640 KiB
Documentation on the NetBSD packages system
Copyright © 1994-2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc
$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.26 2007/09/18 08:17:21 rillig Exp $
Abstract
pkgsrc is a centralized package management system for Unix-like operating systems. This guide provides information for users and developers of pkgsrc. It covers installation of binary and source packages, creation of binary and source packages and a high-level overview about the infrastructure.
Table of Contents
- 1. What is pkgsrc?
- I. The pkgsrc user's guide
- 2. Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date
- 3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD
- 4. Using pkgsrc
- 4.1. Using binary packages
- 4.1.1. Finding binary packages
- 4.1.2. Installing binary packages
- 4.1.3. Deinstalling packages
- 4.1.4. Getting information about installed packages
- 4.1.5. Checking for security vulnerabilities in installed packages
- 4.1.6. Finding if newer versions of your installed packages are in pkgsrc
- 4.1.7. Other administrative functions
- 4.1.8. A word of warning
- 4.2. Building packages from source
- 5. Configuring pkgsrc
- 6. Creating binary packages
- 7. Creating binary packages for everything in pkgsrc (bulk builds)
- 8. Directory layout of the installed files
- 9. Frequently Asked Questions
- 9.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 9.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 9.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 9.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 9.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 9.6. How can I install/use modular X.org from pkgsrc?
- 9.7. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 9.8. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 9.9. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 9.10. What does Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc mean?
- 9.11. What does Could not find bsd.own.mk mean?
- 9.12. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 9.13. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 9.14. Automated security checks
- 9.15. Why do some packages ignore my CFLAGS?
- 9.16. A package does not build. What shall I do?
- 9.17. What does Makefile appears to contain unresolved cvs/rcs/??? merge conflicts mean?
- II. The pkgsrc developer's guide
- 10. Creating a new pkgsrc package from scratch
- 11. Package components - files, directories and contents
- 12. Programming in Makefiles
- 13. PLIST issues
- 14. Buildlink methodology
- 15. The pkginstall framework
- 16. Options handling
- 17. The build process
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Program location
- 17.3. Directories used during the build process
- 17.4. Running a phase
- 17.5. The fetch phase
- 17.6. The checksum phase
- 17.7. The extract phase
- 17.8. The patch phase
- 17.9. The tools phase
- 17.10. The wrapper phase
- 17.11. The configure phase
- 17.12. The build phase
- 17.13. The test phase
- 17.14. The install phase
- 17.15. The package phase
- 17.16. Cleaning up
- 17.17. Other helpful targets
- 18. Tools needed for building or running
- 19. Making your package work
- 19.1. General operation
- 19.1.1. Portability of packages
- 19.1.2. How to pull in user-settable variables from ???
- 19.1.3. User interaction
- 19.1.4. Handling licenses
- 19.1.5. Restricted packages
- 19.1.6. Handling dependencies
- 19.1.7. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 19.1.8. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 19.1.9. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 19.1.10. Handling packages with security problems
- 19.1.11. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 19.1.12. Substituting variable text in the package files (the SUBST framework)
- 19.2. Fixing problems in the fetch phase
- 19.3. Fixing problems in the configure phase
- 19.4. Programming languages
- 19.5. Fixing problems in the build phase
- 19.6. Fixing problems in the install phase
- 19.6.1. Creating needed directories
- 19.6.2. Where to install documentation
- 19.6.3. Installing highscore files
- 19.6.4. Adding DESTDIR support to packages
- 19.6.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 19.6.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 19.6.7. Packages installing info files
- 19.6.8. Packages installing man pages
- 19.6.9. Packages installing GConf data files
- 19.6.10. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 19.6.11. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 19.6.12. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 19.6.13. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 19.6.14. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 19.6.15. Packages using intltool
- 19.6.16. Packages installing startup scripts
- 19.6.17. Packages installing TeX modules
- 19.6.18. Packages supporting running binaries in emulation
- 19.6.19. Packages installing hicolor theme icons
- 19.6.20. Packages installing desktop files
- 19.7. Marking packages as having problems
- 20. Debugging
- 21. Submitting and Committing
- 22. Frequently Asked Questions
- 23. GNOME packaging and porting
- III. The pkgsrc infrastructure internals
- 24. Design of the pkgsrc infrastructure
- 25. Regression tests
- 26. Porting pkgsrc
- A. A simple example package: bison
- B. Build logs
- C. Directory layout of the pkgsrc FTP server
- D. Editing guidelines for the pkgsrc guide
List of Tables
Table of Contents
There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, which is usually available in form of the source code. Before such software can be used, it needs to be configured to the local system, compiled and installed, and this is exactly what The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) does. pkgsrc also has some basic commands to handle binary packages, so that not every user has to build the packages for himself, which is a time-costly task.
pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages, including:
www/apache- The Apache web serverwww/firefox- The Firefox web browsermeta-pkgs/gnome- The GNOME Desktop Environmentmeta-pkgs/kde3- The K Desktop Environment
...just to name a few.
pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying dependencies, such as pthreads and X11, and extended features such as IPv6 support on a range of platforms.
pkgsrc provides the following key features:
Easy building of software from source as well as the creation and installation of binary packages. The source and latest patches are retrieved from a master or mirror download site, checksum verified, then built on your system. Support for binary-only distributions is available for both native platforms and NetBSD emulated platforms.
All packages are installed in a consistent directory tree, including binaries, libraries, man pages and other documentation.
Package dependencies, including when performing package updates, are handled automatically. The configuration files of various packages are handled automatically during updates, so local changes are preserved.
Like NetBSD, pkgsrc is designed with portability in mind and consists of highly portable code. This allows the greatest speed of development when porting to new a platform. This portability also ensures that pkgsrc is consistent across all platforms.
The installation prefix, acceptable software licenses, international encryption requirements and build-time options for a large number of packages are all set in a simple, central configuration file.
The entire source (not including the distribution files) is freely available under a BSD license, so you may extend and adapt pkgsrc to your needs. Support for local packages and patches is available right out of the box, so you can configure it specifically for your environment.
The following principles are basic to pkgsrc:
“It should only work if it's right.” — That means, if a package contains bugs, it's better to find them and to complain about them rather than to just install the package and hope that it works. There are numerous checks in pkgsrc that try to find such bugs: Static analysis tools (
pkgtools/pkglint), build-time checks (portability of shell scripts), and post-installation checks (installed files, references to shared libraries, script interpreters).“If it works, it should work everywhere” — Like NetBSD has been ported to many hardware architectures, pkgsrc has been ported to many operating systems. Care is taken that packages behave the same on all platforms.
pkgsrc consists of both a source distribution and a binary distribution for these operating systems. After retrieving the required source or binaries, you can be up and running with pkgsrc in just minutes!
pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and initially developed for NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has grown a lot, and now supports the following platforms:
This document is divided into three parts. The first, The pkgsrc user's guide, describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package, or by building one's own copy using the NetBSD package system. The second part, The pkgsrc developer's guide, explains how to prepare a package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without knowing about the package's building details. The third part, The pkgsrc infrastructure internals is intended for those who want to understand how pkgsrc is implemented.
This document is available in various formats: HTML, PDF, PS, TXT.
There has been a lot of talk about “ports”, “packages”, etc. so far. Here is a description of all the terminology used within this document.
- Package
A set of files and building instructions that describe what's necessary to build a certain piece of software using pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally stored under
/usr/pkgsrc.- The NetBSD package system
This is the former name of “pkgsrc”. It is part of the NetBSD operating system and can be bootstrapped to run on non-NetBSD operating systems as well. It handles building (compiling), installing, and removing of packages.
- Distfile
This term describes the file or files that are provided by the author of the piece of software to distribute his work. All the changes necessary to build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible, too. Distfiles are usually stored below
/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.- Port
This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD people for what we call a package. In NetBSD terminology, “port” refers to a different architecture.
- Precompiled/binary package
-
A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a distfile and stuffed together in a single
.tgzfile so it can be installed on machines of the same machine architecture without the need to recompile. Packages are usually generated in/usr/pkgsrc/packages; there is also an archive on ftp.NetBSD.org.Sometimes, this is referred to by the term “package” too, especially in the context of precompiled packages.
- Program
The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from all the files in the distfile by the actions defined in the corresponding package.
- pkgsrc users
-
The pkgsrc users are people who use the packages provided by pkgsrc. Typically they are system administrators. The people using the software that is inside the packages (maybe called “end users”) are not covered by the pkgsrc guide.
There are two kinds of pkgsrc users: Some only want to install pre-built binary packages. Others build the pkgsrc packages from source, either for installing them directly or for building binary packages themselves. For pkgsrc users Part I, “The pkgsrc user's guide” should provide all necessary documentation.
- package maintainers
A package maintainer creates packages as described in Part II, “The pkgsrc developer's guide”.
- infrastructure developers
These people are involved in all those files that live in the
mk/directory and below. Only these people should need to read through Part III, “The pkgsrc infrastructure internals”, though others might be curious, too.
Table of Contents
- 2. Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date
- 3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD
- 4. Using pkgsrc
- 4.1. Using binary packages
- 4.1.1. Finding binary packages
- 4.1.2. Installing binary packages
- 4.1.3. Deinstalling packages
- 4.1.4. Getting information about installed packages
- 4.1.5. Checking for security vulnerabilities in installed packages
- 4.1.6. Finding if newer versions of your installed packages are in pkgsrc
- 4.1.7. Other administrative functions
- 4.1.8. A word of warning
- 4.2. Building packages from source
- 5. Configuring pkgsrc
- 6. Creating binary packages
- 7. Creating binary packages for everything in pkgsrc (bulk builds)
- 8. Directory layout of the installed files
- 9. Frequently Asked Questions
- 9.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 9.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 9.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 9.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 9.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 9.6. How can I install/use modular X.org from pkgsrc?
- 9.7. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 9.8. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 9.9. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 9.10. What does Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc mean?
- 9.11. What does Could not find bsd.own.mk mean?
- 9.12. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 9.13. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 9.14. Automated security checks
- 9.15. Why do some packages ignore my CFLAGS?
- 9.16. A package does not build. What shall I do?
- 9.17. What does Makefile appears to contain unresolved cvs/rcs/??? merge conflicts mean?
Table of Contents
Before you download and extract the files, you need to decide
where you want to extract them. When using pkgsrc as root user, pkgsrc
is usually installed in /usr/pkgsrc. You are though
free to install the sources and binary packages wherever you want in
your filesystem, provided that the pathname does not contain white-space
or other characters that are interpreted specially by the shell and some
other programs. A safe bet is to use only letters, digits, underscores
and dashes.
Before you download any pkgsrc files, you should decide
whether you want the current branch or the
stable branch. The latter is forked on a
quarterly basis from the current branch and only gets modified
for security updates. The names of the stable branches are built
from the year and the quarter, for example
2007Q4.
The second step is to decide how you want to download pkgsrc. You can get it as a tar file, via SUP, or via CVS. All three ways are described here.
The primary download location for all pkgsrc files is ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/. There are a number of subdirectories for different purposes, which are described in detail in Appendix C, Directory layout of the pkgsrc FTP server.
The tar file for the current branch is in the directory
current and is called pkgsrc.tar.gz.
It is autogenerated daily.
The tar file for the stable branch 2007Q4 is in the
directory pkgsrc-2007Q4 and is also called pkgsrc-2007Q4.tar.gz.
To download a pkgsrc stable tarball, run:
$ftp ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc-200xQy/pkgsrc-200xQy.tar.gz
Where pkgsrc-200xQy is the
stable branch to be downloaded, for example,
“pkgsrc-2007Q4”.
Then, extract it with:
$tar -xzfpkgsrc-200xQy.tar.gz -C /usr
This will create the directory pkgsrc/
in /usr/ and all the package source will be
stored under /usr/pkgsrc/.
To download pkgsrc-current, run:
$ftp ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.gz
As an alternative to the tar file, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update Protocol, SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line
release=pkgsrc
in it, see the examples in
/usr/share/examples/supfiles, and that the
/usr/pkgsrc directory exists. Then, simply
run:
$sup -v./path/to/your/supfile
To do an initial (full) checkout of pkgsrc, you first have to set some environment variables. For the C-Shell, type:
%setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot%setenv CVS_RSH ssh
Or, the same for the bourne shell:
$export CVSROOT="anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot"$export CVS_RSH="ssh"
By default, CVS doesn't do things like most people would
expect it to do. But there is a
way to convince CVS, by creating a file called
.cvsrc in your home directory and saving
the following lines to it. This file will save you lots of
headache and some bug reports, so we strongly recommend it. You
can find an explanation of this file in the CVS
documentation.
# recommended CVS configuration file from the pkgsrc guide checkout -P update -dP release -d diff -upN cvs -q -z3 rdiff -u
To fetch a specific pkgsrc stable branch from scratch, run:
$cd /usr$cvs checkout -rpkgsrc-200xQy-P pkgsrc
Where pkgsrc-200xQy is the stable
branch to be checked out, for example, “pkgsrc-2007Q4”
This will create the directory pkgsrc/
in your /usr/ directory and all the package source
will be stored under /usr/pkgsrc/.
To fetch the pkgsrc current branch, run:
$cd /usr$cvs checkout -P pkgsrc
The preferred way to keep pkgsrc up-to-date is via CVS (which also works if you have first installed it via a tar file). It saves bandwidth and hard disk activity, compared to downloading the tar file again.
Warning
When updating from a tar file, you first need to completely remove the old pkgsrc directory. Otherwise those files that have been removed from pkgsrc in the mean time will not be removed on your local disk, resulting in inconsistencies. When removing the old files, any changes that you have done to the pkgsrc files will be lost after updating. Therefore updating via CVS is strongly recommended.
Note that by default the distfiles and the binary packages
are saved in the pkgsrc tree, so don't forget to rescue them
before updating. You can also configure pkgsrc to use other than
the default directories by setting the
DISTDIR and PACKAGES
variables. See Chapter 5, Configuring pkgsrc for the details.
To update pkgsrc from a tar file, download the tar file as explained above. Then, make sure that you have not made any changes to the files in the pkgsrc directory. Remove the pkgsrc directory and extract the new tar file. Done.
To update pkgsrc via CVS, make sure the environment
variable CVS_RSH is set as above. Then,
change to the pkgsrc directory and run cvs:
$cd /usr/pkgsrc$cvs update -dP
When updating pkgsrc, the CVS program keeps track of the branch you selected. But if you, for whatever reason, want to switch from the stable branch to the current one, you can do it by adding the option “-A” after the “update” keyword. To switch from the current branch back to the stable branch, add the “-rpkgsrc-2007Q4” option.
When you update pkgsrc, the CVS program will only touch those files that are registered in the CVS repository. That means that any packages that you created on your own will stay unmodified. If you change files that are managed by CVS, later updates will try to merge your changes with those that have been done by others. See the CVS manual, chapter “update” for details.
Table of Contents
Installing the bootstrap kit from source should be as simple as:
#env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc#cd pkgsrc/bootstrap#./bootstrap
See Chapter 2, Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date for other ways to get
pkgsrc before bootstrapping. The given
bootstrap command will use the defaults of
/usr/pkg for the
prefix where programs will be installed in,
and /var/db/pkg for the package database
directory where pkgsrc will do its internal bookkeeping.
However, these can also be set using command-line
arguments.
Note
The bootstrap installs a bmake tool. Use this bmake when building via pkgsrc. For examples in this guide, use bmake instead of “make”.
Here are some platform-specific notes you should be aware of.
Darwin 5.x and up are supported. There are two methods of using pkgsrc on Mac OS X, by using a disk image, or a UFS or HFSX partition.
Before you start, you will need to download and install the Mac OS X Developer Tools from Apple's Developer Connection. See http://developer.apple.com/macosx/ for details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X and the X11 SDK from http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/ if you intend to build packages that use the X11 Window System.
If you already have a UFS or HFSX partition, or have a spare partition that you can format as UFS or HFSX, it is recommended to use that instead of the disk image. It'll be somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot time, where you must manually mount a disk image.
Note
You cannot use an ordinary HFS+ file system for pkgsrc, because pkgsrc currently requires the file system to be case-sensitive. You can, however, use a case-sensitive HFS+ (aka HFSX) file system as found in Darwin 7.0 and newer.
Create the disk image:
#cd pkgsrc/bootstrap#./darwindiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 1024# megabytes - season to taste#./darwindiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD#sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD
Note
darwindiskimage will mount the filesystem nosuid, which will cause problems for packages that depend on setgid. In the case of UFS, it will also mount the filesystem asynchronous, which is somewhat dangerous according to the mount(8) man page. In the case of HFSX, it will disable journaling.
Allow suid:
#sudo mount -u -o suid /Volumes/NetBSD
Changing the build directory:
After bootstrapping you need to change the default package build directory to somewhere outside the disk image so it doesn't get filled up in the process of building packages. Add something like that to mk.conf.
WRKOBJDIR?= /tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc
By default, /usr will be on your root file
system, normally HFS+. It is possible to use the default
prefix of /usr/pkg
by symlinking /usr/pkg to a directory on a UFS
or HFSX file system. Obviously, another symlink is required if you want to
place the package database directory outside the
prefix. e.g.
#./bootstrap --pkgdbdir /usr/pkg/pkgdb
If you created your partitions at the time of installing Mac OS X
and formatted the target partition as UFS or HFSX, it should automatically
mount on /Volumes/<volume name> when the
machine boots. If you are (re)formatting a partition as UFS or HFSX, you need
to ensure that the partition map correctly reflects
“Apple_UFS” or “Apple_HFSX” and not “Apple_HFS”.
The problem is that none of the disk tools will let you touch a disk that is booted from. You can unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the partition type will be incorrect and the automounter won't mount it. It can be mounted manually, but it won't appear in Finder.
You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation (User) CD. When the Installation program starts, go up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now, you will be able to select the partition you want to be UFS or HFSX, and Format it Apple UFS or HFSX. Quit the Disk Utility, quit the installer which will reboot your machine. The new UFS or HFSX file system will appear in Finder.
Be aware that the permissions on the new file system will be writable by root only.
This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to earlier versions. Hopefully Apple will fix Disk Utility in 10.3 (Panther).
FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are supported, other versions may work.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the FreeBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g./usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.-
If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#cd /usr/sbin#mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig#mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig#mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig#mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig An example
mk.conffile will be placed in/etc/mk.conf.examplefile when you use the bootstrap script.
Interix is a POSIX-compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/.
Services for Unix 3.5 has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is lack of pthreads, but other parts of libc may also be lacking.)
Services for Unix Applications (aka SUA) is an integrated component of Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Vista. As of this writing, SUA's Interix 5.x subsystem has not yet been tested with pkgsrc.
At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:
Utilities -> Base Utilities
Interix GNU Components -> (all)
Remote Connectivity
Interix SDK
When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local, and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a binary package).
The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in order to have a working inetd.
During installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior for Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive. Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.)
NOTE: Newer Windows service packs change the way binary execution works (via the Data Execution Prevention feature). In order to use pkgsrc and other gcc-compiled binaries reliably, a hotfix containing POSIX.EXE, PSXDLL.DLL, PSXRUN.EXE, and PSXSS.EXE (899522 or newer) must be installed. Hotfixes are available from Microsoft through a support contract; however, Debian Interix Port has made most Interix hotfixes available for personal use from http://www.debian-interix.net/hotfixes/.
In addition to the hotfix noted above, it may be necessary to disable Data Execution Prevention entirely to make Interix functional. This may happen only with certain types of CPUs; the cause is not fully understood at this time. If gcc or other applications still segfault repeatedly after installing one of the hotfixes note above, the following option can be added to the appropriate "boot.ini" line on the Windows boot drive: /NoExecute=AlwaysOff (WARNING, this will disable DEP completely, which may be a security risk if applications are often run as a user in the Administrators group!)
If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with pkgsrc, note the following things.
To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or Remove, then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl.
-
To enable case-sensitivity for the file system, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel
Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot.
-
To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX
Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot.
The package manager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running "pkg_add") must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must also be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal pkgsrc requirement of "root".
The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will automatically complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories written in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable.
The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of binary package.
The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides adequate emulation in most cases:
interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi:
Though Interix suffices as a familiar and flexible substitute for a full Unix-like platform, it has some drawbacks that should be noted for those desiring to make the most of Interix.
-
X11:
Interix comes with the standard set of X11R6 client libraries, and can run X11 based applications, but it does not come with an X server. Some options are StarNet X-Win32, Hummingbird Exceed (available in a trimmed version for Interix from Interop Systems as the Interop X Server), and the free X11 server included with Cygwin.
-
X11 acceleration:
Because Interix runs in a completely different NT subsystem from Win32 applications, it does not currently support various X11 protocol extensions for acceleration (such as MIT-SHM or DGA). Most interactive applications to a local X server will run reasonably fast, but full motion video and other graphics intensive applications may require a faster-than-expected CPU.
-
Audio:
Interix has no native support for audio output. For audio support, pkgsrc uses the esound client/server audio system on Interix. Unlike on most platforms, the
audio/esoundpackage does not contain the esd server component. To output audio via an Interix host, theemulators/cygwin_esoundpackage must also be installed. -
CD/DVDs, USB, and SCSI:
Direct device access is not currently supported in Interix, so it is not currently possible to access CD/DVD drives, USB devices, or SCSI devices through non-filesystem means. Among other things, this makes it impossible to use Interix directly for CD/DVD burning.
-
Tape drives:
Due to the same limitations as for CD-ROMs and SCSI devices, tape drives are also not directly accessible in Interix. However, support is in work to make tape drive access possible by using Cygwin as a bridge (similarly to audio bridged via Cygwin's esound server).
It is not necessary, in general, to have a "root" user on the Windows system; any member of the local Administrators group will suffice. However, some packages currently assume that the user named "root" is the privileged user. To accommodate these, you may create such a user; make sure it is in the local group Administrators (or your language equivalent).
pkg_add creates directories of mode
0755, not 0775, in $PKG_DBDIR. For the
time being, install packages as the local Administrator (or
your language equivalent), or run the following command after
installing a package to work around the issue:
#chmod -R g+w $PKG_DBDIR
You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro
compiler (cc/c89). Please set the CC environment variable
according to your preference. If you do not have a license for the MIPSpro
compiler suite, you can download a gcc tardist file from http://freeware.sgi.com/.
Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or higher, as this is the earliest version of IRIX providing support for if_indextoname(3), if_nametoindex(3), etc.
At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI at a time. That is, you cannot switch between the old 32-bit ABI, the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI. If you start out using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be built with.
Therefore, please make sure that you have no conflicting
CFLAGS in your environment or the
mk.conf. Particularly, make sure that you do not
try to link n32 object files with lib64 or vice versa. Check your
/etc/compiler.defaults!
If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS from a different host,
please make sure to set WRKOBJDIR to a local directory,
as it appears that IRIX linker occasionally runs into issues when trying to
link over a network-mounted file system.
The bootstrapping process should set all the right options for programs such
as imake(1), but you may want to set some options depending on your local
setup. Please see pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf and, of
course, your compiler's man pages for details.
If you are using SGI's MIPSPro compiler, please set
PKGSRC_COMPILER= mipspro
in mk.conf. Otherwise, pkgsrc will assume you
are using gcc and may end up passing invalid flags to the compiler. Note that
bootstrap should create an appropriate mk.conf.example by
default.
If you have both the MIPSPro compiler chain installed as well as gcc,
but want to make sure that MIPSPro is used, please set your PATH
to not include the location of gcc (often
/usr/freeware/bin), and (important) pass the
'--preserve-path' flag.
Some versions of Linux (for example Debian GNU/Linux) need either libtermcap or libcurses (libncurses). Installing the distributions libncurses-dev package (or equivalent) should fix the problem.
pkgsrc supports both gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) and icc (Intel C++ Compiler). gcc is the default. icc 8.0 and 8.1 on i386 have been tested.
To bootstrap using icc, assuming the default icc installation directory:
env CC=/opt/intel_cc_80/bin/icc LDFLAGS=-static-libcxa \
ac_cv___attribute__=yes ./bootstrap
Note
icc 8.1 needs the `-i-static' argument instead of -static-libcxa.
icc supports __attribute__, but the GNU configure test uses a nested function, which icc does not support. #undef'ing __attribute__ has the unfortunate side-effect of breaking many of the Linux header files, which cannot be compiled properly without __attribute__. The test must be overridden so that __attribute__ is assumed supported by the compiler.
After bootstrapping, you should set PKGSRC_COMPILER
in mk.conf:
PKGSRC_COMPILER= icc
The default installation directory for icc is
/opt/intel_cc_80, which
is also the pkgsrc default. If you have installed it into a different
directory, set ICCBASE in
mk.conf:
ICCBASE= /opt/icc
pkgsrc uses the static linking method of the runtime libraries provided by icc, so binaries can be run on other systems which do not have the shared libraries installed.
Libtool, however, extracts a list of libraries from the ld(1) command run when linking a C++ shared library and records it, throwing away the -Bstatic and -Bdynamic options interspersed between the libraries. This means that libtool-linked C++ shared libraries will have a runtime dependency on the icc libraries until this is fixed in libtool.
OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the OpenBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g./usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.-
If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#cd /usr/sbin#mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig#mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig#mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig#mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig -
An example
mk.conffile will be placed in/etc/mk.conf.examplefile when you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make program usesmk.confas well. You can work around this by enclosing all the pkgsrc-specific parts of the file with:.ifdef BSD_PKG_MK # pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert defaults/mk.conf or similar here .else # OpenBSD stuff .endif
Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and sparc. You will need a working C compiler. Both gcc 2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested.
The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for the bootstrap process and to build packages.
SUNWsprot
SUNWarc
SUNWbtool
SUNWtoo
SUNWlibm
Please note that the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is not supported, as of June 2006.
Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the compiler tools and
your $prefix are in your PATH. This includes
/usr/ccs/{bin,lib}
and e.g. /usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}.
It makes life much simpler if you only use the same gcc consistently for building all packages.
It is recommended that an external gcc be used only for bootstrapping,
then either build gcc from
lang/gcc or install a binary gcc
package, then remove gcc used during bootstrapping.
Binary packages of gcc can be found through http://www.sunfreeware.com/.
You will need at least the following packages installed (from WorkShop 5.0)
SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0
SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0
SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental Linker
SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common components
You should set the following variables in your
mk.conf file:
CC= cc CXX= CC CPP= cc -E CXXCPP= CC -E
Note
The CPP setting might break some
packages that use the C preprocessor for processing things other
than C source code.
To build 64-bit packages, you just need to have the
following lines in your mk.conf file:
PKGSRC_COMPILER= sunpro ABI= 64
Note
This setting has been tested for the SPARC architecture. Intel and AMD machines need some more work.
Sometimes, when using libtool,
/bin/ksh crashes with a segmentation fault.
The workaround is to use another shell for the configure
scripts, for example by installing shells/bash and adding the following lines
to your mk.conf:
CONFIG_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash
WRAPPER_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash
Then, rebuild the devel/libtool-base package.
Table of Contents
- 4.1. Using binary packages
- 4.1.1. Finding binary packages
- 4.1.2. Installing binary packages
- 4.1.3. Deinstalling packages
- 4.1.4. Getting information about installed packages
- 4.1.5. Checking for security vulnerabilities in installed packages
- 4.1.6. Finding if newer versions of your installed packages are in pkgsrc
- 4.1.7. Other administrative functions
- 4.1.8. A word of warning
- 4.2. Building packages from source
Basically, there are two ways of using pkgsrc. The first is to only install the package tools and to use binary packages that someone else has prepared. This is the “pkg” in pkgsrc. The second way is to install the “src” of pkgsrc, too. Then you are able to build your own packages, and you can still use binary packages from someone else.
On the ftp.NetBSD.org server and its mirrors, there are collections of binary packages, ready to be installed. These binary packages have been built using the default settings for the directories, that is:
/usr/pkgforLOCALBASE, where most of the files are installed,/usr/pkg/etcfor configuration files,/varforVARBASE, where those files are installed that may change after installation.
If you cannot use these directories for whatever reasons (maybe because you're not root), you cannot use these binary packages, but have to build the packages yourself, which is explained in Section 3.2, “Bootstrapping pkgsrc”.
To install binary packages, you first need to know from where
to get them. The first place where you should look is on the main
pkgsrc FTP server in the directory /pub/pkgsrc/packages.
This directory contains binary packages for multiple platforms. First, select your operating system. (Ignore the directories with version numbers attached to it, they just exist for legacy reasons.) Then, select your hardware architecture, and in the third step, the OS version and the “version” of pkgsrc.
In this directory, you often find a file called
bootstrap.tar.gz which contains the package
management tools. If the file is missing, it is likely that your
operating system already provides those tools. Download the file and
extract it in the / directory. It will create
the directories /usr/pkg (containing the tools
for managing binary packages) and /var/db/pkg
(the database of installed packages).
In the directory from the last section, there is a
subdirectory called All, which contains all the
binary packages that are available for the platform, excluding those
that may not be distributed via FTP or CDROM (depending on which
medium you are using), and the ones that have vulnerabilities and
therefore are considered insecure to install without thinking
before.
To install packages directly from an FTP or HTTP server, run the following commands in a Bourne-compatible shell (be sure to su to root first):
#PATH="/usr/pkg/sbin:$PATH"#PKG_PATH="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/OPSYS/ARCH/VERSIONS/All"#export PATH PKG_PATH
Instead of URLs, you can also use local paths, for example if
you are installing from a set of CDROMs, DVDs or an NFS-mounted
repository. If you want to install packages from multiple sources,
you can separate them by a semicolon in
PKG_PATH.
After these preparations, installing a package is very easy:
#pkg_add openoffice2#pkg_add kde-3.5.7#pkg_add ap2-php5-*
Note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in question will be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install from.
As mentioned above, packages for which vulnerabilities get
known are not stored in the All subdirectory.
They don't get deleted since that could be very frustrating if many
other packages depend on it. Instead, they are moved to the
vulnerable subdirectory. So you may need to add
this directory to the PKG_PATH variable.
However, you should run audit-packages
regularly, especially after installing new packages, and verify
that the vulnerabilities are acceptable for your configuration.
After you've installed packages, be sure to have
/usr/pkg/bin and /usr/pkg/sbin in your
PATH so you can actually start the just
installed program.
To deinstall a package, it does not matter whether it was
installed from source code or from a binary package. The
pkg_delete command does not know it anyway.
To delete a package, you can just run pkg_delete
package-name. The package
name can be given with or without version number. Wildcards can
also be used to deinstall a set of packages, for example
*emacs*. Be sure to include them in quotes,
so that the shell does not expand them before
pkg_delete sees them.
The -r option is very powerful: it
removes all the packages that require the package in question
and then removes the package itself. For example:
#pkg_delete -r jpeg
will remove jpeg and all the packages that used it; this allows upgrading the jpeg package.
The pkg_info shows information about installed packages or binary package files.
The NetBSD Security-Officer and Packages Groups maintain a list of known security vulnerabilities to packages which are (or have been) included in pkgsrc. The list is available from the NetBSD FTP site at ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/distfiles/vulnerabilities.
Through security/audit-packages,
this list can be downloaded
automatically, and a security audit of all packages installed on a system
can take place.
There are two components to
security/audit-packages. The first
component, “download-vulnerability-list”, is for downloading
the list of vulnerabilities from the NetBSD FTP site. The second
component, “audit-packages”, checks to see if any of your
installed packages are vulnerable. If a package is vulnerable, you
will see output similar to the following:
Package samba-2.0.9 has a local-root-shell vulnerability, see
http://www.samba.org/samba/whatsnew/macroexploit.html
One can set up security/audit-packages to download the
vulnerabilities
file daily, and include a package audit in the daily security script.
Details on this are located in the MESSAGE
file for security/audit-packages.
Install pkgtools/lintpkgsrc and run
lintpkgsrc with the “-i”
argument to check if your packages are up-to-date, e.g.
%lintpkgsrc -i... Version mismatch: 'tcsh' 6.09.00 vs 6.10.00
You can then use make update to update the package on your system and rebuild any dependencies.
The pkg_admin executes various administrative functions on the package system.
Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in the pkg_add(1) manual page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you did not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto your system by indiscriminate adding of such files.
The same warning of course applies to every package you install from source when you haven't completely read and understood the source code of the package, the compiler that is used to build the package and all the other tools that are involved.
After obtaining pkgsrc, the pkgsrc
directory now contains a set of packages, organized into
categories. You can browse the online index of packages, or run
make readme from the pkgsrc
directory to build local README.html files for
all packages, viewable with any web browser such as www/lynx or www/firefox.
The default prefix for installed packages
is /usr/pkg. If you wish to change this, you
should do so by setting LOCALBASE in
mk.conf. You should not try to use multiple
different LOCALBASE definitions on the same
system (inside a chroot is an exception).
The rest of this chapter assumes that the package is already in pkgsrc. If it is not, see Part II, “The pkgsrc developer's guide” for instructions how to create your own packages.
To build packages from source, you need a working C compiler. On NetBSD, you need to install the “comp” and the “text” distribution sets. If you want to build X11-related packages, the “xbase” and “xcomp” distribution sets are required, too.
The first step for building a package is downloading the distfiles (i.e. the unmodified source). If they have not yet been downloaded, pkgsrc will fetch them automatically.
If you have all files that you need in the
distfiles directory,
you don't need to connect. If the distfiles are on CD-ROM, you can
mount the CD-ROM on /cdrom and add:
DISTDIR=/cdrom/pkgsrc/distfiles
to your mk.conf.
By default a list of distribution sites will be randomly
intermixed to prevent huge load on servers which holding popular
packages (for example, SourceForge.net mirrors). Thus, every
time when you need to fetch yet another distfile all the mirrors
will be tried in new (random) order. You can turn this feature
off by setting MASTER_SORT_RANDOM=NO (for
PKG_DEVELOPERs it's already disabled).
You can overwrite some of the major distribution sites to
fit to sites that are close to your own. By setting one or two
variables you can modify the order in which the master sites are
accessed. MASTER_SORT contains a whitespace
delimited list of domain suffixes.
MASTER_SORT_REGEX is even more flexible, it
contains a whitespace delimited list of regular expressions. It
has higher priority than MASTER_SORT. Have a
look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to find
some examples. This may save some of your bandwidth and
time.
You can change these settings either in your shell's environment, or,
if you want to keep the settings, by editing the
mk.conf file,
and adding the definitions there.
If a package depends on many other packages (such as
meta-pkgs/kde3), the build process may
alternate between periods of
downloading source, and compiling. To ensure you have all the source
downloaded initially you can run the command:
%make fetch-list | sh
which will output and run a set of shell commands to fetch the
necessary files into the distfiles directory. You can
also choose to download the files manually.
Once the software has downloaded, any patches will be applied, then it will be compiled for you. This may take some time depending on your computer, and how many other packages the software depends on and their compile time.
Note
If using bootstrap or pkgsrc on a non-NetBSD system, use the pkgsrc bmake command instead of “make” in the examples in this guide.
For example, type
%cd misc/figlet%make
at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package.
The next stage is to actually install the newly compiled program onto your system. Do this by entering:
%make install
while you are still in the directory for whatever package you are installing.
Installing the package on your system may require you to be root. However, pkgsrc has a just-in-time-su feature, which allows you to only become root for the actual installation step.
That's it, the software should now be installed and setup for use. You can now enter:
%make clean
to remove the compiled files in the work directory, as you shouldn't need them any more. If other packages were also added to your system (dependencies) to allow your program to compile, you can tidy these up also with the command:
%make clean-depends
Taking the figlet utility as an example, we can install it on our system by building as shown in Appendix B, Build logs.
The program is installed under the default root of the
packages tree - /usr/pkg. Should this not
conform to your tastes, set the LOCALBASE
variable in your environment, and it will use that value as the
root of your packages tree. So, to use
/usr/local, set
LOCALBASE=/usr/local in your environment.
Please note that you should use a directory which is dedicated to
packages and not shared with other programs (i.e., do not try and
use LOCALBASE=/usr). Also, you should not try
to add any of your own files or directories (such as
src/, obj/, or
pkgsrc/) below the
LOCALBASE tree. This is to prevent possible
conflicts between programs and other files installed by the
package system and whatever else may have been installed
there.
Some packages look in mk.conf to
alter some configuration options at build time. Have a look at
pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to get an overview
of what will be set there by default. Environment variables such
as LOCALBASE can be set in
mk.conf to save having to remember to
set them each time you want to use pkgsrc.
Occasionally, people want to “look under the covers” to see what is going on when a package is building or being installed. This may be for debugging purposes, or out of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have been added to help with this.
-
If you invoke the make(1) command with
PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2, then a huge amount of information will be displayed. For example,make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2will show all the commands that are invoked, up to and including the “patch” stage.
-
If you want to know the value of a certain make(1) definition, then the
VARNAMEdefinition should be used, in conjunction with the show-var target. e.g. to show the expansion of the make(1) variableLOCALBASE:%make show-var VARNAME=LOCALBASE/usr/pkg%
If you want to install a binary package that you've either
created yourself (see next section), that you put into
pkgsrc/packages manually or that is located on a remote FTP
server, you can use the "bin-install" target. This target will
install a binary package - if available - via pkg_add(1),
else do a make package. The list of remote FTP
sites searched is kept in the variable
BINPKG_SITES, which defaults to
ftp.NetBSD.org. Any flags that should be added to pkg_add(1)
can be put into BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS. See
pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf for more
details.
A final word of warning: If you set up a system that has a
non-standard setting for LOCALBASE, be sure to
set that before any packages are installed, as you cannot use
several directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result in
pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your installed packages,
and fail miserably. Note also that precompiled binary packages are
usually built with the default LOCALBASE of
/usr/pkg, and that you should
not install any if you use a non-standard
LOCALBASE.
Table of Contents
The whole pkgsrc system is configured in a single file, usually
called mk.conf. In which directory pkgsrc looks for
that file depends on the installation. On NetBSD, when you use
make(1) from the base system, it is in the directory
/etc/. In all other cases the default location is
${PREFIX}/etc/, depending on where you told the
bootstrap program to install the binary packages.
During the bootstrap, an example configuration file is created. To
use that, you have to create the directory
${PREFIX}/etc and copy the example file
there.
The format of the configuration file is that of the usual
BSD-style Makefiles. The whole pkgsrc configuration
is done by setting variables in this file. Note that you can define all
kinds of variables, and no special error checking (for example for
spelling mistakes) takes place, so you have to try it out to see if it
works.
In this section, you can find some variables that apply to all
pkgsrc packages. A complete list of the variables that can be
configured by the user is available in
mk/defaults/mk.conf, together with some
comments that describe each variable's intent.
LOCALBASE: Where packages will be installed. The default is/usr/pkg. Do not mix binary packages with differentLOCALBASEs!CROSSBASE: Where “cross” category packages will be installed. The default is${LOCALBASE}/cross.X11BASE: Where X11 is installed on the system. The default is/usr/X11R6.DISTDIR: Where to store the downloaded copies of the original source distributions used for building pkgsrc packages. The default is${PKGSRCDIR}/distfiles.PKG_DBDIR: Where the database about installed packages is stored. The default is/var/db/pkg.MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE: If set, override the packages'MASTER_SITESwith this value.MASTER_SITE_BACKUP: Backup location(s) for distribution files and patch files if not found locally or in${MASTER_SITES}or${PATCH_SITES}respectively. The defaults areftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/andftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/.BINPKG_SITES: List of sites carrying binary pkgs.relandarchare replaced with OS release (“2.0”, etc.) and architecture (“mipsel”, etc.).ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES: List of acceptable licenses. Whenever you try to build a package whose license is not in this list, you will get an error message that includes instructions on how to change this variable.
XXX
PACKAGES: The top level directory for the binary packages. The default is${PKGSRCDIR}/packages.WRKOBJDIR: The top level directory where, if defined, the separate working directories will get created, and symbolically linked to from${WRKDIR}(see below). This is useful for building packages on several architectures, then${PKGSRCDIR}can be NFS-mounted while${WRKOBJDIR}is local to every architecture. (It should be noted thatPKGSRCDIRshould not be set by the user — it is an internal definition which refers to the root of the pkgsrc tree. It is possible to have many pkgsrc tree instances.)LOCALPATCHES: Directory for local patches that aren't part of pkgsrc. See Section 11.3, “patches/*” for more information.PKGMAKECONF: Location of themk.conffile used by a package's BSD-style Makefile. If this is not set,MAKECONFis set to/dev/nullto avoid picking up settings used by builds in/usr/src.DEPENDS_TARGET: By default, dependencies are only installed, and no binary package is created for them. You can set this variable topackageto automatically create binary packages after installing dependencies.
A growing number of packages support installation into a
subdirectory of WRKDIR. This allows a package
to be built, before the actual filesystem is touched. DESTDIR
support exists in two variations:
Basic DESTDIR support means that the package installation and packaging is still run as root.
Full DESTDIR support can run the complete build, installation and packaging as normal user. Root privileges are only needed to add packages.
To use the DESTDIR support, set either
USE_DESTDIR=yes to use the basic support for
packages that offer it or USE_DESTDIR=full to
get the full support with fallback to basic
support. USE_DESTDIR=full needs pkgtools/pkg_install version 20070802 (or
newer). It might become the default DESTDIR support later.
DESTDIR support changes the behaviour of various targets
slightly. To install a package after building it, use
package-install. package and
install don't do that any
longer. package-install can be used as
DEPENDS_TARGET. bin-install
will ask for the root password to install the package and fail,
package-install will ask again.
With basic DESTDIR support, make
clean needs to be run as root.
Considering the foo/bar package,
DESTDIR full support can be tested using the following commands
$id uid=1000(myusername) gid=100(users) groups=100(users),0(wheel)$mkdir $HOME/packages$cd $PKGSRCDIR/foo/bar
Verify DESTDIR full support, no root privileges
should be needed
$ make USE_DESTDIR=full install
Create a package without root privileges
$ make USE_DESTDIR=full PACKAGES=$HOME/packages package
For the following command, you must be able to gain root privileges using su(1)
$ make USE_DESTDIR=full PACKAGES=$HOME/packages package-install
Then, as a simple user
$ make clean
By default, pkgsrc will use GCC to build packages. This may be overridden by setting the following variables in /etc/mk.conf:
PKGSRC_COMPILER:-
This is a list of values specifying the chain of compilers to invoke when building packages. Valid values are:
distcc: distributed C/C++ (chainable)ccache: compiler cache (chainable)gcc: GNU C/C++ Compilermipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (n32/n64)mipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (o32)sunpro: Sun Microsystems, Inc. WorkShip/Forte/Sun ONE Studio
The default is “
gcc”. You can useccacheand/ordistccwith an appropriatePKGSRC_COMPILERsetting, e.g. “ccache gcc”. This variable should always be terminated with a value for a real compiler. Note that only one real compiler should be listed (e.g. “sunpro gcc” is not allowed). GCC_REQD:This specifies the minimum version of GCC to use when building packages. If the system GCC doesn't satisfy this requirement, then pkgsrc will build and install one of the GCC packages to use instead.
If you wish to set the CFLAGS variable,
please make sure to use the += operator
instead of the = operator:
CFLAGS+= -your -flags
Using CFLAGS= (i.e. without the
“+”) may lead to problems with packages that
need to add their own flags. You may want to take a look
at the devel/cpuflags
package if you're interested in optimization for the current
CPU. Setting USE_CPUFLAGS to yes in
mk.conf will cause pkgsrc to automatically use cpuflags.
If you want to pass flags to the linker, both in the configure
step and the build step, you can do this in two ways. Either set
LDFLAGS or LIBS. The difference
between the two is that LIBS will be appended to
the command line, while LDFLAGS come earlier.
LDFLAGS is pre-loaded with rpath settings for ELF
machines depending on the setting of USE_IMAKE or
the inclusion of mk/x11.buildlink3.mk. As with
CFLAGS, if you do not wish to override these
settings, use the += operator:
LDFLAGS+= -your -linkerflags
XXX
-
PKG_DEVELOPER: Run some sanity checks that package developers want:make sure patches apply with zero fuzz
run check-shlibs to see that all binaries will find their shared libs.
PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL: The level of debugging output which is displayed whilst making and installing the package. The default value for this is 0, which will not display the commands as they are executed (normal, default, quiet operation); the value 1 will display all shell commands before their invocation, and the value 2 will display both the shell commands before their invocation, and their actual execution progress with set -x will be displayed.
Some packages have build time options, usually to select between different dependencies, enable optional support for big dependencies or enable experimental features.
To see which options, if any, a package supports, and which options are mutually exclusive, run make show-options, for example:
The following options are supported by this package:
ssl Enable SSL support.
Exactly one of the following gecko options is required:
firefox Use firefox as gecko rendering engine.
mozilla Use mozilla as gecko rendering engine.
At most one of the following database options may be selected:
mysql Enable support for MySQL database.
pgsql Enable support for PostgreSQL database.
These options are enabled by default: firefox
These options are currently enabled: mozilla ssl
The following variables can be defined in
mk.conf to select which options to
enable for a package: PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS,
which can be used to select or disable options for all packages
that support them, and
PKG_OPTIONS.,
which can be used to select or disable options specifically for
package pkgbasepkgbase. Options listed in
these variables are selected, options preceded by “-”
are disabled. A few examples:
$grep "PKG.*OPTION"mk.confPKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS= -arts -dvdread -esound PKG_OPTIONS.kdebase= debug -sasl PKG_OPTIONS.apache= suexec
It is important to note that options that were specifically suggested by the package maintainer must be explicitely removed if you do not wish to include the option. If you are unsure you can view the current state with make show-options.
The following settings are consulted in the order given, and the last setting that selects or disables an option is used:
the default options as suggested by the package maintainer
the options implied by the settings of legacy variables (see below)
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONSPKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase
For groups of mutually exclusive options, the last option selected is used, all others are automatically disabled. If an option of the group is explicitly disabled, the previously selected option, if any, is used. It is an error if no option from a required group of options is selected, and building the package will fail.
Before the options framework was introduced, build options
were selected by setting a variable (often named
USE_) in
FOOmk.conf for each option. To ease
transition to the options framework for the user, these legacy
variables are converted to the appropriate options setting
(PKG_OPTIONS.)
automatically. A warning is issued to prompt the user to update
pkgbasemk.conf to use the options framework
directly. Support for the legacy variables will be removed
eventually.
Table of Contents
Once you have built and installed a package, you can create a binary package which can be installed on another system with pkg_add(1). This saves having to build the same package on a group of hosts and wasting CPU time. It also provides a simple means for others to install your package, should you distribute it.
To create a binary package, change into the appropriate directory in pkgsrc, and run make package:
#cd misc/figlet#make package
This will build and install your package (if not already done),
and then build a binary package from what was installed. You can
then use the pkg_* tools to manipulate
it. Binary packages are created by default in
/usr/pkgsrc/packages, in the form of a
gzipped tar file. See Section B.2, “Packaging figlet” for a
continuation of the above misc/figlet example.
See Chapter 21, Submitting and Committing for information on how to submit such a binary package.
Table of Contents
When you have multiple machines that should run the same packages, it is wasted time if they all build their packages themselves from source. There are two ways of getting a set of binary packages: The old bulk build system, or the new (as of 2007) parallel bulk build (pbulk) system. This chapter describes how to set them up so that the packages are most likely to be usable later.
Since a bulk build takes several days or even weeks to finish, you should think about the setup before you start everything. Pay attention to at least the following points:
-
If you want to upload the binary packages to ftp.NetBSD.org, make sure the setup complies to the requirements for binary packages:
To end up on ftp.NetBSD.org, the packages must be built by a NetBSD developer on a trusted machine (that is, where you and only you have root access).
Packages on ftp.NetBSD.org should only be created from the stable branches (like 2007Q1), so that users browsing the available collections can see at a glance how old the packages are.
The packages must be built as root, since some packages require set-uid binaries at runtime, and creating those packages as unprivileged user doesn't work well at the moment.
Make sure that the bulk build cannot break anything in your system. Most bulk builds run as root, so they should be run at least in a chroot environment or something even more restrictive, depending on what the operating system provides. There have been numerous cases where certain packages tried to install files outside the
LOCALBASEor wanted to edit some files in/etc. Furthermore, the bulk builds install and deinstall packages in/usr/pkg(or whateverLOCALBASEis) during their operation, so be sure that you don't need any package during the build.
A complete bulk build requires lots of disk space. Some of the disk space can be read-only, some other must be writable. Some can be on remote filesystems (such as NFS) and some should be local. Some can be temporary filesystems, others must survive a sudden reboot.
10 GB for the distfiles (read-write, remote, temporary)
10 GB for the binary packages (read-write, remote, permanent)
400 MB for the pkgsrc tree (read-only, remote, permanent)
5 GB for
LOCALBASE(read-write, local, temporary for pbulk, permanent for old-bulk)5 GB for the log files (read-write, remote, permanent)
5 GB for temporary files (read-write, local, temporary)
Note
There are two ways of doing a bulk build. The old-style one and the new-style “pbulk”. The latter is the recommended way.
The build.conf file is the main
configuration file for bulk builds. You can configure how your
copy of pkgsrc is kept up to date, how the distfiles are
downloaded, how the packages are built and how the report is
generated. You can find an annotated example file in
pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build.conf-example. To use
it, copy build.conf-example to
build.conf and edit it, following the
comments in that file.
7.3.1.2. mk.conf
You may want to set variables in mk.conf.
Look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf for
details of the default settings. You will want to ensure that
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES meet your local policy.
As used in this example, _ACCEPTABLE=yes
completely bypasses the license check.
PACKAGES?= ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH}
WRKOBJDIR?= /usr/tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc
BSDSRCDIR= /usr/src
BSDXSRCDIR= /usr/xsrc # for x11/xservers
OBJHOSTNAME?= yes # use work.`hostname`
FAILOVER_FETCH= yes # insist on the correct checksum
PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes
_ACCEPTABLE= yes
Some options that are especially useful for bulk builds
can be found at the top lines of the file
mk/bulk/bsd.bulk-pkg.mk. The most useful
options of these are briefly described here.
If you are on a slow machine, you may want to set
USE_BULK_BROKEN_CHECKto “no”.If you are doing bulk builds from a read-only copy of pkgsrc, you have to set
BULKFILESDIRto the directory where all log files are created. Otherwise the log files are created in the pkgsrc directory.Another important variable is
BULK_PREREQ, which is a list of packages that should be always available while building other packages.
Some other options are scattered in the pkgsrc infrastructure:
ALLOW_VULNERABLE_PACKAGESshould be set toyes. The purpose of the bulk builds is creating binary packages, no matter if they are vulnerable or not. When uploading the packages to a public server, the vulnerable packages will be put into a directory of their own. Leaving this variable unset would prevent the bulk build system from even trying to build them, so possible building errors would not show up.CHECK_FILES(pkgsrc/mk/check/check-files.mk) can be set to “yes” to check that the installed set of files matches thePLIST.CHECK_INTERPRETER(pkgsrc/mk/check/check-interpreter.mk) can be set to “yes” to check that the installed “#!”-scripts will find their interpreter.PKGSRC_RUN_TESTcan be set to “yes” to run each package's self-test before installing it. Note that some packages make heavy use of “good” random numbers, so you need to assure that the machine on which you are doing the bulk builds is not completely idle. Otherwise some test programs will seem to hang, while they are just waiting for new random data to be available.
It is possible to configure the bulk build to perform
certain site-specific tasks at the end of the pre-build
stage. If the file
pre-build.local exists in
/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bulk, it will be executed
(as a sh(1) script) at the end of the usual pre-build
stage. An example use of
pre-build.local is to have the line:
echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \ > misc/openoffice/$BROKENF
to prevent the system from trying to build a particular package which requires nearly 3 GB of disk space.
As /usr/pkg will be completely
deleted at the start of bulk builds, make sure your login
shell is placed somewhere else. Either drop it into
/usr/local/bin (and adjust your login
shell in the passwd file), or (re-)install it via
pkg_add(1) from /etc/rc.local, so
you can login after a reboot (remember that your current
process won't die if the package is removed, you just can't
start any new instances of the shell any more). Also, if you
use NetBSD earlier than 1.5, or you still want to use the pkgsrc
version of ssh for some reason, be sure to install ssh before
starting it from rc.local:
(cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh && make bulk-install) if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd fi
Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh after the bulk build is finished or if the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been warned! :)
Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed.
Warning
During the bulk build, all packages, their
configuration files and some more files from
/var, /home and
possibly other locations will be removed! So don't run a bulk
build with privileges that might harm your
system.
Be sure to remove all other things that might
interfere with builds, like some libs installed in
/usr/local, etc. then become root and type:
#cd /usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/build
If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure, system panic, ...), you can continue it by running:
#sh mk/bulk/build restart
At the end of the bulk build, you will get a summary via mail,
and find build logs in the directory specified by
FTP in the build.conf
file.
The bulk builds consist of three steps:
- 1. pre-build
The script updates your pkgsrc tree via (anon)cvs, then cleans out any broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed.
- 2. the bulk build
This is basically “make bulk-package” with an optimised order in which packages will be built. Packages that don't require other packages will be built first, and packages with many dependencies will be built later.
- 3. post-build
Generates a report that's placed in the directory specified in the
build.conffile namedbroken.html, a short version of that report will also be mailed to the build's admin.
During the build, a list of broken packages will be compiled
in /usr/pkgsrc/.broken (or
.../.broken.${MACHINE} if
OBJMACHINE is set), individual build logs
of broken builds can be found in the package's
directory. These files are used by the bulk-targets to mark
broken builds to not waste time trying to rebuild them, and
they can be used to debug these broken package builds
later.
Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for NetBSD 2.0/i386:
10 GB - distfiles (NFS ok)
8 GB - full set of all binaries (NFS ok)
5 GB - temp space for compiling (local disk recommended)
Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as they are turned into a binary package, and that sources are removed, so there is no excessively huge demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will be installed via pkg_add(1) instead of building again, so there are no cycles wasted by recompiling.
If you don't want all the packages nuked from a machine (rendering it useless for anything but pkg compiling), there is the possibility of doing the package bulk build inside a chroot environment.
The first step is to set up a chroot sandbox,
e.g. /usr/sandbox. This can be done by
using null mounts, or manually.
There is a shell script called
pkgsrc/mk/bulk/mksandbox which will set
up the sandbox environment using null mounts. It will also
create a script called sandbox in the
root of the sandbox environment, which will allow the null
mounts to be activated using the sandbox
mount command and deactivated using the
sandbox umount command.
To set up a sandbox environment by hand, after extracting all
the sets from a NetBSD installation or doing a make
distribution DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox in
/usr/src/etc, be sure the following items
are present and properly configured:
-
Kernel
#cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox -
/dev/*#cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all -
/etc/resolv.conf(forsecurity/smtpdand mail):#cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc -
Working(!) mail config (hostname, sendmail.cf):
#cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail -
/etc/localtime(forsecurity/smtpd):#ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime -
/usr/src(system sources, e. g. forsysutils/aperture):#ln -s ../disk1/cvs .#ln -s cvs/src-2.0 src -
Create
/var/db/pkg(not part of default install):#mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg -
Create
/usr/pkg(not part of default install):#mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg -
Checkout pkgsrc via cvs into
/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc:#cd /usr/sandbox/usr#cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -d -P pkgsrcDo not mount/link this to the copy of your pkgsrc tree you do development in, as this will likely cause problems!
Make
/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packagesand.../distfilespoint somewhere appropriate. NFS- and/or nullfs-mounts may come in handy!Edit
mk.conf, see Section 7.3.1.2, “???”.Adjust
mk/bulk/build.confto suit your needs.
When the chroot sandbox is set up, you can start the build with the following steps:
#cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build
This will just jump inside the sandbox and start building. At
the end of the build, mail will be sent with the results of
the build. Created binary pkgs will be in
/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages
(wherever that points/mounts to/from).
In addition to building a complete set of all packages in
pkgsrc, the pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build script
may be used to build a subset of the packages contained in
pkgsrc. By setting SPECIFIC_PKGS
in mk.conf, the variables
SITE_SPECIFIC_PKGS
HOST_SPECIFIC_PKGS
GROUP_SPECIFIC_PKGS
USER_SPECIFIC_PKGS
will define the set of packages which should be built. The bulk build code will also include any packages which are needed as dependencies for the explicitly listed packages.
One use of this is to do a bulk build with
SPECIFIC_PKGS in a chroot sandbox
periodically to have a complete set of the binary packages
needed for your site available without the overhead of
building extra packages that are not needed.
This section describes how pkgsrc developers can upload binary pkgs built by bulk builds to ftp.NetBSD.org.
If you would like to automatically create checksum files for the
binary packages you intend to upload, remember to set
MKSUMS=yes in your
mk/bulk/build.conf.
If you would like to PGP sign the checksum files (highly
recommended!), remember to set
SIGN_AS=username@NetBSD.org in your
mk/bulk/build.conf. This will prompt you for
your GPG password to sign the files before uploading everything.
Then, make sure that you have RSYNC_DST
set properly in your mk/bulk/build.conf
file, i.e. adjust it to something like one of the following:
RSYNC_DST=ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/packages-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please use appropriate values for "packages-200xQy", "NetBSD-a.b.c" and "arch" here. If your login on ftp.NetBSD.org is different from your local login, write your login directly into the variable, e.g. my local account is "feyrer", but for my login "hubertf", I use:
RSYNC_DST=hubertf@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/packages-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
A separate upload directory is used
here to allow "closing" the directory during upload. To do
so, run the following command on ftp.NetBSD.org next:
nbftp% mkdir -p -m 750 /pub/NetBSD/packages/packages-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please note that /pub/NetBSD/packages is
only appropriate for packages for the NetBSD operating
system. Binary packages for other operating systems should go
into /pub/pkgsrc.
Before uploading the binary pkgs, ssh authentication needs to be set up. This example shows how to set up temporary keys for the root account inside the sandbox (assuming that no keys should be present there usually):
#chroot /usr/sandboxchroot-#rm $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa*chroot-#ssh-keygen -t dsachroot-#cat $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa.pub
Now take the output of id-dsa.pub and
append it to your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file on ftp.NetBSD.org. You can remove the key after the
upload is done!
Next, test if your ssh connection really works:
chroot-#ssh ftp.NetBSD.org date
Use "-l yourNetBSDlogin" here as appropriate!
Now after all this works, you can exit the sandbox and start the upload:
chroot-#exit#cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc#sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-upload
The upload process may take quite some time. Use ls(1) or
du(1) on the FTP server to monitor progress of the
upload. The upload script will take care of not uploading
restricted packages and putting vulnerable packages into the
vulnerable subdirectory.
After the upload has ended, first thing is to revoke ssh access:
nbftp% vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Gdd:x!
Use whatever is needed to remove the key you've entered
before! Last, move the uploaded packages out of the
upload directory to have them accessible
to everyone:
nbftp%cd /pub/NetBSD/packages/packages-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/archnbftp%mv upload/* .nbftp%rmdir uploadnbftp%chmod 755 .
Running a pbulk-style bulk build works roughly as follows:
First, build the pbulk infrastructure in a fresh pkgsrc location.
Then, build each of the packages from a clean installation directory using the infrastructure.
First, you need to create a pkgsrc installation for the pbulk infrastructure. No matter on which platform you are (even on NetBSD), you should bootstrap into its own directory. Let's take the directory /usr/pbulk or $HOME/pbulk for it. This installation will be bootstrapped and all the tools that are required for the bulk build will be installed there.
$cd /usr/pkgsrc$./bootstrap/bootstrap --prefix=/usr/pbulk --varbase=/usr/pbulk/var --workdir=/tmp/pbulk-bootstrap$rm -rf /tmp/pbulk-bootstrap
Now the basic environment for the pbulk infrastructure is installed. The specific tools are still missing. This is a good time to edit the pkgsrc configuration file /usr/pbulk/etc/mk.conf to fit your needs. Typical things you might set now are:
PKG_DEVELOPER=yesWRKOBJDIR=/tmp/pbulk-outer/usr/pkgsrcfree from any modifications,DISTDIR=/distfilesACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=..._ACCEPTABLE=yes
Now you are ready to build the rest of the pbulk infrastructure.
$cd pkgtools/pbulk$/usr/pbulk/bin/bmake install$rm -rf /tmp/pbulk-outer
Now the pbulk infrastructure is built and installed. It still needs to be configured, and after some more preparation, we will be able to start the real bulk build.
After your pkgsrc bulk-build has completed, you may wish to
create a CD-ROM set of the resulting binary packages to assist
in installing packages on other machines. The
pkgtools/cdpack package provides
a simple tool for creating the ISO 9660 images.
cdpack arranges the packages on the CD-ROMs in a
way that keeps all the dependencies for a given package on the same
CD as that package.
Complete documentation for cdpack is found in the cdpack(1)
man page. The following short example assumes that the binary
packages are left in
/usr/pkgsrc/packages/All and that
sufficient disk space exists in /u2 to
hold the ISO 9660 images.
#mkdir /u2/images#pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack#cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
If you wish to include a common set of files
(COPYRIGHT, README,
etc.) on each CD in the collection, then you need to create a
directory which contains these files. e.g.
#mkdir /tmp/common#echo "This is a README" > /tmp/common/README#echo "Another file" > /tmp/common/COPYING#mkdir /tmp/common/bin#echo "#!/bin/sh" > /tmp/common/bin/myscript#echo "echo Hello world" >> /tmp/common/bin/myscript#chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript
Now create the images:
#cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
Each image will contain README,
COPYING, and bin/myscript
in their root directories.
Table of Contents
The files that are installed by pkgsrc are organized in a way that
is similar to what you find in the /usr directory
of the base system. But some details are different. This is because
pkgsrc initially came from FreeBSD and had adopted its file system
hierarchy. Later it was largely influenced by NetBSD. But no matter
which operating system you are using pkgsrc with, you can expect the
same layout for pkgsrc.
There are mainly four root directories for pkgsrc, which are all
configurable in the bootstrap/bootstrap script.
When pkgsrc has been installed as root, the default locations
are:
LOCALBASE= /usr/pkg PKG_SYSCONFBASE= /usr/pkg/etc VARBASE= /var PKG_DBDIR= /var/db/pkg
In unprivileged mode (when pkgsrc has been installed as any other user), the default locations are:
LOCALBASE= ${HOME}/pkg
PKG_SYSCONFBASE= ${HOME}/pkg/etc
VARBASE= ${HOME}/pkg/var
PKG_DBDIR= ${HOME}/pkg/var/db/pkg
What these four directories are for, and what they look like is explained below.
LOCALBASEcorresponds to the/usrdirectory in the base system. It is the “main” directory where the files are installed and contains the well-known subdirectories likebin,include,lib,shareandsbin.VARBASEcorresponds to/varin the base system. Some programs (especially games, network daemons) need write access to it during normal operation.PKG_SYSCONFDIRcorresponds to/etcin the base system. It contains configuration files of the packages, as well as pkgsrc'smk.confitself.
The following directories exist in a typical pkgsrc installation
in ${LOCALBASE}.
binContains executable programs that are intended to be directly used by the end user.
emulContains files for the emulation layers of various other operating systems, especially for NetBSD.
etc(the usual location of${PKG_SYSCONFDIR})Contains the configuration files.
includeContains headers for the C and C++ programming languages.
infoContains GNU info files of various packages.
libContains shared and static libraries.
libdataContains data files that don't change after installation. Other data files belong into
${VARBASE}.libexecContains programs that are not intended to be used by end users, such as helper programs or network daemons.
libexec/cgi-binContains programs that are intended to be executed as CGI scripts by a web server.
man(the usual value of${PKGMANDIR})Contains brief documentation in form of manual pages.
sbinContains programs that are intended to be used only by the super-user.
shareContains platform-independent data files that don't change after installation.
share/docContains documentation files provided by the packages.
share/examplesContains example files provided by the packages. Among others, the original configuration files are saved here and copied to
${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}during installation.share/examples/rc.dContains the original files for rc.d scripts.
var(the usual location of${VARBASE})Contains files that may be modified after installation.
Table of Contents
- 9.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
- 9.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
- 9.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
- 9.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
- 9.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
- 9.6. How can I install/use modular X.org from pkgsrc?
- 9.7. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
- 9.8. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
- 9.9. How to fetch all distfiles at once
- 9.10. What does Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc mean?
- 9.11. What does Could not find bsd.own.mk mean?
- 9.12. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
- 9.13. How do I change the location of configuration files?
- 9.14. Automated security checks
- 9.15. Why do some packages ignore my CFLAGS?
- 9.16. A package does not build. What shall I do?
- 9.17. What does Makefile appears to contain unresolved cvs/rcs/??? merge conflicts mean?
This section contains hints, tips & tricks on special things in pkgsrc that we didn't find a better place for in the previous chapters, and it contains items for both pkgsrc users and developers.
The following mailing lists may be of interest to pkgsrc users:
pkgsrc-users: This is a general purpose list for most issues regarding pkgsrc, regardless of platform, e.g. soliciting user help for pkgsrc configuration, unexpected build failures, using particular packages, upgrading pkgsrc installations, questions regarding the pkgsrc release branches, etc. General announcements or proposals for changes that impact the pkgsrc user community, e.g. major infrastructure changes, new features, package removals, etc., may also be posted.
pkgsrc-bulk: A list where the results of pkgsrc bulk builds are sent and discussed.
pkgsrc-changes: This list is for those who are interested in getting a commit message for every change committed to pkgsrc. It is also available in digest form, meaning one daily message containing all commit messages for changes to the package source tree in that 24 hour period.
To subscribe, do:
%echo subscribelistname| mail majordomo@NetBSD.org
Archives for all these mailing lists are available from http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/.
Pkgviews is tightly integrated with buildlink. You can find a
pkgviews User's guide in
pkgsrc/mk/buildlink3/PKGVIEWS_UG.
The directory pkgsrc/pkgtools contains
a number of useful utilities for both users and developers of pkgsrc. This
section attempts only to make the reader aware of the utilities and when
they might be useful, and not to duplicate the documentation that comes
with each package.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (automatically installed when needed):
pkgtools/x11-links: Symlinks for use by buildlink.
OS tool augmentation (automatically installed when needed):
pkgtools/digest: Calculates various kinds of checksums (including SHA1).pkgtools/libnbcompat: Compatibility library for pkgsrc tools.pkgtools/mtree: Installed on non-BSD systems due to lack of native mtree.pkgtools/pkg_install: Up-to-date replacement for/usr/sbin/pkg_install, or for use on operating systems where pkg_install is not present.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (not automatically installed):
pkgtools/pkg_tarup: Create a binary package from an already-installed package. Used by make replace to save the old package.pkgtools/dfdisk: Adds extra functionality to pkgsrc, allowing it to fetch distfiles from multiple locations. It currently supports the following methods: multiple CD-ROMs and network FTP/HTTP connections.pkgtools/xpkgwedge: Put X11 packages someplace else (enabled by default).devel/cpuflags: Determine the best compiler flags to optimise code for your current CPU and compiler. SettingUSE_CPUFLAGSto yes inmk.confwill cause pkgsrc to automatically use cpuflags.
Utilities for keeping track of installed packages, being up to date, etc:
pkgtools/pkg_chk: Reports on packages whose installed versions do not match the latest pkgsrc entries.pkgtools/pkgdep: Makes dependency graphs of packages, to aid in choosing a strategy for updating.pkgtools/pkgdepgraph: Makes graphs from the output ofpkgtools/pkgdep(uses graphviz).pkgtools/pkglint: The pkglint(1) program checks a pkgsrc entry for errors.pkgtools/lintpkgsrc: The lintpkgsrc(1) program does various checks on the complete pkgsrc system.pkgtools/pkgsurvey: Report what packages you have installed.
Utilities for people maintaining or creating individual packages:
pkgtools/pkgdiff: Automate making and maintaining patches for a package (includes pkgdiff, pkgvi, mkpatches, etc.).pkgtools/rpm2pkg,pkgtools/url2pkg: Aids in converting to pkgsrc.pkgtools/gensolpkg: Convert pkgsrc to a Solaris package.
Utilities for people maintaining pkgsrc (or: more obscure pkg utilities)
pkgtools/pkg_comp: Build packages in a chrooted area.pkgtools/libkver: Spoof kernel version for chrooted cross builds.
If you want to use pkgsrc as non-root user, you can set some
variables to make pkgsrc work under these conditions. At the very least,
you need to set UNPRIVILEGED to “yes”; this
will turn on unprivileged mode and set multiple related variables to allow
installation of packages as non-root.
In case the defaults are not enough, you may want to tune some other
variables used. For example, if the automatic user/group detection leads
to incorrect values (or not the ones you would like to use), you can change
them by setting UNPRIVILEGED_USER and
UNPRIVILEGED_GROUP respectively.
As regards bootstrapping, please note that the
bootstrap script will ease non-root configuration when
given the “--ignore-user-check” flag, as it will choose and
use multiple default directories under ~/pkg as the
installation targets. These directories can be overridden by the
“--prefix” flag provided by the script, as well as some others
that allow finer tuning of the tree layout.
By default, resuming transfers in pkgsrc is disabled, but you can
enable this feature by adding the option
PKG_RESUME_TRANSFERS=YES into
mk.conf. If, during a fetch step, an incomplete
distfile is found, pkgsrc will try to resume it.
You can also
use a different program than the default ftp(1) by changing the
FETCH_USING variable. You can specify the program by
using of ftp, fetch, wget or curl. Alternatively, fetching can be disabled
by using the value manual. A value of custom disables the system defaults
and dependency tracking for the fetch program. In that case you have to
provide FETCH_CMD, FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS,
FETCH_RESUME_ARGS, FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS,
FETCH_AFTER_ARGS.
For example, if you want to use
wget to download, you'll have to use something
like:
FETCH_USING= wget
If you want to use modular X.org from pkgsrc instead of your system's own X11
(/usr/X11R6, /usr/openwin, ...)
you will have to add the following line into
mk.conf:
X11_TYPE=modular
Note
The DragonFly operating system defaults to using modular X.org from pkgsrc.
If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections to Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL, e.g. in Amdahl, the machine “orpheus.amdahl.com” is one of the firewalls, and it uses port 80 as the proxy port number. So the proxy environment variables are:
ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/ http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
This depends on which utility is used to retrieve distfiles. From
bsd.pkg.mk, FETCH_CMD is assigned
the first available command from the following list:
${LOCALBASE}/bin/ftp/usr/bin/ftp
On a default NetBSD installation, this will be
/usr/bin/ftp, which automatically tries passive
connections first, and falls back to active connections if the server
refuses to do passive. For the other tools, add the following to your
mk.conf file:
PASSIVE_FETCH=1.
Having that option present will prevent
/usr/bin/ftp from falling back to active
transfers.
You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or university, where you can't run a make fetch. There is an archive of distfiles on ftp.NetBSD.org, but downloading the entire directory may not be appropriate.
The answer here is to do a make fetch-list in
/usr/pkgsrc or one of its subdirectories, carry the
resulting list to your machine at work/school and use it there. If you
don't have a NetBSD-compatible ftp(1) (like tnftp) at work, don't
forget to set FETCH_CMD to something that fetches a
URL:
At home:
%cd /usr/pkgsrc%make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh%scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp
At work:
%sh /tmp/fetch.sh
then tar up /tmp/distfiles and take it
home.
If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get all distfiles (even ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by using the above-mentioned make fetch-list approach, or fetch the distfiles directly by running:
%make mirror-distfiles
If you even decide to ignore
NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}, then you can get everything
by running:
%make fetch NO_SKIP=yes
When compiling the pkgtools/pkg_install
package, you get the error from make that it doesn't know how to make
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc? This indicates that
you don't have installed the “text” set (nroff, ...) from
the NetBSD base distribution on your machine. It is recommended to do
that to format man pages.
In the case of the pkgtools/pkg_install package, you
can get away with setting NOMAN=YES either in the
environment or in mk.conf.
You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz,
when you installed your NetBSD machine. Please get and install it, by
extracting it in /:
#cd /#tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz
comp.tgz is part of every NetBSD release. Get
the one that corresponds to your release (determine via uname
-r).
When installing packages as non-root user and using the just-in-time
su(1) feature of pkgsrc, it can become annoying to type in the root
password for each required package installed. To avoid this, the sudo
package can be used, which does password caching over a limited time. To
use it, install sudo (either as binary package or from
security/sudo) and then put the
following into your mk.conf, somewhere
after the definition of the
LOCALBASE variable:
.if exists(${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo)
SU_CMD= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c
.endif
As the system administrator, you can choose where configuration files
are installed. The default settings make all these files go into
${PREFIX}/etc or some of its subdirectories; this may
be suboptimal depending on your expectations (e.g., a read-only,
NFS-exported PREFIX with a need of per-machine
configuration of the provided packages).
In order to change the defaults, you can modify the
PKG_SYSCONFBASE variable (in
mk.conf) to point to your preferred configuration
directory; some common examples include /etc or
/etc/pkg.
Furthermore, you can change this value on a per-package basis by
setting the PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR} variable.
PKG_SYSCONFVAR's value usually matches the name of the
package you would like to modify, that is, the contents of
PKGBASE.
Note that after changing these settings, you must rebuild and reinstall any affected packages.
Please be aware that there can often be bugs in third-party software,
and some of these bugs can leave a machine vulnerable to exploitation by
attackers. In an effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team
maintains a database of known-exploits to packages which have at one time
been included in pkgsrc. The database can be downloaded automatically, and
a security audit of all packages installed on a system can take place. To
do this, refer to the following two tools (installed as part of the
pkgtools/pkg_install package):
-
download-vulnerability-list, an easy way to download a list of the security vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up to date by the NetBSD security officer and the NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the NetBSD ftp server:
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities
audit-packages, an easy way to audit the current machine, checking each vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable package is installed, it will be shown by output to stdout, including a description of the type of vulnerability, and a URL containing more information.
Use of these tools is strongly recommended! After
“pkg_install” is installed, please read
the package's message, which you can get by running pkg_info -D
pkg_install.
If this package is installed, pkgsrc builds will use it to perform a security check before building any package. See Section 5.2, “Variables affecting the build process” for ways to control this check.
When you add your own preferences to the
CFLAGS variable in your
mk.conf, these flags are passed in
environment variables to the ./configure
scripts and to make(1). Some package authors ignore the
CFLAGS from the environment variable by
overriding them in the Makefiles of their
package.
Currently there is no solution to this problem. If you
really need the package to use your CFLAGS
you should run make patch in the package
directory and then inspect any Makefile and
Makefile.in for whether they define
CFLAGS explicitly. Usually you can remove
these lines. But be aware that some “smart”
programmers write so bad code that it only works for the
specific combination of CFLAGS they have
chosen.
Make sure that your copy of pkgsrc is consistent. A case that occurs often is that people only update pkgsrc in parts, because of performance reasons. Since pkgsrc is one large system, not a collection of many small systems, there are sometimes changes that only work when the whole pkgsrc tree is updated.
Make sure that you don't have any CVS conflicts. Search for “<<<<<<” or “>>>>>>” in all your pkgsrc files.
Make sure that you don't have old copies of the packages extracted. Run make clean clean-depends to verify this.
If the problem still exists, write a mail to the
pkgsrc-usersmailing list.
You have modified a file from pkgsrc, and someone else has
modified that same file afterwards in the CVS repository. Both changes
are in the same region of the file, so when you updated pkgsrc, the
cvs command marked the conflicting changes in the
file. Because of these markers, the file is no longer a valid
Makefile.
Have a look at that file, and if you don't need your local changes anymore, you can remove that file and run cvs -q update -dP in that directory to download the current version.
This part of the book deals with creating and modifying packages. It starts with a “HOWTO”-like guide on creating a new package. The remaining chapters are more like a reference manual for pkgsrc.
Table of Contents
- 10. Creating a new pkgsrc package from scratch
- 11. Package components - files, directories and contents
- 12. Programming in Makefiles
- 13. PLIST issues
- 14. Buildlink methodology
- 15. The pkginstall framework
- 16. Options handling
- 17. The build process
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Program location
- 17.3. Directories used during the build process
- 17.4. Running a phase
- 17.5. The fetch phase
- 17.6. The checksum phase
- 17.7. The extract phase
- 17.8. The patch phase
- 17.9. The tools phase
- 17.10. The wrapper phase
- 17.11. The configure phase
- 17.12. The build phase
- 17.13. The test phase
- 17.14. The install phase
- 17.15. The package phase
- 17.16. Cleaning up
- 17.17. Other helpful targets
- 18. Tools needed for building or running
- 19. Making your package work
- 19.1. General operation
- 19.1.1. Portability of packages
- 19.1.2. How to pull in user-settable variables from ???
- 19.1.3. User interaction
- 19.1.4. Handling licenses
- 19.1.5. Restricted packages
- 19.1.6. Handling dependencies
- 19.1.7. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 19.1.8. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 19.1.9. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 19.1.10. Handling packages with security problems
- 19.1.11. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 19.1.12. Substituting variable text in the package files (the SUBST framework)
- 19.2. Fixing problems in the fetch phase
- 19.3. Fixing problems in the configure phase
- 19.4. Programming languages
- 19.5. Fixing problems in the build phase
- 19.6. Fixing problems in the install phase
- 19.6.1. Creating needed directories
- 19.6.2. Where to install documentation
- 19.6.3. Installing highscore files
- 19.6.4. Adding DESTDIR support to packages
- 19.6.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 19.6.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 19.6.7. Packages installing info files
- 19.6.8. Packages installing man pages
- 19.6.9. Packages installing GConf data files
- 19.6.10. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 19.6.11. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 19.6.12. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 19.6.13. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 19.6.14. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 19.6.15. Packages using intltool
- 19.6.16. Packages installing startup scripts
- 19.6.17. Packages installing TeX modules
- 19.6.18. Packages supporting running binaries in emulation
- 19.6.19. Packages installing hicolor theme icons
- 19.6.20. Packages installing desktop files
- 19.7. Marking packages as having problems
- 20. Debugging
- 21. Submitting and Committing
- 22. Frequently Asked Questions
- 23. GNOME packaging and porting
Table of Contents
When you find a package that is not yet in pkgsrc, you most likely have a URL from where you can download the source code. Starting with this URL, creating a package involves only a few steps.
First, install the packages
pkgtools/url2pkgandpkgtools/pkglint.Then, choose one of the top-level directories as the category in which you want to place your package. You can also create a directory of your own (maybe called
local). In that category directory, create another directory for your package and change into it.Run the program url2pkg, which will ask you for a URL. Enter the URL of the distribution file (in most cases a
.tar.gzfile) and watch how the basic ingredients of your package are created automatically. The distribution file is extracted automatically to fill in some details in theMakefilethat would otherwise have to be done manually.-
Examine the extracted files to determine the dependencies of your package. Ideally, this is mentioned in some
READMEfile, but things may differ. For each of these dependencies, look where it exists in pkgsrc, and if there is a file calledbuildlink3.mkin that directory, add a line to your packageMakefilewhich includes that file just before the last line. If thebuildlink3.mkfile does not exist, add aDEPENDSline to the Makefile, which specifies the version of the dependency and where it can be found in pkgsrc. This line should be placed in the third paragraph. If the dependency is only needed for building the package, but not when using it, useBUILD_DEPENDSinstead ofDEPENDS. Your package may then look like this:[...] BUILD_DEPENDS+= lua>=5.0:../../lang/lua DEPENDS+= screen-[0-9]*:../../misc/screen DEPENDS+= screen>=4.0:../../misc/screen [...] .include "../../
category/package/buildlink3.mk" .include "../../devel/glib2/buildlink3.mk" .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk" Run pkglint to see what things still need to be done to make your package a “good” one. If you don't know what pkglint's warnings want to tell you, try pkglint --explain or pkglint -e, which outputs additional explanations.
In many cases the package is not yet ready to build. You can find instructions for the most common cases in the next section, Section 10.1, “Common types of packages”. After you have followed the instructions over there, you can hopefully continue here.
Run bmake clean to clean the working directory from the extracted files. Besides these files, a lot of cache files and other system information has been saved in the working directory, which may become wrong after you edited the
Makefile.Now, run bmake to build the package. For the various things that can go wrong in this phase, consult Chapter 19, Making your package work.
When the package builds fine, the next step is to install the package. Run bmake install and hope that everything works.
Up to now, the file
PLIST, which contains a list of the files that are installed by the package, is nearly empty. Run bmake print-PLIST >PLIST to generate a probably correct list. Check the file using your preferred text editor to see if the list of files looks plausible.Run pkglint again to see if the generated
PLISTcontains garbage or not.When you ran bmake install, the package has been registered in the database of installed files, but with an empty list of files. To fix this, run bmake deinstall and bmake install again. Now the package is registered with the list of files from
PLIST.Run bmake package to create a binary package from the set of installed files.
Simple Perl modules are handled automatically by url2pkg, including dependencies.
KDE applications should always include
meta-pkgs/kde3/kde3.mk, which contains numerous
settings that are typical of KDE packages.
Python modules and programs packages are easily created using a set of predefined variables.
Most Python packages use either “distutils” or
easy-setup (“eggs”).
If the software uses “distutils”, set the
PYDISTUTILSPKG variable to “yes” so
pkgsrc will make use of this framework.
“distutils” uses a script called setup.py,
if the “distutils” driver is not called
setup.py, set the PYSETUP variable
to the name of the script.
If the default Python versions are not supported by the software, set the
PYTHON_VERSIONS_ACCEPTED variable to the Python versions
the software is known to work with, from the most recent to the older
one, e.g.
PYTHON_VERSIONS_ACCEPTED= 25 24 23
If the packaged software is a Python module, include
“../../lang/python/extension.mk”.
In this case, the package directory should be called
“py-software” and PKGNAME should be set to
“${PYPKGPREFIX}-${DISTNAME}”, e.g.
DISTNAME= foopymodule-1.2.10
PKGNAME= ${PYPKGPREFIX}-${DISTNAME}
If it is an application, also include
“../../lang/python/application.mk”
before “extension.mk”.
If the packaged software, either it is an application or a module, is
egg-aware, you only need to include
“../../lang/python/egg.mk”.
In order to correctly set the path to the Python interpreter, use the
REPLACE_PYTHON variable and set it to the list of files
that must be corrected. For example :
REPLACE_PYTHON= ${WRKSRC}/*.py
Looking at the file pkgsrc/doc/TODO, I saw
that the “nvu” package has not yet been imported into
pkgsrc. As the description says it has to do with the web, the obvious
choice for the category is “www”.
$mkdir www/nvu$cd www/nvu
The web site says that the sources are available as a tar file, so I fed that URL to the url2pkg program:
$ url2pkg http://cvs.nvu.com/download/nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
My editor popped up, and I added a PKGNAME line
below the DISTNAME line, as the package name should
not have the word “sources” in it. I also filled in the
MAINTAINER, HOMEPAGE and
COMMENT fields. Then the package
Makefile looked like that:
# $NetBSD$ # DISTNAME= nvu-1.0-sources PKGNAME= nvu-1.0 CATEGORIES= www MASTER_SITES= http://cvs.nvu.com/download/ EXTRACT_SUFX= .tar.bz2 MAINTAINER= rillig@NetBSD.org HOMEPAGE= http://cvs.nvu.com/ COMMENT= Web Authoring System # url2pkg-marker (please do not remove this line.) .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
Then, I quit the editor and watched pkgsrc downloading a large source archive:
url2pkg> Running "make makesum" ... => Required installed package digest>=20010302: digest-20060826 found => Fetching nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2 Requesting http://cvs.nvu.com/download/nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2 100% |*************************************| 28992 KB 150.77 KB/s00:00 ETA 29687976 bytes retrieved in 03:12 (150.77 KB/s) url2pkg> Running "make extract" ... => Required installed package digest>=20010302: digest-20060826 found => Checksum SHA1 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2 => Checksum RMD160 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2 work.bacc -> /tmp/roland/pkgsrc/www/nvu/work.bacc ===> Installing dependencies for nvu-1.0 ===> Overriding tools for nvu-1.0 ===> Extracting for nvu-1.0 url2pkg> Adjusting the Makefile. Remember to correct CATEGORIES, HOMEPAGE, COMMENT, and DESCR when you're done! Good luck! (See pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt for some more help :-)
Now that the package has been extracted, let's see what's inside
it. The package has a README.txt, but that only
says something about mozilla, so it's probably useless for seeing what
dependencies this package has. But since there is a GNU configure script
in the package, let's hope that it will complain about everything it
needs.
$ bmake
=> Required installed package digest>=20010302: digest-20060826 found
=> Checksum SHA1 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
=> Checksum RMD160 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
===> Patching for nvu-1.0
===> Creating toolchain wrappers for nvu-1.0
===> Configuring for nvu-1.0
[...]
configure: error: Perl 5.004 or higher is required.
[...]
WARNING: Please add USE_TOOLS+=perl to the package Makefile.
[...]
That worked quite well. So I opened the package Makefile in my
editor, and since it already has a USE_TOOLS line, I
just appended “perl” to it. Since the dependencies of the
package have changed now, and since a perl wrapper is automatically
installed in the “tools” phase, I need to build the package
from scratch.
$bmake clean ===> Cleaning for nvu-1.0$bmake [...] *** /tmp/roland/pkgsrc/www/nvu/work.bacc/.tools/bin/make is not \ GNU Make. You will not be able to build Mozilla without GNU Make. [...]
So I added “gmake” to the
USE_TOOLS line and tried again (from scratch).
[...] checking for GTK - version >= 1.2.0... no *** Could not run GTK test program, checking why... [...]
Now to the other dependencies. The first question is: Where is the GTK package hidden in pkgsrc?
$echo ../../*/gtk* [many packages ...]$echo ../../*/gtk ../../x11/gtk$echo ../../*/gtk2 ../../x11/gtk2$echo ../../*/gtk2/bui* ../../x11/gtk2/buildlink3.mk
The first try was definitely too broad. The second one had exactly one result, which is very good. But there is one pitfall with GNOME packages. Before GNOME 2 had been released, there were already many GNOME 1 packages in pkgsrc. To be able to continue to use these packages, the GNOME 2 packages were imported as separate packages, and their names usually have a “2” appended. So I checked whether this was the case here, and indeed it was.
Since the GTK2 package has a buildlink3.mk
file, adding the dependency is very easy. I just inserted an
.include line before the last line of the package
Makefile, so that it now looks like this:
[...] .include "../../x11/gtk2/buildlink3.mk" .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk
After another bmake clean && bmake, the answer was:
[...] checking for gtk-config... /home/roland/pkg/bin/gtk-config checking for GTK - version >= 1.2.0... no *** Could not run GTK test program, checking why... *** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the *** exact error that occured. This usually means GTK was incorrectly installed *** or that you have moved GTK since it was installed. In the latter case, you *** may want to edit the gtk-config script: /home/roland/pkg/bin/gtk-config configure: error: Test for GTK failed. [...]
In this particular case, the assumption that “every package
prefers GNOME 2” had been wrong. The first of the lines above
told me that this package really wanted to have the GNOME 1 version of
GTK. If the package had looked for GTK2, it would have looked for
pkg-config instead of gtk-config.
So I changed the x11/gtk2 to
x11/gtk in the package Makefile,
and tried again.
[...] cc -o xpidl.o -c -DOSTYPE=\"NetBSD3\" -DOSARCH=\"NetBSD\" -I../../../dist/include/xpcom -I../../../dist/include -I/tmp/roland/pkgsrc/www/nvu/work.bacc/mozilla/dist/include/nspr -I/usr/X11R6/include -fPIC -DPIC -I/home/roland/pkg/include -I/usr/include -I/usr/X11R6/include -Wall -W -Wno-unused -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-align -Wno-long-long -pedantic -O2 -I/home/roland/pkg/include -I/usr/include -Dunix -pthread -pipe -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG -DDEBUG_roland -DTRACING -g -I/home/roland/pkg/include/glib/glib-1.2 -I/home/roland/pkg/lib/glib/include -I/usr/pkg/include/orbit-1.0 -I/home/roland/pkg/include -I/usr/include -I/usr/X11R6/include -include ../../../mozilla-config.h -DMOZILLA_CLIENT -Wp,-MD,.deps/xpidl.pp xpidl.c In file included from xpidl.c:42: xpidl.h:53:24: libIDL/IDL.h: No such file or directory In file included from xpidl.c:42: xpidl.h:132: error: parse error before "IDL_ns" [...]
The package still does not find all of its dependencies. Now the
question is: Which package provides the
libIDL/IDL.h header file?
$echo ../../*/*idl* ../../devel/py-idle ../../wip/idled ../../x11/acidlaunch$echo ../../*/*IDL* ../../net/libIDL
Let's take the one from the second try. So I included the
../../net/libIDL/buildlink3.mk file and tried
again. But the error didn't change. After digging through some of the
code, I concluded that the build process of the package was broken and
couldn't have ever worked, but since the Mozilla source tree is quite
large, I didn't want to fix it. So I added the following to the package
Makefile and tried again:
CPPFLAGS+= -I${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.libIDL}/include/libIDL-2.0
BUILDLINK_TRANSFORM+= -l:IDL:IDL-2
The latter line is needed because the package expects the library
libIDL.so, but only
libIDL-2.so is available. So I told the compiler
wrapper to rewrite that on the fly.
The next problem was related to a recent change of the FreeType
interface. I looked up in www/seamonkey
which patch files were relevant for this issue and copied them to the
patches directory. Then I retried, fixed the
patches so that they applied cleanly and retried again. This time,
everything worked.
Table of Contents
Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number of files involved which are described in the following sections.
Building, installation and creation of a binary package are all
controlled by the package's Makefile.
The Makefile describes various things about
a package, for example from where to get it, how to configure,
build, and install it.
A package Makefile contains several
sections that describe the package.
In the first section there are the following variables, which should appear exactly in the order given here. The order and grouping of the variables is mostly historical and has no further meaning.
DISTNAMEis the basename of the distribution file to be downloaded from the package's website.PKGNAMEis the name of the package, as used by pkgsrc. You only need to provide it ifDISTNAME(which is the default) is not a good name for the package in pkgsrc. Usually it is the pkgsrc directory name together with the version number. It must match the regular expression^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9-_.+]*$, that is, it starts with a letter or digit, and contains only letters, digits, dashes, underscores, dots and plus signs.SVR4_PKGNAMEis the name of the package file to create if thePKGNAMEisn't unique on a SVR4 system. The default isPKGNAME, which may be shortened when you usepkgtools/gensolpkg. Only addSVR4_PKGNAMEifPKGNAMEdoes not produce an unique package name on a SVR4 system. The length ofSVR4_PKGNAMEis limited to 5 characters.-
CATEGORIESis a list of categories which the package fits in. You can choose any of the top-level directories of pkgsrc for it.Currently the following values are available for
CATEGORIES. If more than one is used, they need to be separated by spaces:archivers cross geography meta-pkgs security audio databases graphics misc shells benchmarks devel ham multimedia sysutils biology editors inputmethod net textproc cad emulators lang news time chat finance mail parallel wm comms fonts math pkgtools www converters games mbone print x11
MASTER_SITES,DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES,DIST_SUBDIR,EXTRACT_SUFXandDISTFILESare discussed in detail in Section 17.5, “The fetch phase”.
The second section contains information about separately downloaded patches, if any.
PATCHFILES:Name(s) of additional files that contain distribution patches. There is no default. pkgsrc will look for them atPATCH_SITES. They will automatically be uncompressed before patching if the names end with.gzor.Z.PATCH_SITES: Primary location(s) for distribution patch files (seePATCHFILESbelow) if not found locally.
The third section contains the following variables.
MAINTAINERis the email address of the person who feels responsible for this package, and who is most likely to look at problems or questions regarding this package which have been reported with send-pr(1). Other developers may contact theMAINTAINERbefore making changes to the package, but are not required to do so. When packaging a new program, setMAINTAINERto yourself. If you really can't maintain the package for future updates, set it to<pkgsrc-users@NetBSD.org>.OWNERshould be used instead ofMAINTAINERwhen you do not want other developers to update or change the package without contacting you first. A package Makefile should contain one ofMAINTAINERorOWNER, but not both.HOMEPAGEis a URL where users can find more information about the package.COMMENTis a one-line description of the package (should not include the package name).
Other variables that affect the build:
-
WRKSRC: The directory where the interesting distribution files of the package are found. The default is${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}, which works for most packages.If a package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself (most GNU software does, for instance), but extracts itself in the current directory, you should set
WRKSRC=${WRKDIR}.If a package doesn't create a subdirectory with the name of
DISTNAMEbut some different name, setWRKSRCto point to the proper name in${WRKDIR}, for exampleWRKSRC=${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix. Seelang/tclandx11/tkfor other examples.The name of the working directory created by pkgsrc is taken from the
WRKDIR_BASENAMEvariable. By default, its value iswork. If you want to use the same pkgsrc tree for building different kinds of binary packages, you can change the variable according to your needs. Two other variables handle common cases of settingWRKDIR_BASENAMEindividually. IfOBJHOSTNAMEis defined inmk.conf, the first component of the host's name is attached to the directory name. IfOBJMACHINEis defined, the platform name is attached, which might look likework.i386orwork.sparc.
Please pay attention to the following gotchas:
Add
MANCOMPRESSEDif man pages are installed in compressed form by the package. For packages using BSD-style makefiles which honor MANZ, there isMANCOMPRESSED_IF_MANZ.Replace
/usr/localwith “${PREFIX}” in all files (see patches, below).If the package installs any info files, see Section 19.6.7, “Packages installing info files”.
The distinfo file contains the message
digest, or checksum, of each distfile needed for the package. This
ensures that the distfiles retrieved from the Internet have not been
corrupted during transfer or altered by a malign force to introduce
a security hole. Due to recent rumor about weaknesses of digest
algorithms, all distfiles are protected using both SHA1 and RMD160
message digests, as well as the file size.
The distinfo file also contains the
checksums for all the patches found in the
patches directory (see Section 11.3, “patches/*”).
To regenerate the distinfo file, use the
make makedistinfo or make mdi
command.
Some packages have different sets of distfiles depending on
the platform, for example www/navigator). These are kept in the same
distinfo file and care should be taken when
upgrading such a package to ensure distfile information is not
lost.
Many packages still don't work out-of-the box on the various
platforms that are supported by pkgsrc. Therefore, a number of custom
patch files are needed to make the package work. These patch files are
found in the patches/ directory.
In the patch phase, these patches are
applied to the files in WRKSRC directory after
extracting them, in alphabetic
order, so patch-aa is applied before
patch-ab, etc.
The patch-* files should be in
diff -bu format, and apply without a fuzz to avoid
problems. (To force patches to apply with fuzz you can set
PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2). Furthermore, each patch
should contain only changes for a single file, and no file should be
patched by more than one patch file. This helps to keep future
modifications simple.
Each patch file is structured as follows: In the first line, there is the RCS Id of the patch itself. The second line should be empty for aesthetic reasons. After that, there should be a comment for each change that the patch does. There are a number of standard cases:
Patches that replace the
==operator for test(1) with=in shell scripts are so common that they don't need a comment at all.Patches for commonly known vulnerabilities should mention the vulnerability ID (CAN, CVE).
Patches that change source code should mention the platform and other environment (for example, the compiler) that the patch is needed for.
In all other cases, the patch should be commented so that any developer who knows the code of the application can make some use of the patch. Special care should be taken for the upstream developers, since we generally want that they accept our patches, so we have less work in the future.
One important thing to mention is to pay attention that no RCS
IDs get stored in the patch files, as these will cause problems when
later checked into the NetBSD CVS tree. Use the
pkgdiff command from the pkgtools/pkgdiff package to avoid these
problems.
For even more automation, we recommend using
mkpatches from the same package to make a
whole set of patches. You just have to backup files before you
edit them to filename.orig, e.g. with
cp -p filename filename.orig or, easier, by
using pkgvi again from the same package. If
you upgrade a package this way, you can easily compare the new
set of patches with the previously existing one with
patchdiff. Copy the patches you want to use
or update from the work/.newpatches
directory to patches/.
When you have finished a package, remember to generate the checksums for the patch files by using the make makepatchsum command, see Section 11.2, “distinfo”.
When adding a patch that corrects a problem in the distfile (rather than e.g. enforcing pkgsrc's view of where man pages should go), send the patch as a bug report to the maintainer. This benefits non-pkgsrc users of the package, and usually makes it possible to remove the patch in future version.
The file names of the patch files are usually of the form
patch-.[a-z][a-z]
If you want to share patches between multiple packages
in pkgsrc, e.g. because they use the same distfiles, set
PATCHDIR to the path where the patch files
can be found, e.g.:
PATCHDIR= ${.CURDIR}/../xemacs/patches
Patch files that are distributed by the author or other
maintainers can be listed in
PATCHFILES.
If it is desired to store any patches that should not be
committed into pkgsrc, they can be kept outside the pkgsrc
tree in the $LOCALPATCHES directory. The
directory tree there is expected to have the same
“category/package” structure as pkgsrc, and
patches are expected to be stored inside these dirs (also
known as $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH). For
example, if you want to keep a private patch for
pkgsrc/graphics/png, keep it in
$LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch. All
files in the named directory are expected to be patch files,
and they are applied after pkgsrc patches are
applied.
When fixing a portability issue in the code do not use preprocessor magic to check for the current operating system nor platform. Doing so hurts portability to other platforms because the OS-specific details are not abstracted appropriately.
The general rule to follow is: instead of checking for the
operating system the application is being built on, check for the
specific features you need. For example,
instead of assuming that kqueue is available under NetBSD and
using the __NetBSD__ macro to conditionalize
kqueue support, add a check that detects kqueue itself —
yes, this generally involves patching the
configure script. There is absolutely nothing
that prevents some OSes from adopting interfaces from other OSes
(e.g. Linux implementing kqueue), something that the above checks
cannot take into account.
Of course, checking for features generally involves more work on the developer's side, but the resulting changes are cleaner and there are chances they will work on many other platforms. Not to mention that there are higher chances of being later integrated into the mainstream sources. Remember: It doesn't work unless it is right!
Some typical examples:
Table 11.1. Patching examples
| Where | Incorrect | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| configure script |
case ${target_os} in
netbsd*) have_kvm=yes ;;
*) have_kvm=no ;;
esac
|
AC_CHECK_LIB(kvm, kvm_open, have_kvm=yes, have_kvm=no) |
| C source file |
#if defined(__NetBSD__) # include <sys/event.h> #endif |
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H) # include <sys/event.h> #endif |
| C source file |
int
monitor_file(...)
{
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
int fd = kqueue();
...
#else
...
#endif
}
|
int
monitor_file(...)
{
#if defined(HAVE_KQUEUE)
int fd = kqueue();
...
#else
...
#endif
}
|
For more information, please read the Making packager-friendly software article (part 1, part 2). It summarizes multiple details on how to make software easier to package; all the suggestions in it were collected from our experience in pkgsrc work, so they are possibly helpful when creating patches too.
Always, always, always feed back any portability fixes or improvements you do to a package to the mainstream developers. This is the only way to get their attention on portability issues and to ensure that future versions can be built out-of-the box on NetBSD. Furthermore, any user that gets newer distfiles will get the fixes straight from the packaged code.
This generally involves cleaning up the patches (because sometimes the patches that are added to pkgsrc are quick hacks), filling bug reports in the appropriate trackers for the projects and working with the mainstream authors to accept your changes. It is extremely important that you do it so that the packages in pkgsrc are kept simple and thus further changes can be done without much hassle.
Support the idea of free software!
DESCRA multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include any credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not share your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others will read everything that you write here.
PLISTThis file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of directories, and the location of inserted files. See Chapter 13, PLIST issues for more information.
INSTALLThis shell script is invoked twice by pkg_add(1). First time after package extraction and before files are moved in place, the second time after the files to install are moved in place. This can be used to do any custom procedures not possible with @exec commands in
PLIST. See pkg_add(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information. See also Section 15.1, “Files and directories outside the installation prefix”.DEINSTALLThis script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is this script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details around the package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information.
MESSAGE-
This file is displayed after installation of the package. Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software and hints for updating config files after installing modules for apache, PHP etc. Please note that you can modify variables in it easily by using
MESSAGE_SUBSTin the package'sMakefile:MESSAGE_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
replaces "${SOMEVAR}" with “somevalue” in
MESSAGE. By default, substitution is performed forPKGNAME,PKGBASE,PREFIX,LOCALBASE,X11PREFIX,X11BASE,PKG_SYSCONFDIR,ROOT_GROUP, andROOT_USER.You can display a different or additional files by setting the
MESSAGE_SRCvariable. Its default isMESSAGE, if the file exists. ALTERNATIVESFIXME: There is no documentation on the alternatives framework.
Makefile.commonThis file contains arbitrary things that could also go into a
Makefile, but its purpose is to be used by more than one package. This file should only be used when the packages that will use the file are known in advance. For other purposes it is often better to write a*.mkfile and give it a good name that describes what it does.buildlink3.mkThis file contains the dependency information for the buildlink3 framework (see Chapter 14, Buildlink methodology).
hacks.mkThis file contains workarounds for compiler bugs and similar things. It is included automatically by the pkgsrc infrastructure, so you don't need an extra
.includeline for it.options.mkThis file contains the code for the package-specific options (see Chapter 16, Options handling) that can be selected by the user. If a package has only one or two options, it is equally acceptable to put the code directly into the
Makefile.
When you type make, the distribution files are
unpacked into the directory denoted by
WRKDIR. It can be removed by running
make clean. Besides the sources, this
directory is also used to keep various timestamp files.
The directory gets removed completely on clean.
The default is ${.CURDIR}/work
or ${.CURDIR}/work.${MACHINE_ARCH}
if OBJMACHINE is set.
If you have any files that you wish to be placed in the package prior
to configuration or building, you could place these files here and use
a ${CP} command in the
“pre-configure” target to achieve
this. Alternatively, you could simply diff the file against
/dev/null and use the patch mechanism to manage
the creation of this file.
If you want to share files in this way with other
packages, set the FILESDIR variable to point
to the other package's files directory,
e.g.:
FILESDIR=${.CURDIR}/../xemacs/files
Table of Contents
Pkgsrc consists of many Makefile fragments,
each of which forms a well-defined part of the pkgsrc system. Using
the make(1) system as a programming language for a big system
like pkgsrc requires some discipline to keep the code correct and
understandable.
The basic ingredients for Makefile
programming are variables (which are actually macros) and shell
commands. Among these shell commands may even be more complex ones
like awk(1) programs. To make sure that every shell command runs
as intended it is necessary to quote all variables correctly when they
are used.
This chapter describes some patterns, that appear quite often in
Makefiles, including the pitfalls that come along
with them.
-
When you are creating a file as a target of a rule, always write the data to a temporary file first and finally rename that file. Otherwise there might occur an error in the middle of generating the file, and when the user runs make(1) for the second time, the file exists and will not be regenerated properly. Example:
wrong: @echo "line 1" > ${.TARGET} @echo "line 2" >> ${.TARGET} @false correct: @echo "line 1" > ${.TARGET}.tmp @echo "line 2" >> ${.TARGET}.tmp @false @mv ${.TARGET}.tmp ${.TARGET}When you run make wrong twice, the file
wrongwill exist, although there was an error message in the first run. On the other hand, running make correct gives an error message twice, as expected.You might remember that make(1) sometimes removes
${.TARGET}in case of error, but this only happens when it is interrupted, for example by pressing^C. This does not happen when one of the commands fails (like false(1) above).
Makefile variables contain strings that
can be processed using the five operators ``='', ``+='', ``?='',
``:='', and ``!='', which are described in the make(1) man
page.
When a variable's value is parsed from a
Makefile, the hash character ``#'' and the
backslash character ``\'' are handled specially. If a backslash is
followed by a newline, any whitespace immediately in front of the
backslash, the backslash, the newline, and any whitespace
immediately behind the newline are replaced with a single space. A
backslash character and an immediately following hash character are
replaced with a single hash character. Otherwise, the backslash is
passed as is. In a variable assignment, any hash character that is
not preceded by a backslash starts a comment that continues upto the
end of the logical line.
Note: Because of this parsing algorithm
the only way to create a variable consisting of a single backslash
is using the ``!='' operator, for example: BACKSLASH!=echo "\\".
So far for defining variables. The other thing you can do with variables is evaluating them. A variable is evaluated when it is part of the right side of the ``:='' or the ``!='' operator, or directly before executing a shell command which the variable is part of. In all other cases, make(1) performs lazy evaluation, that is, variables are not evaluated until there's no other way. The ``modifiers'' mentioned in the man page also evaluate the variable.
Some of the modifiers split the string into words and then operate on the words, others operate on the string as a whole. When a string is split into words, it is split as you would expect it from sh(1).
No rule without exception—the .for loop does not follow the shell quoting rules but splits at sequences of whitespace.
There are several types of variables that should be handled differently. Strings and two types of lists.
Strings can contain arbitrary characters. Nevertheless, you should restrict yourself to only using printable characters. Examples are
PREFIXandCOMMENT.Internal lists are lists that are never exported to any shell command. Their elements are separated by whitespace. Therefore, the elements themselves cannot have embedded whitespace. Any other characters are allowed. Internal lists can be used in .for loops. Examples are
DEPENDSandBUILD_DEPENDS.External lists are lists that may be exported to a shell command. Their elements can contain any characters, including whitespace. That's why they cannot be used in .for loops. Examples are
DISTFILESandMASTER_SITES.
All variable names starting with an underscore are reserved for use by the pkgsrc infrastructure. They shall not be used by package
Makefiles.In .for loops you should use lowercase variable names for the iteration variables.
All list variables should have a ``plural'' name, e.g.
PKG_OPTIONSorDISTFILES.
This section presents you with some code snippets you should use in your own code. If you don't find anything appropriate here, you should test your code and add it here.
STRING= foo * bar `date`
INT_LIST= # empty
ANOTHER_INT_LIST= apache-[0-9]*:../../www/apache
EXT_LIST= # empty
ANOTHER_EXT_LIST= a=b c=d
INT_LIST+= ${STRING} # 1
INT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_INT_LIST} # 2
EXT_LIST+= ${STRING:Q} # 3
EXT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_EXT_LIST} # 4
When you add a string to an external list (example 3), it must be quoted. In all other cases, you must not add a quoting level. You must not merge internal and external lists, unless you are sure that all entries are correctly interpreted in both lists.
EXT_LIST= # empty
.for i in ${INT_LIST}
EXT_LIST+= ${i:Q}""
.endfor
This code converts the internal list
INT_LIST into the external list
EXT_LIST. As the elements of an internal list
are unquoted they must be quoted here. The reason for appending
"" is explained below.
Sometimes you may want to print an arbitrary string. There are many ways to get it wrong and only few that can handle every nastiness.
STRING= foo bar < > * `date` $$HOME ' "
EXT_LIST= string=${STRING:Q} x=second\ item
all:
echo ${STRING} # 1
echo "${STRING}" # 2
echo "${STRING:Q}" # 3
echo ${STRING:Q} # 4
echo x${STRING:Q} | sed 1s,.,, # 5
printf "%s\\n" ${STRING:Q}"" # 6
env ${EXT_LIST} /bin/sh -c 'echo "$$string"; echo "$$x"'
Example 1 leads to a syntax error in the shell, as the characters are just copied.
Example 2 leads to a syntax error too, and if you leave out
the last " character from ${STRING},
date(1) will be executed. The $HOME shell
variable would be evaluated, too.
Example 3 outputs each space character preceded by a backslash (or not), depending on the implementation of the echo(1) command.
Example 4 handles correctly every string that does not start with a dash. In that case, the result depends on the implementation of the echo(1) command. As long as you can guarantee that your input does not start with a dash, this form is appropriate.
Example 5 handles even the case of a leading dash correctly.
Example 6 also works with every string and is the light-weight solution, since it does not involve a pipe, which has its own problems.
The EXT_LIST does not need to be quoted
because the quoting has already been done when adding elements to
the list.
As internal lists shall not be passed to the shell, there is no example for it.
There are many possible sources of wrongly quoted variables. This section lists some of the commonly known ones.
-
Whenever you use the value of a list, think about what happens to leading or trailing whitespace. If the list is a well-formed shell expression, you can apply the
:M*modifier to strip leading and trailing whitespace from each word. The:Moperator first splits its argument according to the rules of the shell, and then creates a new list consisting of all words that match the shell glob expression*, that is: all. One class of situations where this is needed is when adding a variable likeCPPFLAGStoCONFIGURE_ARGS. If the configure script invokes other configure scripts, it strips the leading and trailing whitespace from the variable and then passes it to the other configure scripts. But these configure scripts expect the (child)CPPFLAGSvariable to be the same as the parentCPPFLAGS. That's why we better pass theCPPFLAGSvalue properly trimmed. And here is how we do it:CPPFLAGS= # empty CPPFLAGS+= -Wundef -DPREFIX=\"${PREFIX:Q}\" CPPFLAGS+= ${MY_CPPFLAGS} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= CPPFLAGS=${CPPFLAGS:M*:Q} all: echo x${CPPFLAGS:Q}x # leading and trailing whitespace echo x${CONFIGURE_ARGS}x # properly trimmed The example above contains one bug: The
${PREFIX}is a properly quoted shell expression, but there is the C compiler after it, which also expects a properly quoted string (this time in C syntax). The version above is therefore only correct if${PREFIX}does not have embedded backslashes or double quotes. If you want to allow these, you have to add another layer of quoting to each variable that is used as a C string literal. You cannot use the:Qoperator for it, as this operator only works for the shell.-
Whenever a variable can be empty, the
:Qoperator can have surprising results. Here are two completely different cases which can be solved with the same trick.EMPTY= # empty empty_test: for i in a ${EMPTY:Q} c; do \ echo "$$i"; \ done for_test: .for i in a:\ a:\test.txt echo ${i:Q} echo "foo" .endforThe first example will only print two of the three lines we might have expected. This is because
${EMPTY:Q}expands to the empty string, which the shell cannot see. The workaround is to write${EMPTY:Q}"". This pattern can be often found as${TEST} -z ${VAR:Q}or as${TEST} -f ${FNAME:Q}(both of these are wrong).The second example will only print three lines instead of four. The first line looks like
a:\ echo foo. This is because the backslash of the valuea:\is interpreted as a line-continuation by make(1), which makes the second line the arguments of the echo(1) command from the first line. To avoid this, write${i:Q}"".
The pkgsrc bmake program does not handle the following
assignment correctly. In case _othervar_
contains a ``-'' character, one of the closing braces is included
in ${VAR} after this code executes.
VAR:= ${VAR:N${_othervar_:C/-//}}
For a more complex code snippet and a workaround, see the
package regress/make-quoting, testcase
bug1.
Table of Contents
The PLIST file contains a package's
“packing list”, i.e. a list of files that belong to
the package (relative to the ${PREFIX}
directory it's been installed in) plus some additional statements
- see the pkg_create(1) man page for a full list.
This chapter addresses some issues that need attention when
dealing with the PLIST file (or files, see
below!).
Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any
PLIST file you write:
@comment $NetBSD$
You can use the make print-PLIST command to output a PLIST that matches any new files since the package was extracted. See Section 17.17, “Other helpful targets” for more information on this target.
If you have used any of the *-dirs packages, as explained in
Section 13.8, “Sharing directories between packages”, you may have noticed that
make print-PLIST outputs a set of
@comments instead of real
@dirrm lines. You can also do this for
specific directories and files, so that the results of that
command are very close to reality. This helps a
lot during the update of packages.
The PRINT_PLIST_AWK variable takes a set
of AWK patterns and actions that are used to filter the output of
print-PLIST. You can append any chunk of AWK
scripting you like to it, but be careful with quoting.
For example, to get all files inside the
libdata/foo directory removed from the
resulting PLIST:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^libdata\/foo/ { next; }
And to get all the @dirrm lines referring
to a specific (shared) directory converted to
@comments:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^@dirrm share\/specific/ { print "@comment " $$0; next; }
A number of variables are substituted automatically in PLISTs when a package is installed on a system. This includes the following variables:
${MACHINE_ARCH},${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}-
Some packages like emacs and perl embed information about which architecture they were built on into the pathnames where they install their files. To handle this case, PLIST will be preprocessed before actually used, and the symbol “
${MACHINE_ARCH}” will be replaced by what uname -p gives. The same is done if the string${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}is embedded in PLIST somewhere - use this on packages that have GNU autoconf-created configure scripts.Legacy note
There used to be a symbol “
$ARCH” that was replaced by the output of uname -m, but that's no longer supported and has been removed. ${OPSYS},${LOWER_OPSYS},${OS_VERSION}-
Some packages want to embed the OS name and version into some paths. To do this, use these variables in the
PLIST:${OPSYS}- output of “uname -s”${LOWER_OPSYS}- lowercase common name (eg. “solaris”)${OS_VERSION}- “uname -r”
For a complete list of values which are replaced by
default, please look in bsd.pkg.mk (and
search for PLIST_SUBST).
If you want to change other variables not listed above, you
can add variables and their expansions to this variable in the
following way, similar to MESSAGE_SUBST (see Section 11.5, “Optional files”):
PLIST_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
This replaces all occurrences of “${SOMEVAR}”
in the PLIST with
“somevalue”.
Man pages should be installed in compressed form if
MANZ is set (in bsd.own.mk),
and uncompressed otherwise. To handle this in the
PLIST file, the suffix “.gz” is
appended/removed automatically for man pages according to
MANZ and MANCOMPRESSED being set
or not, see above for details. This modification of the
PLIST file is done on a copy of it, not
PLIST itself.
To use one or more files as source for the PLIST used
in generating the binary package, set the variable
PLIST_SRC to the names of that file(s).
The files are later concatenated using cat(1), and the order of things is
important. The default for PLIST_SRC is
${PKGDIR}/PLIST.
Some packages decide to install a different set of files based on the operating system being used. These differences can be automatically handled by using the following files:
PLIST.commonPLIST.${OPSYS}PLIST.${MACHINE_ARCH}PLIST.${OPSYS}-${MACHINE_ARCH}PLIST.common_end
A “shared directory” is a directory where multiple (and unrelated) packages install files. These directories are problematic because you have to add special tricks in the PLIST to conditionally remove them, or have some centralized package handle them.
Within pkgsrc, you'll find both approaches. If a directory is shared by a few unrelated packages, it's often not worth to add an extra package to remove it. Therefore, one simply does:
@unexec ${RMDIR} %D/path/to/shared/directory 2>/dev/null || ${TRUE}
in the PLISTs of all affected packages, instead of the regular "@dirrm" line.
However, if the directory is shared across many packages, two different solutions are available:
If the packages have a common dependency, the directory can be removed in that. For example, see
textproc/scrollkeeper, which removes the shared directoryshare/omf.If the packages using the directory are not related at all (they have no common dependencies), a *-dirs package is used.
From now on, we'll discuss the second solution. To get an idea of the *-dirs packages available, issue:
%cd .../pkgsrc%ls -d */*-dirs
Their use from other packages is very simple. The
USE_DIRS variable takes a list of package names
(without the “-dirs” part) together with the required
version number (always pick the latest one when writing new
packages).
For example, if a package installs files under
share/applications, it should have the
following line in it:
USE_DIRS+= xdg-1.1
After regenerating the PLIST using make print-PLIST, you should get the right (commented out) lines.
Note that even if your package is using
$X11BASE, it must not depend on the
*-x11-dirs packages. Just specify the name without that part and
pkgsrc (in particular, mk/dirs.mk) will take
care of it.
Table of Contents
Buildlink is a framework in pkgsrc that controls what headers and libraries are seen by a package's configure and build processes. This is implemented in a two step process:
Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies into
BUILDLINK_DIR, which by default is a subdirectory ofWRKDIR.Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of the normal compiler tools that translate
-I${LOCALBASE}/includeand-L${LOCALBASE}/libinto references toBUILDLINK_DIR. The wrapper scripts also make native compiler on some operating systems look like GCC, so that packages that expect GCC won't require modifications to build with those native compilers.
This normalizes the environment in which a package is built so that the
package may be built consistently despite what other software may be
installed. Please note that the normal system header and library paths,
e.g. /usr/include,
/usr/lib, etc., are always searched -- buildlink3 is
designed to insulate the package build from non-system-supplied
software.
The process of converting packages to use the buildlink3 framework (“bl3ifying”) is fairly straightforward. The things to keep in mind are:
Ensure that the build always calls the wrapper scripts instead of the actual toolchain. Some packages are tricky, and the only way to know for sure is the check
${WRKDIR}/.work.logto see if the wrappers are being invoked.Don't override
PREFIXfrom within the package Makefile, e.g. Java VMs, standalone shells, etc., because the code to symlink files into${BUILDLINK_DIR}looks for files relative to “pkg_info -qppkgname”.Remember that only the
buildlink3.mkfiles that you list in a package's Makefile are added as dependencies for that package.
If a dependency on a particular package is required for its libraries and headers, then we replace:
DEPENDS+= foo>=1.1.0:../../category/foo
with
.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
The buildlink3.mk files usually define the required dependencies. If you need a newer version of the dependency when using buildlink3.mk files, then you can define it in your Makefile; for example:
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.foo+= foo>=1.1.0 .include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
There are several buildlink3.mk
files in pkgsrc/mk
that handle special package issues:
bdb.buildlink3.mkchooses either the native or a pkgsrc Berkeley DB implementation based on the values ofBDB_ACCEPTEDandBDB_DEFAULT.curses.buildlink3.mk: If the system comes with neither Curses nor NCurses, this will take care to install thedevel/ncursespackage.krb5.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofKRB5_ACCEPTEDto choose between adding a dependency on Heimdal or MIT-krb5 for packages that require a Kerberos 5 implementation.motif.buildlink3.mkchecks for a system-provided Motif installation or adds a dependency onx11/lesstiforx11/openmotif. The user can setMOTIF_TYPEto “dt”, “lesstif”, or “openmotif” to choose which Motif version will be used.oss.buildlink3.mkdefines several variables that may be used by packages that use the Open Sound System (OSS) API.pgsql.buildlink3.mkwill accept either Postgres 8.0, 8.1, or 8.2, whichever is found installed. See the file for more information.pthread.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofPTHREAD_OPTSand checks for native pthreads or adds a dependency ondevel/pthas needed.xaw.buildlink3.mkuses the value ofXAW_TYPEto choose a particular Athena widgets library.
The comments in those buildlink3.mk
files provide a more complete
description of how to use them properly.
A package's buildlink3.mk file is
included by Makefiles to indicate the need to compile and link
against header files and libraries provided by the package. A
buildlink3.mk file should always provide
enough information to add the correct type of dependency
relationship and include any other
buildlink3.mk files that it needs to find
headers and libraries that it needs in turn.
To generate an initial buildlink3.mk
file for further editing, Rene Hexel's pkgtools/createbuildlink
package is highly recommended. For most packages, the following
command will generate a good starting point for
buildlink3.mk files:
%cd pkgsrc/category/pkgdir%createbuildlink >buildlink3.mk
The following real-life example
buildlink3.mk is taken
from pkgsrc/graphics/tiff:
# $NetBSD: buildlink3.mk,v 1.7 2004/03/18 09:12:12 jlam Exp $
BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH}+
TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:= ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK}+
.if ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH} == "+"
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS+= tiff
.endif
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:= ${BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:Ntiff}
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+= tiff
.if ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK} == "+"
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.tiff+= tiff>=3.6.1
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?= ../../graphics/tiff
.endif # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK
.include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH:S/+$//}
The header and footer manipulate
BUILDLINK_DEPTH, which is common across all
buildlink3.mk files and is used to track
at what depth we are including
buildlink3.mk files.
The first section controls if the dependency on
pkg is added.
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS is the global list of
packages for which dependencies are added by
buildlink3.
The second section advises pkgsrc that the
buildlink3.mk file for
pkg has been included at some point.
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES is the global list of
packages for which buildlink3.mk files
have been included. It must always be
appended to within a buildlink3.mk
file.
The third section is protected from multiple inclusion
and controls how the dependency on pkg is
added. Several important variables are set in the section:
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.is the actual dependency recorded in the installed package; this should always be set using += to ensure that we're appending to any pre-existing list of values. This variable should be set to the first version of the package that had an API change.pkgBUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.is the location of thepkgpkgpkgsrc directory.BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.(not shown above) controls whether we usepkgBUILD_DEPENDSorDEPENDSto add the dependency onpkg. The build dependency is selected by settingBUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.to “build”. By default, the full dependency is used.pkgBUILDLINK_INCDIRS.andpkgBUILDLINK_LIBDIRS.(not shown above) are lists of subdirectories ofpkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.to add to the header and library search paths. These default to “include” and “lib” respectively.pkg}BUILDLINK_CPPFLAGS.(not shown above) is the list of preprocessor flags to add topkgCPPFLAGS, which are passed on to the configure and build phases. The “-I” option should be avoided and instead be handled usingBUILDLINK_INCDIRS.as above.pkg
The following variables are all optionally defined within
this second section (protected against multiple inclusion) and
control which package files are symlinked into
${BUILDLINK_DIR} and how their names are
transformed during the symlinking:
BUILDLINK_FILES.(not shown above) is a shell glob pattern relative topkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.to be symlinked intopkg}${BUILDLINK_DIR}, e.g.include/*.h.BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.(not shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs to stdout a list of files relative topkg${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.. The resulting files are to be symlinked intopkg}${BUILDLINK_DIR}. By default, this takes the+CONTENTSof apkgand filters it through${BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER..pkg}BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.(not shown above) is a filter command that filterspkg+CONTENTSinput into a list of files relative to${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.on stdout. By default for overwrite packages,pkg}BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.outputs the contents of thepkgincludeandlibdirectories in the package+CONTENTS, and for pkgviews packages, it outputs any libtool archives inlibdirectories.BUILDLINK_FNAME_TRANSFORM.(not shown above) is a list of sed arguments used to transform the name of the source filename into a destination filename, e.g. -e "s|/curses.h|/ncurses.h|g".pkg
The last section includes any
buildlink3.mk needed for
pkg's library dependencies.
Including these buildlink3.mk files
means that the headers and libraries for these
dependencies are also symlinked into
${BUILDLINK_DIR}
whenever the pkg
buildlink3.mk
file is included.
The situation that requires increasing the dependency listed in
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.
after a package update is when the API or interface to the
header files change.pkg
In this case,
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.
should be adjusted to require at least the new package
version. In some cases, the packages that depend on this new
version may need their pkgPKGREVISIONs
increased and, if they have buildlink3.mk
files, their
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.
adjusted, too. This is needed so pkgsrc will require the
correct package dependency and not settle for an older one
when building the source.pkg
BUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS.
should be increased when the binary interface or sonames
(major number of the library version) of any installed
shared libraries change. This is needed so that binary
packages made using it will require the correct package
dependency and not settle for an older one which will not
contain the necessary shared libraries.pkg
See Section 19.1.6, “Handling dependencies” for
more information about dependencies on other packages,
including the BUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS and
ABI_DEPENDS definitions.
Please take careful consideration before adjusting
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.
or
pkgBUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS.
as we don't want to cause unneeded package deletions and
rebuilds. In many cases, new versions of packages work just
fine with older dependencies.pkg
Also it is not needed to set
BUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS.
when it is identical to
pkgBUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.. pkg
Some packages in pkgsrc install headers and libraries that
coincide with headers and libraries present in the base system.
Aside from a buildlink3.mk file, these
packages should also include a builtin.mk
file that includes the necessary checks to decide whether using
the built-in software or the pkgsrc software is
appropriate.
The only requirements of a builtin.mk file for
pkg are:
It should set
USE_BUILTIN.to either “yes” or “no” after it is included.pkgIt should not override any
USE_BUILTIN.which is already set before thepkgbuiltin.mkfile is included.It should be written to allow multiple inclusion. This is very important and takes careful attention to
Makefilecoding.
The following is the recommended template for builtin.mk files:
.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo)
#
# IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo"
# genuinely exists in the system or not.
#
IS_BUILTIN.foo?= no
# BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package
# version can be determined.
#
. if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
BUILTIN_PKG.foo?= foo-1.0
. endif
.endif # IS_BUILTIN.foo
.if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo)
USE_BUILTIN.foo?= ${IS_BUILTIN.foo}
. if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo)
. for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.foo}
. if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
USE_BUILTIN.foo!= \
${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo} \
&& ${ECHO} "yes" || ${ECHO} "no"
. endif
. endfor
. endif
.endif # USE_BUILTIN.foo
CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?= no
.if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO])
#
# Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to
# "yes" or "no".
#
.endif # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo
The first section sets
IS_BUILTIN.
depending on if pkgpkg really exists
in the base system. This should not be a base system software
with similar functionality to pkg;
it should only be “yes” if the actual package is
included as part of the base system. This variable is only
used internally within the builtin.mk
file.
The second section sets
BUILTIN_PKG.
to the version of pkgpkg in the base
system if it exists (if
IS_BUILTIN.
is “yes”). This variable is only used internally
within the pkgbuiltin.mk file.
The third section sets
USE_BUILTIN.
and is required in all
pkgbuiltin.mk files. The code in this
section must make the determination whether the built-in
software is adequate to satisfy the dependencies listed in
BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS..
This is typically done by comparing
pkgBUILTIN_PKG.
against each of the dependencies in
pkgBUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS..
pkgUSE_BUILTIN.
must be set to the correct value by the
end of the pkgbuiltin.mk file. Note that
USE_BUILTIN.
may be “yes” even if
pkgIS_BUILTIN.
is “no” because we may make the determination
that the built-in version of the software is similar enough to
be used as a replacement.pkg
The last section is guarded by
CHECK_BUILTIN.,
and includes code that uses the value of
pkgUSE_BUILTIN.
set in the previous section. This typically includes, e.g.,
adding additional dependency restrictions and listing additional
files to symlink into pkg${BUILDLINK_DIR} (via
BUILDLINK_FILES.).pkg
When building packages, it's possible to choose whether to set
a global preference for using either the built-in (native)
version or the pkgsrc version of software to satisfy a
dependency. This is controlled by setting
PREFER_PKGSRC and
PREFER_NATIVE. These variables take values
of either “yes”, “no”, or a list of
packages. PREFER_PKGSRC tells pkgsrc to
use the pkgsrc versions of software, while
PREFER_NATIVE tells pkgsrc to use the
built-in versions. Preferences are determined by the most
specific instance of the package in either
PREFER_PKGSRC or
PREFER_NATIVE. If a package is specified
in neither or in both variables, then
PREFER_PKGSRC has precedence over
PREFER_NATIVE. For example, to require
using pkgsrc versions of software for all but the most basic
bits on a NetBSD system, you can set:
PREFER_PKGSRC= yes PREFER_NATIVE= getopt skey tcp_wrappers
A package must have a
builtin.mk
file to be listed in PREFER_NATIVE,
otherwise it is simply ignored in that list.
Table of Contents
This chapter describes the framework known as
pkginstall, whose key features are:
Generic installation and manipulation of directories and files outside the pkgsrc-handled tree,
LOCALBASE.Automatic handling of configuration files during installation, provided that packages are correctly designed.
Generation and installation of system startup scripts.
Registration of system users and groups.
Registration of system shells.
Automatic updating of fonts databases.
The following sections inspect each of the above points in detail.
You may be thinking that many of the things described here could be
easily done with simple code in the package's post-installation target
(post-install). This is incorrect,
as the code in them is only executed when building from source. Machines
using binary packages could not benefit from it at all (as the code itself
could be unavailable). Therefore, the only way to achieve any of the items
described above is by means of the installation scripts, which are
automatically generated by pkginstall.
As you already know, the PLIST file holds a list
of files and directories that belong to a package. The names used in it
are relative to the installation prefix (${PREFIX}),
which means that it cannot register files outside this directory (absolute
path names are not allowed). Despite this restriction, some packages need
to install files outside this location; e.g., under
${VARBASE} or
${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}. The only way to achieve this
is to create such files during installation time by using
installation scripts.
The generic installation scripts are shell scripts that can
contain arbitrary code. The list of scripts to execute is taken from
the INSTALL_FILE variable, which defaults to
INSTALL. A similar variable exists for package
removal (DEINSTALL_FILE, whose default is
DEINSTALL). These scripts can run arbitrary
commands, so they have the potential to create and manage files
anywhere in the file system.
Using these general installation files is not recommended, but may be needed in some special cases. One reason for avoiding them is that the user has to trust the packager that there is no unwanted or simply erroneous code included in the installation script. Also, previously there were many similar scripts for the same functionality, and fixing a common error involved finding and changing all of them.
The pkginstall framework offers another, standardized way. It
provides generic scripts to abstract the manipulation of such files
and directories based on variables set in the package's
Makefile. The rest of this section describes
these variables.
The following variables can be set to request the creation of directories anywhere in the file system:
MAKE_DIRSandOWN_DIRScontain a list of directories that should be created and should attempt to be destroyed by the installation scripts. The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to remove any directories that may be left after deinstallation (because they were not empty), while the former does not.-
MAKE_DIRS_PERMSandOWN_DIRS_PERMScontain a list of tuples describing which directories should be created and should attempt to be destroyed by the installation scripts. Each tuple holds the following values, separated by spaces: the directory name, its owner, its group and its numerical mode. For example:MAKE_DIRS_PERMS+= ${VARBASE}/foo/private ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-
PERMScounterparts.
Creating non-empty files outside the installation prefix is tricky
because the PLIST forces all files to be inside it.
To overcome this problem, the only solution is to extract the file in the
known place (i.e., inside the installation prefix) and copy it to the
appropriate location during installation (done by the installation scripts
generated by pkginstall). We will call the former the master
file in the following paragraphs, which describe the variables
that can be used to automatically and consistently handle files outside the
installation prefix:
-
CONF_FILESandSUPPORT_FILESare pairs of master and target files. During installation time, the master file is copied to the target one if and only if the latter does not exist. Upon deinstallation, the target file is removed provided that it was not modified by the installation.The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to remove any files that may be left after deinstallation (because they were not empty), while the former does not.
-
CONF_FILES_PERMSandSUPPORT_FILES_PERMScontain tuples describing master files as well as their target locations. For each of them, it also specifies their owner, their group and their numeric permissions, in this order. For example:SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS+= ${PREFIX}/share/somefile ${VARBASE}/somefile ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-
PERMScounterparts.
Configuration files are special in the sense that they are installed
in their own specific directory, PKG_SYSCONFDIR, and
need special treatment during installation (most of which is automated by
pkginstall). The main concept you must bear in mind is that files marked
as configuration files are automatically copied to the right place (somewhere
inside PKG_SYSCONFDIR) during installation if
and only if they didn't exist before. Similarly, they will not
be removed if they have local modifications. This ensures that
administrators never lose any custom changes they may have made.
As said before, the PKG_SYSCONFDIR variable
specifies where configuration files shall be installed. Its contents are
set based upon the following variables:
PKG_SYSCONFBASE: The configuration's root directory. Defaults to${PREFIX}/etcalthough it may be overridden by the user to point to his preferred location (e.g.,/etc,/etc/pkg, etc.). Packages must not use it directly.-
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR: A subdirectory ofPKG_SYSCONFBASEunder which the configuration files for the package being built shall be installed. The definition of this variable only makes sense in the package'sMakefile(i.e., it is not user-customizable).As an example, consider the Apache package,
www/apache2, which places its configuration files under thehttpd/subdirectory ofPKG_SYSCONFBASE. This should be set in the package Makefile. PKG_SYSCONFVAR: Specifies the name of the variable that holds this package's configuration directory (if different fromPKG_SYSCONFBASE). It defaults toPKGBASE's value, and is always prefixed withPKG_SYSCONFDIR.PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}: Holds the directory where the configuration files for the package identified byPKG_SYSCONFVAR's shall be placed.
Based on the above variables, pkginstall determines the value of
PKG_SYSCONFDIR, which is the only
variable that can be used within a package to refer to its configuration
directory. The algorithm used to set its value is basically the
following:
If
PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}is set, its value is used.If the previous variable is not defined but
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIRis set in the package'sMakefile, the resulting value is${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/${PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}.Otherwise, it is set to
${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}.
It is worth mentioning that ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR} is
automatically added to OWN_DIRS. See Section 15.1.1, “Directory manipulation” what this means. This does not apply to
subdirectories of ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}, they still have to
be created with OWN_DIRS or MAKE_DIRS.
Given that pkgsrc (and users!) expect configuration files to be in a known place, you need to teach each package where it shall install its files. In some cases you will have to patch the package Makefiles to achieve it. If you are lucky, though, it may be as easy as passing an extra flag to the configuration script; this is the case of GNU Autoconf- generated files:
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --sysconfdir=${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
Note that this specifies where the package has to look for its configuration files, not where they will be originally installed (although the difference is never explicit, unfortunately).
As said before, pkginstall automatically handles configuration files.
This means that the packages themselves must not
touch the contents of ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
directly. Bad news is that many software installation scripts
will, out of the box, mess with the contents of that directory. So what is
the correct procedure to fix this issue?
You must teach the package (usually by manually patching it) to
install any configuration files under the examples hierarchy,
share/examples/${PKGBASE}/. This way, the
PLIST registers them and the administrator always
has the original copies available.
Once the required configuration files are in place (i.e., under the
examples hierarchy), the pkginstall framework can use them as master copies
during the package installation to update what is in
${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}. To achieve this, the variables
CONF_FILES and CONF_FILES_PERMS are
used. Check out Section 15.1.2, “File manipulation” for information
about their syntax and their purpose. Here is an example, taken from the
mail/mutt package:
EGDIR= ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples
CONF_FILES= ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
Note that the EGDIR variable is specific to that
package and has no meaning outside it.
System startup scripts are special files because they must be installed in a place known by the underlying OS, usually outside the installation prefix. Therefore, the same rules described in Section 15.1, “Files and directories outside the installation prefix” apply, and the same solutions can be used. However, pkginstall provides a special mechanism to handle these files.
In order to provide system startup scripts, the package has to:
Store the script inside
${FILESDIR}, with the.shsuffix appended. Considering theprint/cupspackage as an example, it has acupsd.shin its files directory.-
Tell pkginstall to handle it, appending the name of the script, without its extension, to the
RCD_SCRIPTSvariable. Continuing the previous example:RCD_SCRIPTS+= cupsd
Once this is done, pkginstall will do the following steps for each script in an automated fashion:
Process the file found in the files directory applying all the substitutions described in the
FILES_SUBSTvariable.Copy the script from the files directory to the examples hierarchy,
${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/. Note that this master file must be explicitly registered in thePLIST.Add code to the installation scripts to copy the startup script from the examples hierarchy into the system-wide startup scripts directory.
The automatic copying of config files can be toggled by setting the
environment variable PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS prior to package
installation. Note that the scripts will be always copied inside the
examples hierarchy, ${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/, no
matter what the value of this variable is.
If a package needs to create special users and/or groups during installation, it can do so by using the pkginstall framework.
Users can be created by adding entries to the
PKG_USERS variable. Each entry has the following
syntax:
user:group
Further specification of user details may be done by setting
per-user variables.
PKG_UID. is the
numeric UID for the user.
userPKG_GECOS. is the
user's description or comment.
userPKG_HOME. is the
user's home directory, and defaults to
user/nonexistent if not specified.
PKG_SHELL. is the
user's shell, and defaults to user/sbin/nologin if
not specified.
Similarly, groups can be created by adding entries to the
PKG_GROUPS variable, whose syntax is:
group
The numeric GID of the group may be set by defining
PKG_GID..group
If a package needs to create the users and groups at an earlier
stage, then it can set USERGROUP_PHASE to
either configure or build to
indicate the phase before which the users and groups are created. In
this case, the numeric UIDs and GIDs of the created users and groups
are automatically hardcoded into the final installation scripts.
Packages that install system shells should register them in the shell
database, /etc/shells, to make things easier to the
administrator. This must be done from the installation scripts to keep
binary packages working on any system. pkginstall provides an easy way to
accomplish this task.
When a package provides a shell interpreter, it has to set the
PKG_SHELL variable to its absolute file name. This will
add some hooks to the installation scripts to handle it. Consider the
following example, taken from shells/zsh:
PKG_SHELL= ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh
Packages that install X11 fonts should update the database files that index the fonts within each fonts directory. This can easily be accomplished within the pkginstall framework.
When a package installs X11 fonts, it must list the directories in
which fonts are installed in the
FONTS_DIRS. variables,
where typetype can be one of “ttf”,
“type1” or “x11”. This will add hooks to the
installation scripts to run the appropriate commands to update the fonts
database files within each of those directories. For convenience, if the
directory path is relative, it is taken to be relative to the package's
installation prefix. Consider the following example, taken from fonts/dbz-ttf:
FONTS_DIRS.ttf= ${PREFIX}/lib/X11/fonts/TTF
Table of Contents
Many packages have the ability to be built to support different
sets of features. bsd.options.mk is a framework
in pkgsrc that provides generic handling of those options that
determine different ways in which the packages can be built. It's
possible for the user to specify exactly which sets of options will be
built into a package or to allow a set of global default options
apply.
There are two broad classes of behaviors that one might want to control via options. One is whether some particular feature is enabled in a program that will be built anyway, often by including or not including a dependency on some other package. The other is whether or not an additional program will be built as part of the package. Generally, it is better to make a split package for such additional programs instead of using options, because it enables binary packages to be built which can then be added separately. For example, the foo package might have minimal dependencies (those packages without which foo doesn't make sense), and then the foo-gfoo package might include the GTK frontend program gfoo. This is better than including a gtk option to foo that adds gfoo, because either that option is default, in which case binary users can't get foo without gfoo, or not default, in which case they can't get gfoo. With split packages, they can install foo without having GTK, and later decide to install gfoo (pulling in GTK at that time). This is an advantage to source users too, avoiding the need for rebuilds.
Plugins with widely varying dependencies should usually be split instead of options.
It is often more work to maintain split packages, especially if the upstream package does not support this. The decision of split vs. option should be made based on the likelihood that users will want or object to the various pieces, the size of the dependencies that are included, and the amount of work.
A further consideration is licensing. Non-free parts, or parts that depend on non-free dependencies (especially plugins) should almost always be split if feasible.
Global default options are listed in
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, which is a list of the options
that should be built into every package if that option is supported.
This variable should be set in mk.conf.
The following example shows how
bsd.options.mk should be used
by the hypothetical ``wibble'' package, either in the package
Makefile, or in a file,
e.g. options.mk, that is included by the
main package Makefile.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR= PKG_OPTIONS.wibble
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS= database
PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.database= mysql pgsql
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS+= WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS+= foo:wibble-foo
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"
# this package was previously named wibble2
.if defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2)
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS+= ${PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2}
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS+= \
"Deprecated variable PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2 used, use ${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR} instead."
.endif
.include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk"
# Package-specific option-handling
###
### FOO support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mwibble-foo)
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-foo
.endif
###
### LDAP support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap)
. include "../../databases/openldap-client/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap-client}
.endif
###
### database support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mmysql)
. include "../../mk/mysql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mpgsql)
. include "../../mk/pgsql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
The first section contains the information about which build options are supported by the package, and any default options settings if needed.
PKG_OPTIONS_VARis the name of the make(1) variable that the user can set to override the default options. It should be set to PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase. Do not set it to PKG_OPTIONS.${PKGBASE}, sincePKGBASEis not defined at the point where the options are processed.PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONSis a list of build options supported by the package.PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPSis a list of names of groups of mutually exclusive options. The options in each group are listed inPKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.. The most specific setting of any option from the group takes precedence over all other options in the group. Options from the groups will be automatically added togroupnamePKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS.PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPSis likePKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, but building the packages will fail if no option from the group is selected.PKG_OPTIONS_NONEMPTY_SETSis a list of names of sets of options. At least one option from each set must be selected. The options in each set are listed inPKG_OPTIONS_SET.. Options from the sets will be automatically added tosetnamePKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Building the package will fail if no option from the set is selected.PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONSis a list of build options which are enabled by default.PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARSis a list of “USE_VARIABLE:option” pairs that map legacymk.confvariables to their option counterparts. Pairs should be added with “+=” to keep the listing of global legacy variables. A warning will be issued if the user uses a legacy variable.PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTSis a list of “old-option:new-option” pairs that map options that have been renamed to their new counterparts. Pairs should be added with “+=” to keep the listing of global legacy options. A warning will be issued if the user uses a legacy option.PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONSis a list of options implied by deprecated variables used. This can be used for cases that neitherPKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARSnorPKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTScan handle, e. g. whenPKG_OPTIONS_VARis renamed.PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGSis a list of warnings about deprecated variables or options used, and what to use instead.
A package should never modify
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS or the variable named in
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR. These are strictly user-settable.
To suggest a default set of options, use
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR must be defined before
including bsd.options.mk. If none of
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS,
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, and
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS are defined (as can
happen with platform-specific options if none of them is supported on
the current platform), PKG_OPTIONS is set to the
empty list and the package is otherwise treated as not using the
options framework.
After the inclusion of bsd.options.mk, the
variable PKG_OPTIONS contains the list of selected
build options, properly filtered to remove unsupported and duplicate
options.
The remaining sections contain the logic that is specific to
each option. The correct way to check for an option is to check
whether it is listed in PKG_OPTIONS:
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Moption)
Options that enable similar features in different packages (like optional support for a library) should use a common name in all packages that support it (like the name of the library). If another package already has an option with the same meaning, use the same name.
Options that enable features specific to one package, where it's
unlikely that another (unrelated) package has the same (or a similar)
optional feature, should use a name prefixed with
pkgname-
If a group of related packages share an optional feature
specific to that group, prefix it with the name of the
“main” package
(e. g. djbware-errno-hack).
For new options, add a line to
mk/defaults/options.description. Lines have two
fields, separated by tab. The first field is the option name, the
second its description. The description should be a whole sentence
(starting with an uppercase letter and ending with a period) that
describes what enabling the option does. E. g. “Enable ispell
support.” The file is sorted by option names.
When writing buildlink3.mk files, it is often necessary to list
different dependencies based on the options with which the package was
built. For querying these options, the file
pkgsrc/mk/pkg-build-options.mk should be used. A
typical example looks like this:
pkgbase := libpurple .include "../../mk/pkg-build-options.mk" .if !empty(PKG_BUILD_OPTIONS.libpurple:Mdbus) ... .endif
Including pkg-build-options.mk here will set
the variable PKG_BUILD_OPTIONS.libpurple to the build
options of the libpurple package, which can then be queried like
PKG_OPTIONS in the options.mk
file. See the file pkg-build-options.mk for more
details.
Table of Contents
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Program location
- 17.3. Directories used during the build process
- 17.4. Running a phase
- 17.5. The fetch phase
- 17.6. The checksum phase
- 17.7. The extract phase
- 17.8. The patch phase
- 17.9. The tools phase
- 17.10. The wrapper phase
- 17.11. The configure phase
- 17.12. The build phase
- 17.13. The test phase
- 17.14. The install phase
- 17.15. The package phase
- 17.16. Cleaning up
- 17.17. Other helpful targets
This chapter gives a detailed description on how a package is
built. Building a package is separated into different
phases (for example fetch,
build, install), all of which are
described in the following sections. Each phase is splitted into
so-called stages, which take the name of the
containing phase, prefixed by one of pre-,
do- or post-. (Examples are
pre-configure, post-build.) Most
of the actual work is done in the do-* stages.
Never override the regular targets (like
fetch), if you have to, override the
do-* ones instead.
The basic steps for building a program are always the same. First the program's source (distfile) must be brought to the local system and then extracted. After any pkgsrc-specific patches to compile properly are applied, the software can be configured, then built (usually by compiling), and finally the generated binaries, etc. can be put into place on the system.
To get more details about what is happening at each step,
you can set the PKG_VERBOSE variable, or the
PATCH_DEBUG variable if you are just interested
in more details about the patch step.
Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the next section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed, and which variables influence this.
The automatic variable PREFIX indicates
where all files of the final program shall be installed. It is
usually set to LOCALBASE
(/usr/pkg), or CROSSBASE
for pkgs in the cross category. The value of
PREFIX needs to be put
into the various places in the program's source where paths to
these files are encoded. See Section 11.3, “patches/*” and Section 19.3.1, “Shared libraries - libtool” for more details.
When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules:
PREFIXalways points to the location where the current pkg will be installed. When referring to a pkg's own installation path, use “${PREFIX}”.LOCALBASEis where all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to find includes and libraries installed by another non-X11 pkg, use “${LOCALBASE}”. The nameLOCALBASEstems from FreeBSD, which installed all packages in/usr/local. As pkgsrc leaves/usr/localfor the system administrator, this variable is a misnomer.X11BASEis where the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc, etc.) is installed. When looking for standard X11 includes (not those installed by a package), use “${X11BASE}”.-
X11-based packages are special in that they may be installed in either
X11BASEorLOCALBASE.Usually, X11 packages should be installed under
LOCALBASEwhenever possible. Note that you will need to include../../mk/x11.buildlink3.mkin them to request the presence of X11 and to get the right compilation flags.Even though, there are some packages that cannot be installed under
LOCALBASE: those that come with app-defaults files. These packages are special and they must be placed underX11BASE. To accomplish this, set eitherUSE_X11BASEorUSE_IMAKEin your package.Some notes: If you need to find includes or libraries installed by a pkg that has
USE_IMAKEorUSE_X11BASEin its pkgMakefile, you need to look in both${X11BASE}and${LOCALBASE}. To force installation of all X11 packages inLOCALBASE, thepkgtools/xpkgwedgepackage is enabled by default. X11PREFIXshould be used to refer to the installed location of an X11 package.X11PREFIXwill be set toX11BASEif xpkgwedge is not installed, and toLOCALBASEif xpkgwedge is installed.-
If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to have some packages installed in
X11BASEand some inLOCALBASE. To determine the prefix of an installed package, theEVAL_PREFIXdefinition can be used. It takes pairs in the format “DIRNAME=<package>”, and the make(1) variableDIRNAMEwill be set to the prefix of the installed package <package>, or “${X11PREFIX}” if the package is not installed.This is best illustrated by example.
The following lines are taken from
pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile:EVAL_PREFIX+= GTKDIR=gtk+ CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE:Q} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-gtk-prefix=${GTKDIR:Q} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-multibyteSpecific defaults can be defined for the packages evaluated using
EVAL_PREFIX, by using a definition of the form:GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE}where
GTKDIRcorresponds to the first definition in theEVAL_PREFIXpair. Within
${PREFIX}, packages should install files according to hier(7), with the exception that manual pages go into${PREFIX}/man, not${PREFIX}/share/man.
When building a package, various directories are used to store source files, temporary files, pkgsrc-internal files, and so on. These directories are explained here.
Some of the directory variables contain relative pathnames. There
are two common base directories for these relative directories:
PKGSRCDIR/PKGPATH is used for directories that are
pkgsrc-specific. WRKSRC is used for directories
inside the package itself.
PKGSRCDIRThis is an absolute pathname that points to the pkgsrc root directory. Generally, you don't need it.
PKGDIRThis is an absolute pathname that points to the current package.
PKGPATHThis is a pathname relative to
PKGSRCDIRthat points to the current package.WRKDIRThis is an absolute pathname pointing to the directory where all work takes place. The distfiles are extracted to this directory. It also contains temporary directories and log files used by the various pkgsrc frameworks, like buildlink or the wrappers.
WRKSRCThis is an absolute pathname pointing to the directory where the distfiles are extracted. It is usually a direct subdirectory of
WRKDIR, and often it's the only directory entry that isn't hidden. This variable may be changed by a packageMakefile.
The CREATE_WRKDIR_SYMLINK definition takes either
the value yes or no and defaults
to no. It indicates whether a symbolic link to the
WRKDIR is to be created in the pkgsrc entry's directory.
If users would like to have their pkgsrc trees behave in a
read-only manner, then the value of
CREATE_WRKDIR_SYMLINK should be set to
no.
You can run a particular phase by typing make
phase, where phase is the name of the
phase. This will automatically run all phases that are required for this
phase. The default phase is build, that is, when you
run make without parameters in a package directory,
the package will be built, but not installed.
The first step in building a package is to fetch the distribution files (distfiles) from the sites that are providing them. This is the task of the fetch phase.
In simple cases, MASTER_SITES
defines all URLs from where the distfile, whose name is
derived from the DISTNAME variable, is
fetched. The more complicated cases are described
below.
The variable DISTFILES specifies
the list of distfiles that have to be fetched. Its value
defaults to ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX},
so that most packages don't need to define it at all.
EXTRACT_SUFX is
.tar.gz by default, but can be changed
freely. Note that if your package requires additional
distfiles to the default one, you cannot just append the
additional filenames using the +=
operator, but you have write for example:
DISTFILES= ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} additional-files.tar.gz
Each distfile is fetched from a list of sites, usually
MASTER_SITES. If the package has multiple
DISTFILES or multiple
PATCHFILES from different sites, you can
set
SITES.
to the list of URLs where the file
distfiledistfile
DISTFILES= ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}
DISTFILES+= foo-file.tar.gz
SITES.foo-file.tar.gz= \
http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \
http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/
When actually fetching the distfiles, each item from
MASTER_SITES or
SITES.* gets the name of each distfile
appended to it, without an intermediate slash. Therefore,
all site values have to end with a slash or other separator
character. This allows for example to set
MASTER_SITES to a URL of a CGI script
that gets the name of the distfile as a parameter. In this
case, the definition would look like:
MASTER_SITES= http://www.example.com/download.cgi?file=
There are some predefined values for
MASTER_SITES, which can be used in
packages. The names of the variables should speak for
themselves.
${MASTER_SITE_APACHE}
${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
${MASTER_SITE_CYGWIN}
${MASTER_SITE_DEBIAN}
${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD}
${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD_LOCAL}
${MASTER_SITE_GENTOO}
${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}
${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
${MASTER_SITE_GNUSTEP}
${MASTER_SITE_IFARCHIVE}
${MASTER_SITE_KDE}
${MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA}
${MASTER_SITE_MYSQL}
${MASTER_SITE_OPENOFFICE}
${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN}
${MASTER_SITE_PGSQL}
${MASTER_SITE_R_CRAN}
${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE}
${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE_JP}
${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE}
${MASTER_SITE_SUSE}
${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN}
${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
${MASTER_SITE_XEMACS}
Some explanations for the less self-explaining ones:
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP contains backup sites
for packages that are maintained in ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}. MASTER_SITE_LOCAL contains local
package source distributions that are maintained in ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/LOCAL_PORTS/.
If you choose one of these predefined sites, you may want to specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to more than one actual site, you must use the following construct to specify a subdirectory:
MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/}
MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=project_name/}
Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.
The fetch phase makes sure that
all the distfiles exist in a local directory
(DISTDIR, which can be set by the pkgsrc
user). If the files do not exist, they are fetched using
commands of the form
${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS}
where ${site} varies through
several possibilities in turn: first,
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE is tried, then the
sites specified in either SITES.file if
defined, else MASTER_SITES or
PATCH_SITES, as applies, then finally the
value of MASTER_SITE_BACKUP. The order of
all except the first and the last can be optionally sorted
by the user, via setting either
MASTER_SORT_RANDOM, and
MASTER_SORT_AWK or
MASTER_SORT_REGEX.
The specific command and arguments used depend on the
FETCH_USING parameter. The example above is
for FETCH_USING=custom.
The distfiles mirror run by the NetBSD Foundation uses the
mirror-distfiles target to mirror the
distfiles, if they are freely distributable. Packages setting
NO_SRC_ON_FTP (usually to
“${RESTRICTED}”) will not have their distfiles
mirrored.
After the distfile(s) are fetched, their checksum is generated and compared with the checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same distfile is used for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed, e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master distribution site or network lossage.
When the distfiles are present on the local system, they need to be extracted, as they usually come in the form of some compressed archive format.
By default, all DISTFILES are
extracted. If you only need some of them, you can set the
EXTRACT_ONLY variable to the list of those
files.
Extracting the files is usually done by a little
program, mk/extract/extract, which
already knows how to extract various archive formats, so most
likely you will not need to change anything here. But if you
need, the following variables may help you:
EXTRACT_OPTS_{BIN,LHA,PAX,RAR,TAR,ZIP,ZOO}Use these variables to override the default options for an extract command, which are defined in
mk/extract/extract.EXTRACT_USINGThis variable can be set to
bsdtar,gtar,nbtar(which is the default value),pax, or an absolute pathname pointing to the command with which tar archives should be extracted. It is preferred to choose bsdtar over gtar if NetBSD's pax-as-tar is not good enough.
If the extract program doesn't
serve your needs, you can also override the
EXTRACT_CMD variable, which holds the
command used for extracting the files. This command is
executed in the ${WRKSRC}
directory. During execution of this command, the shell
variable extract_file holds the absolute
pathname of the file that is going to be extracted.
And if that still does not suffice, you can override the
do-extract target in the package
Makefile.
After extraction, all the patches named by the
PATCHFILES, those present in the patches
subdirectory of the package as well as in
$LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH (e.g.
/usr/local/patches/graphics/png) are
applied. Patchfiles ending in .Z or
.gz are uncompressed before they are
applied, files ending in .orig or
.rej are ignored. Any special options to
patch(1) can be handed in
PATCH_DIST_ARGS. See Section 11.3, “patches/*” for more details.
By default patch(1) is given special args to make it fail if the patches apply with some lines of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that they apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is that patches that don't apply cleanly may end up being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe harm there.
This is covered in Chapter 18, Tools needed for building or running.
This phase creates wrapper programs for the compilers and linkers. The following variables can be used to tweak the wrappers.
ECHO_WRAPPER_MSGThe command used to print progress messages. Does nothing by default. Set to
${ECHO}to see the progress messages.WRAPPER_DEBUGThis variable can be set to
yes(default) orno, depending on whether you want additional information in the wrapper log file.WRAPPER_UPDATE_CACHEThis variable can be set to
yesorno, depending on whether the wrapper should use its cache, which will improve the speed. The default value isyes, but is forced tonoif the platform does not support it.WRAPPER_REORDER_CMDSA list of reordering commands. A reordering command has the form
reorder:l:. It ensures that thatlib1:lib2-loccurs beforelib1-l.lib2WRAPPER_TRANSFORM_CMDSA list of transformation commands. [TODO: investigate further]
Most pieces of software need information on the header files, system calls, and library routines which are available on the platform they run on. The process of determining this information is known as configuration, and is usually automated. In most cases, a script is supplied with the distfiles, and its invocation results in generation of header files, Makefiles, etc.
If the package contains a configure script, this can be
invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE to
“yes”. If the configure script is a GNU autoconf
script, you should set GNU_CONFIGURE to
“yes” instead. What happens in the
configure phase is roughly:
.for d in ${CONFIGURE_DIRS}
cd ${WRKSRC} \
&& cd ${d} \
&& env ${CONFIGURE_ENV} ${CONFIGURE_SCRIPT} ${CONFIGURE_ARGS}
.endfor
CONFIGURE_DIRS (default:
“.”) is a list of pathnames relative to
WRKSRC. In each of these directories, the
configure script is run with the environment
CONFIGURE_ENV and arguments
CONFIGURE_ARGS. The variables
CONFIGURE_ENV,
CONFIGURE_SCRIPT (default:
“./configure”) and
CONFIGURE_ARGS may all be changed by the
package.
If the program uses an Imakefile
for configuration, the appropriate steps can be invoked by
setting USE_IMAKE to
“yes”. (If you only want the package installed in
${X11PREFIX} but xmkmf not being run, set
USE_X11BASE instead.) You can add variables to
xmkmf's environment by adding them to the
SCRIPTS_ENV variable.
If the program uses cmake
for configuration, the appropriate steps can be invoked by
setting USE_CMAKE to “yes”.
You can add variables to cmake's environment by adding them to the
CONFIGURE_ENV variable and arguments to cmake
by adding them to the CMAKE_ARGS variable.
The top directory argument is given by the
CMAKE_ARG_PATH variable, that defaults to
“.” (relative to CONFIGURE_DIRS)
If there is no configure step at all, set
NO_CONFIGURE to “yes”.
For building a package, a rough equivalent of the following code is executed.
.for d in ${BUILD_DIRS}
cd ${WRKSRC} \
&& cd ${d} \
&& env ${MAKE_ENV} \
${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS} \
-f ${MAKE_FILE} \
${BUILD_TARGET}
.endfor
BUILD_DIRS (default:
“.”) is a list of pathnames relative to
WRKSRC. In each of these directories,
MAKE_PROGRAM is run with the environment
MAKE_ENV and arguments
BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS. The variables
MAKE_ENV,
BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS,
MAKE_FILE and
BUILD_TARGET may all be changed by the
package.
The default value of MAKE_PROGRAM is
“gmake” if USE_TOOLS contains
“gmake”, “make” otherwise. The
default value of MAKE_FILE is
“Makefile”, and BUILD_TARGET
defaults to “all”.
If there is no build step at all, set
NO_BUILD to “yes”.
Once the build stage has completed, the final step is to install the software in public directories, so users can access the programs and files.
In the install phase, a rough equivalent of the following code is executed. Additionally, before and after this code, much magic is performed to do consistency checks, registering the package, and so on.
.for d in ${INSTALL_DIRS}
cd ${WRKSRC} \
&& cd ${d} \
&& env ${MAKE_ENV} \
${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${INSTALL_MAKE_FLAGS} \
-f ${MAKE_FILE} \
${INSTALL_TARGET}
.endfor
The variable's meanings are analogous to the ones in the
build phase.
INSTALL_DIRS defaults to
BUILD_DIRS. INSTALL_TARGET
is “install” by default, plus
“install.man” if USE_IMAKE is
defined and NO_INSTALL_MANPAGES is not
defined.
In the install phase, the following
variables are useful. They are all variations of the
install(1) command that have the owner, group and
permissions preset. INSTALL is the plain
install command. The specialized variants, together with their
intended use, are:
INSTALL_PROGRAM_DIRdirectories that contain binaries
INSTALL_SCRIPT_DIRdirectories that contain scripts
INSTALL_LIB_DIRdirectories that contain shared and static libraries
INSTALL_DATA_DIRdirectories that contain data files
INSTALL_MAN_DIRdirectories that contain man pages
INSTALL_PROGRAMbinaries that can be stripped from debugging symbols
INSTALL_SCRIPTbinaries that cannot be stripped
INSTALL_GAMEgame binaries
INSTALL_LIBshared and static libraries
INSTALL_DATAdata files
INSTALL_GAME_DATAdata files for games
INSTALL_MANman pages
Some other variables are:
INSTALLATION_DIRSA list of directories relative to
PREFIXthat are created by pkgsrc at the beginning of the install phase. The package is supposed to create all needed directories itself before installing files to it and list all other directories here.
In the rare cases that a package shouldn't install anything,
set NO_INSTALL to “yes”. This is
mostly relevant for packages in the regress
category.
Once the install stage has completed, a binary package of the installed files can be built. These binary packages can be used for quick installation without previous compilation, e.g. by the make bin-install or by using pkg_add.
By default, the binary packages are created in
${PACKAGES}/All and symlinks are created in
${PACKAGES}/,
one for each category in the categoryCATEGORIES
variable. PACKAGES defaults to
pkgsrc/packages.
If there should be no binary package, set
NO_PACKAGE to “yes”.
This should only be used in rare cases, like when a package
definitely is only usable on the machine where it is built and even
then, a binary package can be useful.
Once you're finished with a package, you can clean the work directory by running make clean. If you want to clean the work directories of all dependencies too, use make clean-depends.
- pre/post-*
For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two auxiliary targets exist with “pre-” and “post-” used as a prefix for the main target's name. These targets are invoked before and after the main target is called, allowing extra configuration or installation steps be performed from a package's Makefile, for example, which a program's configure script or install target omitted.
- do-*
Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there be no variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note that redefining the target itself instead of the do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-* targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not usually need to do this.
- reinstall
-
If you did a make install and you noticed some file was not installed properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will ignore the “already installed” flag.
This is the default value of
DEPENDS_TARGETexcept in the case of make update and make package, where the defaults are “package” and “update”, respectively. - deinstall
-
This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory, effectively de-installing the package. The following variables can be used to tune the behaviour:
PKG_VERBOSEAdd a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command.
DEINSTALLDEPENDSRemove all packages that require (depend on) the given package. This can be used to remove any packages that may have been pulled in by a given package, e.g. if make deinstall DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1 is done in
pkgsrc/x11/kde, this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by adding “-R” to the pkg_delete(1) command line.
- bin-install
Install a binary package from local disk and via FTP from a list of sites (see the
BINPKG_SITESvariable), and do a make package if no binary package is available anywhere. The arguments given to pkg_add can be set viaBIN_INSTALL_FLAGSe.g., to do verbose operation, etc.- update
-
This target causes the current package to be updated to the latest version. The package and all depending packages first get de-installed, then current versions of the corresponding packages get compiled and installed. This is similar to manually noting which packages are currently installed, then performing a series of make deinstall and make install (or whatever
UPDATE_TARGETis set to) for these packages.You can use the “update” target to resume package updating in case a previous make update was interrupted for some reason. However, in this case, make sure you don't call make clean or otherwise remove the list of dependent packages in
WRKDIR. Otherwise, you lose the ability to automatically update the current package along with the dependent packages you have installed.Resuming an interrupted make update will only work as long as the package tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the packages to be updated has been changed, resuming make update will most certainly fail!
The following variables can be used either on the command line or in
mk.confto alter the behaviour of make update:UPDATE_TARGETInstall target to recursively use for the updated package and the dependent packages. Defaults to
DEPENDS_TARGETif set, “install” otherwise for make update. Other good targets are “package” or “bin-install”. Do not set this to “update” or you will get stuck in an endless loop!NOCLEANDon't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the work sources of the updated packages around for inspection or other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source tree (see the “clean-update” target below) or you may run into troubles with old source code still lying around on your next make or make update.
REINSTALLDeinstall each package before installing (making
DEPENDS_TARGET). This may be necessary if the “clean-update” target (see below) was called after interrupting a running make update.DEPENDS_TARGETAllows you to disable recursion and hardcode the target for packages. The default is “update” for the update target, facilitating a recursive update of prerequisite packages. Only set
DEPENDS_TARGETif you want to disable recursive updates. UseUPDATE_TARGETinstead to just set a specific target for each package to be installed during make update (see above).
- clean-update
-
Clean the source tree for all packages that would get updated if make update was called from the current directory. This target should not be used if the current package (or any of its depending packages) have already been de-installed (e.g., after calling make update) or you may lose some packages you intended to update. As a rule of thumb: only use this target before the first time you run make update and only if you have a dirty package tree (e.g., if you used
NOCLEAN).If you are unsure about whether your tree is clean, you can either perform a make clean at the top of the tree, or use the following sequence of commands from the directory of the package you want to update (before running make update for the first time, otherwise you lose all the packages you wanted to update!):
#make clean-update#make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES#make updateThe following variables can be used either on the command line or in
mk.confto alter the behaviour of make clean-update:CLEAR_DIRLISTAfter make clean, do not reconstruct the list of directories to update for this package. Only use this if make update successfully installed all packages you wanted to update. Normally, this is done automatically on make update, but may have been suppressed by the
NOCLEANvariable (see above).
- replace
-
Update the installation of the current package. This differs from update in that it does not replace dependent packages. You will need to install
pkgtools/pkg_tarupfor this target to work.Be careful when using this target! There are no guarantees that dependent packages will still work, in particular they will most certainly break if you make replace a library package whose shared library major version changed between your installed version and the new one. For this reason, this target is not officially supported and only recommended for advanced users.
- info
This target invokes pkg_info(1) for the current package. You can use this to check which version of a package is installed.
- index
-
This is a top-level command, i.e. it should be used in the
pkgsrcdirectory. It creates a database of all packages in the local pkgsrc tree, including dependencies, comment, maintainer, and some other useful information. Individual entries are created by running make describe in the packages' directories. This index file is saved aspkgsrc/INDEX. It can be displayed in verbose format by running make print-index. You can search in it with make search key=something. You can extract a list of all packages that depend on a particular one by running make show-deps PKG=somepackage.Running this command takes a very long time, some hours even on fast machines!
- readme
-
This target generates a
README.htmlfile, which can be viewed using a browser such aswww/firefoxorwww/links. The generated files contain references to any packages which are in thePACKAGESdirectory on the local host. The generated files can be made to refer to URLs based onFTP_PKG_URL_HOSTandFTP_PKG_URL_DIR. For example, if I wanted to generateREADME.htmlfiles which pointed to binary packages on the local machine, in the directory/usr/packages, setFTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhostandFTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages. The${PACKAGES}directory and its subdirectories will be searched for all the binary packages.The target can be run at the toplevel or in category directories, in which case it descends recursively.
- readme-all
This is a top-level command, run it in
pkgsrc. Use this target to create a fileREADME-all.htmlwhich contains a list of all packages currently available in the NetBSD Packages Collection, together with the category they belong to and a short description. This file is compiled from thepkgsrc/*/README.htmlfiles, so be sure to run this after a make readme.- cdrom-readme
This is very much the same as the “readme” target (see above), but is to be used when generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM. This target also produces
README.htmlfiles, and can be made to refer to URLs based onCDROM_PKG_URL_HOSTandCDROM_PKG_URL_DIR.- show-distfiles
This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles are needed to build the package (
ALLFILES, which contains allDISTFILESandPATCHFILES, but notpatches/*).- show-downlevel
This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version of this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can be used to show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so the old versions can be deleted, and the current ones added.
- show-pkgsrc-dir
This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory as the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended to be used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the “show-host-specific-pkgs” target.
- show-installed-depends
This target shows which installed packages match the current package's
DEPENDS. Useful if out of date dependencies are causing build problems.- check-shlibs
After a package is installed, check all its binaries and (on ELF platforms) shared libraries to see if they find the shared libs they need. Run by default if
PKG_DEVELOPERis set inmk.conf.- print-PLIST
-
After a “make install” from a new or upgraded pkg, this prints out an attempt to generate a new
PLISTfrom a find -newer work/.extract_done. An attempt is made to care for shared libs etc., but it is strongly recommended to review the result before putting it intoPLIST. On upgrades, it's useful to diff the output of this command against an already existingPLISTfile.If the package installs files via tar(1) or other methods that don't update file access times, be sure to add these files manually to your
PLIST, as the “find -newer” command used by this target won't catch them!See Section 13.3, “Tweaking output of make print-PLIST” for more information on this target.
- bulk-package
-
Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary package already exists, no action is taken. If not, this target will compile, install and package it (and its depends, if
PKG_DEPENDSis set properly. See Section 7.3.1, “Configuration”). After creating the binary package, the sources, the just-installed package and its required packages are removed, preserving free disk space.Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
- bulk-install
-
Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an up-to-date binary package is available, it will be installed via pkg_add(1). If not, make bulk-package will be executed, but the installed binary won't be removed.
A binary package is considered “up-to-date” to be installed via pkg_add(1) if:
None of the package's files (
Makefile, ...) were modified since it was built.None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since it was built.
Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
Table of Contents
The USE_TOOLS definition is used both internally
by pkgsrc and also for individual packages to define what commands
are needed for building a package (like BUILD_DEPENDS)
or for later run-time of an installed packaged (such as
DEPENDS).
If the native system provides an adequate tool, then in many cases, a pkgsrc
package will not be used.
When building a package, the replacement tools are made available in a directory (as symlinks or wrapper scripts) that is early in the executable search path. Just like the buildlink system, this helps with consistent builds.
A tool may be needed to help build a specific package. For example, perl, GNU make (gmake) or yacc may be needed.
Also a tool may be needed, for example, because the native system's supplied tool may be inefficient for building a package with pkgsrc. For example, a package may need GNU awk, bison (instead of yacc) or a better sed.
The tools used by a package can be listed by running make show-tools.
The default set of tools used by pkgsrc is defined in
bsd.pkg.mk. This includes standard Unix tools,
such as: cat, awk,
chmod, test, and so on.
These can be seen by running:
make show-var VARNAME=USE_TOOLS.
If a package needs a specific program to build
then the USE_TOOLS variable can be used
to define the tools needed.
In the following examples, the :pkgsrc means to use the pkgsrc version and not the native version for a build dependency. And the :run means that it is used for a run-time dependencies also (and becomes a DEPENDS). The default is a build dependency which can be set with :build. (So in this example, it is the same as gmake:build and pkg-config:build.)
USE_TOOLS+= mktemp:pkgsrc USE_TOOLS+= gmake perl:run pkg-config
When using the tools framework, a
TOOLS_PATH.foo variable is defined
which contains the full path to the appropriate tool. For example,
TOOLS_PATH.bash could be “/bin/bash”
on Linux systems.
If you always need a pkgsrc version of the
tool at run-time, then just use DEPENDS instead.
When improving or porting pkgsrc to a new platform, have a look
at (or create) the corresponding platform specific make file fragment under
pkgsrc/mk/tools/tools.${OPSYS}.mk which defines
the name of the common tools. For example:
.if exists(/usr/bin/bzcat) TOOLS_PLATFORM.bzcat?= /usr/bin/bzcat .elif exists(/usr/bin/bzip2) TOOLS_PLATFORM.bzcat?= /usr/bin/bzip2 -cd .endif TOOLS_PLATFORM.true?= true # shell builtin
- 18.4.1. How do I add a new tool?
- 18.4.2. How do I get a list of all available tools?
- 18.4.3. How can I get a list of all the tools that a package is using while being built? I want to know whether it uses sed or not.
Table of Contents
- 19.1. General operation
- 19.1.1. Portability of packages
- 19.1.2. How to pull in user-settable variables from ???
- 19.1.3. User interaction
- 19.1.4. Handling licenses
- 19.1.5. Restricted packages
- 19.1.6. Handling dependencies
- 19.1.7. Handling conflicts with other packages
- 19.1.8. Packages that cannot or should not be built
- 19.1.9. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
- 19.1.10. Handling packages with security problems
- 19.1.11. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package
- 19.1.12. Substituting variable text in the package files (the SUBST framework)
- 19.2. Fixing problems in the fetch phase
- 19.3. Fixing problems in the configure phase
- 19.4. Programming languages
- 19.5. Fixing problems in the build phase
- 19.6. Fixing problems in the install phase
- 19.6.1. Creating needed directories
- 19.6.2. Where to install documentation
- 19.6.3. Installing highscore files
- 19.6.4. Adding DESTDIR support to packages
- 19.6.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
- 19.6.6. Packages installing perl modules
- 19.6.7. Packages installing info files
- 19.6.8. Packages installing man pages
- 19.6.9. Packages installing GConf data files
- 19.6.10. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
- 19.6.11. Packages installing X11 fonts
- 19.6.12. Packages installing GTK2 modules
- 19.6.13. Packages installing SGML or XML data
- 19.6.14. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
- 19.6.15. Packages using intltool
- 19.6.16. Packages installing startup scripts
- 19.6.17. Packages installing TeX modules
- 19.6.18. Packages supporting running binaries in emulation
- 19.6.19. Packages installing hicolor theme icons
- 19.6.20. Packages installing desktop files
- 19.7. Marking packages as having problems
One appealing feature of pkgsrc is that it runs on many different platforms. As a result, it is important to ensure, where possible, that packages in pkgsrc are portable. This chapter mentions some particular details you should pay attention to while working on pkgsrc.
19.1.2. How to pull in user-settable variables from mk.conf
The pkgsrc user can configure pkgsrc by overriding several
variables in the file pointed to by MAKECONF,
which is mk.conf by default. When you
want to use those variables in the preprocessor directives of
make(1) (for example .if or
.for), you need to include the file
../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk before, which in turn
loads the user preferences.
But note that some variables may not be completely defined
after ../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk has been
included, as they may contain references to variables that are
not yet defined. In shell commands this is no problem, since
variables are actually macros, which are only expanded when they
are used. But in the preprocessor directives mentioned above and
in dependency lines (of the form target:
dependencies) the variables are expanded at load
time.
Note
Currently there is no exhaustive list of all variables that tells you whether they can be used at load time or only at run time, but it is in preparation.
Occasionally, packages require interaction from the user, and this can be in a number of ways:
When fetching the distfiles, some packages require user interaction such as entering username/password or accepting a license on a web page.
When extracting the distfiles, some packages may ask for passwords.
help to configure the package before it is built
help during the build process
help during the installation of a package
The INTERACTIVE_STAGE definition is
provided to notify the pkgsrc mechanism of an interactive stage
which will be needed, and this should be set in the package's
Makefile, e.g.:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build
Multiple interactive stages can be specified:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install
The user can then decide to skip this package by setting the
BATCH variable.
Authors of software can choose the licence under which software can be copied. This is due to copyright law, and reasons for license choices are outside the scope of pkgsrc. The pkgsrc system recognizes that there are a number of licenses which some users may find objectionable or difficult or impossible to comply with. The Free Software Foundation has declared some licenses "Free", and the Open Source Initiative has a definition of "Open Source". The pkgsrc system, as a policy choice, does not label packages which have licenses that are Free or Open Source. However, packages without a license meeting either of those tests are labeled with a license tag denoting the license. Note that a package with no license to copy trivially does not meet either the Free or Open Source test.
For packages which are not Free or Open Source, pkgsrc will not build the package unless the user has indicated to pkgsrc that packages with that particular license may be built. Note that this documentation avoids the term "accepted the license". The pkgsrc system is merely providing a mechanism to avoid accidentally building a package with a non-free license; judgement and responsibility remain with the user. (Installation of binary packages are not currently subject to this mechanism; this is a bug.)
One might want to only install packages with a BSD license,
or the GPL, and not the other. The pkgsrc license tag mechanism
does not provide a way to do this. It might be possible to put in
tags for free licenses, and have a default
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES variable value, but this is
widely viewed as having a very poor ratio of benefit to
work.
The license tag mechanism is intended to address
copyright-related issues surrounding building, installing and
using a package, and not to address redistribution issues (see
RESTRICTED and
NO_SRC_ON_FTP, etc.). However, the above
definition of licenses for which tags are not needed implies
that packages with redistribution restrictions should have
tags, because Free or Open Source programs do not have
redistribution restrictions.
Denoting that a package may be copied according to a
particular license is done by placing the license in
pkgsrc/licenses and setting the
LICENSE variable to a string identifying the
license, e.g. in graphics/xv:
LICENSE= xv-license
When trying to build, the user will get a notice that the
package is covered by a license which has not been placed in the
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES variable:
%make===> xv-3.10anb9 has an unacceptable license: xv-license. ===> To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license". ===> To indicate acceptance, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf: ===> ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license *** Error code 1
The license can be viewed with make
show-license, and if the user so chooses, the line
printed above can be added to mk.conf to
convey to pkgsrc that it should not in the future fail because of
that license:
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license
When adding a package with a new license, the license text
should be added to pkgsrc/licenses for
displaying. A list of known licenses can be seen in this
directory.
When the license changes (in a way other than formatting), please make sure that the new license has a different name (e.g., append the version number if it exists, or the date). Just because a user told pkgsrc to build programs under a previous version of a license does not mean that pkgsrc should build programs under the new licenses. The higher-level point is that pkgsrc does not evaluate licenses for reasonableness; the only test is a mechanistic test of whether a particular text has been approved by either of two bodies.
The use of LICENSE=shareware,
LICENSE=no-commercial-use, and similar language
is deprecated because it does not crisply refer to a particular
license text. Another problem with such usage is that it does not
enable a user to tell pkgsrc to proceed for a single package
without also telling pkgsrc to proceed for all packages with that
tag.
Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. Because a license tag is required unless the package is Free or Open Source, all packages with restrictions should have license tags. By declaring the restrictions, package tools can automatically refrain from e.g. placing binary packages on FTP sites.
There are four restrictions that may be encoded, which are the cross product of sources (distfiles) and binaries not being placed on FTP sites and CD-ROMs. Because this is rarely the exact language in any license, and because non-Free licenses tend to be different from each other, pkgsrc adopts a definition of FTP and CD-ROM. Pkgsrc uses "FTP" to mean that the source or binary file should not be made available over the Internet at no charge. Pkgsrc uses "CD-ROM" to mean that the source or binary may not be made available on some kind of media, together with other source and binary packages, and which is sold for a distribution charge.
In order to encode these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables that can be set to note these restrictions:
-
RESTRICTEDThis variable should be set whenever a restriction exists (regardless of its kind). Set this variable to a string containing the reason for the restriction. It should be understood that those wanting to understand the restriction will have to read the license, and perhaps seek advice of counsel.
-
NO_BIN_ON_CDROMBinaries may not be placed on CD-ROM containing other binary packages, for which a distribution charge may be made. In this case, set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}. -
NO_BIN_ON_FTPBinaries may not made available on the Internet without charge. In this case, set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}. If this variable is set, binary packages will not be included on ftp.NetBSD.org. -
NO_SRC_ON_CDROMDistfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM, together with other distfiles, for which a fee may be charged. In this case, set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}. -
NO_SRC_ON_FTPDistfiles may not made available via FTP at no charge. In this case, set this variable to
${RESTRICTED}. If this variable is set, the distfile(s) will not be mirrored on ftp.NetBSD.org.
Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE,
IGNORE, NO_CDROM, or other
generic make variables to denote restrictions is deprecated,
because they unconditionally prevent users from generating
binary packages!
Your package may depend on some other package being present
- and there are various ways of expressing this dependency.
pkgsrc supports the BUILD_DEPENDS and
DEPENDS definitions, the
USE_TOOLS definition, as well as dependencies
via buildlink3.mk, which is the preferred way
to handle dependencies, and which uses the variables named above.
See Chapter 14, Buildlink methodology for more information.
The basic difference between the two variables is as
follows: The DEPENDS definition registers
that pre-requisite in the binary package so it will be pulled in
when the binary package is later installed, whilst the
BUILD_DEPENDS definition does not, marking a
dependency that is only needed for building the package.
This means that if you only need a package present whilst
you are building, it should be noted as a
BUILD_DEPENDS.
The format for a BUILD_DEPENDS and a
DEPENDS definition is:
<pre-req-package-name>:../../<category>/<pre-req-package>
Please note that the “pre-req-package-name” may include any of the wildcard version numbers recognized by pkg_info(1).
-
If your package needs another package's binaries or libraries to build or run, and if that package has a
buildlink3.mkfile available, use it:.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
-
If your package needs to use another package to build itself and there is no
buildlink3.mkfile available, use theBUILD_DEPENDSdefinition:BUILD_DEPENDS+= autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf
-
If your package needs a library with which to link and again there is no
buildlink3.mkfile available, this is specified using theDEPENDSdefinition. For example:DEPENDS+= xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm
You can also use wildcards in package dependencies:
DEPENDS+= xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm
Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating binary packages. The dependency is checked when installing the binary package and any package which matches the pattern will be used. Wildcard dependencies should be used with care.
The “-[0-9]*” should be used instead of “-*” to avoid potentially ambiguous matches such as “tk-postgresql” matching a “tk-*”
DEPENDS.Wildcards can also be used to specify that a package will only build against a certain minimum version of a pre-requisite:
DEPENDS+= tiff>=3.5.4:../../graphics/tiff
This means that the package will build against version 3.5.4 of the tiff library or newer. Such a dependency may be warranted if, for example, the API of the library has changed with version 3.5.4 and a package would not compile against an earlier version of tiff.
Please note that such dependencies should only be updated if a package requires a newer pre-requisite, but not to denote recommendations such as ABI changes that do not prevent a package from building correctly. Such recommendations can be expressed using
ABI_DEPENDS:ABI_DEPENDS+= tiff>=3.6.1:../../graphics/tiff
In addition to the above
DEPENDSline, this denotes that while a package will build against tiff>=3.5.4, at least version 3.6.1 is recommended.ABI_DEPENDSentries will be turned into dependencies unless explicitly ignored (in which case a warning will be printed).To ignore these ABI dependency recommendations and just use the required
DEPENDS, setUSE_ABI_DEPENDS=NO. This may make it easier and faster to update packages built using pkgsrc, since older compatible dependencies can continue to be used. This is useful for people who watch their rebuilds very carefully; it is not very good as a general-purpose hammer. If you use it, you need to be mindful of possible ABI changes, including those from the underlying OS.Packages that are built with recommendations ignored may not be uploaded to ftp.NetBSD.org by developers and should not be used across different systems that may have different versions of binary packages installed.
For security fixes, please update the package vulnerabilities file. See Section 19.1.10, “Handling packages with security problems” for more information.
-
If your package needs some executable to be able to run correctly and if there's no
buildlink3.mkfile, this is specified using theDEPENDSvariable. Theprint/lyxpackage needs to be able to execute the latex binary from the teTeX package when it runs, and that is specified:DEPENDS+= teTeX-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX
The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph applies here, too.
If your package needs files from another package to build,
add the relevant distribution files to
DISTFILES, so they will be extracted
automatically. See the print/ghostscript package for an example.
(It relies on the jpeg sources being present in source form
during the build.)
Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of files as another package in the pkgsrc tree.
In this case you can set CONFLICTS to a
space-separated list of packages (including version string) your
package conflicts with.
For example, x11/Xaw3d
and x11/Xaw-Xpm
install the same shared library, thus you set in
pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile:
CONFLICTS= Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*
and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile:
CONFLICTS= Xaw3d-[0-9]*
Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix and a different version string. “Xaw3d-1.5” e.g. will automatically conflict with the older version “Xaw3d-1.3”.
There are several reasons why a package might be
instructed to not build under certain circumstances. If the
package builds and runs on most platforms, the exceptions
should be noted with NOT_FOR_PLATFORM. If
the package builds and runs on a small handful of platforms,
set ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM instead.
Both ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM and
NOT_FOR_PLATFORM are OS triples
(OS-version-platform) that can use glob-style
wildcards.
Some packages are tightly bound to a specific version of an
operating system, e.g. LKMs or sysutils/lsof. Such binary packages are not
backwards compatible with other versions of the OS, and should be
uploaded to a version specific directory on the FTP server. Mark
these packages by setting OSVERSION_SPECIFIC to
“yes”. This variable is not currently used by any of
the package system internals, but may be used in the
future.
If the package should be skipped (for example, because it
provides functionality already provided by the system), set
PKG_SKIP_REASON to a descriptive message. If
the package should fail because some preconditions are not met,
set PKG_FAIL_REASON to a descriptive
message.
To ensure that a package may not be deleted, once it has been
installed, the PKG_PRESERVE definition should
be set in the package Makefile. This will be carried into any
binary package that is made from this pkgsrc entry. A
“preserved” package will
not be deleted using pkg_delete(1) unless the
“-f” option is used.
When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted in
localsrc/security/advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities,
and after committing that file, use make upload
in the same directory to update the file on ftp.NetBSD.org.
After fixing the vulnerability by a patch, its
PKGREVISION should be increased (this
is of course not necessary if the problem is fixed by using
a newer release of the software).
Also, if the fix should be applied to the stable pkgsrc branch, be sure to submit a pullup request!
Binary packages already on ftp.NetBSD.org will be handled semi-automatically by a weekly cron job.
When making fixes to an existing package it can be useful
to change the version number in PKGNAME. To
avoid conflicting with future versions by the original author, a
“nb1”, “nb2”, ... suffix can be used
on package versions by setting PKGREVISION=1
(2, ...). The “nb” is treated like a
“.” by the package tools. e.g.
DISTNAME= foo-17.42
PKGREVISION= 9
will result in a PKGNAME of
“foo-17.42nb9”. If you want to use the original
value of PKGNAME without the “nbX”
suffix, e.g. for setting DIST_SUBDIR, use
PKGNAME_NOREV.
When a new release of the package is released, the
PKGREVISION should be removed, e.g. on a new
minor release of the above package, things should be like:
DISTNAME= foo-17.43
PKGREVISION should be incremented for any
non-trivial change in the resulting binary package. Without a
PKGREVISION bump, someone with the previous
version installed has no way of knowing that their package is out
of date. Thus, changes without increasing
PKGREVISION are essentially labeled "this is so
trivial that no reasonable person would want to upgrade", and this
is the rough test for when increasing
PKGREVISION is appropriate. Examples of
changes that do not merit increasing
PKGREVISION are:
Changing
HOMEPAGE,MAINTAINER,OWNER, or comments in Makefile.Changing build variables if the resulting binary package is the same.
Changing
DESCR.Adding
PKG_OPTIONSif the default options don't change.
Examples of changes that do merit an increase to
PKGREVISION include:
Security fixes
Changes or additions to a patch file
Changes to the
PLISTA dependency is changed or renamed.
PKGREVISION must also be incremented when dependencies have ABI changes.
When you want to replace the same text in multiple files or when the replacement text varies, patches alone cannot help. This is where the SUBST framework comes in. It provides an easy-to-use interface for replacing text in files. Example:
SUBST_CLASSES+= fix-paths
SUBST_STAGE.fix-paths= pre-configure
SUBST_MESSAGE.fix-paths= Fixing absolute paths.
SUBST_FILES.fix-paths= src/*.c
SUBST_FILES.fix-paths+= scripts/*.sh
SUBST_SED.fix-paths= -e 's,"/usr/local,"${PREFIX},g'
SUBST_SED.fix-paths+= -e 's,"/var/log,"${VARBASE}/log,g'
SUBST_CLASSES is a list of identifiers
that are used to identify the different SUBST blocks that are
defined. The SUBST framework is heavily used by pkgsrc, so it is
important to always use the += operator with
this variable. Otherwise some substitutions may be
skipped.
The remaining variables of each SUBST block are
parameterized with the identifier from the first line
(fix-paths in this case.) They can be seen as
parameters to a function call.
SUBST_STAGE.* specifies the stage at
which the replacement will take place. All combinations of
pre-, do- and
post- together with a phase name are
possible, though only few are actually used. Most commonly used
are post-patch and
pre-configure. Of these two,
pre-configure should be preferred because
then it is possible to run bmake patch and
have the state after applying the patches but before making any
other changes. This is especially useful when you are debugging
a package in order to create new patches for it. Similarly,
post-build is preferred over
pre-install, because the install phase should
generally be kept as simple as possible. When you use
post-build, you have the same files in the
working directory that will be installed later, so you can check
if the substitution has succeeded.
SUBST_MESSAGE.* is an optional text
that is printed just before the substitution is done.
SUBST_FILES.* is the list of shell
globbing patterns that specifies the files in which the
substitution will take place. The patterns are interpreted
relatively to the WRKSRC directory.
SUBST_SED.* is a list of arguments to
sed(1) that specify the actual substitution. Every sed
command should be prefixed with -e, so that
all SUBST blocks look uniform.
There are some more variables, but they are so seldomly
used that they are only documented in the
mk/subst.mk file.
If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can set
DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES and a make
fetch will call files/getsite.sh
with the name of each file to download as an argument, expecting
it to output the URL of the directory from which to download
it. graphics/ns-cult3d is an
example of this usage.
If the download can't be automated, because the user must
submit personal information to apply for a password, or must pay
for the source, or whatever, you can set
FETCH_MESSAGE to a list of lines that are
displayed to the user before aborting the build. Example:
FETCH_MESSAGE= "Please download the files"
FETCH_MESSAGE+= " "${DISTFILES:Q}
FETCH_MESSAGE+= "manually from "${MASTER_SITES:Q}"."
Sometimes authors of a software package make some
modifications after the software was released, and they put up a
new distfile without changing the package's version number. If a
package is already in pkgsrc at that time, the checksum will
no longer match. The contents of the new distfile should be
compared against the old one before changing anything, to make
sure the distfile was really updated on purpose, and that
no trojan horse or so crept in.
Please mention that the distfiles were compared and what was found
in your commit message.
Then, the correct way to work around this is to
set DIST_SUBDIR to a unique directory name,
usually based on PKGNAME_NOREV. All
DISTFILES and
PATCHFILES for this package will be put in that
subdirectory of the local distfiles directory.
(See Section 19.1.11, “How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package” for more details.)
In case this
happens more often, PKGNAME can be used (thus
including the nbX suffix) or a date stamp
can be appended, like ${PKGNAME_NOREV}-YYYYMMDD.
Do not forget regenerating the distinfo file
after that, since it contains the DIST_SUBDIR
path in the filenames.
Also increase the PKGREVISION if the installed package is different.
Furthermore, a mail to the package's authors seems appropriate
telling them that changing distfiles after releases without
changing the file names is not good practice.
pkgsrc supports many different machines, with different
object formats like a.out and ELF, and varying abilities to do
shared library and dynamic loading at all. To accompany this,
varying commands and options have to be passed to the
compiler, linker, etc. to get the Right Thing, which can be
pretty annoying especially if you don't have all the machines
at your hand to test things. The
devel/libtool pkg
can help here, as it just “knows” how to build
both static and dynamic libraries from a set of source files,
thus being platform-independent.
Here's how to use libtool in a package in seven simple steps:
Add
USE_LIBTOOL=yesto the package Makefile.For library objects, use “${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile ${CC}” in place of “${CC}”. You could even add it to the definition of
CC, if only libraries are being built in a given Makefile. This one command will build both PIC and non-PIC library objects, so you need not have separate shared and non-shared library rules.-
For the linking of the library, remove any “ar”, “ranlib”, and “ld -Bshareable” commands, and instead use:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link \ ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} \ ${OBJS:.o=.lo} \ -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib \ -version-info major:minorNote that the library is changed to have a
.laextension, and the objects are changed to have a.loextension. ChangeOBJSas necessary. This automatically creates all of the.a,.so.major.minor, and ELF symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory. Be sure to include “-version-info”, especially when major and minor are zero, as libtool will otherwise strip off the shared library version.From the libtool manual:
So, libtool library versions are described by three integers: CURRENT The most recent interface number that this library implements. REVISION The implementation number of the CURRENT interface. AGE The difference between the newest and oldest interfaces that this library implements. In other words, the library implements all the interface numbers in the range from number `CURRENT - AGE' to `CURRENT'. If two libraries have identical CURRENT and AGE numbers, then the dynamic linker chooses the library with the greater REVISION number.
The “-release” option will produce different results for a.out and ELF (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF library of the form “libfoo-release.so.x.y” will have a symlink of “libfoo.so.x.y” on an a.out platform. This is handled automatically.
The “-rpath argument” is the install directory of the library being built.
In the
PLIST, include only the.lafile, the other files will be added automatically. -
When linking shared object (
.so) files, i.e. files that are loaded via dlopen(3), NOT shared libraries, use “-module -avoid-version” to prevent them getting version tacked on.The
PLISTfile gets thefoo.soentry. -
When linking programs that depend on these libraries before they are installed, preface the cc(1) or ld(1) line with “${LIBTOOL} --mode=link”, and it will find the correct libraries (static or shared), but please be aware that libtool will not allow you to specify a relative path in -L (such as “-L../somelib”), because it expects you to change that argument to be the
.lafile. e.g.${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelibshould be changed to:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -osomeprog../somelib/somelib.laand it will do the right thing with the libraries.
-
When installing libraries, preface the install(1) or cp(1) command with “${LIBTOOL} --mode=install”, and change the library name to
.la. e.g.${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/libThis will install the static
.a, shared library, any needed symlinks, and run ldconfig(8). In your
PLIST, include only the.lafile (this is a change from previous behaviour).
Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes to the
package Makefile. This will override the package's own libtool
in most cases. For older libtool using packages, libtool is
made by ltconfig script during the do-configure step; you can
check the libtool script location by doing make
configure; find work*/ -name libtool.
LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE specifies which libtool
scripts, relative to WRKSRC, to override. By
default, it is set to “libtool */libtool
*/*/libtool”. If this does not match the location of the
package's libtool script(s), set it as appropriate.
If you do not need *.a static
libraries built and installed, then use
SHLIBTOOL_OVERRIDE instead.
If your package makes use of the platform-independent library for loading dynamic shared objects, that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include devel/libltdl/buildlink3.mk.
Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the package may not work or build in some circumstances. Some of the more common errors are:
-
The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as a dependent library in an executable or library. This in itself isn't a problem if one of two things has been done:
The shared object is named correctly, i.e.
libfoo.la, notfoo.laThe -dlopen option is used when linking an executable.
The use of libltdl without the correct calls to initialisation routines. The function lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro
LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLSincluded in executables.
If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be executed to regenerate the configure script and Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be executed in a pre-configure target.
For packages that need only autoconf:
AUTOCONF_REQD= 2.50 # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+= autoconf # use "autoconf213" for autoconf-2.13
...
pre-configure:
cd ${WRKSRC} && autoconf
...
and for packages that need automake and autoconf:
AUTOMAKE_REQD= 1.7.1 # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+= automake # use "automake14" for automake-1.4
...
pre-configure:
set -e; cd ${WRKSRC}; \
aclocal; autoheader; automake -a --foreign -i; autoconf
...
Packages which use GNU Automake will almost certainly require GNU Make.
There are times when the configure process makes
additional changes to the generated files, which then causes
the build process to try to re-execute the automake sequence.
This is prevented by touching various files in the configure
stage. If this causes problems with your package you can set
AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE=NO in the package
Makefile.
Compilers for the C, C++, and Fortran languages comes with the NetBSD base system. By default, pkgsrc assumes that a package is written in C and will hide all other compilers (via the wrapper framework, see Chapter 14, Buildlink methodology).
To declare which language's compiler a package needs, set
the USE_LANGUAGES variable. Allowed values
currently are “c”, “c++”, and
“fortran” (and any combination). The default is
“c”. Packages using GNU configure scripts, even if
written in C++, usually need a C compiler for the configure
phase.
If a program is written in Java, use the Java framework in
pkgsrc. The package must include
../../mk/java-vm.mk. This Makefile fragment
provides the following variables:
USE_JAVAdefines if a build dependency on the JDK is added. IfUSE_JAVAis set to “run”, then there is only a runtime dependency on the JDK. The default is “yes”, which also adds a build dependency on the JDK.Set
USE_JAVA2to declare that a package needs a Java2 implementation. The supported values are “yes”, “1.4”, and “1.5”. “yes” accepts any Java2 implementation, “1.4” insists on versions 1.4 or above, and “1.5” only accepts versions 1.5 or above. This variable is not set by default.
If your package contains interpreted perl scripts, add
“perl” to the USE_TOOLS variable
and set REPLACE_PERL to ensure that the proper
interpreter path is set. REPLACE_PERL should
contain a list of scripts, relative to WRKSRC,
that you want adjusted. Every occurrence of
*/bin/perl will be replaced with the full
path to the perl executable.
If a particular version of perl is needed, set the
PERL5_REQD variable to the version number. The
default is “5.0”.
See Section 19.6.6, “Packages installing perl modules” for information about handling perl modules.
The most common failures when building a package are that some platforms do not provide certain header files, functions or libraries, or they provide the functions in a library that the original package author didn't know. To work around this, you can rewrite the source code in most cases so that it does not use the missing functions or provides a replacement function.
If a package already comes with a GNU configure script, the
preferred way to fix the build failure is to change the
configure script, not the code. In the other cases, you can
utilize the C preprocessor, which defines certain macros
depending on the operating system and hardware architecture it
compiles for. These macros can be queried using for example
#if defined(__i386). Almost every operating
system, hardware architecture and compiler has its own macro.
For example, if the macros __GNUC__,
__i386__ and __NetBSD__
are all defined, you know that you are using NetBSD on an i386
compatible CPU, and your compiler is GCC.
The list of the following macros for hardware and
operating system depends on the compiler that is used. For
example, if you want to conditionally compile code on Solaris,
don't use __sun__, as the SunPro compiler
does not define it. Use __sun instead.
To distinguish between 4.4 BSD-derived systems and the rest of the world, you should use the following code.
#include <sys/param.h> #if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306) /* BSD-specific code goes here */ #else /* non-BSD-specific code goes here */ #endif
If this distinction is not fine enough, you can also test for the following macros.
FreeBSD __FreeBSD__ DragonFly __DragonFly__ Interix __INTERIX IRIX __sgi (TODO: get a definite source for this) Linux linux, __linux, __linux__ NetBSD __NetBSD__ OpenBSD __OpenBSD__ Solaris sun, __sun
i386 i386, __i386, __i386__ MIPS __mips SPARC sparc, __sparc
Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler, based on combinations of compiler version and architecture and almost always relation to optimisation being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors or never finishing compiling a file.
Typically, a workaround involves testing the
MACHINE_ARCH and compiler version, disabling
optimisation for that combination of file,
MACHINE_ARCH and compiler, and documenting it
in pkgsrc/doc/HACKS. See that file for a
number of examples.
This error message often means that a package did not link to a shared library it needs. The following functions are known to cause this error message over and over.
| Function | Library | Affected platforms |
|---|---|---|
| accept, bind, connect | -lsocket | Solaris |
| crypt | -lcrypt | DragonFly, NetBSD |
| dlopen, dlsym | -ldl | Linux |
| gethost* | -lnsl | Solaris |
| inet_aton | -lresolv | Solaris |
| nanosleep, sem_*, timer_* | -lrt | Solaris |
| openpty | -lutil | Linux |
To fix these linker errors, it is often sufficient to say
LIBS. to the package
OperatingSystem+=
-lfooMakefile and then say bmake clean;
bmake.
When you are using the SunPro compiler, there is another possibility. That compiler cannot handle the following code:
extern int extern_func(int);
static inline int
inline_func(int x)
{
return extern_func(x);
}
int main(void)
{
return 0;
}
It generates the code for inline_func even if
that function is never used. This code then refers to
extern_func, which can usually not be resolved. To
solve this problem you can try to tell the package to disable inlining
of functions.
Sometimes packages fail to build because the compiler runs
into an operating system specific soft limit. With the
UNLIMIT_RESOURCES variable pkgsrc can be told
to unlimit the resources. Currently, the allowed values are
“datasize” and “stacksize” (or both).
Setting this variable is similar to running the shell builtin
ulimit command to raise the maximum data
segment size or maximum stack size of a process, respectively, to
their hard limits.
The BSD-compatible install supplied
with some operating systems cannot create more than one
directory at a time. As such, you should call
${INSTALL_*_DIR} like this:
${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir1
${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir2
You can also just append “dir1
dir2” to the
INSTALLATION_DIRS variable, which will
automatically do the right thing.
In general, documentation should be installed into
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGBASE} or
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGNAME} (the latter
includes the version number of the package).
Many modern packages using GNU autoconf allow to set the
directory where HTML documentation is installed with the
“--with-html-dir” option. Sometimes using this flag
is needed because otherwise the documentation ends up in
${PREFIX}/share/doc/html or other
places.
An exception to the above is that library API documentation
generated with the textproc/gtk-doc tools, for use by special
browsers (devhelp) should be left at their default location, which
is ${PREFIX}/share/gtk-doc. Such
documentation can be recognized from files ending in
.devhelp or .devhelp2.
(It is also acceptable to install such files in
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGBASE} or
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGNAME}; the
.devhelp* file must be directly in that
directory then, no additional subdirectory level is allowed in
this case. This is usually achieved by using
“--with-html-dir=${PREFIX}/share/doc”.
${PREFIX}/share/gtk-doc is preferred
though.)
Certain packages, most of them in the games category, install
a score file that allows all users on the system to record their
highscores. In order for this to work, the binaries need to be
installed setgid and the score files owned by the appropriate
group and/or owner (traditionally the "games" user/group). The
following variables, documented in more detail in
mk/defaults/mk.conf, control this
behaviour: SETGIDGAME,
GAMEDATAMODE, GAMEGRP,
GAMEMODE, GAMEOWN.
Note that per default, setgid installation of games is
disabled; setting SETGIDGAME=YES will set all
the other variables accordingly.
A package should therefore never hard code file ownership or
access permissions but rely on INSTALL_GAME and
INSTALL_GAME_DATA to set these
correctly.
DESTDIR support means that a package
installs into a staging directory, not the final location of the
files. Then a binary package is created which can be used for
installation as usual. There are two ways: Either the package must
install as root (“destdir”) or the package can
install as non-root user (“user-destdir”).
PKG_DESTDIR_SUPPORThas to be set to “destdir” or “user-destdir”. If bsd.prefs.mk is included in the Makefile,PKG_DESTDIR_SUPPORTneeds to be set before the inclusion.All installation operations have to be prefixed with
${DESTDIR}.automake gets this DESTDIR mostly right automatically. Many manual rules and pre/post-install often are incorrect; fix them.
If files are installed with special owner/group use
SPECIAL_PERMS.In general, packages should support
UNPRIVILEGEDto be able to use DESTDIR.
Your package may also contain scripts with hardcoded paths to
other interpreters besides (or as well as) perl. To correct the
full pathname to the script interpreter, you need to set the
following definitions in your Makefile (we
shall use tclsh in this example):
REPLACE_INTERPRETER+= tcl
REPLACE.tcl.old= .*/bin/tclsh
REPLACE.tcl.new= ${PREFIX}/bin/tclsh
REPLACE_FILES.tcl= # list of tcl scripts which need to be fixed,
# relative to ${WRKSRC}, just as in REPLACE_PERL
Note
Before March 2006, these variables were called
_REPLACE.* and
_REPLACE_FILES.*.
Makefiles of packages providing perl5 modules should include
the Makefile fragment
../../lang/perl5/module.mk. It provides a
do-configure target for the standard perl
configuration for such modules as well as various hooks to tune
this configuration. See comments in this file for
details.
Perl5 modules will install into different places depending
on the version of perl used during the build process. To
address this, pkgsrc will append lines to the
PLIST corresponding to the files listed in
the installed .packlist file generated by
most perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining
PERL5_PACKLIST to a space-separated list of
paths to packlist files, e.g.:
PERL5_PACKLIST= ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist
The variables PERL5_SITELIB,
PERL5_SITEARCH, and
PERL5_ARCHLIB represent the three locations
in which perl5 modules may be installed, and may be used by
perl5 packages that don't have a packlist. These three
variables are also substituted for in the
PLIST.
Some packages install info files or use the
“makeinfo” or “install-info”
commands. INFO_FILES should be defined in
the package Makefile so that INSTALL and
DEINSTALL scripts will be generated to
handle registration of the info files in the Info directory
file. The “install-info” command used for the info
files registration is either provided by the system, or by a
special purpose package automatically added as dependency if
needed.
PKGINFODIR is the directory under
${PREFIX} where info files are primarily
located. PKGINFODIR defaults to
“info” and can be overridden by the user.
The info files for the package should be listed in the
package PLIST; however any split info files
need not be listed.
A package which needs the “makeinfo” command
at build time must add “makeinfo” to
USE_TOOLS in its Makefile. If a minimum
version of the “makeinfo” command is needed it
should be noted with the TEXINFO_REQD
variable in the package Makefile. By
default, a minimum version of 3.12 is required. If the system
does not provide a makeinfo command or if it
does not match the required minimum, a build dependency on the
devel/gtexinfo package will
be added automatically.
The build and installation process of the software provided
by the package should not use the
install-info command as the registration of
info files is the task of the package
INSTALL script, and it must use the
appropriate makeinfo command.
To achieve this goal, the pkgsrc infrastructure creates
overriding scripts for the install-info and
makeinfo commands in a directory listed early
in PATH.
The script overriding install-info has
no effect except the logging of a message. The script overriding
makeinfo logs a message and according to the
value of TEXINFO_REQD either runs the appropriate
makeinfo command or exit on error.
All packages that install manual pages should install them
into the same directory, so that there is one common place to look
for them. In pkgsrc, this place is
${PREFIX}/${PKGMANDIR}, and this expression
should be used in packages. The default for
PKGMANDIR is
“man”. Another often-used value
is “share/man”.
Note
The support for a custom PKGMANDIR
is far from complete.
The PLIST files can just use
man/ as the top level directory for the man
page file entries, and the pkgsrc framework will convert as
needed. In all other places, the correct
PKGMANDIR must be used.
Packages that are
configured with GNU_CONFIGURE set as
“yes”, by default will use the
./configure
--mandir switch to set where the man pages should be installed.
The path is GNU_CONFIGURE_MANDIR which defaults
to ${PREFIX}/${PKGMANDIR}.
Packages that use GNU_CONFIGURE but do not
use --mandir, can set CONFIGURE_HAS_MANDIR
to “no”.
Or if the ./configure script uses
a non-standard use of --mandir, you can set
GNU_CONFIGURE_MANDIR as needed.
See Section 13.5, “Man page compression” for information on installation of compressed manual pages.
If a package installs .schemas or
.entries files, used by GConf,
you need to take some extra steps to make sure they get registered
in the database:
Include
../../devel/GConf/schemas.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the GConf database at installation and deinstallation time, and tells the package where to install GConf data files using some standard configure arguments. It also disallows any access to the database directly from the package.Ensure that the package installs its
.schemasfiles under${PREFIX}/share/gconf/schemas. If they get installed under${PREFIX}/etc, you will need to manually patch the package.Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the etc/gconf directory, as they will be handled automatically. See Section 9.13, “How do I change the location of configuration files?” for more information.
Define the
GCONF_SCHEMASvariable in yourMakefilewith a list of all.schemasfiles installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any directories in them.Define the
GCONF_ENTRIESvariable in yourMakefilewith a list of all.entriesfiles installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any directories in them.
If a package installs .omf files, used by
scrollkeeper, you need to take some extra steps to make sure they
get registered in the database:
Include
../../textproc/rarian/omf.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the scrollkeeper database at installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any access to it directly from the package.Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the
libdata/scrollkeeperdirectory, as they will be handled automatically.Remove the
share/omfdirectory from the PLIST. It will be handled by scrollkeeper.
If a package installs font files, you will need to rebuild the fonts database in the directory where they get installed at installation and deinstallation time. This can be automatically done by using the pkginstall framework.
You can list the directories where fonts are installed in the
FONTS_DIRS.
variables, where typetype can be one of
“ttf”, “type1” or “x11”.
Also make sure that the database file
fonts.dir is not listed in the PLIST.
Note that you should not create new directories for fonts; instead use the standard ones to avoid that the user needs to manually configure his X server to find them.
If a package installs GTK2 immodules or loaders, you need to take some extra steps to get them registered in the GTK2 database properly:
Include
../../x11/gtk2/modules.mkinstead of itsbuildlink3.mkfile. This takes care of rebuilding the database at installation and deinstallation time.Set
GTK2_IMMODULES=YESif your package installs GTK2 immodules.Set
GTK2_LOADERS=YESif your package installs GTK2 loaders.-
Patch the package to not touch any of the GTK2 databases directly. These are:
libdata/gtk-2.0/gdk-pixbuf.loaderslibdata/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules
Check the
PLISTand remove any entries under thelibdata/gtk-2.0directory, as they will be handled automatically.
If a package installs SGML or XML data files that need to be registered in system-wide catalogs (like DTDs, sub-catalogs, etc.), you need to take some extra steps:
Include
../../textproc/xmlcatmgr/catalogs.mkin yourMakefile, which takes care of registering those files in system-wide catalogs at installation and deinstallation time.Set
SGML_CATALOGSto the full path of any SGML catalogs installed by the package.Set
XML_CATALOGSto the full path of any XML catalogs installed by the package.Set
SGML_ENTRIESto individual entries to be added to the SGML catalog. These come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note that you will normally not use this variable.Set
XML_ENTRIESto individual entries to be added to the XML catalog. These come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note that you will normally not use this variable.
If a package provides extensions to the MIME database by
installing .xml files inside
${PREFIX}/share/mime/packages, you
need to take some extra steps to ensure that the database is kept
consistent with respect to these new files:
Include
../../databases/shared-mime-info/mimedb.mk(avoid using thebuildlink3.mkfile from this same directory, which is reserved for inclusion from otherbuildlink3.mkfiles). It takes care of rebuilding the MIME database at installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any access to it directly from the package.Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the
share/mimedirectory, except for files saved undershare/mime/packages. The former are handled automatically by the update-mime-database program, but the latter are package-dependent and must be removed by the package that installed them in the first place.Remove any
share/mime/*directories from the PLIST. They will be handled by the shared-mime-info package.
If a package uses intltool during its build, add
intltool to the USE_TOOLS,
which forces it to use the intltool package provided by pkgsrc,
instead of the one bundled with the distribution file.
This tracks intltool's build-time dependencies and uses the latest available version; this way, the package benefits of any bug fixes that may have appeared since it was released.
If a package contains a rc.d script, it won't be copied into
the startup directory by default, but you can enable it, by adding
the option PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS=YES in
mk.conf. This option will copy the scripts
into /etc/rc.d when a package is installed, and
it will automatically remove the scripts when the package is
deinstalled.
If a package installs TeX packages into the texmf tree,
the ls-R database of the tree needs to be
updated.
Note
Except the main TeX packages such as teTeX-texmf,
packages should install files
into PKG_LOCALTEXMFPREFIX,
not PKG_TEXMFPREFIX.
Include
../../print/teTeX/module.mkinstead of../../mk/tex.buildlink3.mk. This takes care of rebuilding thels-Rdatabase at installation and deinstallation time.-
If your package installs files into a texmf tree other than the one at
PKG_LOCALTEXMFPREFIX, setTEXMFDIRSto the list of all texmf trees that need database update.If your package also installs font map files that need to be registered using updmap, set
TEX_FONTMAPSto the list of all such font map files. Then updmap will be run automatically at installation/deinstallation to enable/disable font map files for TeX output drivers. Make sure that none of
ls-Rdatabases are included inPLIST, as they will be removed only by the teTeX-bin package.
There are some packages that provide libraries and executables for running binaries from a one operating system on a different one (if the latter supports it). One example is running Linux binaries on NetBSD.
The pkgtools/rpm2pkg
helps in extracting and packaging Linux rpm packages.
The CHECK_SHLIBS can be set to no to
avoid the check-shlibs target, which tests
if all libraries for each installed executable can be found by
the dynamic linker. Since the standard dynamic linker is run,
this fails for emulation packages, because the libraries used
by the emulation are not in the standard directories.
If a package installs images under the
share/icons/hicolor and/or updates the
share/icons/hicolor/icon-theme.cache
database, you need to take some extra steps to make sure that the
shared theme directory is handled appropriately and that the cache
database is rebuilt:
Include
../../graphics/hicolor-icon-theme/buildlink3.mk.Check the
PLISTand remove the entry that refers to the theme cache.Ensure that the PLIST does not remove the shared icon directories from the
share/icons/hicolorhierarchy because they will be handled automatically.
The best way to verify that the PLIST is correct with respect to the last two points is to regenerate it using make print-PLIST.
If a package installs .desktop files
under share/applications and these include
MIME information, you need to take extra steps to ensure that they
are registered into the MIME database:
Include
../../sysutils/desktop-file-utils/desktopdb.mk.Check the PLIST and remove the entry that refers to the
share/applications/mimeinfo.cachefile. It will be handled automatically.
The best way to verify that the PLIST is correct with respect to the last point is to regenerate it using make print-PLIST.
In some cases one does not have the time to solve a problem immediately. There are currently two ways to declare that one knows that a package has problems.
The first way is to plainly mark it as broken. For this, one just sets the variable
BROKENto the reason why the package is broken (similar to theRESTRICTEDvariable). A user trying to build the package will immediately be shown this message, and the build will not be even tried.After each pkgsrc freeze period (a time when the tree is stabilized and a new pkgsrc branch is cut), the packages that were not building in the official branch build on the latest NetBSD release will be marked as broken on that branch. This is done by setting the
BROKEN_INvariable to the branch name (or appending the branch name to it). If a user tries to build such a package and the build fails, the user gets a message that says that the package was broken on the respective branch(es).
Both types of packages are removed from pkgsrc in irregular intervals.
To check out all the gotchas when building a package, here are the steps that I do in order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the same as what was explained in the previous sections, only with some debugging aids.
Be sure to set
PKG_DEVELOPER=yesinmk.conf.-
Install
pkgtools/url2pkg, create a directory for a new package, change into it, then run url2pkg:%mkdir /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg%cd /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg%url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz Edit the
Makefileas requested.Fill in the
DESCRfileRun make configure
Add any dependencies glimpsed from documentation and the configure step to the package's
Makefile.-
Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds of
%make%pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile%mkpatches%patchdiff%mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches%make mps%make cleanDoing this step as non-root user will ensure that no files are modified that shouldn't be, especially during the build phase. mkpatches, patchdiff and pkgvi are from the
pkgtools/pkgdiffpackage. Look at the
Makefile, fix if necessary; see Section 11.1, “Makefile”.-
Generate a
PLIST:#make install#make print-PLIST >PLIST#make deinstall#make install#make deinstallYou usually need to be
rootto do this. Look if there are any files left:#make print-PLISTIf this reveals any files that are missing in
PLIST, add them. -
Now that the
PLISTis OK, install the package again and make a binary package:#make reinstall#make package -
Delete the installed package:
#pkg_deleteexamplepkg -
Repeat the above make print-PLIST command, which shouldn't find anything now:
#make print-PLIST -
Reinstall the binary package:
#pkg_add .../examplepkg.tgz Play with it. Make sure everything works.
-
Run pkglint from
pkgtools/pkglint, and fix the problems it reports:#pkglint Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see Chapter 21, Submitting and Committing.
Table of Contents
Our policy is that we accept binaries only from pkgsrc developers to guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is not to annoy anyone but rather to protect our users! You're still free to put up your home-made binary packages and tell the world where to get them. NetBSD developers doing bulk builds and wanting to upload them please see Section 7.3.8, “Uploading results of a bulk build”.
First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see Chapter 20, Debugging and the rest of this document. Next, generate an uuencoded gzipped tar(1) archive that contains all files that make up the package. Finally, send this package to the pkgsrc bug tracking system, either with the send-pr(1) command, or if you don't have that, go to the web page http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html, which contains some instructions and a link to a form, where you can submit packages.
In the form of the problem report, the category should be “pkg”, the synopsis should include the package name and version number, and the description field should contain a short description of your package (contents of the COMMENT variable or DESCR file are OK). The uuencoded package data should go into the “fix” field.
If you want to submit several packages, please send a separate PR for each one, it's easier for us to track things that way.
Alternatively, you can also import new packages into pkgsrc-wip (“pkgsrc work-in-progress”); see the homepage at http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/ for details.
Please note all package additions, updates, moves, and
removals in pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES-. It's very
important to keep this file up to date and conforming to the
existing format, because it will be used by scripts to
automatically update pages on www.NetBSD.org and other
sites. Additionally, check the
YYYYpkgsrc/doc/TODO file and remove the entry
for the package you updated or removed, in case it was mentioned
there.
When the PKGREVISION of a package is
bumped, the change should appear in
pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES- if it is security
related or otherwise relevant. Mass bumps that result from a
dependency being updated should not be mentioned. In all other
cases it's the developer's decision.YYYY
There is a make target that helps in creating proper
CHANGES- entries: make
changes-entry. It uses the optional YYYYCTYPE
and NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME variables. The general
usage is to first make sure that your CHANGES-
file is up-to-date (to avoid having to resolve conflicts later-on)
and then to cd to the package directory. For
package updates, make changes-entry is enough.
For new packages, or package moves or removals, set the
YYYYCTYPE variable on the command line to "Added",
"Moved", or "Removed". You can set NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME
in mk.conf if your local login name is
not the same as your NetBSD login name. Don't forget to commit
the changes to pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES-!YYYY
This section is only of interest for pkgsrc developers with write access to the pkgsrc repository. Please remember that cvs imports files relative to the current working directory, and that the pathname that you give the cvs import command is so that it knows where to place the files in the repository. Newly created packages should be imported with a vendor tag of “TNF” and a release tag of “pkgsrc-base”, e.g:
$cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname$cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname TNF pkgsrc-base
Remember to move the directory from which you imported out of
the way, or cvs will complain the next time you “cvs
update” your source tree. Also don't forget to add the new
package to the category's Makefile.
The commit message of the initial import should include part of the
DESCR file, so people reading the mailing lists know
what the package is/does.
For new packages, “cvs import” is preferred to “cvs add” because the former gets everything with a single command, and provides a consistent tag.
Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant summary of the changes between old and new versions into the commit log when updating a package. There are various reasons for this:
A URL is volatile, and can change over time. It may go away completely or its information may be overwritten by newer information.
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who use either cvs or anoncvs.
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing list, so that they can make tactical decisions about when to upgrade the package.
Please also recognize that, just because a new version of a package has been released, it should not automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We prefer to be conservative in the packages that are included in pkgsrc - development or beta packages are not really the best thing for most places in which pkgsrc is used. Please use your judgement about what should go into pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be preferred above new and possibly untested features.
Make a copy of the directory somewhere else.
-
Remove all CVS dirs.
Alternatively to the first two steps you can also do:
%cvs -d user@cvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/packageand use that for further work.
Fix
CATEGORIESand anyDEPENDSpaths that just did “../package” instead of “../../category/package”.cvs import the modified package in the new place.
-
Check if any package depends on it:
%cd /usr/pkgsrc%grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink* Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to new location.
cvs rm (-f) the package at the old location.
Remove from
oldcategory/Makefile.Add to
newcategory/Makefile.-
Commit the changed and removed files:
%cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile(and any packages from step 5, of course).
This section contains the answers to questions that may
arise when you are writing a package. If you don't find your
question answered here, first have a look in the other chapters,
and if you still don't have the answer, ask on the
pkgsrc-users mailing list.
- 22.1. What is the difference between MAKEFLAGS, .MAKEFLAGS and MAKE_FLAGS?
- 22.2. What is the difference between MAKE, GMAKE and MAKE_PROGRAM?
- 22.3. What is the difference between CC, PKG_CC and PKGSRC_COMPILER?
- 22.4. What is the difference between BUILDLINK_LDFLAGS, BUILDLINK_LDADD and BUILDLINK_LIBS?
- 22.5. Why does make show-var VARNAME=BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo say it's empty?
- 22.6. What does ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=package/} mean? I don't understand the := inside it.
- 22.7. Which mailing lists are there for package developers?
- 22.8. Where is the pkgsrc documentation?
- 22.9. I have a little time to kill. What shall I do?
|
22.1. |
What is the difference between
|
|
|
|
22.2. |
What is the difference between
|
|
|
|
22.3. |
What is the difference between
|
|
|
|
22.4. |
What is the difference between
|
[FIXME] |
|
|
22.5. |
Why does make show-var
VARNAME=BUILDLINK_PREFIX. |
For optimization reasons, some variables are only available in the “wrapper” phase and later. To “simulate” the wrapper phase, append PKG_PHASE=wrapper to the above command. |
|
|
22.6. |
What does
|
The |
|
|
22.7. |
Which mailing lists are there for package developers? |
|
|
|
22.8. |
Where is the pkgsrc documentation? |
|
There are many places where you can find documentation about pkgsrc:
|
|
|
22.9. |
I have a little time to kill. What shall I do? |
|
This is not really an FAQ yet, but here's the answer anyway.
|
Table of Contents
Quoting GNOME's web site:
The GNOME project provides two things: The GNOME desktop environment, an intuitive and attractive desktop for users, and the GNOME development platform, an extensive framework for building applications that integrate into the rest of the desktop.
pkgsrc provides a seamless way to automatically build and install a complete GNOME environment under many different platforms. We can say with confidence that pkgsrc is one of the most advanced build and packaging systems for GNOME due to its included technologies buildlink3, the wrappers and tools framework and automatic configuration file management. Lots of efforts are put into achieving a completely clean deinstallation of installed software components.
Given that pkgsrc is NetBSD's official packaging system, the above also means that great efforts are put into making GNOME work under this operating system. Recently, DragonFly BSD also adopted pkgsrc as its preferred packaging system, contributing lots of portability fixes to make GNOME build and install under it.
This chapter is aimed at pkgsrc developers and other people interested in helping our GNOME porting and packaging efforts. It provides instructions on how to manage the existing packages and some important information regarding their internals.
We need your help!
Should you have some spare cycles to devote to NetBSD, pkgsrc and GNOME and are willing to learn new exciting stuff, please jump straight to the pending work list! There is still a long way to go to get a fully-functional GNOME desktop under NetBSD and we need your help to achieve it!
pkgsrc includes three GNOME-related meta packages:
meta-pkgs/gnome-base: Provides the core GNOME desktop environment. It only includes the necessary bits to get it to boot correctly, although it may lack important functionality for daily operation. The idea behind this package is to let end users build their own configurations on top of this one, first installing this meta package to achieve a functional setup and then adding individual applications.meta-pkgs/gnome: Provides a complete installation of the GNOME platform and desktop as defined by the GNOME project; this is based on the components distributed in theplatform/x.y/x.y.z/sourcesanddesktop/x.y/x.y.z/sourcesdirectories of the official FTP server. Developer-only tools found in those directories are not installed unless required by some other component to work properly. Similarly, packages from the bindings set (bindings/x.y/x.y.z/sources) are not pulled in unless required as a dependency for an end-user component. This package "extends"meta-pkgs/gnome-base.meta-pkgs/gnome-devel: Installs all the tools required to build a GNOME component when fetched from the CVS repository. These are required to let the autogen.sh scripts work appropriately.
In all these packages, the DEPENDS lines are
sorted in a way that eases updates: a package may depend on other
packages listed before it but not on any listed after it. It is very
important to keep this order to ease updates so... do not
change it to alphabetical sorting!
Almost all GNOME applications are written in C and use a common set of tools as their build system. Things get different with the new bindings to other languages (such as Python), but the following will give you a general idea on the minimum required tools:
-
Almost all GNOME applications use the GNU Autotools as their build system. As a general rule you will need to tell this to your package:
GNU_CONFIGURE=yes USE_LIBTOOL=yes USE_TOOLS+=gmake
-
If the package uses pkg-config to detect dependencies, add this tool to the list of required utilities:
USE_TOOLS+=pkg-config
Also use
pkgtools/verifypcat the end of the build process to ensure that you did not miss to specify any dependency in your package and that the version requirements are all correct. If the package uses intltool, be sure to add
intltoolto theUSE_TOOLSto handle dependencies and to force the package to use the latest available version.-
If the package uses gtk-doc (a documentation generation utility), do not add a dependency on it. The tool is rather big and the distfile should come with pregenerated documentation anyway; if it does not, it is a bug that you ought to report. For such packages you should disable gtk-doc (unless it is the default):
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=--disable-gtk-doc
The default location of installed HTML files (
share/gtk-doc/<package-name>) is correct and should not be changed unless the package insists on installing them somewhere else. Otherwise programs as devhelp will not be able to open them. You can do that with an entry similar to:CONFIGURE_ARGS+=--with-html-dir=${PREFIX}/share/gtk-doc/...
GNOME uses multiple shared directories and
files under the installation prefix to maintain databases. In this
context, shared means that those exact same directories and files are
used among several different packages, leading to conflicts in the
PLIST. pkgsrc currently includes functionality to
handle the most common cases, so you have to forget about using
@unexec ${RMDIR} lines in your file lists and
omitting shared files from them. If you find yourself doing those,
your package is most likely incorrect.
The following table lists the common situations that result in using shared directories or files. For each of them, the appropriate solution is given. After applying the solution be sure to regenerate the package's file list with make print-PLIST and ensure it is correct.
Table 23.1. PLIST handling for GNOME packages
| If the package... | Then... |
|---|---|
Installs OMF files under share/omf. |
See Section 19.6.10, “Packages installing scrollkeeper data files”. |
Installs icons under the
share/icons/hicolor hierarchy or updates
share/icons/hicolor/icon-theme.cache. |
See Section 19.6.19, “Packages installing hicolor theme icons”. |
Installs files under
share/mime/packages. |
See Section 19.6.14, “Packages installing extensions to the MIME database”. |
Installs .desktop files under
share/applications and these include MIME
information. |
See Section 19.6.20, “Packages installing desktop files”. |
When seeing GNOME as a whole, there are two kinds of updates:
- Major update
-
Given that there is still a very long way for GNOME 3 (if it ever appears), we consider a major update one that goes from a
2.Xversion to a2.Yone, whereYis even and greater thanX. These are hard to achieve because they introduce lots of changes in the components' code and almost all GNOME distfiles are updated to newer versions. Some of them can even break API and ABI compatibility with the previous major version series. As a result, the update needs to be done all at once to minimize breakage.A major update typically consists of around 80 package updates and the addition of some new ones.
- Minor update
-
We consider a minor update one that goes from a
2.A.Xversion to a2.A.Yone whereYis greater thanX. These are easy to achieve because they do not update all GNOME components, can be done in an incremental way and do not break API nor ABI compatibility.A minor update typically consists of around 50 package updates, although the numbers here may vary a lot.
In order to update the GNOME components in pkgsrc to a new stable release (either major or minor), the following steps should be followed:
-
Get a list of all the tarballs that form the new release by using the following commands. These will leave the full list of the components's distfiles into the
list.txtfile:%echo ls "*.tar.bz2" | \ ftp -V ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/platform/x.y/x.y.z/sources/ | \ awk '{ print $9 }' >list.txt%echo ls "*.tar.bz2" | \ ftp -V ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/desktop/x.y/x.y.z/sources/ | \ awk '{ print $9 }' >>list.txt Open each meta package's
Makefileand bump their version to the release you are updating them to. The three meta packages should be always consistent with versioning. Obviously remove anyPKGREVISIONs that might be in them.-
For each meta package, update all its
DEPENDSlines to match the latest versions as shown by the above commands. Do not list any newer version (even if found in the FTP) because the meta packages are supposed to list the exact versions that form a specific GNOME release. Exceptions are permitted here if a newer version solves a serious issue in the overall desktop experience; these typically come in the form of a revision bump in pkgsrc, not in newer versions from the developers.Packages not listed in the
list.txtfile should be updated to the latest version available (if found in pkgsrc). This is the case, for example, of the dependencies on the GNU Autotools in themeta-pkgs/gnome-develmeta package. -
Generate a patch from the modified meta packages and extract the list of "new" lines. This will provide you an outline on what packages need to be updated in pkgsrc and in what order:
%cvs diff -u gnome-devel gnome-base gnome | grep '^+D' >todo.txt For major desktop updates it is recommended to zap all your installed packages and start over from scratch at this point.
Now comes the longest step by far: iterate over the contents of
todo.txtand update the packages listed in it in order. For major desktop updates none of these should be committed until the entire set is completed because there are chances of breaking not-yet-updated packages.Once the packages are up to date and working, commit them to the tree one by one with appropriate log messages. At the end, commit the three meta package updates and all the corresponding changes to the
doc/CHANGES-<YEAR>andpkgsrc/doc/TODOfiles.
GNOME is a very big component in pkgsrc which approaches 100 packages. Please, it is very important that you always, always, always feed back any portability fixes you do to a GNOME package to the mainstream developers (see Section 11.3.5, “Feedback to the author”). This is the only way to get their attention on portability issues and to ensure that future versions can be built out-of-the box on NetBSD. The less custom patches in pkgsrc, the easier further updates are. Those developers in charge of issuing major GNOME updates will be grateful if you do that.
The most common places to report bugs are the GNOME's Bugzilla and the freedesktop.org's Bugzilla. Not all components use these to track bugs, but most of them do. Do not be short on your reports: always provide detailed explanations of the current failure, how it can be improved to achieve maximum portability and, if at all possible, provide a patch against CVS head. The more verbose you are, the higher chances of your patch being accepted.
Also, please avoid using preprocessor magic to fix portability
issues. While the FreeBSD GNOME people are doing a great job in porting
GNOME to their operating system, the official GNOME sources are now
plagued by conditionals that check for __FreeBSD__
and similar macros. This hurts portability. Please see our patching
guidelines (Section 11.3.4, “Patching guidelines”) for more
details.
This part of the guide deals with everything from the infrastructure that is behind the interfaces described in the developer's guide. A casual package maintainer should not need anything from this part.
Table of Contents
- 24. Design of the pkgsrc infrastructure
- 25. Regression tests
- 26. Porting pkgsrc
Table of Contents
The pkgsrc infrastructure consists of many small Makefile fragments. Each such fragment needs a properly specified interface. This chapter explains how such an interface looks like.
Whenever a variable is defined in the pkgsrc infrastructure, the location and the way of definition provide much information about the intended use of that variable. Additionally, more documentation may be found in a header comment or in this pkgsrc guide.
A special file is
mk/defaults/mk.conf, which lists all
variables that are intended to be user-defined. They are either
defined using the ?= operator or they are
left undefined because defining them to anything would
effectively mean “yes”. All these variables may be
overridden by the pkgsrc user in the MAKECONF
file.
Outside this file, the following conventions apply:
Variables that are defined using the ?=
operator may be overridden by a package.
Variables that are defined using the =
operator may be used read-only at run-time.
Variables whose name starts with an underscore must not be accessed outside the pkgsrc infrastructure at all. They may change without further notice.
Note
These conventions are currently not applied consistently to the complete pkgsrc infrastructure.
All variables that contain lists of things should default
to being empty. Two examples that do not follow this rule are
USE_LANGUAGES and
DISTFILES. These variables cannot simply be
modified using the += operator in package
Makefiles (or other files included by
them), since there is no guarantee whether the variable is
already set or not, and what its value is. In the case of
DISTFILES, the packages “know”
the default value and just define it as in the following
example.
DISTFILES= ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} additional-files.tar.gz
Because of the selection of this default value, the same
value appears in many package Makefiles. Similarly for
USE_LANGUAGES, but in this case the default
value (“c”) is so short that it
doesn't stand out. Nevertheless it is mentioned in many
files.
Variable evaluation takes place either at load time or at runtime, depending on the context in which they occur. The contexts where variables are evaluated at load time are:
The right hand side of the
:=and!=operators,Make directives like
.ifor.for,Dependency lines.
A special exception are references to the iteration
variables of .for loops, which are expanded
inline, no matter in which context they appear.
As the values of variables may change during load time,
care must be taken not to evaluate them by accident. Typical
examples for variables that should not be evaluated at load time
are DEPENDS and
CONFIGURE_ARGS. To make the effect more
clear, here is an example:
CONFIGURE_ARGS= # none
CFLAGS= -O
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= CFLAGS=${CFLAGS:Q}
CONFIGURE_ARGS:= ${CONFIGURE_ARGS}
CFLAGS+= -Wall
This code shows how the use of the :=
operator can quickly lead to unexpected results. The first
paragraph is fairly common code. The second paragraph evaluates
the CONFIGURE_ARGS variable, which results in
CFLAGS=-O. In the third paragraph, the
-Wall is appended to the
CFLAGS, but this addition will not appear in
CONFIGURE_ARGS. In actual code, the three
paragraphs from above typically occur in completely unrelated
files.
There are many ways in which the definition and use of a
variable can be restricted in order to detect bugs and
violations of the (mostly unwritten) policies. See the
pkglint developer's documentation for further
details.
Most of the .mk files fall into one
of the following classes. Cases where a file falls into more
than one class should be avoided as it often leads to subtle
bugs.
In a traditional imperative programming language some of
the .mk files could be described as
procedures. They take some input parameters and—after
inclusion—provide a result in output parameters. Since all
variables in Makefiles have global scope
care must be taken not to use parameter names that have already
another meaning. For example, PKGNAME is a
bad choice for a parameter name.
Procedures are completely evaluated at preprocessing time.
That is, when calling a procedure all input parameters must be
completely resolvable. For example,
CONFIGURE_ARGS should never be an input
parameter since it is very likely that further text will be
added after calling the procedure, which would effectively apply
the procedure to only a part of the variable. Also, references
to other variables wit will be modified after calling the
procedure.
A procedure can declare its output parameters either as suitable for use in preprocessing directives or as only available at runtime. The latter alternative is for variables that contain references to other runtime variables.
Procedures shall be written such that it is possible to call the procedure more than once. That is, the file must not contain multiple-inclusion guards.
Examples for procedures are
mk/bsd.options.mk and
mk/buildlink3/bsd.builtin.mk. To express
that the parameters are evaluated at load time, they should be
assigned using the := operator, which should
be used only for this purpose.
Action files take some input parameters and may define runtime variables. They shall not define loadtime variables. There are action files that are included implicitly by the pkgsrc infrastructure, while other must be included explicitly.
An example for action files is
mk/subst.mk.
Package Makefiles usually consist of
a set of variable definitions, and include the file
../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk in the very last line.
Before that, they may also include various other
*.mk files if they need to query the
availability of certain features like the type of compiler or
the X11 implementation. Due to the heavy use of preprocessor
directives like .if and
.for, the order in which the files are loaded
matters.
This section describes at which point the various files are loaded and gives reasons for that order.
The very first action in bsd.prefs.mk
is to define some essential variables like
OPSYS, OS_VERSION and
MACHINE_ARCH.
Then, the user settings are loaded from the file specified
in MAKECONF, which is usually mk.conf.
After that, those variables
that have not been overridden by the user are loaded from
mk/defaults/mk.conf.
After the user settings, the system settings and platform settings are loaded, which may override the user settings.
Then, the tool definitions are loaded. The tool wrappers are not yet in effect. This only happens when building a package, so the proper variables must be used instead of the direct tool names.
As the last steps, some essential variables from the wrapper and the package system flavor are loaded, as well as the variables that have been cached in earlier phases of a package build.
First, bsd.prefs.mk is loaded.
Then, the various *-vars.mk files are
loaded, which fill default values for those variables that have
not been defined by the package. These variables may later
be used even in unrelated files.
Then, the file bsd.pkg.error.mk
provides the target error-check that is added
as a special dependency to all other targets that use
DELAYED_ERROR_MSG or
DELAYED_WARNING_MSG.
Then, the package-specific hacks from
hacks.mk are included.
Then, various other files follow. Most of them don't have any dependencies on what they need to have included before or after them, though some do.
The code to check PKG_FAIL_REASON and
PKG_SKIP_REASON is then executed, which
restricts the use of these variables to all the files that have
been included before. Appearances in later files will be
silently ignored.
Then, the files for the main targets are included, in the order of later execution, though the actual order should not matter.
At last, some more files are included that don't set any interesting variables but rather just define make targets to be executed.
Table of Contents
The pkgsrc infrastructure consists of a large codebase, and there are many corners where every little bit of a file is well thought out, making pkgsrc likely to fail as soon as anything is changed near those parts. To prevent most changes from breaking anything, a suite of regression tests should go along with every important part of the pkgsrc infrastructure. This chapter describes how regression tests work in pkgsrc and how you can add new tests.
You first need to install the pkgtools/pkg_regress package, which
provides the pkg_regress command. Then you
can simply run that command, which will run all tests in the
regress category.
Every directory in the regress
category that contains a file called spec
is considered a regression test. This file is a shell program
that is included by the pkg_regress command.
The following functions can be overridden to suit your
needs.
These functions do not take any parameters. They are all called in “set -e” mode, so you should be careful to check the exitcodes of any commands you run in the test.
do_setup()This function prepares the environment for the test. By default it does nothing.
do_test()This function runs the actual test. By default, it calls
TEST_MAKEwith the argumentsMAKEARGS_TESTand writes its output including error messages into the fileTEST_OUTFILE.check_result()This function is run after the test and is typically used to compare the actual output from the one that is expected. It can make use of the various helper functions from the next section.
do_cleanup()This function cleans everything up after the test has been run. By default it does nothing.
exit_status(expected)This function compares the exitcode of the do_test() function with its first parameter. If they differ, the test will fail.
output_require(regex...)This function checks for each of its parameters if the output from do_test() matches the extended regular expression. If it does not, the test will fail.
output_prohibit(regex...)This function checks for each of its parameters if the output from do_test() does not match the extended regular expression. If any of the regular expressions matches, the test will fail.
Table of Contents
The pkgsrc system has already been ported to many operating systems, hardware architectures and compilers. This chapter explains the necessary steps to make pkgsrc even more portable.
To port pkgsrc to a new operating system (called
MyOS in this example), you need to touch the
following files:
pkgtools/bootstrap-mk-files/files/mods/MyOS.sys.mkThis file contains some basic definitions, for example the name of the C compiler.
mk/bsd.prefs.mkInsert code that defines the variables
OPSYS,OS_VERSION,LOWER_OS_VERSION,LOWER_VENDOR,MACHINE_ARCH,OBJECT_FMT,APPEND_ELF, and the other variables that appear in this file.mk/platform/MyOS.mkThis file contains the platform-specific definitions that are used by pkgsrc. Start by copying one of the other files and edit it to your needs.
mk/platform/MyOS.pkg.distThis file contains a list of directories, together with their permission bits and ownership. These directories will be created automatically with every package that explicitly sets
USE_MTREE. This feature will be removed.mk/platform/MyOS.x11.distJust copy one of the pre-existing x11.dist files to your
MyOS.x11.distmk/tools/bootstrap.mkOn some operating systems, the tools that are provided with the base system are not good enough for pkgsrc. For example, there are many versions of sed(1) that have a narrow limit on the line length they can process. Therefore pkgsrc brings its own tools, which can be enabled here.
mk/tools/tools.MyOS.mkThis file defines the paths to all the tools that are needed by one or the other package in pkgsrc, as well as by pkgsrc itself. Find out where these tools are on your platform and add them.
Now, you should be able to build some basic packages, like
lang/perl5, shells/bash.
Table of Contents
We checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the packages collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have bison when Berkeley yacc is already present in the tree is beyond us, but it's useful for the purposes of this exercise.
# $NetBSD$
#
DISTNAME= bison-1.25
CATEGORIES= devel
MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
MAINTAINER= thorpej@NetBSD.org
HOMEPAGE= http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html
COMMENT= GNU yacc clone
GNU_CONFIGURE= yes
INFO_FILES= bison.info
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
GNU version of yacc. Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other improvements. Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.
The NetBSD package system comes with
pkgtools/pkglint
which helps to check the contents of these
files. After installation it is quite easy to use, just change to the
directory of the package you wish to examine and execute
pkglint:
$pkglintlooks fine.
Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see pkglint(1)), more checks will be performed. Use e.g. pkglint -Call -Wall for a very thorough check.
Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories:
#cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang#mkdir bison#cd bison#mkdir patches
Create Makefile, DESCR and
PLIST (see Chapter 11, Package components - files, directories and contents)
then continue with fetching the distfile:
#make fetch>> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//. Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//. Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//. Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) Successfully retrieved file.
Generate the checksum of the distfile into
distinfo:
#make makedistinfo
Now compile:
#make>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for bison-1.25 ===> Patching for bison-1.25 ===> Ignoring empty patch directory ===> Configuring for bison-1.25 creating cache ./config.cache checking for gcc... cc checking whether we are using GNU C... yes checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for minix/config.h... no checking for POSIXized ISC... no checking whether cross-compiling... no checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for working const... yes checking for working alloca.h... no checking for alloca... yes checking for strerror... yes updating cache ./config.cache creating ./config.status creating Makefile ===> Building for bison-1.25 cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g LR0.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g allocate.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g closure.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g conflicts.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g derives.c cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\" -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -g ./files.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getargs.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g gram.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lalr.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lex.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g main.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g nullable.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g output.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g print.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reader.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reduce.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g symtab.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g warshall.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g version.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt1.c cc -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o ./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp() rm -f bison.s1 sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1
Everything seems OK, so install the files:
#make install>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Installing for bison-1.25 sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1 rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info* install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy cd .; for f in bison.info*; do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 ===> Registering installation for bison-1.25
You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with pkg_delete bison. Should you decide that you want a binary package, do this now:
#make package>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Building package for bison-1.25 Creating package bison-1.25.tgz Registering depends:. Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up:
#make clean===> Cleaning for bison-1.25
Table of Contents
#make===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 => figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. => Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/. => [172219 bytes] Connected to ftp.plig.net. 220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready. 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. 230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed. 230- 230- ___ _ _ _ 230- | _| |_ ___ ___| |_|___ ___ ___ ___ 230- | _| _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . | _| . | 230- |_| |_| | _|_| _|_|_|_ |_|___|_| |_ | 230- |_| |_| |___| |___| 230- 230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org ** 230- 230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you 230-do not like this, please disconnect now. 230- 230-This arhive is available via 230- 230-HTTP: http://ftp.plig.org/ 230-FTP: ftp://ftp.plig.org/ (max 500 connections) 230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/ (max 30 connections) 230- 230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be 230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org. 230- 230- 230 Logged in anonymously. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. 200 Type okay. 250 "/pub" is new cwd. 250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd. 250- 250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org 250- 250- ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/ 250- 250-The official FIGlet web page is: 250- http://www.figlet.org/ 250- 250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to 250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us. 250 250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd. 250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd. local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz 502 Unimplemented command. 227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104) 150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes). 38% |************** | 65800 64.16 KB/s 00:01 ETA 226 Transfer completed. 172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s) 221 Goodbye. => Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found ===> Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2 gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\" -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\" figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet chmod a+x figlet gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c => Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.##make install===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2 install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6 mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6 ===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2#
Table of Contents
As in other big projects, the directory layout of pkgsrc
is quite complex for newbies. This chapter explains where you
find things on the FTP server. The base directory on
ftp.NetBSD.org is /pub/pkgsrc/.
On other servers it may be different, but inside this directory,
everything should look the same, no matter on which server you
are. This directory contains some subdirectories, which are
explained below.
This directory used to contain binary packages of the
package management tools for various platforms. For those
package collections that need them, they are now stored near the
binary packages, so you should look in the packages
directory.
The directory distfiles contains lots
of archive files from all pkgsrc packages, which are mirrored
here. The subdirectories are called after their package names
and are used when the distributed files have names that don't
explicitly contain a version number or are otherwise too generic
(for example release.tar.gz).
This directory contains things that individual pkgsrc developers find worth publishing.
This directory contains binary packages for the various
platforms that are supported by pkgsrc.
Each subdirectory is of the form OPSYS/ARCH/OSVERSION_TAG. The meaning of these variables is:
OPSYSis the name of the operating system for which the packages have been built. The name is taken from the output of the uname command, so it may differ from the one you are used to hear.ARCHis the hardware architecture of the platform for which the packages have been built. It also includes theABI(Application Binary Interface) for platforms that have several of them.OSVERSIONis the version of the operating system. For version numbers that change often (for example NetBSD-current), the often-changing part should be replaced with anx, for example4.99.x.TAGis either200for a stable branch, orxQyheadfor packages built from the HEAD branch. The latter should only be used when the packages are updated on a regular basis. Otherwise the date from checking out pkgsrc should be appended, for examplehead_20071015.
The rationale for exactly this scheme is that the pkgsrc users looking for binary packages can quickly click through the directories on the server and find the best binary packages for their machines. Since they usually know the operating system and the hardware architecture, OPSYS and ARCH are placed first. After these choices, they can select the best combination of OSVERSION and TAG together, since it is usually the case that packages stay compatible between different version of the operating system.
In each of these directories, there is a
whole binary packages collection for a specific platform. It has a directory called
All which contains all binary packages.
Besides that, there are various category directories that
contain symbolic links to the real binary packages.
Here are the reports from bulk builds, for those who want to fix packages that didn't build on some of the platforms. The structure of subdirectories should look like the one in Section C.5, “packages: Binary packages”.
These directories contain the “real” pkgsrc, that is the files that define how to create binary packages from source archives.
The directory pkgsrc contains a
snapshot of the CVS repository, which is updated regularly. The
file pkgsrc.tar.gz contains the same as the
directory, ready to be downloaded as a whole.
In the directories for the quarterly branches, there is an
additional file called
pkgsrc-200,
which contains the state of pkgsrc when it was branched.xQy.tar.gz
Table of Contents
This section contains information on editing the pkgsrc guide itself.
The pkgsrc guide's source code is stored in
pkgsrc/doc/guide/files, and several files
are created from it:
pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txtpkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.htmlhttp://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.pdf: The PDF version of the pkgsrc guide.
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.ps: PostScript version of the pkgsrc guide.
The procedure to edit the pkgsrc guide is:
Make sure you have the packages needed to regenerate the pkgsrc guide (and other XML-based NetBSD documentation) installed. These are
meta-pkgs/netbsd-docfor creating the ASCII and HTML versions, andmeta-pkgs/netbsd-doc-printfor the PostScript and PDF versions. You will need both packages installed, to make sure documentation is consistent across all formats.Run cd doc/guide to get to the right directory. All further steps will take place here.
Edit the XML file(s) in
files/.Run bmake to check the pkgsrc guide for valid XML and to build the final output files. If you get any errors at this stage, you can just edit the files, as there are only symbolic links in the working directory, pointing to the files in
files/.(cd files && cvs commit)
Run bmake clean && bmake to regenerate the output files with the proper RCS Ids.
-
Run bmake regen to install and commit the files in both
pkgsrc/docandhtdocs.Note
If you have added, removed or renamed some chapters, you need to synchronize them using cvs add or cvs delete in the htdocs directory.