updates or ABI changes that do not prevent a package from building correctly. Such recommendations can be expressed using
RECOMMENDED:RECOMMENDED+= tiff>=3.6.1:../../graphics/tiff
In addition to the above
DEPENDSline, this denotes that while a package will build against tiff>=3.5.4, at least version 3.6.1 is recommended.RECOMMENDEDentries will be turned into dependencies unless explicitly ignored (in which case a warning will be printed).To ignore these dependency recommendations and just use the required
DEPENDS, setIGNORE_RECOMMENDED=YES. This may make it easier and faster to update packages built using pkgsrc, since older compatible dependencies can continue to be used. This is useful for people who watch their rebuilds very carefully; it is not very good as a general-purpose hammer. If you use it, you need to be mindful of possible ABI changes, including those from the underlying OS.Packages that are built with recommendations ignored may not be uploaded to ftp.NetBSD.org by developers and should not be used across different systems that may have different versions of binary packages installed.
For security fixes, please update the package vulnerabilities file as well as setting
RECOMMENDED, see Section 15.1.8, “Handling packages with security problems” for more information. -
If your package needs some executable to be able to run correctly and if there's no
buildlink3.mkfile, this is specified using theDEPENDSvariable. Theprint/lyxpackage needs to be able to execute the latex binary from the teTeX package when it runs, and that is specified:DEPENDS+= teTeX-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX
The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph applies here, too.
If your package needs files from another package to
build, see the first part of the “do-configure” target print/ghostscript5 package (it
relies on the jpeg sources being present in source form
during the build):
if [ ! -e ${_PKGSRCDIR}/graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6b ]; then \
cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} extract; \
fi
If you build any other packages that way, please make sure the working files are deleted too when this package's working files are cleaned up. The easiest way to do so is by adding a pre-clean target:
pre-clean:
cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} clean
Please also note the BUILD_USES_MSGFMT and BUILD_USES_GETTEXT_M4 definitions,
which are provided as convenience definitions. The
former works out whether
msgfmt(1) is part of
the base system, and, if it isn't, installs the
devel/gettext package. The latter
adds a build dependency on either an installed version
of an older gettext package, or if it isn't, installs
the devel/gettext-m4 package.
Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of files like another package in our pkgsrc tree.
In this case you can set CONFLICTS to a space-separated list of
packages (including version string) your package
conflicts with.
For example, x11/Xaw3d and x11/Xaw-Xpm install the same
shared library, thus you set in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile:
CONFLICTS= Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*
and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile:
CONFLICTS= Xaw3d-[0-9]*
Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix and a different version string. “Xaw3d-1.5” e.g. will automatically conflict with the older version “Xaw3d-1.3”.
There are several reasons why a package might be
instructed to not build under certain circumstances. If
the package builds and runs on most platforms, the
exceptions should be noted with NOT_FOR_PLATFORM. If the package
builds and runs on a small handful of platforms, set
ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM instead.
Both ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM and
NOT_FOR_PLATFORM are OS
triples (OS-version-platform) that can use glob-style
wildcards.
If the package should be skipped (for example,
because it provides functionality already provided by
the system), set PKG_SKIP_REASON to a descriptive
message. If the package should fail because some
preconditions are not met, set PKG_FAIL_REASON to a descriptive
message.
To ensure that a package may not be deleted, once it
has been installed, the PKG_PRESERVE definition should be set
in the package Makefile. This will be carried into any
binary package that is made from this pkgsrc entry. A
“preserved”
package will not be deleted using
pkg_delete(1) unless
the “-f” option
is used.
When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted
in localsrc/security/advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities,
and after committing that file, use
make
upload in the same directory to update
the file on ftp.NetBSD.org.
After fixing the vulnerability by a patch, its
PKGREVISION should be
increased (this is of course not necessary if the
problem is fixed by using a newer release of the
software). In addition, if a buildlink3.mk file exists for an
affected package, a corresponding BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED. entry should
be added or updated in it.pkg
Also, if the fix should be applied to the stable pkgsrc branch, be sure to submit a pullup request!
Binary packages already on ftp.NetBSD.org will be handled semi-automatically by a weekly cron job.
Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler, based on combinations of compiler version and architecture and almost always relation to optimisation being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors or never finishing compiling a file.
Typically, a workaround involves testing the
MACHINE_ARCH and compiler
version, disabling optimisation for that
file/MACHINE_ARCH/compiler
combination, and documenting it in pkgsrc/doc/HACKS. See that file for a
number of examples!
When making fixes to an existing package it can be
useful to change the version number in PKGNAME. To avoid conflicting with
future versions by the original author, a
“nb1”,
“nb2”, ...
suffix can be used on package versions by setting
PKGREVISION=1 (2, ...).
The “nb” is
treated like a “.” by the pkg tools. e.g.
DISTNAME= foo-17.42
PKGREVISION= 9
will result in a PKGNAME of “foo-17.42nb9”.
When a new release of the package is released, the
PKGREVISION should be
removed, e.g. on a new minor release of the above
package, things should be like:
DISTNAME= foo-17.43
One appealing feature of pkgsrc is that it runs on many different platforms. As a result, it is important to ensure, where possible, that packages in pkgsrc are portable. There are some particular details you should pay attention to while working on pkgsrc.
If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can
set DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES
and a make
fetch will call files/getsite.sh with the name of
each file to download as an argument, expecting it to
output the URL of the directory from which to download
it. graphics/ns-cult3d is an example
of this usage.
If the download can't be automated, because the user
must submit personal information to apply for a
password, or must pay for the source, or whatever, you
can set _FETCH_MESSAGE to
a macro which displays a message explaining the
situation. _FETCH_MESSAGE
must be executable shell commands, not just a message.
(Generally, it executes ${ECHO}). As of this writing, the
following packages use this: cad/simian, devel/ipv6socket, emulators/vmware-module,
fonts/acroread-jpnfont, multimedia/realplayer, sysutils/storage-manager,
www/ap-aolserver, www/openacs. Try to be consistent
with them.
Sometimes authors of a software package make some
modifications after the software was released, and they
put up a new distfile without changing the package's
version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at
that time, the checksum will no longer match. The
contents of the new distfile should be compared against
the old one before changing anything, to make sure the
distfile was really updated on purpose, and that no
trojan horse or so crept in. Then, the correct way to
work around this is to set DIST_SUBDIR to a unique directory
name, usually based on PKGNAME_NOREV. In case this happens
more often, PKGNAME can be
used (thus including the nbX suffix) or a date stamp can be
appended, like ${PKGNAME_NOREV}-YYYYMMDD. Do not
forget regenerating the distinfo file after that, since it
contains the DIST_SUBDIR
path in the filenames. Furthermore, a mail to the
package's authors seems appropriate telling them that
changing distfiles after releases without changing the
file names is not good practice.
pkgsrc supports many different machines, with
different object formats like a.out and ELF, and
varying abilities to do shared library and dynamic
loading at all. To accompany this, varying commands and
options have to be passed to the compiler, linker, etc.
to get the Right Thing, which can be pretty annoying
especially if you don't have all the machines at your
hand to test things. The devel/libtool pkg can help here,
as it just “knows” how to build both static
and dynamic libraries from a set of source files, thus
being platform-independent.
Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in seven simple steps:
-
Add
USE_LIBTOOL=yesto the package Makefile. -
For library objects, use “${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile ${CC}” in place of “${CC}”. You could even add it to the definition of
CC, if only libraries are being built in a given Makefile. This one command will build both PIC and non-PIC library objects, so you need not have separate shared and non-shared library rules. -
For the linking of the library, remove any “ar”, “ranlib”, and “ld -Bshareable” commands, and instead use:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} \ -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minorNote that the library is changed to have a
.laextension, and the objects are changed to have a.loextension. ChangeOBJSas necessary. This automatically creates all of the.a,.so.major.minor, and ELF symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory. Be sure to include “-version-info”, especially when major and minor are zero, as libtool will otherwise strip off the shared library version.From the libtool manual:
So, libtool library versions are described by three integers: CURRENT The most recent interface number that this library implements. REVISION The implementation number of the CURRENT interface. AGE The difference between the newest and oldest interfaces that this library implements. In other words, the library implements all the interface numbers in the range from number `CURRENT - AGE' to `CURRENT'. If two libraries have identical CURRENT and AGE numbers, then the dynamic linker chooses the library with the greater REVISION number.The “-release” option will produce different results for a.out and ELF (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF library of the form “libfoo-release.so.x.y” will have a symlink of “libfoo.so.x.y” on an a.out platform. This is handled automatically.
The “-rpath argument” is the install directory of the library being built.
In the
PLIST, include only the.lafile, the other files will be added automatically. -
When linking shared object (
.so) files, i.e. files that are loaded via dlopen(3), NOT shared libraries, use “-module -avoid-version” to prevent them getting version tacked on.The
PLISTfile gets thefoo.soentry. -
When linking programs that depend on these libraries before they are installed, preface the cc(1) or ld(1) line with “${LIBTOOL} --mode=link”, and it will find the correct libraries (static or shared), but please be aware that libtool will not allow you to specify a relative path in -L (such as “-L../somelib”), because it expects you to change that argument to be the
.lafile. e.g.${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelibshould be changed to:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -osomeprog../somelib/somelib.laand it will do the right thing with the libraries.
-
When installing libraries, preface the install(1) or cp(1) command with “${LIBTOOL} --mode=install”, and change the library name to
.la. e.g.${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/libThis will install the static
.a, shared library, any needed symlinks, and run ldconfig(8). -
In your
PLIST, include only the.lafile (this is a change from previous behaviour).
Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes to
the package Makefile. This will override the package's
own libtool in most cases. For older libtool using
packages, libtool is made by ltconfig script during the
do-configure step; you can check the libtool script
location by doing make
configure; find work*/ -name
libtool.
LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE
specifies which libtool scripts, relative to
WRKSRC, to override. By
default, it is set to “libtool */libtool */*/libtool”. If
this does not match the location of the package's
libtool script(s), set it as appropriate.
If you do not need *.a static libraries built and
installed, then use SHLIBTOOL_OVERRIDE instead.
If your package makes use of the platform-independent library for loading dynamic shared objects, that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include devel/libltdl/buildlink3.mk.
Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the package may not work or build in some circumstances. Some of the more common errors are:
-
The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as a dependent library in an executable or library. This in itself isn't a problem if one of two things has been done:
-
The shared object is named correctly, i.e.
libfoo.la, notfoo.la -
The -dlopen option is used when linking an executable.
-
-
The use of libltdl without the correct calls to initialisation routines. The function lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro
LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLSincluded in executables.
If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be executed to regenerate the configure script and Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be executed in a pre-configure target.
For packages that need only autoconf:
AUTOCONF_REQD= 2.50 # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+= autoconf # use "autoconf213" for autoconf-2.13
...
pre-configure:
cd ${WRKSRC}; autoconf
...
and for packages that need automake and autoconf:
AUTOMAKE_REQD= 1.7.1 # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+= automake # use "automake14" for automake-1.4
...
pre-configure:
cd ${WRKSRC}; \
aclocal; autoheader; \
automake -a --foreign -i; autoconf
...
Packages which use GNU Automake will almost certainly require GNU Make.
There are times when the configure process makes
additional changes to the generated files, which then
causes the build process to try to re-execute the
automake sequence. This is prevented by touching
various files in the configure stage. If this causes
problems with your package you can set AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE=NO in the package
Makefile.
Sometimes you need to compile different code
depending on the target platform. The C preprocessor
has a set of predefined macros that can be queried by
using #ifdef FOO or
#if defined(FOO). Among
these macros are usually ones that describe the target
CPU and operating system. Depending of which of the
macros are defined, you can write code that uses
features unique to a specific platform. The best way to
handle these differences is to use the GNU autotools
(automake, autoconf, etc.) to check for specific
features (like the existence of a header file, a
function or a library).
If that is not possible you can use the predefined
macros below to configure your code to the platform it
runs on. Almost every operating system, hardware
architecture and compiler has its own macro. For
example, if the macros __GNUC__, __i386__ and __NetBSD__ are all defined, you know
that you are using NetBSD on an Intel CPU, and your
compiler is GCC.
To distinguish between 4.4 BSD-derived systems and the rest of the world, you should use the following code.
#include <sys/param.h>
#if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306)
/* your BSD-specific code goes here */
#else
/* non-BSD-specific code */
#endif
If this distinction is not fine enough, you can also use the following defines.
FreeBSD __FreeBSD__
DragonFly __DragonFly__
Linux linux, __linux, __linux__
NetBSD __NetBSD__
OpenBSD __OpenBSD__
Solaris sun, __sun (GCC and SunPro), __sun__ (only GCC)
Occasionally, packages require interaction from the user, and this can be in a number of ways:
-
help in fetching the distfiles
-
help to configure the package before it is built
-
help during the build process
-
help during the installation of a package
The INTERACTIVE_STAGE
definition is provided to notify the pkgsrc mechanism
of an interactive stage which will be needed, and this
should be set in the package's Makefile, e.g.:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build
Multiple interactive stages can be specified:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install
A package may be covered by a license which the user has or has not agreed to accept. For these cases, pkgsrc contains a mechanism to note that a package is covered by a particular license, and the package cannot be built unless the user has accepted the license. (Installation of binary packages are not currently subject to this mechanism.) Packages with licenses that are either Open Source according to the Open Source Initiative or Free according to the Free Software Foundation will not be marked with a license tag. Packages with licenses that have not been determined to meet either definition will be marked with a license tag referring to the license. This will prevent building unless pkgsrc is informed that the license is acceptable, and enables displaying the license.
The license tag mechanism is intended to address
copyright-related issues surrounding building,
installing and using a package, and not to address
redistribution issues (see RESTRICTED and NO_SRC_ON_FTP, etc.). However, the
above definition of licenses for which tags are not
needed implies that packages with redistribution
restrictions should have tags.
Denoting that a package is covered by a particular
license is done by placing the license in pkgsrc/licenses and setting the
LICENSE variable to a
string identifying the license, e.g. in graphics/xv:
LICENSE= xv-license
When trying to build, the user will get a notice that the package is covered by a license which has not been accepted:
%make===> xv-3.10anb9 has an unacceptable license: xv-license. ===> To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license". ===> To indicate acceptance, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf: ===> ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license *** Error code 1
The license can be viewed with make show-license, and if it
is considered appropriate, the line printed above can
be added to /etc/mk.conf to indicate acceptance
of the particular license:
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license
When adding a package with a new license, the
license text should be added to pkgsrc/licenses for displaying. A
list of known licenses can be seen in this directory as
well as by looking at the list of (commented out)
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES
variable settings in pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf.
The use of LICENSE=shareware, LICENSE=no-commercial-use, and similar
language is deprecated because it does not crisply
refer to a particular license text. Another problem
with such usage is that it does not enable a user to
denote acceptance of the license for a single package
without accepting the same license text for another
package. In particular, this can be inappropriate when
e.g. one accepts a particular license to indicate to
pkgsrc that a fee has been paid.
Certain packages, most of them in the games
category, install a score file that allows all users on
the system to record their highscores. In order for
this to work, the binaries need to be installed setgid
and the score files owned by the appropriate group
and/or owner (traditionally the "games" user/group).
The following variables, documented in more detail in
mk/defaults/mk.conf, control
this behaviour: SETGIDGAME, GAMEDATAMODE, GAMEGRP, GAMEMODE, GAMEOWN.
Note that per default, setgid installation of games
is disabled; setting SETGIDGAME=YES will set all the other
variables accordingly.
A package should therefor never hard code file
ownership or access permissions but rely on
INSTALL_GAME and
INSTALL_GAME_DATA to set
these correctly.
If your package contains interpreted perl scripts,
set REPLACE_PERL to ensure
that the proper interpreter path is set. REPLACE_PERL should contain a list of
scripts, relative to WRKSRC, that you want adjusted.
Your package may also contain scripts with hardcoded
paths to other interpreters besides (or as well as)
perl. To correct the full pathname to the script
interpreter, you need to set the following definitions
in your Makefile (we shall use
tclsh in
this example):
REPLACE_INTERPRETER+= tcl
_REPLACE.tcl.old= .*/bin/tclsh
_REPLACE.tcl.new= ${PREFIX}/bin/tclsh
_REPLACE_FILES.tcl= # list of tcl scripts which need to be fixed,
# relative to ${WRKSRC}, just as in REPLACE_PERL
Makefiles of packages providing perl5 modules should
include the Makefile fragment ../../lang/perl5/module.mk. It
provides a do-configure target for the
standard perl configuration for such modules as well as
various hooks to tune this configuration. See comments
in this file for details.
Perl5 modules will install into different places
depending on the version of perl used during the build
process. To address this, pkgsrc will append lines to
the PLIST corresponding to the files
listed in the installed .packlist file generated by most
perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining PERL5_PACKLIST to a space-separated
list of paths to packlist files, e.g.:
PERL5_PACKLIST= ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist
The variables PERL5_SITELIB, PERL5_SITEARCH, and PERL5_ARCHLIB represent the three
locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and
may be used by perl5 packages that don't have a
packlist. These three variables are also substituted
for in the PLIST.
Some packages install info files or use the “makeinfo” or “install-info” commands. Each of the info files:
-
is considered to be installed in the directory
${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}, -
is registered in the Info directory file
${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}/dir, -
and must be listed as a filename in the
INFO_FILESvariable in the package Makefile.
INFO_DIR defaults to
“info” and can
be overridden in the package Makefile. INSTALL and DEINSTALL scripts will be generated
to handle registration of the info files in the Info
directory file. The “install-info” command used for the
info files registration is either provided by the
system, or by a special purpose package automatically
added as dependency if needed.
A package which needs the “makeinfo” command at build time
must define the variable USE_MAKEINFO in its Makefile. If a
minimum version of the “makeinfo” command is needed it
should be noted with the TEXINFO_REQD variable in the package
Makefile. By default, a minimum
version of 3.12 is required. If the system does not
provide a makeinfo command or if it
does not match the required minimum, a build dependency
on the devel/gtexinfo package will be
added automatically.
The build and installation process of the software
provided by the package should not use the
install-info command as the
registration of info files is the task of the package
INSTALL script, and it must use
the appropriate makeinfo command.
To achieve this goal, the pkgsrc infrastructure
creates overriding scripts for the install-info and
makeinfo
commands in a directory listed early in PATH.
The script overriding install-info has no effect
except the logging of a message. The script overriding
makeinfo
logs a message and according to the value of
USE_MAKEINFO and
TEXINFO_REQD either run
the appropriate makeinfo command or exit on
error.
If a package installs .schemas or .entries files, used by GConf2, you
need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
registered in the database:
-
Include
../../devel/GConf2/schemas.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the GConf2 database at installation and deinstallation time, and tells the package where to install GConf2 data files using some standard configure arguments. It also disallows any access to the database directly from the package. -
Ensure that the package installs its
.schemasfiles under${PREFIX}/share/gconf/schemas. If they get installed under${PREFIX}/etc, you will need to manually patch the package. -
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the etc/gconf directory, as they will be handled automatically. See Section 7.14, “How do I change the location of configuration files?” for more information.
-
Define the
GCONF2_SCHEMASvariable in yourMakefilewith a list of all.schemasfiles installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any directories in them. -
Define the
GCONF2_ENTRIESvariable in yourMakefilewith a list of all.entriesfiles installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any directories in them.
If a package installs .omf files, used by scrollkeeper, you
need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
registered in the database:
-
Include
../../textproc/scrollkeeper/omf.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the scrollkeeper database at installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any access to it directly from the package. -
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the
libdata/scrollkeeperdirectory, as they will be handled automatically. -
Remove the
share/omfdirectory from the PLIST. It will be handled by scrollkeeper.
If a package installs font files, you will need to
rebuild the fonts database in the directory where they
get installed at installation and deinstallation time.
This can be automatically done by using mk/fonts.mk, which you need to
include in your Makefile.
When the file is included, you can list the
directories where fonts are installed in the
FONTS_
variables, where type_DIRStype can be one of
“TTF”,
“TYPE1” or
“X11”. Also make
sure that the database file fonts.dir is not listed in the
PLIST.
Note that you should not create new directories for fonts; instead use the standard ones to avoid that the user needs to manually configure his X server to find them.
If a package installs GTK2 immodules or loaders, you need to take some extra steps to get them registered in the GTK2 database properly:
-
Include
../../x11/gtk2/modules.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the database at installation and deinstallation time. -
Set
GTK2_IMMODULES=YESif your package installs GTK2 immodules. -
Set
GTK2_LOADERS=YESif your package installs GTK2 loaders. -
Patch the package to not touch any of the GTK2 databases directly. These are:
-
libdata/gtk-2.0/gdk-pixbuf.loaders -
libdata/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules
-
-
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the
libdata/gtk-2.0directory, as they will be handled automatically.
If a package installs SGML or XML data files that need to be registered in system-wide catalogs (like DTDs, sub-catalogs, etc.), you need to take some extra steps:
-
Include
../../textproc/xmlcatmgr/catalogs.mkin yourMakefile, which takes care of registering those files in system-wide catalogs at installation and deinstallation time. -
Set
SGML_CATALOGSto the full path of any SGML catalogs installed by the package. -
Set
XML_CATALOGSto the full path of any XML catalogs installed by the package. -
Set
SGML_ENTRIESto individual entries to be added to the SGML catalog. These come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note that you will normally not use this variable. -
Set
XML_ENTRIESto individual entries to be added to the XML catalog. These come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note that you will normally not use this variable.
If a package provides extensions to the MIME
database by installing .xml files inside ${PREFIX}/share/mime/packages, you
need to take some extra steps to ensure that the
database is kept consistent with respect to these new
files:
-
Include
../../databases/shared-mime-info/mimedb.mk(avoid using thebuildlink3.mkfile from this same directory, which is reserved for inclusion from otherbuildlink3.mkfiles). It takes care of rebuilding the MIME database at installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any access to it directly from the package. -
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the
share/mimedirectory, except for files saved undershare/mime/packages. The former are handled automatically by the update-mime-database program, but the latter are package-dependent and must be removed by the package that installed them in the first place. -
Remove any
share/mime/*directories from the PLIST. They will be handled by the shared-mime-info package.
If a package uses intltool during its build, include
the ../../textproc/intltool/buildlink3.mk
file, which forces it to use the intltool package
provided by pkgsrc, instead of the one bundled with the
distribution file.
This tracks intltool's build-time dependencies and uses the latest available version; this way, the package benefits of any bug fixes that may have appeared since it was released.
If a package contains a rc.d script, it won't be
copied into the startup directory by default, but you
can enable it, by adding the option PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS=YES in /etc/mk.conf. This option will copy
the scripts into /etc/rc.d when a package is
installed, and it will automatically remove the scripts
when the package is deinstalled.
If you have found any bugs in the package you make available, if you had to do special steps to make it run under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software in various other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the original author of the program! With that kind of support, the next release of the program can incorporate these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages system can win from your efforts.
Support the idea of free software!
To check out all the gotchas when building a package, here are the steps that I do in order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the same as what was explained in the previous sections, only with some debugging aids.
-
Be sure to set
PKG_DEVELOPER=1in/etc/mk.conf -
Install
pkgtools/url2pkg, create a directory for a new package, change into it, then run url2pkg:%mkdir /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg%cd /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg%url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz -
Edit the
Makefileas requested. -
Fill in the
DESCRfile -
Run make configure
-
Add any dependencies glimpsed from documentation and the configure step to the package's
Makefile. -
Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds of
%make%pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile%mkpatches%patchdiff%mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches%make mps%make cleanDoing as non-root user will ensure that no files are modified that shouldn't be, especially during the build phase. mkpatches, patchdiff and pkgvi are from the
pkgtools/pkgdiffpackage. -
Look at the
Makefile, fix if necessary; see Section 8.1, “Makefile”. -
Generate a
PLIST:#make install#make print-PLIST >PLIST#make deinstall#make install#make deinstallYou usually need to be
rootto do this. Look if there are any files left:#make print-PLISTIf this reveals any files that are missing in
PLIST, add them. -
Now that the
PLISTis OK, install the package again and make a binary package:#make reinstall#make package -
Delete the installed package:
#pkg_delete blub -
Repeat the above make print-PLIST command, which shouldn't find anything now:
#make print-PLIST -
Reinstall the binary package:
#pkgadd .../blub.tgz -
Play with it. Make sure everything works.
-
Run pkglint from
pkgtools/pkglint, and fix the problems it reports:#pkglint -
Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see Chapter 17, Submitting and Committing.
Table of Contents
You have to separate between binary and “normal” (source) packages here:
-
precompiled binary packages
Our policy is that we accept binaries only from pkgsrc developers to guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is not to annoy anyone but rather to protect our users! You're still free to put up your home-made binary packages and tell the world where to get them. NetBSD developers doing bulk builds and wanting to upload them please see Section 6.3.8, “Uploading results of a bulk build”.
-
packages
First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see Chapter 16, Debugging and the rest of this document. Next, generate an uuencoded gzipped tar(1) archive, preferably with all files in a single directory. Finally, send-pr with category “pkg”, a synopsis which includes the package name and version number, a short description of your package (contents of the COMMENT variable or DESCR file are OK) and attach the archive to your PR.
If you want to submit several packages, please send a separate PR for each one, it's easier for us to track things that way.
Alternatively, you can also import new packages into pkgsrc-wip (“pkgsrc work-in-progress”); see the homepage at http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/ for details.
Please note all package additions, updates, moves, and
removals in pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES. It's very important
to keep this file up to date and conforming to the
existing format, because it will be used by scripts to
automatically update pages on www.NetBSD.org
and other sites. Additionally, check the pkgsrc/doc/TODO file and remove the
entry for the package you updated or removed, in case it
was mentioned there.
There is a make target that helps in creating proper
CHANGES entries:
make
changes-entry. It uses the optional
CTYPE and NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME variables. The general
usage is to first make sure that your CHANGES file is up-to-date (to avoid
having to resolve conflicts later-on) and then to
cd to the
package directory. For package updates,
make
changes-entry is enough. For new
packages, or package moves or removals, set the
CTYPE variable on the
command line to "Added", "Moved", or "Removed". You can
set NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME in
/etc/mk.conf if your local login
name is not the same as your NetBSD login name. Don't
forget to commit the changes to pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES!
This section is only of interest for pkgsrc developers with write access to the pkgsrc repository. Please remember that cvs imports files relative to the current working directory, and that the pathname that you give the cvs import command is so that it knows where to place the files in the repository. Newly created packages should be imported with a vendor tag of “TNF” and a release tag of “pkgsrc-base”, e.g:
$cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname$cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname TNF pkgsrc-base
Remember to move the directory from which you imported
out of the way, or cvs will complain the next time you
“cvs update” your
source tree. Also don't forget to add the new package to
the category's Makefile.
The commit message of the initial import should
include part of the DESCR file, so people reading the
mailing lists know what the package is/does.
For new packages, “cvs import” is preferred to “cvs add” because the former gets everything with a single command, and provides a consistent tag.
Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant summary of the changes between old and new versions into the commit log when updating a package. There are various reasons for this:
-
A URL is volatile, and can change over time. It may go away completely or its information may be overwritten by newer information.
-
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who use either cvs or anoncvs.
-
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing list, so that they can make tactical decisions about when to upgrade the package.
Please also recognize that, just because a new version of a package has been released, it should not automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We prefer to be conservative in the packages that are included in pkgsrc - development or beta packages are not really the best thing for most places in which pkgsrc is used. Please use your judgement about what should go into pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be preferred above new and possibly untested features.
-
Make a copy of the directory somewhere else.
-
Remove all CVS dirs.
Alternatively to the first two steps you can also do:
%cvs -d user@cvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/packageand use that for further work.
-
Fix
CATEGORIESand anyDEPENDSpaths that just did “../package” instead of “../../category/package”. -
cvs import the modified package in the new place.
-
Check if any package depends on it:
%cd /usr/pkgsrc%grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink* -
Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to new location.
-
cvs rm (-f) the package at the old location.
-
Remove from
oldcategory/Makefile. -
Add to
newcategory/Makefile. -
Commit the changed and removed files:
%cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile(and any packages from step 5, of course).
Table of Contents
We checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the packages collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have bison when Berkeley yacc is already present in the tree is beyond us, but it's useful for the purposes of this exercise.
# $NetBSD$
#
DISTNAME= bison-1.25
CATEGORIES= devel
MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
MAINTAINER= thorpej@NetBSD.org
HOMEPAGE= http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html
COMMENT= GNU yacc clone
GNU_CONFIGURE= yes
INFO_FILES= bison.info
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
GNU version of yacc. Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other
improvements. Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part
of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.
The NetBSD package system comes with pkgtools/pkglint which helps to
check the contents of these files. After installation it
is quite easy to use, just change to the directory of the
package you wish to examine and execute
pkglint:
$pkglintlooks fine.
Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see pkglint(1)), more verbose checks will be performed. Use e.g. pkglint -v for a very verbose check.
Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories:
#cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang#mkdir bison#cd bison#mkdir patches
Create Makefile, DESCR and PLIST (see
Chapter 8, Package components - files, directories and
contents) then continue with fetching the
distfile:
#make fetch>> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//. Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//. Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//. Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) Successfully retrieved file.
Generate the checksum of the distfile into distinfo:
#make makesum
Now compile:
#make>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for bison-1.25 ===> Patching for bison-1.25 ===> Ignoring empty patch directory ===> Configuring for bison-1.25 creating cache ./config.cache checking for gcc... cc checking whether we are using GNU C... yes checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for minix/config.h... no checking for POSIXized ISC... no checking whether cross-compiling... no checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for working const... yes checking for working alloca.h... no checking for alloca... yes checking for strerror... yes updating cache ./config.cache creating ./config.status creating Makefile ===> Building for bison-1.25 cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g LR0.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g allocate.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g closure.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g conflicts.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g derives.c cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\" -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -g ./files.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getargs.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g gram.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lalr.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lex.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g main.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g nullable.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g output.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g print.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reader.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reduce.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g symtab.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g warshall.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g version.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt1.c cc -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o ./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp() rm -f bison.s1 sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1
Everything seems OK, so install the files:
#make install>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Installing for bison-1.25 sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1 rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info* install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy cd .; for f in bison.info*; do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 ===> Registering installation for bison-1.25
You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with pkg_delete bison. Should you decide that you want a binary package, do this now:
#make package>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Building package for bison-1.25 Creating package bison-1.25.tgz Registering depends:. Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up:
#make clean===> Cleaning for bison-1.25
Table of Contents
#make===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 => figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. => Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/. => [172219 bytes] Connected to ftp.plig.net. 220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready. 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. 230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed. 230- 230- ___ _ _ _ 230- | _| |_ ___ ___| |_|___ ___ ___ ___ 230- | _| _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . | _| . | 230- |_| |_| | _|_| _|_|_|_ |_|___|_| |_ | 230- |_| |_| |___| |___| 230- 230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org ** 230- 230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you 230-do not like this, please disconnect now. 230- 230-This arhive is available via 230- 230-HTTP: http://ftp.plig.org/ 230-FTP: ftp://ftp.plig.org/ (max 500 connections) 230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/ (max 30 connections) 230- 230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be 230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org. 230- 230- 230 Logged in anonymously. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. 200 Type okay. 250 "/pub" is new cwd. 250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd. 250- 250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org 250- 250- ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/ 250- 250-The official FIGlet web page is: 250- http://www.figlet.org/ 250- 250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to 250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us. 250 250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd. 250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd. local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz 502 Unimplemented command. 227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104) 150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes). 38% |************** | 65800 64.16 KB/s 00:01 ETA 226 Transfer completed. 172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s) 221 Goodbye. => Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found ===> Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2 gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\" -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\" figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet chmod a+x figlet gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c => Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.##make install===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2 install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6 mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6 ===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2#
Layout for precompiled binary packages on ftp.NetBSD.org:
/pub/NetBSD/packages/
distfiles/
# Unpacked pkgsrc trees
pkgsrc-current -> /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc
pkgsrc-2003Q4 -> N/A
pkgsrc-2004Q1/pkgsrc
# pkgsrc archives
pkgsrc-current.tar.gz -> ../NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
pkgsrc-2003Q4.tar.gz -> N/A
pkgsrc-2004Q1.tar.gz -> N/A
# Per pkgsrc-release/OS-release/arch package archives
pkgsrc-2003Q4/
NetBSD-1.6.2/
i386/
All/
archivers/
foo -> ../All/foo
...
pkgsrc-2004Q1/
NetBSD-1.6.2/
i386/
All/
...
NetBSD-2.0/
i386/
All/
...
SunOS-5.9/
sparc/
All/
...
x86/
All/
...
# Per os-release package archive convenience links
NetBSD-1.6.2 -> 1.6.2
1.6.2/
i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-1.6.2/i386
m68k/
All/
archivers/
foo -> ../All/foo
...
amiga -> m68k
atari -> m68k
...
2.0 -> NetBSD-2.0 # backward compat, historic
NetBSD-2.0/
i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-2.0/i386
SunOS-5.9/
sparc -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/sparc
x86 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/x86
To create:
-
Run bulk build, see Section 6.3, “Doing a bulk build of all packages”
-
Upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\ pkgsrc-2004Q4/\ # pkgsrc-branch `uname -s`-`uname -r`/\ # OS & version `uname -p` # architecture -
If necessary, create a symlink ln -s `uname -m` `uname -p` (amiga -> m68k, ...)
Table of Contents
This section contains information on editing the pkgsrc guide itself.
The pkgsrc guide's source code is stored in pkgsrc/doc/guide/files, and several files
are created from it:
-
pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt -
pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.html -
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/: the documentation on the NetBSD website will be built from pkgsrc and kept up to date on the web server itself. This means you must make sure that your changes haven't broken the build! -
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.pdf: PDF version of the pkgsrc guide. -
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.ps: PostScript version of the pkgsrc guide.
The procedure to edit the pkgsrc guide is:
-
Make sure you have the packages needed to re-generate the pkgsrc guide (and other XML-based NetBSD documentation) installed. These are “netbsd-doc” for creating the ASCII and HTML versions, and “netbsd-doc-print” for the PostScript and PDF versions. You will need both packages installed, to make sure documentation is consistent across all formats. The packages can be found in
pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-docandpkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc-print. -
Edit the XML file(s) in
pkgsrc/doc/guide/files. -
Run make extract && make do-lint in
pkgsrc/doc/guideto check the XML syntax, and fix it if needed. -
Run make in
pkgsrc/doc/guideto build the HTML and ASCII version. -
If all is well, run make install-doc to put the generated files into
pkgsrc/doc. -
cvs commit pkgsrc/doc/guide/files
-
cvs commit -m re-generate pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.{html,txt}
-
Until the webserver on www.NetBSD.org is really updated automatically to pick up changes to the pkgsrc guide automatically, also run make install-htdocs HTDOCSDIR=../../../htdocs (or similar, adjust
HTDOCSDIR!). -
cvs commit htdocs/Documentation/pkgsrc